BDB (original) — ע (512)

עֵטָא (Aramaic)

n.f. counsel;—abs. Daniel 2:14 (v. טְעֵם 2).

עֲבַד (Aramaic)

vb. make, do (𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (S-C^Pap.; cf. אַזְדָּא); = BH עָבַד, q.v., but in meaning ‖ עשׂה);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Daniel 3:1 +, 2 ms. עֲבַ֑דְתְּ (K^{§ 13, 2}) Daniel 4:32; 1 s. עַבְדֵֿת Daniel 3:15; Daniel 6:23, 3 mpl. עֲבַ֫דוּ Ezra 6:13 +; Impf. 2 mpl. תַּעְבְּדוּן (Baer K^{§ 38, 1. b}); תַּעַבְדוּן Gi Str) Ezra 6:8; Ezra 7:18; Inf. מֶעְבַּד (K^{§ 15, a) 2)}) Ezra 4:22; Ezra 7:18 (מֶעְבַּ֑ד); Pt. act. עָבֵד Ezra 7:26 +, fs. עָבְדָא Daniel 7:21; mpl. עָֽבְדִין Ezra 4:15;—

make, acc. rei Daniel 3:1, Daniel 3:15 and (of creation) Jeremiah 10:11; make a feast Daniel 5:1, war Daniel 7:21 (עִם pers.), ded. of temple Ezra 6:16.

do, acc. of deed, Daniel 4:32 (of God), Daniel 6:23 Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; do, act, כְּנֵמָא, thus, Ezra 6:13, כ, according to, Daniel 7:18 and (of God) Daniel 4:32, abs. Daniel 6:11; acc. + ב rei Ezra 7:18 do something with, + עִם pers. Daniel 6:8; do, perform, acc. of God’s law Daniel 7:26, acc. of signs, etc. (subj. God) Daniel 6:28 and (+ עִם pers.) Daniel 3:32.

Impf. 3 ms. יִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 6:11 +, ד—ִ֑ Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21; 2 mpl. תִּתְעַבְדוּן Daniel 2:5; Pt. מִתְעֲבֵד Ezra 7:26, -בֶד־ Ezra 4:19, fs. -עַבְדָא Ezra 5:8;—

be made into, c. n. pred., Daniel 2:5; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:11.

be done, wrought, Ezra 4:19, Ezra 5:3 (subj. עֲבִידְתָּא); be performed, executed, of command Ezra 6:12; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:23, judgment Ezra 7:26.

עֲבַד² (Aramaic)

n.m. slave, servant (BH עֶ֫בֶד);—cstr. עֲבֵד Daniel 6:21 servant of God; pl. sf. of king, עבדיך Kt (K^{§ 53 Anm. b)}), עַבְדָךְ Qr Ezra 4:11; עַבְדָךְ Qr Daniel 2:4; sf. of God, עַבְד֫וֹהִי, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Ezra 5:11, of king Daniel 2:7.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. comrade of Daniel (BH id.);—Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12 + 10 times Daniel 3:3, + עֲבֵד נְגוֹא Daniel 3:29; = עֲזַרְיָה Daniel 2:17.

עֲבַר (Aramaic)

n.m. region across, beyond (v. BH I. עֵ֫בֶר, √ עָבַר);—cstr. in phr. עֲבַר(־)נַהֲרָה, i.e. Syria (Scheft ⁸⁷): Ezra 4:10, Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 5:3, Ezra 5:6^(×2); Ezra 6:6^(×2), Ezra 6:8, Ezra 6:13; Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25, ע׳ נהרא Ezra 4:16. cf. in Cilic. Aramaic, Cooke ³⁴⁶.

עַד (Aramaic)

עֲדָא (Aramaic)

vb. pass on, away (𝔗 for Heb. עָבַר, Syriac; v. BH I. עָדָה (rare, late));—

Pf. 3 fs. עֲדָת Daniel 3:27; Daniel 4:28; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְדֵּה Daniel 7:14, 3 fs. תֶּעְדֵּא Daniel 6:9;—

pass on, over, c. ב pers. Daniel 3:27.

pass away, of kingdom Daniel 4:28 (מִן pers.), Daniel 7:14; of law Daniel 6:9, Daniel 6:13.

take away (so Egyptian Aramaic S-C^{G 35}): Pf. 3 mpl. הֶעְדִּיו, acc. rei, Daniel 5:20 (מִן pers.), Daniel 7:12; Impf. 3 mpl. יְהַעְדּוֹן v Daniel 7:26; Pt. מְהַעְדֵּה Daniel 2:21 remove, depose kings, of God.

עַד² (Aramaic)

prep. and conj. even to, until (BH III. עַד; so 𝔗 Syriac Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. Egyptian Aramaic (Lzb³³⁶ S-C^{A 5 +}));—

prep.:

of space, even to Daniel 7:13; עַד־כָּה v Daniel 7:28.

of amount, up to Ezra 7:22 ^{(4 times)}.

of time, until Daniel 2:20; Daniel 6:15, Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:18^(×2), Daniel 7:26 Ezra 4:24; Ezra 5:16 וְעַד־כְּעַן; = our against Ezra 6:15 (cf. BH, p. 724 ^a top); to (the end of) = during Daniel 6:8 עַד יוֹמִין תְּלָתִין, v Daniel 6:13; Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:25. On עַד־אָֽחֳרֵין Daniel 4:5 v. אָחֳרָן; and on עַד־דִּבְרַת דִּי Daniel 4:14 v. [דִּבְרָה].

conj.:

עַד־דִּי until, sq. pf. (of past time) Daniel 2:34; Daniel 4:30; Daniel 5:21; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:22; sq. impf. (of fut.) Daniel 2:9; Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29.—Daniel 6:25 לָא מְטוֹ … עַד דִּי שְׁלִטוּ וג׳ up to the time that …, i.e. ere that.

עַד alone, Ezra 4:21; Ezra 5:5.

עִדָּן (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 2:9} time (𝔗 id., Syriac ܥܶܕܳܢܳܐ, perhaps loan-wd. from Assyrian (ḫ)adon(n)u, edanu, appointed, or definite, time; [Arabic عدّان prob. Aramaic loan-wd., Schwally^{ZMG liii (1889), 197}]);—abs. ע׳ Daniel 7:12 +; emph. עִדָּנָא Daniel 2:8 +; pl. abs. עִדָּנִין Daniel 4:13 +, emph. עִדָּנַיָּא Daniel 2:21;—

in gen., time, as duration Daniel 2:8; Daniel 7:12; involving specif. conditions Daniel 2:9, Daniel 2:21; (point of) time Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:15.

definite time, = year (as mod. Gk. χρόνος, v. EASophocles¹¹⁷³): שִׁבְעָה ע׳ = seven years, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; עִדָּן וְעִדָּנִין וּפְלַג עִדָּן Daniel 7:25 (i.e. 3 ½ years, v. Dr; perhaps read du. for pl., cf. Bev Gunk^{Schöpf. 201}).

עוֹד (Aramaic)

adv. still (BH; S-C^{K 13}; 𝔗^{O Jon.}; Chr-Pal. Schulth ^{143 f.}), Daniel 4:28 עוֹד מִלְּתָא בְּפֻם מַלְכָּא (cf. BH 1 a a).

עוֹף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] fowl (v. BH, √ I. עוּף);—ע׳ abs. Daniel 7:6 wings of a fowl; cstr. Daniel 2:38 coll.

עוּר (Aramaic)

n.[m.] chaff (J.Aram (Talm, rare), Syriac ܥܽܘܪܳܐ; Arabic عُوَّارٌ, عَاىِٔرٌ mote (in eye, tending to cause blindness [עִוֵּר]) according to Arabic Lexx., Lane ²¹⁹⁵);—abs. ע׳ Daniel 2:35 (in sim.).

עֵז (Aramaic)

עֶזְרָא (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. Ezra (BH id.);—Ezra 7:12, Ezra 7:21, Ezra 7:25.

עֲזַרְיָה (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. comrade of Daniel (BH id.; Daniel 1:6 +);—Daniel 2:17, = עֲבֵד נְגוֹ v Daniel 2:49 +.

עֵטָא² (Aramaic)

v. יעט.

עַ֫יִן (Aramaic)

n.f. ^{Ezra 5:5} eye (v. BH I. ע׳);—cstr. עֵין Ezra 5:5 (of God); pl. (K^{§ 51, 1}) of horn, עַיְנִין Daniel 7:8, Daniel 7:20; of man, du. cstr. עַיְנֵי v Daniel 7:8, sf. עַיְנַי Daniel 4:31.

עִיר (Aramaic)

n.m. waking, or wakeful, one, i.e. angel (√ עיר, cf. Syriac ܥܳܪ wake, ܥܺܝܪ waking (PS ²⁸⁴³), JAram עִיר, NH עֵיר adj. awake);—abs. ע׳ Daniel 4:10, Daniel 4:20; pl. abs. עִירִין v Daniel 4:14; Aq Symm. ἐγρήγορος; cf. Charles^{Enoch i, 5; xxxix. 12; also p. 356} Dr^{ad loc.}; doubtful is the connex. with Ph. Zophesemim (Euseb.^{Praep. Evang. 10}), i.e. צפי שמים watchers of heaven, as keeping watch over or spying out (Zim^{KAT3. 629} Jerem^{AT im Licht d. AO 63}).

עַל (Aramaic)

עִלָּה (Aramaic)

v. p. 1106.

עֶלְיוֹן (Aramaic)

adj.id.(BH id.);—pl. of God, קַדִּישֵׁי עֶלְיוֹנִין (double pl., Buhl, as sometimes BH, Ges^{§ 124 q} Kö^{ii. 1. 438 f}) Daniel 7:18, Daniel 7:22, Daniel 7:25, Daniel 7:27.

עַל² (Aramaic)

prep. upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (BH and general Aramaic id.);—sf. 1 s. עֲלַי; 2 ms. עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, Cooke^{No. 77, A 5, 6, B 8}, S-C^{Pap.A 3, B 5 +}), עֲלָךְ, Qr (𝔗 עֲלַךְ, Dalm^{§ 47, 2}) Daniel 3:12 + 6 times Dn, Ezra 7:18; 3 ms. עֲלוֹהִי (so Nab. Palm.; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-C^{A 6 +}) Daniel 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי †Ezra 6:11; 3 fs. עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{D 24}), עֲלַהּ Qr (so 𝔗) †Daniel 4:14; Daniel 5:21; 1 pl. עֲלֵי֥נָא †Ezra 4:12, עֲלֶ֑ינָא Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 mpl. עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nab., CIS ^{ii. 226}; Egyptian Aramaic, S-C^{Pap. F 5, 8 +}) †Ezra 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֹן †Ezra 5:1, Ezra 5:3;—

upon, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:28, Daniel 2:46; Daniel 5:5, Daniel 5:7; Daniel 6:11 + often, Daniel 4:26 עַל־הֵיכַל מַלְכוּתָא (II Samuel 11:2); to be established עַל מַלְכוּתִי Daniel 4:33 (cf. II Chronicles 1:1; BH II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezra 7:24; to trust on, Daniel 3:28; after a vb. of motion, מְטָא עַל to come upon, Daniel 4:21, Daniel 4:25; of times, to pass over, Daniel 4:13, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; Ezra 5:1 בְּשֻׁם אֱלָהּ יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהוֹן i.e. (named) over them.

idiom. (as in BH; v. II. 1 d) of the pers. who is the subj. of an emotion or experience, Daniel 5:9 וְזִיוֹהִי שָׁנַיִן עֲלוֹהִי were changed upon him, Daniel 7:28; Daniel 6:19 וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי (cf. Daniel 2:1).

on acc. of (BH 1 f b), Daniel 3:16 עַל־דְּנָה פִּתְגָּם. So in עַל־דְּנָה on this acc. †Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:22; Ezra 5:17, עַל־מָה wherefore? †Daniel 2:15; and עַל דִּבְרַת דִּי (v. דְּ׳).

on behalf of (ib. 1 f c), Ezra 6:17.

regarding, concerning (ib. 1 f g), Daniel 2:18; Daniel 5:14, Daniel 5:29; Daniel 6:6, Daniel 6:13; Ezra 7:14 + often

over, with vbs. of ruling appointing, etc., Daniel 2:48, Daniel 2:49; Daniel 3:12; Daniel 4:14 +, Ezra 4:20; Ezra 6:18.

in a compar. sense, above, beyond, Daniel 3:19; Daniel 6:4.

expressing direction:

to, of a person, after a vb. of motion (cf. BH 7 c a α), Daniel 2:24; Daniel 4:31, Daniel 4:33; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:16; Ezra 4:12, Ezra 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezra 4:11, Ezra 4:17, Ezra 4:18; Ezra 5:6 +, write Ezra 4:7, prophesy Ezra 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib. 7 c c), Daniel 3:12; Daniel 6:14^(×2) Daniel 6:15; cf. Ezra 5:5 וְעֵין אֱל׳ הֲוַת עַל (cf. Jeremiah 40:4 and אֶל Psalms 34:16).

against, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:29; Daniel 5:23; Daniel 6:5, Daniel 6:6 +; Ezra 4:8; Ezra 7:23.

in such phrases as שְׁפַר עַל, טְאֵב (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Heb.: v. BH 8), Ezra 5:17 אִם עַל מַלְכָּא טָב, Ezra 7:18^(×2); Daniel 4:24 (יִשְׁפַּר), Daniel 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), v Daniel 6:24 (טְאֵב).—Comp. the synopsis of meanings in Lzb ³⁴⁰.

עִלָּה² (Aramaic)

n.f. matter, affair, occasion (Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ, v. BH I. עלל);—abs. ע׳ Daniel 6:5^(×2), Daniel 6:6 (= ground of accusation).

עֲלַל (Aramaic)

vb. go or come in (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH III. עלל);—

Pf. 3 ms. עַל Daniel 2:16; c. עַל pers. v Daniel 2:24; c. לְבַיְתֵהּ Daniel 6:11, so 3 fs. עללת Kt, עַלַּת Qr Daniel 5:10; Pt. עללין Kt, עָלִּין Qr, abs. Daniel 4:4; Daniel 5:8.

bring in, c. קֳדָם pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הַנְעֵל (K^{§ 11, 4. b}; so Egyptian Aramaic, S-C ^{G 6, 7, 24, 27} הנעלת; cf. D^{§ 71. 7; Dial.-Proben, p. 4}); Daniel 2:25 (ל acc. pers.), Daniel 6:19 (acc. rei); Imv. ms. sf. pers., הַעֵלְנִי Daniel 2:24; Inf. לְהַנְעָלָה Daniel 4:3 (ל acc. pers.); no קֳדָם pers., לֶהֶעָלָה Daniel 5:7 (id.).

(W^{CG 225}) be brought, subj. pers. + קֳדָם pers.: Pf. 3 ms. הֻעַל Daniel 5:13, 3 mpl. הֻעַ֫לּוּ v Daniel 5:15.

עָלַם (Aramaic)

n.[m.] perpetuity, antiquity (v. BH III. עלם, עוֹלָם);—ע׳ abs. Daniel 3:33 +, cstr. Daniel 7:18; emph. עָֽלְמָא Daniel 2:20 +; pl. עָֽלְמִין Daniel 2:4 +, emph. עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 2:44; Daniel 7:18;—perpetuity in the future: מַלְכוּת ע׳ Daniel 3:33; Daniel 7:27, cf. Daniel 4:31; Daniel 7:14; ע׳ as adv. for ever Daniel 4:31; עַד־עָֽלְמָא וְעַד־עָלַם עָֽלְמַיָּא Daniel 7:18; pl. לְע׳ for ever Daniel 2:4, Daniel 2:44^(×2); Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22, Daniel 6:27; antiquity, מִן־יוֹמָת עָֽלְמָא Ezra 4:15, Ezra 4:19; of limitless time both past and future: מִן־ע׳ וְעַד־ע׳ Daniel 2:20.

עַם (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Ezra 6:12} people (v. BH I. עמם, עַם);—ע׳ abs. Daniel 2:44; Daniel 3:29; Ezra 6:12, cstr. Daniel 7:27; emph. עַמָּה Ezra 5:12, עַמָּא Ezra 7:13, Ezra 7:16, Ezra 7:25; pl. emph. עַמְמַיָּא (K^{§§ 15 d); 55, 5 a)}) Daniel 3:4, Daniel 3:7^(×2), Daniel 3:31; Daniel 5:19; Daniel 6:26; Daniel 7:14.

עִם (Aramaic)

prep. with (BH עִם: so 𝔗 Syriac (ܥܰܡ) and general Aramaic);—sf. עִמִּי †Daniel 3:32, עִמָּךְ †Ezra 7:13, עִמֵּהּ †Daniel 2:22, עִמְּהוֹן †Ezra 5:2;—

together with, Daniel 2:18, Daniel 2:43; Daniel 7:13 עִם־עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא, Ezra 5:2 +; whose dwelling, portion, etc., is with Daniel 2:11, Daniel 2:22; Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21.

to speak with Daniel 6:22, to make war with Daniel 7:21; to do with (= towards) Daniel 3:22 דִּי עֲבַד עִמִּי (cf. Psalms 86:17), cf. Ezra 6:8; שַׁוִּי עִם to make like to Daniel 5:21.

of time, Daniel 3:33 = Daniel 4:31 עִם־דָּר וְדָר (co-exists) with all generations (cf. BH 1 g); Daniel 7:2 עִם־לֵילְיָא during the night.

עֲנָה (Aramaic)

vb. answer (v. BH I. עָנָה);—

Pf. 3 fs. עֲנַת Daniel 5:10; 3 mpl. עֲנוֹ Daniel 2:7 +; Pt. act. (עֲנָה Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1021}) עָנֵה Daniel 2:5 +, pl. עָנַיִן (K^{§ 47 Beisp. ε)}) Daniel 3:24;—always + אמר Pt., answered and said (ל [or קֳדָם] pers. usually foll. אמר; foll. ע׳ Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27, Daniel 2:47):—

answer, make reply, to something said: Daniel 2:5, Daniel 2:7, Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:10, Daniel 2:27; Daniel 3:16, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:25; Daniel 4:16 b; Daniel 5:17; Daniel 6:13, Daniel 6:14.

respond to occasion, speak in view of a situation: Daniel 2:15, Daniel 2:20, Daniel 2:26, Daniel 2:47; Daniel 3:9, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:19, Daniel 3:24, Daniel 3:26, Daniel 3:28; Daniel 4:16 a, Daniel 4:27; Daniel 5:7, Daniel 5:10, Daniel 5:13; Daniel 6:17, Daniel 6:21; Daniel 7:2.

עֵז² (Aramaic)

n.[f.] (she-)goat;—pl. עִזִּין Ezra 6:17.

עֲנָן (Aramaic)

n.[m.

עֳפִי (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 4:9} leafage, foliage;—sf. עָפְיֵהּ Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:18.

עִקַּר (Aramaic)

(< ר—ָ K^{§ 59 c)}) n.[m.] root, stock (√ עקר, v. BH, and, on meaning of √, Schwally^{ZMG iii (1898), 140});—cstr. ע׳ שָׁרְשׁ֫וֹהִי Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:23.

עָר (Aramaic)

עֲרַב (Aramaic)

vb. mix (𝔗 (often); Syriac (rare); v. BH I. ערב);—

Pt. pass. מְעָרַב mixed with (ב) Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43.

Pt. id.: מִתְעָרַב v Daniel 2:43 (עִם), pl. -רֲבִין v Daniel 2:43 (ב).

עֲרָד (Aramaic)

n.m. wild ass (𝔗 Syriac; √ ערד, perhaps = Arabic غرد give a cry Nö^{SBWAk. cxlii. v. II. 1900}, v. BH עָרוֹד as loan-word (K^{Aramaismen 72}, but dub. Nö^{ZMG lvii (1903), 413}));—pl.emph. עֲרָדַיָּא Daniel 5:21.

עָר² (Aramaic)

n. m. foe (cf. JAram. עֲרָר objection; on dub. BH עָר v. p. 786);—pl. sf. עריך Kt (K^{§ 53 Anm. b)}), עָרָךְ Qr Daniel 4:16.

עֲשַׂר (Aramaic)

n. m. et f. a ten (v. BH);—m. (foll. n.f.) Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:20, Daniel 7:24; f. (before n.m.) v Daniel 7:24; תְּרֵי עֲשַׂר = twelve (foll. n.m.) Daniel 4:26 Ezra 6:17.

עֲשִׁת (Aramaic)

(K^{§§ 38, 1 α); 17, 2 Anm. 2}) vb. think, plan (BH II. עשׁת (q.v.) as Aramaism; 𝔗 אִתְעַשֵּׁת, not Syriac);—Pf. 3 ms. (strictly Pt. pass. Nö^{GGA 1884, 1019; Syriac Gr. § 280} M ^78*) ע׳ Daniel 6:4, sq. inf., plan to do so and so.

עַתִּיק (Aramaic)

adj. advanced, aged (BH (as Aramaism), √ עתק, q.v.);—cstr. (-מַיָּא) ע׳ יוֹמִין one advanced, aged, in days Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:13, Daniel 7:22 (cf. Syriac ܥܰܬܻܝܩ ܝܰܘ݇ܡܳܬܳܐ Ecclus 25:4 al., PS ³⁰¹¹).

עֵדָה

n.f. congregation (proposes company assembled together by appointment, or acting concertedly)—ע׳ Numbers 16:2 + 85 times; cstr. עֲדַת Exodus 12:3 + 52 times; sf. עֲדָתִי Job 16:7 + 9 times sfs.;—

עֲדַת־אֵל Psalms 82:1 congregation of Ēl, of company of angels (‖ בקרב אלהים); ע׳ לְאֻמִּים Psalms 7:8 congregation of peoples; ע׳ צַדִּיקִים Psalms 1:5 congregation of the righteous; ‖ סוֹד יְשָׁרִים Psalms 111:1; ‖ קהל Proverbs 5:14; כָּל־עֲדָתִי Job 16:7 (of Job’s circle of dependents); in a bad sense, ע׳ מְרֵעִים company of evil doers Psalms 22:17; ע׳ עריצים Psalms 86:14; ע׳ חנף Job 15:34; ע׳ קֹרַח company of Korah Numbers 26:9; Numbers 27:3 (P), so עֲדָתוֹ, עֲדָֽתְךָ Numbers 16:5, Numbers 16:6, Numbers 16:11, Numbers 16:16; Numbers 17:5 (P), and הָעֵדָה Numbers 26:10; Numbers 27:3 (P); ע׳ אֲבִירָם Psalms 106:17, cf. v Psalms 106:18.

pack of animals ע׳ אַבִּירִים Psalms 68:31 (fig. of nobles); ע׳ דְּבֹרִים Judges 14:8 a swarm of bees.

elsewhere of Israel Hosea 7:12 עֲדָתָם i.e. the whole assemblage of them; I Kings 8:5 (= II Chronicles 5:6) כל עדת ישׂ׳ of those gathered to Sol.; I Kings 12:20 העדה of assembly at Shechem; Jeremiah 6:18 (text very dub.); עֲדָתוֹ Jeremiah 30:20 of restored people; עֲדָֽתְךָ Psalms 74:2 (‖ שׁכט נחלתך); elsewhere in P, except possibly Numbers 20:11 (R), in technical sense, of the company of Israel of the Exodus, the congregation (115 times), especially in the phrases †ע׳ יהוה Numbers 27:17; Numbers 31:16 Joshua 22:16, Joshua 22:17; †ע׳ ישׂראל Exodus 12:3, Exodus 12:6, Exodus 12:19, Exodus 12:47 Leviticus 4:13 Numbers 16:9; Numbers 32:4 Joshua 22:18, Joshua 22:20; †ע׳ בני ישׂראל Exodus 16:1, Exodus 16:2, Exodus 16:9, Exodus 16:10; Exodus 17:1; Exodus 35:1, Exodus 35:4, Exodus 35:20 Leviticus 16:5; Leviticus 19:2 (H), Numbers 1:2, Numbers 1:53; Numbers 8:9, Numbers 8:20; Numbers 13:26; Numbers 14:5, Numbers 14:7; Numbers 15:25, Numbers 15:26; Numbers 17:6; Numbers 19:9; Numbers 25:6; Numbers 26:2; Numbers 27:20; Numbers 31:12 Joshua 18:1; Joshua 22:12; הָעֵדָה Leviticus 8:4 + 29 times (cf. Judges 20:1; Judges 21:10); כל־הע׳ Leviticus 8:3 + 33 times (cf. Judges 21:13); †נְשִׂיאֵי (ה)ע׳ princes of the congregation Exodus 16:22; Numbers 4:34; Numbers 16:2; Numbers 31:13; Numbers 32:2; Joshua 9:15, Joshua 9:18; Joshua 22:30; כָּל־הַנְּשִׂאִים בָּע׳ Exodus 34:31; זִקְנֵי הע׳ elders of the congregation Leviticus 4:15 (cf. Judges 21:16); ראשׁי אבות הע׳ Numbers 31:26. ii & iii עֵדָה v. עוד.

עֵצָה

n.f. counsel, advice ( = (יְ)עֵצָה)—ע׳ Judges 20:7 + 28 times; cstr. עֲצַת Isaiah 5:19 + 33 times; sf. עֲצָתִי Proverbs 1:25 + 5 times (+ Isaiah 46:11 Qr; Kt עצתו better); עֲצָֽתְךָ Psalms 20:5; Psalms 73:24; עֲצָתוֹ Hosea 10:6 + 7 times (incl. Isaiah 46:10 Kt v. supr.); עֲצָתָם Jeremiah 18:23 + 4 times; pl. עֵצוֹת Deuteronomy 32:28 + 2 times; עֲצָתָ֑יִךְ Isaiah 47:13;—counsel, advice II Samuel 15:31, II Samuel 15:34; II Samuel 16:23^(×2); II Samuel 17:14^(×3), II Samuel 17:23 I Kings 12:8, I Kings 12:13, I Kings 12:14 = II Chronicles 10:8, II Chronicles 10:13, II Chronicles 10:14, II Chronicles 22:5; II Chronicles 25:16; Ezra 10:3 (where read ע׳ אֲדֹנִי Reuss Ry), v Ezra 10:8 Job 29:21; political consultation Isaiah 47:13; as acc. cogn. II Samuel 17:7; I Kings 1:12; Isaiah 8:10; Ezekiel 11:2 (עצת־רָע, ‖ אָוֶן); c. הָב֫וּ give counsel Judges 20:7; II Samuel 16:20; חֵבִיא ע׳ Isaiah 16:3; עשׂה ע׳ Isaiah 30:1; אָשִׁית עֵצוֹת בְּנַפְשִׁי Psalms 13:3; = design, purpose Ezra 4:5; Nehemiah 4:9; I Chronicles 12:20 (Baer), Psalms 14:6; Psalms 20:5; Jeremiah 18:23 (sq. עַל = against), Jeremiah 49:30 (‖ מַחֲשָׁבָה); עֲצַת־גּוֹיִם Psalms 33:10; suitable counsel for war (= generalship) II Kings 18:20 = Isaiah 36:5 (cf. Proverbs 20:18 infr.); also עֲצַת שָׁלוֹם Zechariah 6:13 counsel of peace; practical wisdom, sagacity Isaiah 19:3, cf. v Isaiah 19:11, Jeremiah 19:7 Deuteronomy 32:28 (‖ תְּבוּנָה) Hosea 10:6. Especially in WisdLt and proph.; counsel = good counsel, wisdom Job 38:2; Job 42:3; Proverbs 12:5; Proverbs 20:5 (its seat בְּלֶב־אִישׁ) ‖ תּוּשִׁיָּה Proverbs 8:14; Isaiah 28:29 (of י׳); ‖ חָכְמָה Jeremiah 49:7; ‖ חָכְמָה and תְּבוּנָה Job 12:13 Proverbs 21:30; ‖ מוּסָר Proverbs 19:20; ‖ תַּחְבֻּלוֹת Proverbs 20:18 (cf. Isaiah 36:5 supr.); ע׳ נִפְתָּלִים Job 5:13; רוּחַ ע׳ וּגְבוּרָה Isaiah 11:2 (‖ ר׳ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה); hearty counsel ע׳ נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 27:9; counsel of wisdom, when wisdom is personif. Proverbs 1:25, Proverbs 1:30 (‖ תּוֹכַחַת); in bad sense ע׳ רשׁעים Job 10:3; Job 21:16; Job 22:18; Psalms 1:1, cf. Job 18:7 Psalms 106:43 Isaiah 29:15; of plan of י׳; ע׳ י׳ Psalms 33:11; Proverbs 19:21; Isaiah 19:17; Isaiah 14:26 (הע׳ הַיְּעוּצָה), Isaiah 25:1; Isaiah 46:10, Isaiah 46:11; ע׳ קדושׁ ישׂראל Isaiah 5:19; also Micah 4:12; Jeremiah 32:19 (גְּדֹל הָעֵצָה), Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45 Psalms 106:13; ע׳ עֶלְיוֹן Psalms 107:11; instruction, guiding wisdom of י׳ Psalms 73:24; אִישׁ־עֲצָתוֹ i.e. counsellor of י׳ Isaiah 40:13; in fig. אַנְשֵׁי עֲצָתִי Psalms 119:24 = my counsellors, said of testimonies of God; = prophecy, ע׳ מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26 (‖ דְּבַר עַבְדּוֹ); תֹּאבַד ע׳ מִזְּקִנִים Ezekiel 7:26 (cf. I Kings 12:8; ‖ חָזוֹן, תּוֹרָה), מֵחָכָם Jeremiah 18:18 (‖ דָּבָר, תּוֹרָה).

עָב

[עֹב] n.m. archit. term, meaning unknown; projecting roof is conjectured (Sm Co Berthol); others landing (Da); AV RV thick beam or plank, RVm threshold; Benz Kit Toy leave untranslated; in any case a structure of wood;—abs. וְעַסֻּדִים וְעָב I Kings 7:6; appar. cstr. וְעָב עֵץ אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאוּלָם מֵהַחוּץ Ezekiel 41:25; pl. (si vera l.) הָעֻבִּים v Ezekiel 41:26.

עָב²

v. עוּב.

עָבַד

vb. work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nab. Palm. (often), Lzb^{331 f.} Cook⁸⁶, so 𝔗 עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n.pr.), 𝔗 עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ id.; Assyrian abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. We^{Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141}, ii. enslave; عَبْدٌ slave, worshipper; Sab. עבד id. DHM^{Sudar. Alt. p. 18}; Gerber^{Verb. Denom.14 ff.} thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., cf. also Nö^{ZMG xi (1886), 741});—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ezekiel 29:18 +; sf. עֲבָדוֹ Malachi 3:18 +; 3 mpl. עָֽבְדוּ Deuteronomy 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Numbers 4:26, + 64 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹד Genesis 25:23 +; sf. יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Exodus 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Psalms 22:31 II Kings 10:18; 3 mpl. יַעַבְדוּ Deuteronomy 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Genesis 15:14 (Dr^{§ 103}) Job 36:11; 2 mpl. תַּעַבְדוּן Exodus 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Joshua 24:15, + 99 times Impf.; (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם v. Hoph.); Imv. עֲבֹד I Samuel 26:19; sf. עָבְדֵהוּ I Chronicles 28:9; עִבְדוּ Exodus 5:18 + 15 times; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 20:39; sf. עִבְדֻהוּ I Samuel 7:3; Inf. cstr. עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10; sf. עָבְדוֹ Jeremiah 27:6 +, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵד Genesis 4:2 +; pl. עֹבְדִים Numbers 18:21 +; cstr. עֹבְדֵי Psalms 97:7 +; sf. עֹבְדָיו II Kings 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zechariah 2:13;—

labour, work, do work: abs. Exodus 20:9 = Exodus 34:21 = Deuteronomy 5:13 (4th word); Exodus 5:18 (E) Ecclesiastes 5:11; c. acc. rei, till the ground Genesis 2:5; Genesis 3:23; Genesis 4:2, Genesis 4:12 (J), II Samuel 9:10; Isaiah 30:24; Jeremiah 27:11; Zechariah 13:5; Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 28:19; obj. om. Deuteronomy 15:19; Ezekiel 48:19; vineyard Deuteronomy 28:39; garden Genesis 2:15 (J); עֹבְדֵי פִשְׁתִּים Isaiah 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(י) הָעִיר Ezekiel 48:18, Ezekiel 48:19 labourers of the city; ע׳ עֲבֹדָתוֹ Isaiah 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖ עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); ע׳ עבדה על Ezekiel 29:18 serve a military service against.

work for another, serve him by labour: abs. Exodus 21:2 (E); c. acc. pers. Genesis 29:15; Genesis 31:6; Exodus 21:6 (E) Deuteronomy 15:12, Deuteronomy 15:18; Malachi 3:17; Jeremiah 34:14, king his people I Kings 12:7; subj. animals Jeremiah 27:6; Job 39:9; c. acc. pers. et rei Genesis 30:26^(×2), Genesis 30:29 (J); c. לְ pers. II Samuel 16:19; עִם Genesis 29:25, Genesis 29:30 (E) Leviticus 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Genesis 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי II Samuel 16:19^(×2); c. בְּ of price Genesis 29:18, Genesis 29:20, Genesis 29:25; Genesis 31:41 (E) Hosea 12:13; Ezekiel 29:20; c. בְּ pers. work by means of another, use him as slave, Exodus 1:14; Leviticus 25:39, Leviticus 25:46 (P) Jeremiah 22:13; Jeremiah 30:8; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10; cf. Deuteronomy 15:19.

serve as subjects: usually c. acc., their own rulers Judges 9:28^(×2), Judges 9:38 I Samuel 11:1; I Kings 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute Psalms 18:44 = II Samuel 22:44; Jeremiah 27:7; Jeremiah 28:14; II Kings 25:24 +, other nations II Samuel 10:19; Jeremiah 40:9; Zechariah 2:13 +, kings other kings II Kings 18:7 +, c. לְ, I Samuel 4:9^(×2); †מַס עֹבֵד Genesis 49:15 (J) Joshua 16:10; I Kings 9:21 (see מַס); †c. בְּ pers., work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Jeremiah 25:14; Jeremiah 27:7; Ezekiel 34:27.

serve God:

c. acc. י׳, Exodus 3:12; Exodus 4:23; Exodus 7:16, Exodus 7:26 (JE), Psalms 22:31; Job 21:15; Malachi 3:14 +; c. acc. pers. et rei Exodus 10:26 (E); acc. pers. om., Jeremiah 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Isaiah 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Exodus 13:5 (of מַצֹּת).

other gods, c. acc. א׳ †Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 12:2, Deuteronomy 12:30 †; אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 7:4; Deuteronomy 8:19; Deuteronomy 11:16; Deuteronomy 13:7, Deuteronomy 13:14; Deuteronomy 17:3; Deuteronomy 28:14, Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:25; Deuteronomy 30:17; Deuteronomy 31:20; Joshua 23:16; Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:16; Judges 2:19; Judges 10:13; I Samuel 8:8; I Samuel 26:19; I Kings 9:6, I Kings 9:9; II Kings 17:35; II Chronicles 7:19, II Chronicles 7:22; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 13:10; Jeremiah 16:11, Jeremiah 16:13; Jeremiah 22:9; Jeremiah 25:6; Jeremiah 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Deuteronomy 29:17; זָרִים Jeremiah 5:19; †כל צבא השׁמים Deuteronomy 4:19; II Kings 21:3; II Chronicles 33:3; Jeremiah 8:2; †הבעל(ים) Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Judges 10:6, Judges 10:10; I Samuel 12:10; I Kings 16:31; I Kings 22:54; II Kings 10:18^(×2), II Kings 10:19^(×2), II Kings 10:21, II Kings 10:22, II Kings 10:23^(×2); II Kings 17:16; †אלהי נֵכָר Joshua 24:20; Jeremiah 5:19; †(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים II Kings 17:12; II Kings 21:21^(×2) Ezekiel 20:39; †האשׁרים II Chronicles 24:18; עצבים Psalms 106:36; †פסיל(ים) II Chronicles 33:22; II Kings 17:41; פסל Psalms 97:7; c. לְ, †לבעל Judges 2:13; †לאלהים אחרים Jeremiah 44:3.

serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; cf. RS^{Sem i. 69}): c. acc. עבד עֲבֹדָה (v. עֲבֹדָה) Numbers 3:7, Numbers 3:8; Numbers 4:23, Numbers 4:30, Numbers 4:47; Numbers 7:5; Numbers 8:11, Numbers 8:19, Numbers 8:22, Numbers 8:26; Numbers 16:9; Numbers 18:6, Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:23; Joshua 22:27; acc. om. Numbers 4:24, Numbers 4:26, Numbers 4:37, Numbers 4:41; Numbers 8:15 (but Sam 𝔊 עבדה), v Numbers 8:25 Numbers 18:7.

Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ecclesiastes 5:8; 2 mpl. נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ezekiel 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָבֵד Deuteronomy 21:4; 3 fs. תֵּעָבֵד Ezekiel 36:34;—

be tilled, of land Deuteronomy 21:4; Ez Ezekiel 36:9, Ezekiel 36:34.

Ecclesiastes 5:8 מֶלָךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד dub.: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De: v. Comm., especially De.

Pf. 3 ms. עֻבַּד Deuteronomy 21:3; Isaiah 14:3; pass. of Qal, c. בְּ: impers. Deuteronomy 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Isaiah 14:3.

Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיד Ezekiel 29:18; 2 ms. sf. הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ v Isaiah 43:23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Jeremiah 17:4 Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵד II Chronicles 34:33; 3 mpl. יַעֲבִדוּ Exodus 1:13; Inf. cstr. הַעֲבִיד II Chronicles 2:17; Pt. pl. מַעֲבִדִים Exodus 6:5;—

compel to labour as slaves Exodus 1:13; Exodus 6:5 (P) II Chronicles 2:17, + Genesis 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), II Samuel 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד, + בְּ at; on both these v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army’s service against, c. acc. + (על)אל Ezekiel 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Isaiah 43:23, Isaiah 43:24 (perhaps play on meanings2, 3).

make to serve as subjects, c. 2 acc. Jeremiah 17:4, + Jeremiah 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ, v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.).

cause to serve God II Chronicles 34:33.

Impf. 2 ms. sf. תָּֽעָבְדֵם Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; 1 pl. sf. נָֽעָבְדֵם Deuteronomy 13:3 (Kö^{i. 259} Sta^{§ 549 g} Thes; < Nes^{Marg. 12 f.} Qal anom. pointed (cf. W^{AG. ed. 2, i. 62 n.} Fl ^{Kl. Schr. i. 98}); Ges^{§ 60, R. 1} Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 23:24; Deuteronomy 13:3.

עֶ֫בֶד

n.m. slave, servant (on format. Lag^{BN 77});—ע׳ Genesis 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; sf. עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; pl. עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +; sf. עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.;—

slave, servant of household Genesis 39:17, Genesis 39:19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖ אמה Exodus 20:10 Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; ‖ שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14; עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25; †בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:14; Exodus 20:2 (R^D) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6, Deuteronomy 13:11 Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8 Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4; †וזכרת כי עבד היית מצרים (ארץ)ב and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18, Deuteronomy 24:22; king of Babylon is slave to י׳ Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; fig. of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19.

Subjects, of chief Genesis 26:15, Genesis 26:19, Genesis 26:25, Genesis 26:32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17^(×2) +; of king Genesis 21:25 Exodus 7:28, Exodus 7:29; I Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +; vassal kings II Samuel 10:19; tributary nations II Samuel 8:2, II Samuel 8:6, II Samuel 8:14 = I Chronicles 18:2, I Chronicles 18:6, I Chronicles 18:13; specif. officers of king I Samuel 19:1; I Samuel 21:8; II Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; ע׳ שָׁאוּל I Samuel 16:17; I Samuel 18:22; I Samuel 28:7; ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ I Kings 1:47 Est Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ II Kings 22:12 = II Chronicles 34:20 (a court official); opp. שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22; ambassadors Numbers 22:18 II Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army I Samuel 17:8; I Samuel 25:10; II Samuel 2:12, + officers of army I Samuel 29:3; I Kings 11:26; II Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9.

Servants, worshippers, of God: †עַבְדֵי יהוה II Kings 9:7; II Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, cf. Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalms 135:14, Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14 Psalms 34:23; Psalms 69:37 Nehemiah 2:20; ‖ עַמּוֹ Psalms 105:25 cf. Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָדַי Isaiah 65:8, Isaiah 65:9, Isaiah 65:13^(×3), Isaiah 65:14; עֲבָדֶיךָ I Kings 8:23; Isaiah 63:17 (‖ שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Psalms 89:51; Psalms 90:13, Psalms 90:16; Psalms 102:15, Psalms 102:29; Psalms 119:91, Psalms 79:2, Psalms 79:10 (‖ חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Leviticus 25:42, Leviticus 25:55^(×2); Leviticus 26:13 (P); עַבְדְּךָ Psalms 119:125; Psalms 143:2, ‖ בֶּן־אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 86:16; Psalms 116:16^(×2); specif. angels Job 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 (J) Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 (J) Psalms 105:6, Psalms 105:42; Isaac Genesis 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25 I Chronicles 16:13; Moses †Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 (J) Numbers 12:7, Numbers 12:8 (E) Deuteronomy 34:5 (?) Joshua 1:1, Joshua 1:2, Joshua 1:7, Joshua 1:13, Joshua 1:15; Joshua 8:31, Joshua 8:33; Joshua 9:24; Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:15; Joshua 12:6^(×2); Joshua 13:8; Joshua 14:7; Joshua 22:2, Joshua 22:4, Joshua 22:5 (all D), I Kings 8:53, I Kings 8:56; II Kings 18:12; II Kings 21:8; I Chronicles 6:34; II Chronicles 1:3; II Chronicles 24:6, II Chronicles 24:9; Nehemiah 1:8; Nehemiah 9:14; Nehemiah 10:30 Psalms 105:26 Malachi 3:22 Daniel 9:11; Joshua †Joshua 24:29 (E) Judges 2:8; Caleb †Numbers 14:24 (J); Job †Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7, Job 42:8^(×3); David II Samuel 3:18; II Samuel 7:5, II Samuel 7:8, II Samuel 7:26 + 27 times; Hezekiah †II Chronicles 32:16; Zerubbabel †Haggai 2:23; Eliakim †Isaiah 22:20.—The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8 cf. Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br^{MP 442 ff.}).

servant of י׳, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Psalms 113:1; Psalms 134:1; Psalms 135:1; usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets II Kings 9:7; II Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים II Kings 17:23; II Kings 21:10; II Kings 24:2; Jeremiah 25:4; Amos 3:7; Daniel 9:10; עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Daniel 9:6; specif. Ahia I Kings 14:18; I Kings 15:29; Elijah II Kings 9:36; II Kings 10:10; Jonah II Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֹ, ‖ מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26; as one calling to fear י׳ Isaiah 50:10.

Israel as a people is servant of י׳: יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8, Isaiah 41:9; Isaiah 44:21^(×2); Isaiah 49:3 Psalms 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1, Isaiah 44:2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27, Jeremiah 46:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, ‖ מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19^(×2); and chosen as witness of י׳ Isaiah 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (cf. v Isaiah 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isaiah 49:5, Isaiah 49:6, Isaiah 49:7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contr. with the actual; al. of personif. ‖ with Zion the wife and mother, disting. from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isaiah 53) of an actual proph. known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, v. Mt 8:16, 17; 12:16–21 Lk 4:17–22 Phil 2:5–11]; see De Is ii. 174 Da^{Expos. 1884, 358 ff.} Di Du Che al. on Isaiah 42, Isaiah 53, Dr ^{Is 168 ff.} Br^{MP 345 ff.}, also Gie^{Beitr. 146 ff.} Berthol ^{Is 53}.

In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews used עַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1 pers. sing., I, Genesis 18:3; I Samuel 20:7, I Samuel 20:8^(×2) II Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11; also עַבְדּוֹ his servant = I, I Samuel 26:18, I Samuel 26:19; II Samuel 14:22; II Samuel 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; I Samuel 3:9, I Samuel 3:10; I Samuel 25:39; II Samuel 24:10 Psalms 19:12, Psalms 19:14; Psalms 27:9; Psalms 31:17; Psalms 35:27; Psalms 69:18; Psalms 109:28; Psalms 143:2 +.

Phrases are: †עבד (היה), c. לְ pers., become servant to Genesis 9:26, Genesis 9:27; Genesis 44:10, Genesis 44:16, Genesis 44:17, Genesis 44:33; Genesis 47:19, Genesis 47:25 (J) Deuteronomy 6:21; Deuteronomy 15:17; II Samuel 8:14; II Kings 17:3; II Kings 24:1; I Chronicles 18:2, I Chronicles 18:6, I Chronicles 18:13; II Chronicles 10:7; Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 12:9; Proverbs 22:7; †היה לעבד, c. לְ pers., Genesis 44:9 (J) Genesis 50:18 (E) I Samuel 8:17; I Samuel 17:9^(×2); I Samuel 27:12 II Samuel 8:2, II Samuel 8:6; Jeremiah 34:16; †כבשׁ לעבדים II Chronicles 28:10 Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 (J) II Kings 4:1; Job 40:28.

עֶ֫בֶד²

n.pr.m. (servant of God = עַבְדְּאֵל);—

father of Gaal Judges 9:26, Judges 9:28, Judges 9:30, Judges 9:31, Judges 9:35 (GFM, after Hollenb^{ThLz 1891, 371} [cf. Bu^{Ib. 1892, 63}] עֹבֵד, as 𝔊L; v. also Gray^{Prop. N. 184, 272}); 𝔊 Ιωβηλ, A 𝔊L Αβεδ.

a companion of Ezra Ezra 8:6; 𝔊 Ωβηθ, 𝔊L Αμιναδαβ.—For list of Arabic names beginning with عبد v. Nö^{ZMG xli (1887), 724 ff.}, cf. also id.^{ib. xlii (1888), 486} We^{Heid. 2, 2 ff.}

עוֹבֵד

n.pr.m. (worshipper; cf. Sab. עבד Os²² and DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 14};—

son of Boaz and Ruth Ruth 4:17, v Ruth 4:21 = I Chronicles 2:12; Ruth 4:22 (only here עֹבֵד) = I Chronicles 2:12, 𝔖 Ωβηδ.

names in Judah, 𝔊 Ωβηδ:

I Chronicles 2:37, I Chronicles 2:38.

II Chronicles 23:1.)

a mighty man of David I Chronicles 11:47, 𝔊 Ιωβηθ, A Ιωβηδ.

a doorkeeper I Chronicles 26:7, 𝔊 Ωβηδ.

עֲבֵד נְגוֹ

n.pr.m. (servant of (God) Nebo, נְגוֹ being corrupt (intent. or unintent.) for נבוֹ (q.v.), COT Daniel 1:7 Bev Daniel 1:7);—Babylonian name of Azariah, one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:7 (v. also Biblical Aramaic); 𝔊 Theod Αβδεναγω.

עַבְדָּא

n.pr.m. (servant of י׳ (= עֹבַדְיָה I Chronicles 9:16 = Nehemiah 11:17), but form dub., v. 𝔊);—

father of Adoniram I Kings 4:6; 𝔊 Εφρα, A Αβαω,𝔊L Εδραμ.

a Levite Nehemiah 11:17; 𝔊 Ωβηβ, A Ιωβηβ, 𝔊L Αβδιας.

עַבְדְּאֵל

n.pr.m. (servant of Ēl, cf. עַבְדִּיאֵל) name in Judah Jeremiah 36:26; 𝔊 Εσ(δ)ριηλ.

עֲבֹדָה

and (Chr) עֲבוֹדָה ₁₄₅ n.f. labour, service (on format. v. Lag^{BN 179} Ba^{NB 61});—ע׳ Exodus 1:14 + 41 times; cstr. עֲבֹדַת Exodus 30:16¹⁶ + 43 times; sf. עֲבֹדָתִי Genesis 30:26 + 33 times sfs.; in Chr עֲבוֹדָה I Chronicles 28:14 + 7 times; cstr. עֲבוֹדַת I Chronicles 6:33³³ + 13 times; sf. עֲבוֹדָתִי II Chronicles 12:8; עֲבוֹדָתָם I Chronicles 6:17; II Chronicles 31:16;—

†labour, work, Psalms 104:23²³; in the field Exodus 1:14; I Chronicles 27:26, prob. Nehemiah 10:38 (עָרֵי ע׳), Psalms 104:14¹⁴ (עֵשֶׂב לע׳); in fine linen I Chronicles 4:21; in erection of tabernacle Exodus 35:24; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:3, Exodus 36:5; Exodus 39:42 (P); in repairing temple II Chronicles 34:13^(×2); כל מלאכת עבדה לא תעשׂוּ ye shall do no laborious work Leviticus 23:7, Leviticus 23:8, Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:25, Leviticus 23:35, Leviticus 23:36; Numbers 28:18, Numbers 28:25, Numbers 28:26; Numbers 29:1, Numbers 29:12, Numbers 29:35 (P); fig. of man, ע׳ הַצְּדָקָה Isaiah 32:17 (‖ מַעֲשֵׂה הַצּ׳); of God’s work of judgment Isaiah 28:21^(×2).

labour of servant or slave: of Jacob for Laban Genesis 29:27; Genesis 30:26 (JE); ע׳ עֶבֶד of bondservant Leviticus 25:39 (P); of the Nethinim Ezra 8:20; service of things, vessels of tabernacle and temple Numbers 4:26, Numbers 4:32 (P), I Chronicles 9:28; I Chronicles 28:14^(×2), I Chronicles 28:15.

labour, service of captives or subjects: of Israel in Egypt Exodus 1:14; Exodus 2:23^(×2) (P), Exodus 5:11 (E), Exodus 6:6 (P); כבד(ה) הע׳ Exodus 5:9 (E), Nehemiah 5:18; ע׳ קשׁה Exodus 1:14; Exodus 6:9 (P), Deuteronomy 26:6; I Kings 12:4 = II Chronicles 10:4; Isaiah 14:3; מֵרֹב ע׳ Lamentations 1:3; ע׳ ממלכוֹת II Chronicles 12:8; ע׳ המלך I Chronicles 26:30; ע׳ אדניהם Nehemiah 3:5; military service Ezekiel 29:18^(×2).

service of God, in P Chr Ez: by people Joshua 22:27 (P) II Chronicles 12:8, feast of passover Exodus 12:25, Exodus 12:26; II Chronicles 35:10, II Chronicles 35:16, unleavened bread Exodus 13:5; Levites and priests Numbers 4:19, Numbers 4:49; Numbers 8:11; I Chronicles 24:3, I Chronicles 24:19; II Chronicles 8:14; II Chronicles 31:16; ע׳ מתנה Numbers 18:7; Levites Exodus 38:21; Numbers 4:24, Numbers 4:27^(×2), Numbers 4:28, Numbers 4:33, Numbers 4:47^(×2); Numbers 7:7, Numbers 7:8; Numbers 8:26; Numbers 18:21; I Chronicles 6:17; II Chronicles 31:2; c. בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד v Numbers 4:4, Numbers 4:23, Numbers 4:31, Numbers 4:33, Numbers 4:35, Numbers 4:39, Numbers 4:43; Numbers 8:19, Numbers 8:22; Numbers 18:31; אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד Exodus 30:16; Numbers 4:30; Numbers 7:5; Numbers 8:24; Numbers 18:4, Numbers 18:6, Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:23, cf. Exodus 35:21; Numbers 7:5; (ה)מִשְׁכָּן Exodus 39:32, Exodus 39:40; Numbers 3:7, Numbers 3:8; Numbers 16:9; I Chronicles 6:33, cf. Exodus 27:19; Numbers 3:36; I Chronicles 23:26; ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Numbers 7:9, cf. Numbers 3:31; of its court v Numbers 3:26; more specif. ע׳ משׂא Numbers 4:47; צבא הע׳ Numbers 8:25; ע׳ בית י׳ (ה)אלהים I Chronicles 23:24, I Chronicles 23:28, I Chronicles 23:32; I Chronicles 25:6; I Chronicles 28:13^(×2), I Chronicles 28:21^(×2); I Chronicles 29:7; II Chronicles 29:35; II Chronicles 31:21; II Chronicles 35:2; Nehemiah 10:33; מלאכת ע׳ בית האלהים I Chronicles 9:13; I Chronicles 28:20; II Chronicles 24:12; מעשׂה ע׳ I Chronicles 23:28; its service Ezekiel 44:14; I Chronicles 9:19; specif. service of Levit. singers I Chronicles 25:1^(×2), and doorkeepers I Chronicles 26:8; II Chronicles 35:15.

עַבְדּוֹן

n.pr. I. n.pr.m.

a judge Judges 12:13, Judges 12:15, 𝔊 Αβδων, A 𝔊L Λαβδω(μ); (Ew cp. בְּדָן I Samuel 12:11, but read בָּרָק, v. בְּדָן supr.).

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:23, 𝔊 Αβαδων, A 𝔊L Αβδων.

son of Jehiel a Gibeonite I Chronicles 8:30; I Chronicles 9:36; 𝔊 Αβαλων, Σαβαδων, A Αβδων, Σαβδων, 𝔊L Αβδων.

son of Micah II Chronicles 34:20, 𝔊 Αβδοδομ, A 𝔊L Αβδων (= עַכְבּוֹר II Kings 22:12). II. n.pr.loc. Levitical city in Asher Joshua 21:30; I Chronicles 6:59, 𝔊 Δαββων, Αβαραν, A 𝔊L Αβδων (I Chronicles 6:20 Codd. read עַבְדֹּן Joshua 19:28 for עֶבְרֹן), ʿAbde, Guérin ^{Gal 2:37} cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 230}.

עַבְדִּי

n.pr.m. (= עֹבַדְיָה servant of Yah; v. however, Gray^{Prop. N. 149 ff.} and cf. Old Aramaic עבדו, Nab.Palm. עבדי Lzb^{333, 334} Cook⁸⁷);—

a Levite I Chronicles 6:29; II Chronicles 29:12; 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ι, 𝔊L 1 Ch Αβδια.

one with a foreign wife Ezra 10:26; 𝔊 Αβδε(ι)α.

עַבְדִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (servant of Ēl; on this and foll. cf. Ph. עבדאלם, Nab. עבדאלהא, Sin. עבדאלהי, etc., Lzb³³² Cook⁸⁷; Sab. עבדלת = [עבדאלת] Hal¹⁶⁸ DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 16}; v. also Gray^{Prop. N. 309, No. 53});—a Gadite I Chronicles 5:15; 𝔊 Αβδεηλ, A 𝔊L Αβδιηλ.

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (servant of Yah, cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 295, No. 90}; also Ph. עבדבעל, Palm. עבדבל, Old Aramaic עבדההד Lzb³³³, OHeb. עבדיהו id.³³⁴);—

עֹבַדְיָ֫הוּ:

chief of Ahab’s household I Kings 18:3^(×2), I Kings 18:4, I Kings 18:5, I Kings 18:6, I Kings 18:7, I Kings 18:16, 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ιου.

father of one of the chiefs of Zebulun I Chronicles 27:19, 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ιου (genit.).

a Levite overseer in time of Josiah II Chronicles 34:12, 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ια, A 𝔊L Αβδιας.

עֹבַדְיָה:

the prophet Obadiah 1:1, 𝔊 Οβδ(ε)ιου (genit.), Αβδ(ε)ιου.

a descendant of David I Chronicles 3:21, 𝔊 Αβδεια, 𝔊L Οβδιας.

chief of tribe of Issachar I Chronicles 7:3, 𝔊 Μειβδεια, A Οβδια, 𝔊L Αβδια.

a Benjamite 1 Ch I Chronicles 8:28; I Chronicles 9:44, 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ια.

a Levite I Chronicles 9:16 (‖ עַבְדָּא Nehemiah 11:17), 𝔊 Αβδεια, A Οβδια, 𝔊L Αβια.

a Gadite chief I Chronicles 12:9, 𝔊 Αβδ(ε)ια.

a prince in time of Jehoshaphat II Chronicles 17:7, 𝔊 Αβ(δ)ιαν.

priestly companion of Ezra Ezra 8:9 Nehemiah 10:6, 𝔊 Αδεια, Αβ(α)δ(ε)ια, 𝔊L Αβδιου, Αβιας.

a doorkeeper Nehemiah 12:25, א Οβδιας, 𝔊L Αβδιας.

עָבָה

vb. be thick, fat, gross (NH Pi. עִבָּה make thick, and deriv.; Syriac ܥܒܳܐ swell up, pt. pass. swollen, thick, dense, stupid, and many deriv.; Arabic غَبِىَ be dense, stupid, أَغُبَى dense foliage; Ethiopic ዐብየ: be great Di⁹⁸⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. קָֽטֳנִּי ע׳ מִמָּתְנֵי אָבִי I Kings 12:10 my little finger is thicker (stouter) than, etc., = II Chronicles 10:10; be thick, gross, of rebell. Isr. under fig. of highly fed beast, 2 ms. שָׁמַנְתָּ עָבִּיתָ כָּשִׂיתָ Deuteronomy 32:15.

עָבוֹת

עַבְטִיט

n.[m.]intens. weight of pledges, heavy debts;—abs. מַכְבִּיד עָלָיו ע׳ Habakkuk 2:6.

עוֹבָל

i. עֵיבָל n. pr. gent. Arabian people, descended from Joktan according to Genesis 10:28 (𝔊L Γαιβαλ); = עֵיבָל I Chronicles 1:22 (𝔊L Ηβηλ). On loc. cf. Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426}.

עֵיבָל

v. עוֹבָל supr.

עֵיבָל²

n. pr. m. vel gent. name in Edom, Genesis 36:23 (𝔊 Γαιβηλ), = I Chronicles 1:40 (𝔊 Γαιβηλ, A Γαοβηλ, 𝔊L Ουβαλ); according to Glaser^{Skizze ii. 426} poss. = foregoing (cp. with name of (god) Bēl, Wkl^{Gesch. Isr. 120; Alttest. Unters. 117 f.}).

עֵיבָל³

n. pr. mont. Ebal, the mt. of cursing, N. of Shechem (Nabulus), and opp. Mt. Gerizim (mt. of blessing, S. of Shechem), Deuteronomy 11:29, also Joshua 8:30, Joshua 8:33 (D); 𝔊 Γαιβαλ (connex. with above √ dub.; on בל = Bēl, cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 124 n., and reff.});—on Ebal v. Rob^{BR ii. 275 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. Ch. vi.} Di Deuteronomy 11:29 Dr^ib. Bd^{Pal. (1898), 257}.

עָבַר

vb. pass over, through, by, pass on (NH = BH; Zinj. עבר Haph. Lzb³³⁶ Cook⁸⁸, perhaps also Nab. עבר id.^ib.; 𝔗 עֲבַר, Syriac ܥܒܰܪ id.; Assyrian ebêru, id. Dl^{HWB 10}, and deriv.; Arabic عَبَرَ id., and deriv.; Sab. עבר = Heb. עִבַּר 1. Mordt^{Sab Denkm 49}; עברת passage, march through DHM^{ZMG xxix (1875), 614} also bank or neighbourhood of a stream Sab Denkm⁴⁹);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Genesis 15:17 +, sf. עֲבָרוֹ Jeremiah 23:9; 1 s. עָבַ֫רְתִּי I Samuel 15:24 +; 2 mpl. עֲבַרְתֶּם Genesis 18:5 +; 1 pl. עָבַ֫רְנוּ Joshua 24:17 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹר Amos 8:5 +, יַעֲבָר־ Genesis 33:14 +, sf. 3 ms. יַעַבְרֶ֫נּוּ Isaiah 33:21; Isaiah 35:8, יַעַבְרֶ֫נְהוּ Jeremiah 5:22, וַיַּעֲבֹר Genesis 12:6 +; 1 s. אֶעֱבֹר Amos 5:17 +, cohort. אֶעְבְּרָה Numbers 21:22 +, אֶעֱבֹ֑רָה Numbers 20:19 Judges 12:5, etc.; Imv. ms. עֲבֹר Exodus 17:5 +; fs. עִבְרִי Micah 1:11 + 2 times; עֲבֹ֑רִי Isaiah 23:12; mpl. עִבְרוּ Amos 6:2 +; Inf. abs. עָבוֹר II Samuel 17:16; cstr. עֲבֹר Amos 7:8 +, לַעֲבָר־ I Kings 18:6 + Nahum 2:1 Qr (Kt לעבור); sf. עָבְרִי Exodus 33:22 Deuteronomy 4:21, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 +, etc.;—

pass over:

= cross (stream, wady, sea, etc.), (1) c. acc. Genesis 31:21 (E), Genesis 32:11 (J), Joshua 3:14, Joshua 3:17; Joshua 4:1 (all JE), Deuteronomy 2:14 (D), Numbers 32:29 (P), II Samuel 17:20, II Samuel 17:22, II Samuel 17:24 Isaiah 16:8, + 37 times, + Genesis 32:23 (E; acc. מַעֲבַר), וְעָֽבְרָה הָֽעֲבָרָה לַעֲבִיר II Samuel 19:19 (read וַיַּעַבְרוּ We Dr Kit Löhr, and they crossed the ford, or וְעָֽבְרוּ frequent., HPS; > 𝔊 Klo Bu וַיַּעַבְדוּ הָעֲבֹדָה and they performed the service); also c. acc. + acc. loc. I Samuel 13:7, + ה loc. Deuteronomy 4:26; Deuteronomy 31:13, Deuteronomy 32:47. (2) acc. om. Judges 3:28 II Samuel 17:16^(×2) + 32 times, + עֹבֵר Judges 8:4 (read וַיַּעֲבֹר Vrss, or del. as gloss GFM Bu), II Samuel 15:23 (where read עֹמֵד for MT עֹבֵר We Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS, but del. עֹבְרִים, plausibly, Klo HPS); c. אֶל־ †Numbers 32:7 (JE), Deuteronomy 27:2 (D), Joshua 4:13; Joshua 22:19 (both P), c. אֶל־עֵבֶר Deuteronomy 30:13, c. הָעֵבֶר I Samuel 26:13; c.ה loc. †Deuteronomy 3:21; Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 6:1; Deuteronomy 11:8, Deuteronomy 11:11; Deuteronomy 34:4 Isaiah 23:6; c. acc. loc. †Isaiah 23:12 Jeremiah 2:10 Numbers 32:32 (P).

cross border, boundary, c. acc. Numbers 20:17; Numbers 21:22 (both JE), + אֶל־ I Samuel 27:2; of invasion, acc. om., c. אֶל־ Judges 11:32; Judges 12:3 I Samuel 14:1, I Samuel 14:6, I Samuel 14:8, c. ה loc. II Kings 8:21, abs. II Chronicles 21:9; cf. Job 14:5.

cross over (sc. intervening space) against (עַל־) I Samuel 14:4, unto II Samuel 24:20 (read אֶל־ for עַל־ Bu HPS, cf. 𝔊L), so perhaps also Isaiah 45:14 (עַל; read אֶל?); c. acc. of goal Amos 5:5; Amos 6:2.

pass, march over (sc. bodies of captives), Isaiah 51:23^(×2).

= overflow, fig., Isaiah 23:10, abs. of invasion (like a flood) Isaiah 8:8, hence Daniel 11:10, Daniel 11:40, Nahum 1:8 (cf. 4 c); of evil thoughts Psalms 73:7; cf. עָֽבְרוּ דִבְרֵי־רָ֑ע Jeremiah 5:28 they overflow with evil matters.

pass, go, over, of waves, over one’s head, usually c. עַל־ Isaiah 54:9 Psalms 42:8; Psalms 88:17; Psalms 124:4, Psalms 124:5 (all fig.), Jonah 2:4; c. acc. Psalms 38:5, cf. Jeremiah 23:9 over whom wine hath gone (= overcome with wine).

of razor passing over head, c. עַל Numbers 6:5; fig. of time passing over one, c. עַל־ I Chronicles 29:30 (cf. Biblical Aramaic חלף על Daniel 4:13 +).

pass over upon (עַל־), in weakened sense, nearly = come or light upon; of spirit Numbers 5:14^(×2), Numbers 5:30; abs. + מֵאֵת I Kings 22:24 = II Chronicles 18:23; c. עַל־ also light upon in chastisement or judgment, Hosea 10:11 Job 13:13, cf. Nahum 3:19; Deuteronomy 24:5 no affair shall pass over upon (עַל־) him, i.e. no duty be laid upon him.

overstep, transgress, c. acc. of covenant, command, etc. (usually divine); Numbers 14:41; Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:15 (all JE), Deuteronomy 17:2; Deuteronomy 26:13; Joshua 23:16 (all D), Judges 2:20; I Samuel 15:24; Hosea 6:7; Hosea 8:1; II Kings 18:12; Jeremiah 34:18; Isaiah 24:5 Psalms 148:6 II Chronicles 24:20; Daniel 9:11; command of earthly king Esther 3:3; abs. Psalms 17:3 Job 14:5.

pass over = overlook, forgive עַל־פֶּשַׁע Micah 7:18 (+ לְ pers.), Proverbs 19:11; c. לְ pers. only, Amos 7:8; Amos 8:2.

Pass beyond, c. acc. I Samuel 14:23 (of battle), Jeremiah 5:22^(×2) (of sea); + אֶל Genesis 31:52^(×2) (E); pass a little beyond ע׳ מְעַט מֵהָרֹאשׁ II Samuel 16:1, כִּמְעַט שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי מֵהֶם Song of Songs 3:4; c. acc. of God’s command (פֶּה), Proverbs 8:29 (of sea), Numbers 22:18 = Numbers 24:13 (JE); acc. om. Job 14:5 Psalms 104:9.

Pass through, traverse, usually

c. בְּ of land, city, etc.: Numbers 21:23 (E), Numbers 20:21 Joshua 18:9 (JE), Exodus 12:2 (P), I Samuel 9:4^(×4) II Samuel 20:14 (+ ה loc.), + 31 times; c. בְּתוֹךְ †Ezekiel 9:4 Job 15:19; c. בְּקֶרֶב of camp, nation(s) †Joshua 1:11; Joshua 3:2 (D), Joshua 24:17 (E), Amos 5:17 Deuteronomy 29:15; c. acc. †Deuteronomy 2:18; Deuteronomy 29:15 Judges 11:29^(×2) Isaiah 10:29; abs. Exodus 12:23 (J) Exodus 15:16 (JE), Numbers 20:19, Numbers 20:20 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:28 Micah 5:7 Lamentations 3:44 Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 33:28; †opp. שׁוּב, pass through and return, go to and fro, Exodus 32:27 (E; מִשַׁעַר לָשַׁעַר בְּ׳), pt. abs. those going to and fro Ezekiel 35:7 Zechariah 7:14; Zechariah 9:8.

c. בְּ of river II Samuel 19:19 + II Samuel 15:23 (but read עֹמֵד We Dr Bu al.), of sea Zechariah 10:11, cf. Isaiah 43:2 Psalms 66:6, c. בְּתוֹךְ Numbers 33:8 (P), Nehemiah 9:11; c. בְּ of gates Isaiah 62:10^(×2); cf. עֹבְרֵי בְּעֵמֶק Psalms 84:7 (Ges^{§ 130 a}).

pt. abs. הָעֹבְרִים the passers-through Ezekiel 39:11, read prob. הָעֲבָרִים (JDMich Hi Co Berthol), v Ezekiel 39:11 (Co reads אֶת־הַגַּיְא; Toy del. as gloss), v Ezekiel 39:14 (del. 𝔊 𝔖 Co Toy Berthol).

pass through between (בֵּין) parts of victim, in covenant Genesis 15:17 (J), Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19.

traverse c. acc. of expanse of water Isaiah 33:21 (of ship).

pass along by (עַל־), Genesis 18:5 (J; not סַרְתֶּם אֶל־ Ball after 𝔊), I Kings 9:8 Jeremiah 18:16 + 14 times; c. עַל־פָּנָיו †Exodus 34:6 (J); c. acc. †Genesis 32:32 Judges 3:26 (on other possibilities v. GFM), II Kings 6:9; abs. pass by Exodus 33:22^(×2) (J), II Kings 4:8 + 15 times, + (of wind) Job 37:21 Proverbs 10:25 and (of waters, = flow past) Habakkuk 3:10 (cf. Job 6:15), Job 11:16, hence מוֹר עֹבֵר Song of Songs 5:5, Song of Songs 5:13 flowing myrrh (liquid, opp. hard = מ׳ דְּרוֹר Exodus 30:23); pt. = passer-by Micah 2:8 Ezekiel 5:14; Ezekiel 36:34; Ezekiel 39:15 + 6 times. (Proverbs 26:10 v. Toy), + עֹבֵר אֹרַח Isaiah 33:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ †Lamentations 1:12; Lamentations 2:15 Job 21:29 Proverbs 9:15 Psalms 80:13; Psalms 89:42; pass by = overtake and pass c. acc. †II Samuel 18:23.

pass by, בְּ rei, Psalms 103:16 (of wind); cf. Deuteronomy 2:4.

sweep by, of scourge (fig.) Isaiah 28:15, Isaiah 28:18, Isaiah 28:19 (cf. מַעֲבָר 3).

be past, over, of time, etc., Amos 8:5 I Kings 18:29 Genesis 50:4 Song of Songs 2:11 + 7 times

pass along (from hand to hand), only pt. שֶׁקֶל כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר לַסֹּחֵר Genesis 23:16 i.e. current money of the merchant (v. Bu^{Th Lz 1892(3), 63}); כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר II Kings 12:5 (v. עֵרֶךְ).

Pass on, go on:

abs. Genesis 18:5 (J), Numbers 22:26 (E), Judges 12:1 + 20 times, + Judges 11:29; Judges 18:13 Joshua 10:29 (D; all c. acc. of goal + מִן), Genesis 18:3 (J; c. מֵעַל pers.); also c. אֶל־ pers. vel rei, proceed unto I Kings 19:19 II Kings 4:8 Nehemiah 2:14, c. עַל־ pers. (read אֶל־?) Lamentations 4:21; c. מִן Ruth 2:8, out of the city II Samuel 15:24; c. ה loc. Judges 12:1 II Samuel 19:41, c. ה loc. + מִן Joshua 10:31, Joshua 10:34 (D); ע׳ מֵעִיר לָעִיר בארץ II Chronicles 30:10; abs. II Samuel 19:41 all the people of Judah proceeding with the king (read עֹבְרִים for ויעברו, v. Hiph. ad fin.).

specif. of boundary-line, pass on, c. ה loc. Numbers 34:4^(×2) Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:4; Joshua 16:6 (om. אוֹתוֹ 𝔊 𝔙 cf. Benn^Hpt Steuern); + מִן Joshua 19:13 + מִן + אֶל־ Joshua 18:13; c. מִן + לְ Joshua 15:6; c. אֶל־ Joshua 15:7, Joshua 15:10; Joshua 16:2; Joshua 18:18, Joshua 18:19; c. acc. loc. Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:10, Joshua 15:11 (all P, except Joshua 16:2 JE).

c. לִפְנֵי pass on before, go in advance of Genesis 32:17 Exodus 17:5 (both E), Genesis 32:22; Genesis 33:3, Genesis 33:14 (all J), Deuteronomy 9:3 + 7 times, + Deuteronomy 3:18, Deuteronomy 3:28; Deuteronomy 31:3^(×2) Joshua 1:14 (all D) where ref. may be to crossing in advance of; c. עַל־פְּנֵו II Samuel 15:18 so v II Samuel 15:23 (reading עַל־פָּנָיו 𝔊L We Dr Klo Bu Kit HPS).

pass on as far as (עַד), Judges 19:12, + מִן v Judges 19:18; c. אַחֲרֵי after II Samuel 20:13; תַּעֲבָר־כּוֹם עַל Lamentations 4:21 pass on unto (cf. תִּסּוֹב Habakkuk 2:16).

pass on into (בְּ), Joshua 3:11 (+ לִפְנֵי), Joshua 4:7 (both JE), cf. Judges 9:26 Job 33:28, so also ע׳ בִּבְרִית י׳ Deuteronomy 29:11 enter into a covenant with י׳; (Klo reads וַיַּעֲבֹר בַּבּ׳ also II Kings 23:3 for MT ויעמד).

pass on away from (מֵאֵת) Deuteronomy 2:8 (+ ה loc.).

pass on in order, for counting II Samuel 2:15, עַל־יְדֵי מוֹנֶה Jeremiah 33:13, עֹבֵר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִים Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14; Exodus 38:26, also pass on under (תַּחַת) rod Leviticus 27:32 (for counting; all P; cf. Hiph. 3 d).

pass along, travel c. acc. of way Isaiah 35:8 cf. Isaiah 51:10; עֹבֵר אָרְחוֹת יַמִּים Psalms 8:9; c. בְּ of way Joshua 3:4 Proverbs 4:15; Proverbs 7:8.

pass on, advance, abs., Psalms 48:5 (Ol We pass away, perish), Micah 2:13 (acc. loc.).

Pass away:

emigrate, leave one’s territory or city Micah 1:11.

vanish, of chaff, Isaiah 29:5 cf. Jeremiah 13:24, shadow Psalms 144:4, brooks Job 6:15 (all in sim.), Song of Songs 5:6.

= cease to exist, perish Nahum 1:12 Job 30:15; Job 33:18 (בְּ instr.), Job 36:12 (id.), Job 34:20 Psalms 37:36 (but read ואעבר and I passed by, cf. 4 a), cf. Isaiah 31:9 (סלעו subj.), מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבוֹר Isaiah 40:27 pass away from.

= become invalid, obsolete, of law, decree, Esther 1:19; Esther 9:27, also v Esther 9:28 (+ מִתּוֹךְ הַיְהוּדִים).

c. מִן of hands Psalms 81:7 (i.e. they were freed from).

= be alienated, pass into other hands Ezekiel 48:14 (reading Kt; > Qr Hiph.).—Jeremiah 2:20 read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt (not אֶעֱבוֹר Qr); וָאֶתֵּן לָהֶם יַעַבְרוּם Jeremiah 8:13 and I gave to them that which they transgress 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Aq Symm Ew, those that shall pass over them Hi Gf Ke RVm, those that shall consume, devour them Rothst^Kau (reading יְבַעֲרוּם) but all very dub.; 𝔊 Co del.; Jeremiah 11:15 read Hiph. q.v.; מִנֹּגַהּ נֶגְדּוֹ עָבָיו עָֽבְרוּ Psalms 18:13 is difficult; perhaps best, as Che Kit^Kau Löhr, out of the brightness before him issued forth hailstones, etc. (del. עָבָיו); > ‖ II Samuel 22:13 בָּֽעֲרוּ and so here Bu HPS cf. Woods^{Hbr 1887, 262}, his clouds burned with hailstons, etc.; read rather עברו in 2 S.

Impf. 3 ms. נַחַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵר Ezekiel 47:5 a stream which cannot be forded.

Pf. 3 ms. שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר Job 21:10 his bull impregnateth (cf. NH מְעֻבֶּרֶת pregnant, Yeb 4:1, 2; 7:3 Keth 1:9; but note also that in 𝔗^J and Talm. (both Aramaic and Heb.) עִבַּר = conceive, עִבּוּר conception, עוֹבֵר embryo.) abs. (proposes causeth to pass over, sc. semen).*

Impf. 3 ms. וַיְעַבֵּר בְּ׳ I Kings 6:21 he made to pass across with chains of gold.—

v. [עָבַר] infr.

Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיר II Samuel 12:13 +; 2 ms. הֵעֲבַ֫רְתָּ Joshua 7:7 (Ges^{§ 63 p}), וְהַעֲבַרְתָּ֫ Exodus 5:1 +; 1 s. הֶעֱבַ֫רְתִּי Zechariah 3:4, וְהַעֲבַרְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 20:37 + Jeremiah 15:14 (but read והעבדתי 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Codd Ew Hi Gf Gie), etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵר Genesis 8:1 +, וַיַּעֲבֶר־ II Chronicles 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, sf. וַיַּעֲבִרֵנִי Ezekiel 46:21 +, etc.; Imv. ms. הַעֲבֵר Psalms 119:37 + 2 times, הַעֲבֶר־ II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; mpl. sf. הַעֲבִירוּנִי II Chronicles 35:23; Inf. abs. הַעֲבִיר Joshua 7:7 (read prob. הַעֲבֵיר); cstr. הַעֲבִיר II Samuel 3:10 +, לַעֲבִיר II Samuel 19:19 (Ges^{§ 53 q}), etc.; Pt. מַעֲבִיר Deuteronomy 18:10 Daniel 11:20, pl. מַעֲבִרִים I Samuel 2:24 (v. infr.);—

cause to pass over, bring over:

cause one to cross river, c. 2 acc., Genesis 32:24 (J), Numbers 32:5 Joshua 7:7 (both JE), II Samuel 19:16, II Samuel 19:42; acc. of river om. Genesis 32:24 (J), Joshua 4:3; Joshua 7:7 (+ Inf. abs.; both JE), Genesis 4:8 (JE; + אֶל־), II Samuel 2:8 (+ acc. loc.).

cause something to pass over (עַל־): razor (acc.) Numbers 8:7 (P), cf. Ezekiel 5:1 (where Co reads sf. of razor), wind Genesis 8:1 (P).

make over to (ל), acc. of inheritance Numbers 27:7, Numbers 27:8 (P); of making over, dedicating, something to (לְ) deity Exodus 13:12 (JE; = קִדַּשׁ). Especially

devote children to (לְ) heathen god Jeremiah 32:35 Ezekiel 23:37 (+ לְאָכְלָה), Leviticus 18:21 (H), cf. Ezekiel 16:21; + בָּאֵשׁ by fire II Kings 23:10; c. acc. alone devote Ezekiel 20:26; c. acc. + בָּאֵשׁ alone, devote by fire Deuteronomy 18:10 II Kings 16:3; II Kings 17:17; II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6, Ezekiel 20:31 (on the practice cf. Now^{Arch. ii. 205 f.} Benz^{Arch. 433 f.} Toy Ez:Ezekiel 16:20; Ezekiel 20:26 GFM^{JBL xvi (1897), 161 ff.}).

cause to pass through, c. acc. + בְּ Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 47:3, Ezekiel 47:4 + v Ezekiel 47:4 (where ins. בְּ, cf. Co Berthol Toy), Numbers 31:23^(×2) (P); c. acc. + בְּתוֹךְ Psalms 136:14; c. acc. pers. alone Psalms 78:13, + אֶל־ Ezekiel 46:21, + עַד־אֲשֶׁר Nehemiah 2:7; c. acc. of (sound of) שׁוֹפָר Leviticus 25:9 (H), + בְּ v Leviticus 25:9 (P); c. acc. קוֹל = proclamation, + בְּ Exodus 36:6 (P), II Chronicles 30:5; II Chronicles 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, Ezra 10:7 (+ לִ pers.), Nehemiah 8:15.

let pass through, c. acc. + בְּ pers. Deuteronomy 2:30.

cause to pass by, c. acc. + עַל־, Ezekiel 37:2 (+ סָבִיב סָבִיב), + עַל־פְּנֵי Exodus 33:19 (J), + לִפְנֵי I Samuel 16:8, I Samuel 16:10 and (לִפְנֵי om.) v I Samuel 16:9.

let pass by, c. acc. מוֹעֵד Jeremiah 46:17 he hath let the set time pass by (in mocking appell. of Pharaoh).

cause arrow to pass beyond one I Samuel 20:36.

cause to pass under rod, for counting, Ezekiel 20:37 (cf. Qal 5 g).

Cause to pass away, take away, kingdom (acc.) + מִן pers. II Samuel 3:10, cf. Esther 8:2, put off robe + מֵעַל Jonah 3:6; c. acc. of sin II Samuel 12:13 (חַטָּאת) II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21 (עָוֹן), + מֵעַל pers. Zechariah 3:4; Jeremiah 11:15 (reading יַעֲבִרוּ מֵעַל Ew Gf Gie); put away evil (acc.) from (מִן), I Kings 15:12 cf. ‖ II Chronicles 15:8; Zechariah 13:2; Ecclesiastes 11:10; c. acc. alone Psalms 119:39 Esther 8:3; also take me away (sf.) II Chronicles 35:23 (c. מִן) v II Chronicles 35:24; turn away eyes (acc.) + מִן Psalms 119:37.—Genesis 47:21 read הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים Sam 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Kn Di Kau Holz; Jeremiah 15:14 read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ 𝔊 𝔗 Codd Gie; II Samuel 12:31 read וְהֶעֱבִיד Hoffm^{ZAW ii (1882), 53 f.} Gr Klo Bu Kit HPS, cf. Dr Löhr; II Samuel 19:41 (for ויעברו Kt, הֶעֱבִרוּ Qr) read עֹבְרִים 𝔊 We Bu Löhr HPS, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Kit (v. Qal 5 a); Ezekiel 48:14 read Qal (so Kt; v. Qal 6 f); מַעֲבִרִים עַם־י׳ I Samuel 2:24 not good is the report which I hear the people of י׳ spreading (cf. 2), so Ew Th We Dr Kit Löhr RVm, but order of words difficult; > (ye) make the people of י׳ transgress 𝔙 AV RV; text dub.; מַעֲבִיר נוֹגֵשׂ Daniel 11:20 one causing an exactor to pass through Ew al. RV, Bev proposes נוֹגֵשׂ מ׳ an exactor causing to pass away the glory, etc.

עֵ֫בֶר

n.m. I Samuel 14:40 region across or beyond, side (on format. cf. Ba^{NB 144}; cf. especially Assyrian êbru, êbirtu, id. êbirtan, adv. beyond);—ע׳ abs. I Samuel 14:4 +; cstr. Joshua 24:4 +; sf. עֶבְרוֹ Isaiah 47:15; pl. cstr. עֶבְרֵי Isaiah 7:20 Jeremiah 48:28 (si vera l., v. infr.); sf. עֲבָרָיו I Kings 5:4 Jeremiah 49:32 (read probably עֶבְרֵיהֶם, so Vrss), עֶבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15;—

region across or beyond anything (usually wady, river, or sea), mostly c. prep.: בְּעֵבֶר אַרְנוֹן Numbers 21:13 (JE) Judges 11:18, cf. Jeremiah 25:22; אֶל־ע׳ הַיָּם Deuteronomy 30:13 b, מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם v Deuteronomy 30:13 a beyond the sea; מֵע׳ לְנַהֲרֵי־כוּשׁ Isaiah 18:1, cf. עַד־מֵע׳ I Kings 4:12 (מִן on the side of, on, v. מִן 1 c; so usually c. ע׳); but also (rarely) מֵע׳ from the other side of Zephaniah 3:10 Job 1:19 II Chronicles 20:2; abs. הָע׳ I Samuel 26:13 to the other side (sc. of a ravine; after וַיַּעֲבֹר); בְּעֵבֶר הָעֵמֶק I Samuel 31:7, read perhaps בְּעָרֵי הָע׳, so Klo Bu HPS; בְּעֶבְרֵי פִי־פָ֑חַת Jeremiah 48:28 beyond the mouth of a chasm is dub.; Gie proposes בְּחֹרֵי כֵפֵי בַתֹּת in the rock-holes of the precipices; especially (chiefly Hex, 37 times) ע׳הַיַּרְדֵּן (30 times), or (less often, Joshua 13:32 + 13 times), לַיַּרְדֵּן, לְיַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ (only c. מֵע׳), of either E. Jordan (36 times) or W. Jordan land (9 times) according to standpoint of speaker or writer: A. E. Jordan (from standpoint of writer) Genesis 50:10, Genesis 50:11 (J) Joshua 17:5 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:1, Deuteronomy 1:5; Deuteronomy 4:41, Deuteronomy 4:46, Deuteronomy 4:47, Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 1:14; Joshua 12:1; Joshua 13:8 (D), Numbers 22:1; Numbers 32:19; Numbers 34:15 Joshua 13:27, Joshua 13:32; Joshua 14:3; Joshua 20:8 (P), Judges 7:25; Judges 10:8 I Samuel 31:7 Isaiah 8:23 I Chronicles 6:63; I Chronicles 12:37; from standpoint of speaker, Joshua 7:7 (JE), Joshua 24:8 (E), Joshua 1:15; Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 18:7; Joshua 22:4 (D), Judges 5:17; in Numbers 35:14 (Moses speaks) it is land opp. to Can., cf. Numbers 32:32; in Deuteronomy 3:8 (Moses speaks) writer (D) ascribes his own standpoint to Moses; (often further topogr. note is added, e.g. מִזְרָ֫חָה Deuteronomy 4:49 +, מִזְרַח הַששֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 1:15 +, etc.); אֶל־עֵבֶר בְּנֵי יִשְׂר׳ Joshua 22:11 toward the region opposite the sons of Israel appar. also refers to E. side (v. Steuernagel on text). B. W. Jordan (9 times), from standpoint of speaker Deuteronomy 3:20, Deuteronomy 3:25 (Moses), also Deuteronomy 11:30 (but here + מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, and in all foll. some special designation of West), + יָ֫מָּה Joshua 5:1 (D; from standpoint of those just crossed), Joshua 12:7 (opposite East v Joshua 12:1-6), Joshua 22:7 (id.; Kt מעבר, Qr בְּעֵבֶר), cf. Joshua 9:1 (as Joshua 5:1); + וָהָ֑לְאָה Numbers 32:19 a (opposite East v b); in I Chronicles 26:30 מֵע׳ לַיַּר׳ מַעֲרָ֑בָה ע׳ seems = side (v. infr.). Also בְּע׳ הַנָּהָר beyond the river (Euphrates) Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:14, Joshua 24:15 (E; Kt Qr מֵע׳), מֵע׳ II Samuel 10:16 = I Chronicles 19:16 beyond, and I Kings 14:5 to the other side of (v. מִן 1 c); מֵע׳ from beyond the river only Joshua 24:3 (E), in all these = beyond the Euphr. eastward, from standpoint of those west of Euphr.; so pl. בְּעֶבְרֵי הַנּ׳ Isaiah 7:20; poss. also ע׳ alone (si vera l.) in the difficult passage Numbers 24:24; ע׳ הַנָּהָר = region beyond the river (Euphr.) westward (from standpoint of those in Babylonia or Persia) Nehemiah 2:7, Nehemiah 2:9; Nehemiah 3:7 Ezra 8:36; also I Kings 5:4^(×2) (written in Bab.; cf. Biblical Aramaic עֲבַר, and Dr^{Intr (6) 504}). cf. late Assyrian ebir nâri Schr^{KB iv. 304, 1. 7 from below;} KAT 3. 188, 437.

(Opposite) side, side: מֵע׳ הַלָּז I Samuel 14:1 on yonder side seems transition to this meaning; מֵהָע׳ מִזֶּה twice, v I Samuel 14:4 = on one side, on the other side, so לְע׳ אֶחָד twice v I Samuel 14:40; even מִשְּׁנֵי עִבְרֵיהֶם Exodus 32:15 (E) on their two sides (i.e. of tablets); אֶל־ע׳ הָאֵפוֹד בָּ֑יְתָה Exodus 28:26 (P) toward the inner side of the ephod; in I Kings 7:20, I Kings 7:30 ע׳ appar. = at the side of or opposite, but the archit. details are obscure; מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו מִסָּבִיב I Kings 5:4 on all sides of him, round about, מִכָּל־עֲבָרָיו Jeremiah 49:32 (reads עֶבְרֵיהֶם Vrss Gie) from all sides of them (all directions, = מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ v Jeremiah 49:5); אֶל־עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵ֑כוּ to the side of their faces (i.e. in front, straight forward) they (always) went Ezekiel 1:9, Ezekiel 1:12; Ezekiel 10:22, cf. עַל־ע׳ פָּנֶיהָ Exodus 25:37 to give light upon the space in front of it; אִישׁ לְעֶבְרוֹ תָּעוּ Isaiah 47:15 they wander away each in his own direction (regardless of thee).—On I Chronicles 26:30 v. supr.

עֵ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m. Eber (perhaps eponym of Hebrews, form inferred from עִבְרִי, cf. reff. there);—

‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad Genesis 10:24 (J) = I Chronicles 1:18; Genesis 11:14, Genesis 11:15 (P); ‘father’ of Peleg and Joktan Genesis 10:25 (J; with especially ref. to Joktan v Genesis 10:26, i.e. to Arabians) = I Chronicles 1:19 (cf. v I Chronicles 1:20), of Peleg specif. Genesis 11:16, Genesis 11:17 (P; with especially ref. to Abr. v Genesis 11:26) cf. I Chronicles 1:25 (see v I Chronicles 1:27); in Genesis 10:21 (J) Shem is called אֲבִי כָּל־בְּנֵי־עֵבֶר; 𝔊 Εβερ.—ע׳ Numbers 24:24 perhaps (si vera l.) belongs not here (= עִבְרִים Hebrews, 𝔊 Ἐβραίους, so Thes), but sub i. עֵבֶר = the (land) beyond (the river), ‖ אַשּׁוּר, so Di Kau.

a Gadite chief I Chronicles 5:13, 𝔊 Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Εβερ.

Benjamite names:

I Chronicles 8:12, 𝔊 Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Αβερ.

I Chronicles 8:22 (עֵבֶר van d. H. Ginsb; עֶבֶד Baer), 𝔊 Ωβδη, A Ωβηδ, 𝔊L Αβερ.

a priest Nehemiah 12:20 𝔊L Αβεδ.

עִבְרִי

adj. et n. gent. Hebrew, either

put into the mouth of foreigners (Egyptian and Philist.), or

used to distinguish Isr. from foreigners ( = one from beyond, from the other side, i.e. prob. (in Heb. trad.) from beyond the Euphrates (cf. Joshua 24:2, Joshua 24:3 E), but poss. in fact (if name given in Canaan) from beyond the Jordan; cf. Ges^{§ 2 b}Sta^{§ 1 b} Kö^{i. 18 ff.} We^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 7} Kau^{‘Eber’ and ‘Hebräer’} in Ri^{HWB 332, 600}.—On connexion of ע׳ (in wide sense) with Ḫabirû (Tel Am.) v. Wkl^{Gesch. Isr. 17 ff.; Sem. Studies in Mem. of Kohut, 605 ff.} EMey^{Aegyptica [Ebers], 75} cf. Glaser^{MVG 1897, 255 ff.} Kö^{Exp. Times xi. 238}; opp. Jastr^{JBL xi (1892), 118 ff.} Say^{Monuments 188, 333} WMM^{As. u. Eur. 396});—ms. ע׳ Genesis 39:14 +; fs. עִבְרִיָּה Deuteronomy 15:12 Jeremiah 34:9; mpl. עִבְרִים Genesis 43:32 +, עִבְרִיִּים Exodus 3:18; fpl. עִבְרִיֹּת Exodus 1:15 + 2 times, -וֹת Exodus 1:16; word not in P;—

adj.

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Genesis 39:14 cf. v Genesis 39:17 (both J), Genesis 41:12 (E).

אִישׁ עִבְרִי Exodus 2:11 cf. v Exodus 2:13; Exodus 21:2 (all E), Deuteronomy 15:12; Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:14; f. Deuteronomy 15:12; Jeremiah 34:9.

n.

Exodus 1:16, Exodus 1:19; Exodus 2:7 (all f.) Exodus 2:6 (all E), I Samuel 4:6, I Samuel 4:9; I Samuel 13:19; I Samuel 14:11; I Samuel 29:3.

Genesis 40:15 Exodus 1:15 (f.; both E), I Samuel 13:3; I Samuel 14:21; Genesis 43:32 (J); especially in אֱלֹהֵי הָעִבְרִים Exodus 3:18; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 7:16; Exodus 9:1, Exodus 9:13; Exodus 10:3 (all J); sg. only אַבְרָם הָע׳ Genesis 14:13, ע׳ אָנֹ֑כִי Jonah 1:9.—𝔊 Ἐβραῖος, Ἐβραία, Genesis 14:13 τῷ περάτῃ.—I Samuel 13:7 read prob. for וְעִבְרִים וגו׳, וְעָֽבְרוּ מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן (We), or, better, וַיַּעַבְרוּ Dr Kit Löhr; > וְעַם רַב Klo Bu HPS.

עִבְרִי²

n.pr.m. Levite name, I Chronicles 24:27; 𝔊 Αβαι, A Ωβδι, 𝔊L Αβαρια.

עֶבְרָה

n.f. overflow, arrogance, fury;—abs. ע׳ Isaiah 13:9 +; cstr. עֶבְרַת Zephaniah 1:18 +; sf. עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 +, etc.; pl. עֲבָרוֹת Job 21:30; cstr. עַבְרוֹת Psalms 7:7 Job 40:11;—

overflow, excess, outburst, ע׳ זָדוֹן Proverbs 21:24 excess of insolence; עַבְרוֹת אַפֶּ֑ךָ Job 40:11 outbursts of thine anger.

arrogance, of Moab Isaiah 16:6 (+ גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן), hence Jeremiah 48:30 (+ id. v Jeremiah 48:29).

overflowing rage, fury:

of men, Genesis 49:7 (poem in J), Amos 1:11 (both ‖ אַף), Isaiah 14:6 Proverbs 14:35, שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Proverbs 22:8 (i.e. rod wielded by him in fury, v. also Lamentations 3:1 infr.), עַבְרוֹת צוֹרְרָ֑י Psalms 7:7 the outbursts of fury of my foes.

of י׳ Hosea 5:10; Hosea 13:11 (‖ אַף), Habakkuk 3:8 (‖ id.), Isaiah 9:18 Lamentations 2:2 Psalms 90:9, Psalms 90:11; + חֲרוֹן אַף Isaiah 13:9, ‖ id. v Isaiah 13:13 Psalms 78:49 (+ זַעַם), Psalms 85:4; אֵשׁ עֶבְרָתִי Ezekiel 21:36 (‖ זַעַם), Ezekiel 22:31 (‖ id.), v Ezekiel 21:21; Ezekiel 38:19; שֵׁבֶט עֶבְרָתוֹ Lamentations 3:1 (cf. Proverbs 22:8 supr.); עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6 (i.e. obj. of my rage), cf. דּוֹר עֶבְרָתוֹ Jeremiah 7:29; יוֹם עֶבְרַת י׳ Zephaniah 1:18 day of י׳’s fury (coming judgment), so Ezekiel 7:19 (del. Co Berthol, after 𝔊, as gloss from Zp); so יוֹם עֶבְרָה Zephaniah 1:15 Proverbs 11:4; יוֹם עֲבָרוֹת Job 21:30; cf. עֶבְרָה Proverbs 11:23.

עָבַר²

vb. denom.

be arrogant, infuriate oneself;—Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalms 78:62; 2 ms. הִתְעַבַּ֫רְתָּ Psalms 89:39; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַבֵּר Deuteronomy 3:26, וַיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר Psalms 78:21, Psalms 78:59; Pt. מִתְעַבֵּר Proverbs 14:16; Proverbs 26:17; sf. מִתְעַבְּרוֹ Proverbs 20:2;—

be arrogant, Proverbs 14:16 (opp. יָרֵא).

put oneself in a fury, become furious. c. בְּ pers. Deuteronomy 3:26 Psalms 78:62; c. עִם pers. Psalms 89:39; abs. Psalms 78:21, Psalms 78:59 (all of God); of man, c. עַל rei. Proverbs 26:17.

incite one to fury for oneself Proverbs 20:2 (si vera l.; cf. De Ges^{§ 54 f.}).

עֶבְרֹן

n.pr.loc. Joshua 19:38 (𝔊 Ελβων, A 𝔊L Αχραν); read probably עַבְדֹּן q.v.

עָבוֹת²

adj. having interwoven foliage, leafy;—עֵץ עָבוֹת leafy trees Ezekiel 20:28; Nehemiah 8:15; עֵץ עָבֹת Leviticus 23:40 (H); f. אֵלָה עֲבֻתָּה Ezekiel 6:13 a leafy terebinth.—עָבוֹת II Samuel 23:4 Psalms 77:18 v. ii. עָב sub עוּב.

עֲבֹת

n.m. ^{Judges 15:13} + et f. ^{Judges 15:14}; Job 39:10 (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?);—abs. ע׳ Exodus 28:14 + 2 times; cstr. עֲבוֹת Isaiah 5:18 Psalms 129:4; sf. 3 ms. עֲבֹתוֹ Job 39:10, 3 mpl. עֲבֹתֵ֑ימוֹ Psalms 2:3; pl. עֲבֹתִים Judges 15:13 +, עֲבֹתֹת Exodus 28:14 +, etc.;—

cord, rope:

as fetter, Judges 15:13, Judges 15:14; Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12; Ezekiel 3:25; Ezekiel 4:8; Job 39:10 (of wild ox), so also prob. Psalms 118:27 bind the festal victim (חַג) with cords Ew Ol De Hup-Now Dr al.; > with branches Che, cf. Bae Du; fig. of authority Psalms 2:3 (‖ מוֹסְרוֹתֵימוֹ), Psalms 129:4.

עֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה Isaiah 5:18 i.e. with which a cart is drawn (in sim.; ‖ חַבְלֵי הַשָּׁוְא); fig. עֲבֹתוֹת אַהֲבָה Hosea 11:4 with the cords of love, of י׳’s drawing Isr. (‖ חַבְלֵי אָדָם).

cordage, cord, of (twisted) golden chains on high priest’s breast-piece (all P): מַעֲשֵׂה עֲבֹת, cordage-work Exodus 28:14, Exodus 28:22; Exodus 39:15; שַׁרְשְׁרֹת הָעֲבֹתֹת Exodus 28:14 the chains of cords (cordlike chains); שְׁתֵּי (הָ)עֲבֹתֹת the two cords v Exodus 28:24, Exodus 28:25; Exodus 39:17, Exodus 39:18.

interwoven foliage (?) in phr. (עַל־)בֵּין עֲבֹתִים of top of a vine Ezekiel 19:11 (clouds Ew Hi-Sm Toy, read then עָבוֹת); of cedar, Ezekiel 31:3, Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14, but in these certainly clouds, so 𝔊 Ew Hi-Sm Co al.

עָגַב

vb. have inordinate affection, lust (cf. Arabic عَجِبَ wonder, admire, عَجِيبٌ beloved; and (on sens. obsc. in NH) Levy^{NHWB iii. 616});—

Pf. 3 fs. עָֽגְבָה Ezekiel 23:7, Ezekiel 23:9, Ezekiel 23:12; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּעְגַּב v Ezekiel 23:5, + v Ezekiel 23:16 Kt (Qr וַתַּעְגְּבָה), וַתַּעְגְּבַה v Ezekiel 23:20 (Ew^{§ 191 c} Ol^{§ 228 b}); Pt. pl. עֹגְבִים Jeremiah 4:30;—lust after (עַל־), only in fig. of relations of Samaria and Jerus. (personif.) with foreigners Ezekiel 23:5, Ezekiel 23:9, Ezekiel 23:12, Ezekiel 23:16, Ezekiel 23:20, so c. acc. v Ezekiel 23:7; pt. as subst. paramours Jeremiah 4:30.

עוּגָב

n.m. a musical instr. (poss. from above √, because of sensuous or appealing tones);—Genesis 4:21 (J; + כִּנּוֹר), Job 21:12 (‖ תֹּף, כִּנּוֹר), Psalms 150:4 (+ מִנִּים), sf. עֻגָבִי Job 30:31 (‖ כִּנֹּרִי);—according to 𝔗 a reed-pipe or flute (אַבּוּבָא), 𝔙 a Pan’s pipe (organon, made up of several reeds together); Now^{Arch. i. 277} Benz^{Arch. 276} think of bag-pipe (= סוּמְפֹּנְיָה Daniel 3:5, Daniel 3:10, Daniel 3:15), cf. also in We^{ψψ Eng.Tr. 219}; > a stringed instr. 𝔊 𝔖 (Genesis 4:21).

עֻגָה

עֵ֫גֶל

n.m. ^{Exodus 32:24} calf (as rolling or gamboling? cf. כַּר fr. כָּרַר; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגל id. Lzb ³³⁶; עגילו Palm. n.pr. id. Cook⁸⁹; Aramaic ܥܶܓܠܴܐ, ܥܓܶܠܬܳܐ, עִיגְלָא, עֲגַלְתָּא, id.; Assyrian [agalu], pl. agalê prob. calves Dl^{HWB 16} (cf. against this Jen^{Kosmol. 110}, but v. also Jäger^{BAS ii. 2, 286}); Arabic عِجْلٌ, id.; Ethiopic እጕል, እጉልት, cf. also Hom^{NS 226});—ע׳ abs. Exodus 32:19 +; cstr. I Samuel 28:24 +; sf. עֶגְלֵךְ Hosea 8:5; pl. עֲגָלִים Hosea 13:2 +; cstr. עֶגְלֵי I Kings 12:28 +;—calf, Isaiah 11:6; Isaiah 27:10 in sim. of leaping mts. Psalms 29:6; in sim. of foot-sole of cherubim Ezekiel 1:7; ע׳ מַרְבֵּק i.e. a stall-fed (fatted) calf, I Samuel 28:24, in sim. Jeremiah 46:21; Malachi 3:20, cf. ע׳ מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק Amos 6:4; ע׳ לֹא לֻמָּ֑ד Jeremiah 31:18 an untrained calf; עֶגְלֵי עַמִּים Psalms 68:31 calves of peoples, i.e. peoples like calves, so most; perhaps read בַּעֲלֵי עמ׳ Matthes Che Gunkel^{Schöpf. 66 f.} cf. Bae; calf as sacrif. victim Micah 6:6; Leviticus 9:2, Leviticus 9:3, Leviticus 9:8 (P); cut in two, in ratifying covenant Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19 (cf. עֶגְלָה Genesis 15:9); elsewhere image of calf: made at Horeb, ע׳ מַסֵּכָה Exodus 32:4, Exodus 32:8; Deuteronomy 9:16; Nehemiah 9:18; ע׳ alone Exodus 32:19, Exodus 32:20, Exodus 32:24, Exodus 32:35; Deuteronomy 9:21 Psalms 106:19; two set up by Jerob. I in N. Isr., I Kings 12:28, I Kings 12:32; II Kings 10:29; II Kings 17:16 II Chronicles 11:15; II Chronicles 13:8, cf. Hosea 8:5, Hosea 8:6 (עֶגְלֵךְ, ע׳ שֹׁמְרוֹן), Hosea 13:2; also Hosea 10:5 (v. i. עֶגְלָה as fin.).

עֶגְלָה

n.f. heifer;—abs. ע׳ Genesis 15:9 +; cstr. עֶגְלַת Isaiah 7:21 +; sf. עֶגְלָתִי Judges 14:18; pl. cstr. עֶגְלוֹת Hosea 10:5 (but v. infr.);—heifer, Isaiah 7:21, used in ploughing Judges 14:18 (fig.), threshing Jeremiah 50:11 (ע׳ דָשָׁא, in sim., v. דּוּשׁ, read perhaps דָשָׁה), fig. of stateliness etc. Jeremiah 46:20; ע׳ מְלֻמָּדָה Hosea 10:11 a trained heifer (sim. of Ephr.); used for sacrif. I Samuel 16:2 (עֶגְלַת בָּקָר); cut in two for ratifying covenant Genesis 15:9 (J; ע׳ מְשֻׁלֶּשֶׁת; cf. עֵגֶל Jeremiah 34:18, Jeremiah 34:19); in cleansing city from blood-guiltiness Deuteronomy 21:3 (ע׳ בָּקָר), v Deuteronomy 21:4^(×2), Deuteronomy 21:6; once of calves worshipped in N. Isr. Hosea 10:5 (where read prob. עֵגֶל, so 𝔊 We Now GASm, cf. Che, v. also the foll. sfs. ms.).

עֶגְלָה²

n.pr.f. wife of David (on sense heifer cf. לֵאָה, רָחֵל; v. also Gray^{Prop. N. 92, No. 27});—II Samuel 3:5 (𝔊 Αιγαλ, A Αιγας, 𝔊L Αγλα) = I Chronicles 3:3 (𝔊 Αλα, A Αγλα, 𝔊L Εγλα).

עָגֹל

adj. round;—abs. עָגֹל I Kings 7:23 + 2 times, עָגוֹל I Kings 10:19 II Chronicles 4:2; fpl. עֲגֻלּוֹת I Kings 7:31;—round I Kings 7:31^(×2) (opp. מְרֻבָּעוֹת), I Kings 10:19; ע׳ סָבִיב round in circuit (perimeter) I Kings 7:23 = II Chronicles 4:2; I Kings 7:35.

עֲגָלָה

n.f. cart (from rolling of wheels; NH id.; Ph. (Pu.) עגלת (?) Lzb³³⁶; Aramaic עֲגַלְתָּא, ܥܳܓܶܠܬܳܐ; Sem. loan-word in Egyptian āgartȧ Bondi³⁸, ʿagolt Erman^{Egyptian 491}; cf. also Wilkinson^{Anc. Egypt. (1878), i. 223–241, especially 235, also 249} (illustr. vehicles drawn by cattle, cf. I Samuel 6:7 Numbers 7:3));—abs. ע׳ I Samuel 6:7 +, sf. עֶגְלָתוֹ Isaiah 28:28; pl. עֲגָלוֹת Genesis 45:19 +; cstr. עֶגְלֹת Numbers 7:3;—cart, used for transporting persons and things Genesis 45:19, Genesis 45:21, Genesis 45:27; Genesis 46:5 (E), I Samuel 6:7^(×2), I Samuel 6:8, I Samuel 6:10, I Samuel 6:11, I Samuel 6:14^(×2), II Samuel 6:3^(×2) = I Chronicles 13:7^(×2); Numbers 7:3 (ע׳ צָב covered carts), v Numbers 7:3, Numbers 7:6, Numbers 7:7, Numbers 7:8 (P); in sim. Amos 2:13, עֲבוֹת הַע׳ Isaiah 5:18 cart-rope, אוֹפַן ע׳ Isaiah 28:27 of (threshing-) wagon (cf. Dr^{Am. p. 228}), גִּלְגַּל ע׳ v Isaiah 28:28 id.;—ע׳ = warchariots only Psalms 46:10 (Du transport-wagons).

עָגִיל

n.[m.] hoop, ring;—abs. ע׳ Numbers 31:50 prob. ear-ring (+ טַבַּעַת, etc.); pl. עֲגִילִים עַל־ אָזְנָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 16:12 (+ נֶזֶם עַל־אַפֵּךְ nose-ring).

עֶגְלוֹן

n.pr. (cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 92, No. 27});—

m. a king of Moab, Judges 3:12, Judges 3:14, Judges 3:15, Judges 3:17^(×2), 𝔊 Εγλωμ.

loc. Joshua 10:3, Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:23, Joshua 10:37; Joshua 12:12; Joshua 15:34, c. ה loc. Joshua 10:34, מֵעֶגְלוֹ֫נָה v Joshua 10:36; 𝔊 Οδολλαμ Joshua 10; Αιλαμ Joshua 12:12, A Εγλωμ, 𝔊L Εγλων, and so Joshua 15:39; site ʿAǧlân, N. of Telel-Ḥesy, Buhl^{Geogr. 192}.

עֶגְלַ֫יִם

Ezekiel 47:10 in עֵין ע׳ q.v.

עָגוּר

n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane according to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (Tristr^{NHB 239 f.});—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Jeremiah 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Isaiah 38:14 (but here gloss Klo Brd Di Dn Che^Hpt); Thes and (in Je) Hi Gf Gie del. וְ and take ע׳ as adj. of סוס = twittering or the like; Thes assumes transpos. from גער, Ethiopic ግዕረ: cry.

עַד

עֵד

עִדֹּא

v. עדד.

עִדָּה

n.f. menstruation, so Vrss (proposes time, period);—pl. abs. בֶּגֶד עִדִּים Isaiah 64:5 i.e. stained garment (fig. of best deeds of guilty people; ‖ טָמֵא).

עִדּוֹ

n.pr.m. Iddo;—

father of an officer of Sol. עִדֹּא I Kings 4:14; 𝔊 Αχελ, A Σαδωκ, 𝔊L Αχιαβ.

grandfather of prophet Zechariah עִדּוֹ Zechariah 1:1, עִדּוֹא v Zechariah 1:7; 𝔊 Αδδω.

a Levite עִדּוֹ I Chronicles 6:6; 𝔊 Αδει, 𝔊L Αδδω.

a priestly name עִדּוֹא van d. H. Ginsb (Baer עִדּוֹ) Nehemiah 12:4; 𝔊א etc. Αδαιας; also עדיא v Nehemiah 12:16 Kt (עֲדָיָא?), Qr עִדּוֹא; 𝔊א τῷ Αδδαι, 𝔊L τῷ Αδαιᾳ.

a seer עִדּוֹ הַחֹזֶה II Chronicles 12:15 = הַנָּבִיא עִדּוֹ II Chronicles 13:22; 𝔊 Αδ(δ)ω; = יֶעְדּוֹ II Chronicles 9:29, Ιωηλ(δ).

עָדָה

vb. pass on, advance (Arabic (عدو) عَدَا pass by, also run = Ethiopic ዐደወ: pass by; Aramaic עדי go along, go by (often for Heb. עָבַר), Aph. remove; Syriac ܥܕܳܐ pass by, come, c. ܥܰܠ fall upon);—

Pf. 3 ms. עָדָה Job 28:8 the fierce lion hath not advanced upon it (sc. the way).

Pt. מַעֲדֶה בֶּגֶר Proverbs 25:20 removing a garment (cf. Genesis 38:19 𝔗, Jonah 3:6 Heb. and 𝔗).

עַד²

and וָעֶ֑ד (so always) n.m. perpetuity ( = advancing time, cf. Assyrian adû, time, at the present time);—

of past time: מִנִּי עַד Job 20:4; הררי עד Habakkuk 3:6 ancient mountains (cf. עולם 1) so Genesis 49:26 (read הַרְרֵי עַד for הוֹרַ֔י עַד).

of future time, לָעַד (usually לָעַ֑ד) for ever:

during lifetime, of king Psalms 21:7 Proverbs 29:14; of others Psalms 9:19; Psalms 22:27; Psalms 61:9 Proverbs 12:19.

of things, לָעַד בַּצּוּר יֵחָֽצֵב֑וּן Job 19:24.

of continuous existence, of nations, גְּבֶרֶת עַד (of Babylon, cf. עולם 2 c) Isaiah 47:7 (yet v. iii. עַד II 3); anger, לעד Amos 1:11; elsewhere עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 83:18; Psalms 92:8 Isaiah 26:4; Isaiah 65:18.

of divine existence, שֹׁכֵן עַד Isaiah 57:15; attributes, לָעַד Psalms 111:3, Psalms 111:10; Psalms 112:3, Psalms 112:9; residence in Zion, עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 132:14; law of God, לָעַד Psalms 19:10; promise as to dynasty of David, לָעַד Psalms 89:30; עֲדֵי עַד Psalms 132:12; inheritance of land, לָעַד Psalms 37:29; continuous relations between God and his people I Chronicles 28:9; Isaiah 64:8; Micah 7:18 לעד.

phrases (see עולם 2 m): (לְ)עוֹלָם וָעֶ֑ד Psalms 9:6; Psalms 10:16; Psalms 21:5; Psalms 45:7, Psalms 45:18; Psalms 48:15; Psalms 52:10; Psalms 104:5; Psalms 119:44; Psalms 145:1, Psalms 145:2, Psalms 145:21; Exodus 15:18; Micah 4:5; Daniel 12:3; לָעַד לְעוֹלָם Psalms 111:8; Psalms 148:6; עַד־עוֹלְמֵי עַד Isaiah 45:17.—Isaiah 30:8 read (עַד־עוֹלָם) לְעֵד for a witness (𝔖 𝔊 𝔗 Ges Ew Di Che Du) for MT לָעַד.

עַד³

n.[m.] booty, prey (upon which one advances, falls); cf. 𝔗 עֲדִי booty, Isaiah 10:2; Isaiah 33:23 +.—יֹאכַל עַד Genesis 49:27 devour prey (‖ שָׁלָל); עַד שָׁלָל מַרְבֶּה Isaiah 33:23 prey of great spoil; קוּמִי לְעַד Zephaniah 3:8 (of God) my rising up to the prey (Br^MP); אֲבִי עַד Isaiah 9:5 father (i.e. distributor) of booty (Hi Kn Kue Br^MP Du Che^Hpt; > Ges Ew Di al. everlasting father).

עַד⁴

in poetry עֲדֵי (†Numbers 24:20, Numbers 24:24 Psalms 104:23; Psalms 147:6; Job 7:4; Job 20:5, and in עֲדֵי עַד Isaiah 26:4; Isaiah 65:18 Psalms 83:18; Psalms 92:8; Psalms 132:12, Psalms 132:14: cf. אֱלֵי, עֲלֵי), prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while (Aramaic עד, ܥܕ; Sab. עד, עדי, Mordtm^{ZMG xxx (1876), 27}; DHM^{xxxvii (1883), 414}, Assyrian adi Dl^{§ 81 a} (Arabic عَدَا is except); perhaps akin to عَدَا pass on, advance to, Kö^{ii. 304, 309}: עֲדֵי prob. from ground-form ʿădăy, Ol^{428, 421} Kö^{ii. 309 ff.}; but Lag^{Sym. ii. 101–3, Mitth. i. 231 f.}; as plur. like אַחֲרֵי);—with sf. עָדַי Numbers 23:18 +, עָדֶיךָ Micah 4:8 +, etc., עָֽדֵיכֶם †Job 32:12; II Kings 9:18 עַד־הֵם occurs; —as far as,- even to (differing from אֶל, in that the limit is included, as in Arabic حَتَّى Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. 402 f.}):

prep.

of space:—

Genesis 11:31 ויבאו עד חרן as far as Haran, Genesis 12:6; Genesis 13:3, Genesis 13:12 + often, Isaiah 8:8 עד צואר יגיע, Isaiah 15:4 עד יהץ נשׁמע קולם, Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 Psalms 36:6 אמונתך עד שׁחקים, Psalms 69:2 באו מים עד נפשׁ (cf. Jonah 2:6; Micah 1:9; Jeremiah 4:10, Jeremiah 4:18), Psalms 90:3 תָּשֵׁב אֱנוֹשׁ עַד דַּכָּא, Job 11:7, etc.; pregn. Psalms 118:27 אִסְרוּ־חַג עַד וגו׳ bind … (and lead) up to …; Isaiah 57:9 עַד מֵרָחוֹק even to afar (מִן 1 c); with the goal a person, Exodus 22:8 עד האלהים יָבֹא דְבַר שְׁנֵיהֶם, I Samuel 9:9 Psalms 65:3 עָדֶיךָ כָל־בָּשָׂר יָבֹאוּ, Isaiah 45:24; Job 4:5, שׁוּב עַד י׳ Hosea 14:2 al. (v. שׁוּב, stronger than שׁוּב אֶל־י׳); poet. Numbers 24:20 וְאַחֲרִיתוֹ עֲדֵי אֹבֵד shall be even unto destruction, shall issue in destruction, v Numbers 24:24; rarely with verbs of attending, הֶאֱזִין עַד †Numbers 23:18, הִתְבּוֹנֵן עַד †Job 32:12; Job 38:18 (usually אֶל). Before another prep., I Samuel 7:11 עַד מִתַּחַת ל׳, I Kings 4:12 עַד מֵעֵבֶר ל׳, עַד מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:20, עַד לִפְנֵי Esther 4:2, and even (si vera l.) עַד אֲלֵיהֶם II Kings 9:20: cf. עַד נֶגֶד Nehemiah 3:16, Nehemiah 3:26, עַד נֹכַח Judges 19:10 +.

In the combin. מִן … (וְ)עַד, as Genesis 10:19 מצידון … עַד עַזָּה from Sidon … as far as Gaza + often (v. מן 5 a); and idiom., not of actual space, but of classes of objects, to express the idea of both … and, as Genesis 19:4 מִנַּעַר וְעַד זָקִן from young to old (inclusively) = both young and old (v. מִן 5 b); without מִן, even to = including, Leviticus 11:42 Numbers 8:4 even to (i.e. including) its base and its flowers, cf. I Samuel 18:4.

Of time:

(a) even to, until Genesis 8:5 even to the 10th month, Exodus 12:6 unto the 14th day, etc., v Exodus 12:15, Exodus 12:18, etc.; עד היום unto this day, Genesis 19:37, Genesis 19:38, עד היום הזה Genesis 26:33; Genesis 32:33, both + often; עד יום sq. inf. Exodus 40:37 Joshua 6:10 Judges 18:30; עד בקר till morning, Exodus 12:10 + (15 times), עד הבקר Exodus 16:23 + (11 times); so עד (ה)ערב Exodus 18:13, Exodus 18:14 +, poet. עֲדֵי ערב Psalms 104:23; עַד עוֹלָם Genesis 13:15 + often; עַד שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים II Kings 4:35; עַד דּוֹר וָדוֹר Isaiah 13:20; v. also בְּלִי, and בִּלְתִּי, ad fin. And sq. another prep., Leviticus 23:16 עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת, Nehemiah 13:9 עַד אַחַר הַשַּׁבָּת. With the force of against, Judges 6:31 יוּמַת עַד הַבֹּקֶר; cf. (b) end. (b) sq. inf., both of past time, as Genesis 8:7; Genesis 32:25 עַד עֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, Genesis 33:3; Genesis 34:5, and especially of future time, as Genesis 3:19 עַד שׁוּבְךָ until thy returning, Genesis 19:22; Genesis 27:45 Deuteronomy 7:20, Deuteronomy 7:23; Deuteronomy 20:20; Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 28:20, Deuteronomy 28:22,—both + often; cf. עַד בּוֹשׁ Judges 3:25 +; עַד תֹּם … Leviticus 25:29 + 10 times; עַד תֻּמָּם Deuteronomy 2:15 +; עַד כַּלֵּה †II Kings 13:17, II Kings 13:19; Ezra 9:14; עַד כַּלּוֹתָ(ם) I Samuel 15:18 Jeremiah 9:15 +; עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר Judges 16:2 +; also in עַד הִשְׁמִדְךָ אֹתָם Deuteronomy 7:24 (cf. Deuteronomy 28:48 Joshua 11:14; I Kings 15:29; II Kings 3:25; II Kings 10:17; II Kings 24:20 [‖ Jeremiah 52:3 הִשְׁלִיכוֹ]; on the anom. הִ׳, v. Dr, read prob. הַ׳); and most prob. (cf. Kö^{iii. 583}) in שָׂרִיד (לָהֶם) עַד בִּלְתִּי הִשְׁאִיר לוֹ Deuteronomy 3:3 (v. Dr), + 5 times (v. supr. p. 117), read prob. הַשְׁאִיר. With the force of towards the end of, against, especially in עַד בֹּאָ(ם), Genesis 43:25 Exodus 22:25 Numbers 10:21 והקימו את המשׁכן עַד בֹּאָם used to set up the tab. against their coming, II Kings 16:11; Ezekiel 33:22; cf. II Samuel 17:22. Ellipt. Judges 16:2 עַד אוֹר הַבֹּקֶר וַהֲרַגְנוּהוּ (wait) till the morning dawn, and we slay him! (GFM; Dr^{§ 115}). (c) with various adverbs of time (q.v.), as עַד אָנָה, עַד־מָה, עַד מָתַי, עַד הֵנָּה, עַד כֹּה, עַד כֵּן, עַד עַתָּה, cf. עַד כַּמֶּה פְעָמִים (v. מָה 4 b). (d) to suggest also degree (cf. 3), עַד אֵין מָקוֹם until there is no place Isaiah 5:8, עַד אֵין מִסְפָּר †Psalms 40:13 Job 5:9; Job 9:10; cf. Leviticus 26:18 וְאִם־עַד־אֵלֶּה and if even up to these things, even the end of all these punishments, you do not hearken to me.

During (rare; proposes as far as the limit indicated, including the time previous, cf. ἕως: so often Aramaic עַד, ܥܕ, while), II Kings 9:22 with is peace עַד זְנוּנֵי אִיזֶבֶל during, etc.? Job 20:5 עֲדֵי רָ֑גַע during a moment; sq. inf. Judges 3:26 עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם during their delaying, Exodus 33:22 Job 7:19 עַד בִּלְעִי רֻקִּי Jonah 4:2.

Of degree, to suggest a higher or the highest; as עַד מְאֹד even to muchness, i.e. exceedingly (v. מְאֹד), עַד מְהֵרָה even to haste †Psalms 147:15; Esther 5:6 וּמַה־בַּקָּשָׁתֵךְ עַד־חֲצִי הַמַּלְכוּת וְחֵעָשׂ, v Exodus 5:3; Esther 7:2. See also עַד לְ, below. With a neg., to express not even as much as, Deuteronomy 2:5 לא אתן לכם מארצם עַד מִדְרַךְ כַּף רָ֑גֶל, and with אֶחָד, †Exodus 9:7 לֹא מֵת … עַד־אֶחָד, simil. Exodus 14:28 Judges 4:16; II Samuel 17:22 (read אֶחָד for אַחַד: v. Dr). Sometimes almost = Lat. adeo, I Samuel 2:5 (si vera l.) עַד עֲקָרָה ילדה שׁבעה even to the barren, she hath borne seven, i.e. even the barren hath, etc., Job 25:5 הן עד־יָרֵחַ ולא יאהיל, Haggai 2:19. In comparisons, to the degree of, even like (rare), Nahum 1:10 עַד סִירִים סְבֻכִים (text dub.) entangled even like thorns, I Chronicles 4:27 לא הִרְבּוּ עד בני יהודה did not multiply to the degree of (i.e. like), etc. Cf. II Samuel 23:19 עַד הַשְּׁלשָׁה לֹא בָא did not attain (in prowess) unto the three.

Conj.

until:—

עַד אֲשֶׁר until that: (a) with pf., of past time, Exodus 32:20 ויטחן עד אשׁר דָּק (Deuteronomy 9:21), Deuteronomy 2:14 עד אשׁר עָבַרְנוּ, Joshua 3:17; Joshua 8:26; Judges 4:24; I Kings 10:7 (II Chronicles 9:6), II Kings 17:20, II Kings 17:23; II Kings 21:16; with suggestion of degree, I Samuel 30:4 (sq. אֵין, I Kings 17:17; rarely of future time (the ‘future perfect,’ Dr^§17), II Samuel 17:13 (of degree), Ezekiel 34:21. So עַד שֶׁ- (often in NH; v. שֶׁ), †Judges 5:7 Song of Songs 3:4^(×2); עַד כִּי †Genesis 26:13 עַד כִּי־גָדַל מְאֹד, Genesis 41:49 II Samuel 23:10 II Chronicles 26:15; and (of future time) עַד אֲשֶׁר אִם †Genesis 28:15; Numbers 32:17; Isaiah 6:11. (b) with impf., usually of future time, Genesis 27:44 עַד אֲשֶׁר תָּשׁוּב חֲמַת אָחִיךָ, Genesis 29:8; Exodus 23:30; Exodus 24:14 Leviticus 22:4; Numbers 11:20; Numbers 20:17; I Samuel 22:3; Hosea 5:15 +; rarely of past time, Jonah 4:5 עד אשׁר יראה till he should see, Ecclesiastes 2:3. So (of the future) עַד שֶׁ- †Song of Songs 2:7, Song of Songs 2:17; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 4:6; Song of Songs 8:4 Psalms 123:2; and עַד כִּי †Genesis 49:10 עַד כִּי־יָבֹא שִׁילֹה.

עַד alone, until: (a) with pf., of past time, Joshua 2:22; Joshua 4:23 עַד־עָבַרְנוּ, I Samuel 20:41 עַד דָּוִד הִגְדִּיל, II Samuel 21:10; I Kings 11:16; Ezekiel 28:15; of the future (rare), II Kings 7:3 עַד מָ֑תְנוּ, Ezekiel 39:15; Daniel 11:36 עַד כָּלָה זָ֑עַם. So עַד אִם (of the fut.), †Genesis 24:19, Genesis 24:33; Isaiah 30:17; Ruth 2:21. (b) with impf., of future time, I Samuel 1:22 (ellipt.: cf. Judges 16:2, 12 a (b) end), Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 26:20; Isaiah 32:15; Isaiah 62:1, Isaiah 62:7 Psalms 57:2; Psalms 71:18; Job 27:5 +; of the past (rare), Exodus 15:16 עד יעבור עמך, v Exodus 15:16 Joshua 10:13 (poet.) עַד יִקֹּם גּוֹי אוֹיְבָיו, Psalms 73:17; II Chronicles 29:34. In poetry, עַד is sometimes used to mark not an absolute close, but an epoch, or turning-point, in the fut., as Psalms 110:1 (v. De) עַד אָשִׁית אֹיְבֶיךָ הֲדֹם לְרַגְלֶיךָ, Hosea 10:12; Job 14:6 (but v. 3); after a neg. cl., Genesis 49:10; Numbers 23:24 Isaiah 42:4 Psalms 71:18; Psalms 112:8; Job 8:21 (but read prob. with Ew Hi Di Du al. עֹד he will yet, etc., understanding v Job 8:20 as present, not future).

While (rare: cf. 12 b):—

with pf., I Samuel 14:19 עד דִּבֶּר שׁאול while Saul spake.

with impf., Psalms 141:10 יַחַד אָנֹכִי עַד אֶעֱבֹר while I at the same time pass by.

with ptcp., Job 1:18 עַד זֶה מְדַבֵּר (but read prob. עֹד, as v Job 1:16, Job 1:17), Nehemiah 7:3.

עַד שֶׁ- (without vb.) †Song of Songs 1:12. So עַד לֹא while not = ere yet (of past time) †Proverbs 8:26 עד לא עשׂה ארץ (so עַד לָא, ܥܰܕ ܠܴܐ, often, e.g. Genesis 24:15 𝔗, Mt 1:18); and עד אשׁר לא (of the fut.) †Ecclesiastes 12:1, Ecclesiastes 12:2, Ecclesiastes 12:6 (cf. Talm. עַד דְּלָא, Mishn. עַד שֶׁלֹּא).

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare), Isaiah 47:7 Thou saidst, I shall be for ever a lady, עַד לֹא שַׂמְתְּ אֵלֶּה עַל לִבֵּךְ to the point that (going so far in thy pride that) thou didst not, etc. (but Hi Che Du al. join גְּבֶרֶת עַד I shall be for ever, a lady perpetually; v. 1. עַד); Job 14:6 (Di De Bu Du) to the point that he may enjoy, etc., Isaiah 22:14 (Du). In Joshua 17:14 עַד אֲשֶׂר עַד כֹּה בֵּֽרְכַנִי י׳, read עַל אֲשֶׁר because that (Ges Buhl; cf. Di).

עַד לְ, a strengthened from for עַד found chiefly in Ch Ezr, and occurring in most of the above senses. Thus

of space: עַר לְבוֹא חֲמָת Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3; I Chronicles 13:5, עד ל׳ מִדְבָּ֫רָה I Chronicles 5:9, עד ל׳ מצרים II Chronicles 26:8; עַד לְמִזְרַח הַנָּ֑יְא I Chronicles 4:39, עַד לַמְצָד I Chronicles 12:17; עַד לִגְרָר II Chronicles 14:12; עַד לַשָּׁמַיִם II Chronicles 28:9; Ezra 9:6; עַד לְמֵרָחוֹק II Chronicles 26:15; Ezra 3:13.

Of time: עד לעולם I Chronicles 23:25; I Chronicles 28:7; עד למנחת הערבEzra 9:4; עַד לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה Ezra 10:14 prob. during (Keil: Ges Be with regard to, strengthened for לְּ); sq. inf. עַד לַעֲלוֹת הַמִּנְחָה I Kings 18:29; עַד לִכְלוֹת I Chronicles 28:20; II Chronicles 29:28; עַד לְכַלֵּה II Chronicles 24:10; II Chronicles 31:1; עד להשׁחית II Chronicles 26:16; עַד לָמוּת II Chronicles 32:24 (‖ II Kings 20:1 לָמוּת alone); Ezra 10:14 עד להשׁיב.

Of degree: עַד לְמַחֲנֶה גָדוֹל even unto (till there was) a great camp, I Chronicles 12:23; עַד לְמַ֫עְלָה = exceedingly II Chronicles 16:12; II Chronicles 17:12; II Chronicles 26:8; עַד לִמְאֹד II Chronicles 16:14; עַד לְשִׂמְחָה II Chronicles 29:30; עַד לָרֹב II Chronicles 31:10; עַד לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא II Chronicles 36:16.

עֲדֶ֫נָֿה

Ecclesiastes 4:2 Baer Ginsb (al. עֲדֶ֫נָּה), abbrev. עֲדֶן Ecclesiastes 4:3 (from עַד־הֵנָּה, עַד־הֵן; cf. NH עֲדַיִן, e.g. Ned. Ecclesiastes 9:10), adv. hitherto, still.

עָדָה²

vb. ornament, deck oneself (Aramaic in deriv. עִידּוּת, ornament; cf. perhaps עֲדִיתָא, scurf, scab; Arabic عَدْوَى mange, scab, etc. [as sheathing, or excrescence?], also عِدَّى, broad stone for covering grave, etc., Lane¹⁹⁷⁹);—

Pf. 2 fs. וְעָדִית Ezekiel 23:40; Impf. 3 fs. תַּעְדֶּה Isaiah 61:10, וַתַּ֫עַד Hosea 2:15; 2 fs. תַּעְדִּי Jeremiah 4:30; Jeremiah 31:4, וַתַּעְדִּי Ezekiel 16:13; 1 s. sf. וָאֶעְדֵּךְ v Ezekiel 16:11; Imv. ms. עֲדֵה־נָא Job 40:10;—ornament; usually

reflex., deck oneself with, c. acc. of (woman’s) ornaments, of bride Isaiah 61:10 (sim.; cf. הִלְבִּישׁ v a); fig. of Isr. Hosea 2:15; Jeremiah 31:4; Jerus. Jeremiah 4:30 (c. acc. cogn.; ‖ לָבַשׁ), Ezekiel 16:13 (מַלְבּוּשֵׁךְ in ‖ clause), Ezekiel 23:40 (c. acc. cogn.).

metaph., עֲדֵה־נָא גָאוֹן וגו׳ Job 40:10 deck now thyself [Job] with majesty.

c. 2 acc., וָאֶעְדֵּךְ עֶ֑דִי Ezekiel 16:11 and I decked thee [Jerus.] with finery (? read Hiph. וָאַ׳).

עָדָה³

n.pr.f. (ornament; or (Arabic غُدْوَةٌ, غَدْوَةٌ) morning) 𝔊 Αδ(δ)α;—wife,

of Lamech Genesis 4:19, Genesis 4:20, Genesis 4:23 (J).

of Esau Genesis 36:2, Genesis 36:4, Genesis 36:10, Genesis 36:12, Genesis 36:16 (P^R).

עֲדִי

n.[m.] coll. ornaments (with which one is decked);—ע׳ abs. Isaiah 49:18, עֶדִ֑י Ezekiel 16:11; Ezekiel 23:40; cstr. II Samuel 1:24 +; sf. עֶדְיוֹ Exodus 33:4 +, עֶדְיְךָ Exodus 33:5, etc.;—ornaments:

of women II Samuel 1:24 (ע׳ זָהָב), Jeremiah 2:32; of Jerus. under fig. of woman Jeremiah 4:30 (ע׳ זָהָב), Ezekiel 16:11; Ezekiel 23:40 (all acc. cogn. c. עָדָה), Isaiah 49:18 (sim.).—עֲדִי עֲדָיִים Ezekiel 16:7, read prob. עַד עִדִּים unto menstruation (maturity), JDMich Co Berthol (reading בְּעֵת עִדּ׳), Toy. עֶדְיֵךְ Psalms 103:5 [sf. ref. to נַפְשִׁי] is dub., 𝔊 τ. ἐπιθυμίαν σου (reading אַוָּתֵךְ? this usually c. נֶפֶשׁ]; thine age, prime (cf. 1. עַד) JDMich Thes; conject. in Hup-Now Che Du.

of men Exodus 33:4, Exodus 33:5, Exodus 33:6 (JE).

in gen., as feeding pride Ezekiel 7:20 (צְבִי עֶדְיוֹ, sf. ref. to silver and gold, v Jeremiah 7:19).

trappings of horse Psalms 32:9 (De Hup, cf. Du), si vera l., but prob. corrupt; Che (after v. Ortenb.) לִבְלֹ֑ם עַד יוּבַל אֵלֶיךָ must be curbed till he can be brought, etc.

עֲדִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (an ornament is Ēl; cf. Sab. n.pr. עדאל Hal ^{51, 2});—

a Simeonite I Chronicles 4:36, 𝔊A Εδιηλ, 𝔊L Αδαηλ.

a priest I Chronicles 9:12, 𝔊 Αδιηλ.

father of officer, David’s time I Chronicles 27:25, 𝔊 Ωδιηλ.—Cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 225, 231}.

עֲדָיָ֫ה(וּ)

n.pr.m. (י׳ has decked himself);—

עֲדָיָ֫הוּ father of a Judaean captain II Chronicles 23:1, 𝔊 Αζεια, A Αδαια, 𝔊L Αδαιου (genit.). Elsewhere עֲדָיָה:

grandfather of Josiah II Kings 22:1, 𝔊 Εδεινα, A Ιεδιδα, 𝔊L Οζιου (genit.).

a Levite I Chronicles 6:26, 𝔊 Αζεια, A 𝔊L Αδ(α)ια.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:21, 𝔊 Αβια, A Αλαια 𝔊L Αδαια.

a priest I Chronicles 9:12 Nehemiah 11:12, 𝔊 Αδαια(ς).

two with foreign wives:

Ezra 10:29, 𝔊 Αδα, 𝔊L Αδαιας.

v Ezra 10:39, 𝔊 Αδαια, 𝔊L Αδδαιας.

a Judahite Nehemiah 11:5, 𝔊 Οζ(ε)ια, 𝔊L Αδαια.

עֵדָה²

עֵדָה³

v. עוד.

עִדָּה²

(א) v. עדד.

עֲדִי²

(וּ) v. II. עדה.

עֲדֻלָּם

n.pr.loc. old Canaanite city, 𝔊 Οδολλαμ, with king Joshua 12:15 (D), in the שְׁפֵלָה Joshua 15:35 (P; 𝔊L Αδαλαμ), cf. Micah 1:15; Nehemiah 11:30; (re-) built by Rehob. according to II Chronicles 11:7 (Οδολαμ); מְעָדַת ע׳ (read מְצֻדַת, מְצָדַת, v. מְצָרָה sub I. ערר) I Samuel 22:1; II Samuel 23:13; I Chronicles 11:15; site prob. ʿÎd-el-Mîye, c. I Chronicles 11:13 miles WSW. from Bethlehem, v. GASm^{Geogr. 229} Buhl^{Geogr. 193} and reff.

עֲדֻלָּמִי

adj.gent. Adullamite;—אִישׁ ע׳ Genesis 38:1, הָע׳ as subst. v Genesis 38:12, Genesis 38:20.

עֵ֫דֶן

n.[m.] luxury, dainty, delight;—pl. abs. עֲדָנִים luxuries II Samuel 1:24 si vera l. (read perhaps סְדִינִים [v. סָדִין] Klo Gr HPS); pl. sf. Jeremiah 51:34 he hath filled his belly מֵעֲדָנָ֑י from my dainties (fig. of Nebuchad.’s plunder; Gie reads מַעֲדַנָּי֑); 𝔗 Gf Rothst join with foll.: from my dainties hath he thrust me forth; fig. of delights of worshipping י׳, נַחַל עֲדָנֶיךָ Psalms 36:9 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן בֵּיתֶ֑ךָ).

עֵ֫דֶן²

n.pr.m. Levite name II Chronicles 29:12 (𝔊 Ιω(α)δαν), II Chronicles 31:15 (𝔊 Οδομ, 𝔊L Ιαδαν).

עַדְנָא

n.pr.m.

man with foreign wife Ezra 10:30 (Ginsb; עַדְנָה van d. H. Baer), 𝔊 Αιδαινε, 𝔊L Εδνα.

Nehemiah 12:5, 𝔊א Αδανας, 𝔊L Εδνας.

עֶדְנָה

n.f. delight;—Genesis 18:12 (sexual).

עַדְנָה

n.pr.m.

a prince of Judah II Chronicles 17:14, 𝔊 Εδνα(α)ς.

a Manassite I Chronicles 12:21, prob. (reading ע׳, with Codd., for עַדְנַח; van d. H. עַדְנָח, 𝔊 Εδνα).—Vid. also עַדְנָא.

עָדִין

adj. voluptuous;—fs. עֲדִינָה as subst. Isaiah 47:8, of Bab. personified, (thou) voluptuous one.—עֲדִינוֹ העצנו II Samuel 23:8, read עוֹרֵר אֶת־ הֲנִיתוֹ, ‖ I Chronicles 11:11 Th We Dr, cf. Ginsb^note.

עָדִין²

n.pr.m.

in בְּנֵי ע׳, returned exiles Ezra 2:15 = Nehemiah 7:20; Ezra 8:6, 𝔊 Αδ(δ)ιν, Ηδ(ε)ιν, etc.

a chief Nehemiah 10:17, 𝔊 Ηδ(ε)ιν, Αδειν.

עֲדִינָא

n.pr.m. Reubenite captain, David’s time, according to I Chronicles 11:42, 𝔊 Αδ(ε)ινα.

עֵ֫דֶן³

n.pr.terr. (prob. associated by Heb. with i. עֵדֶן);—district in which lay garden of י׳, home of Adam and Eve: וַיִּטַּע גַּן־בְּעֵדֶן Genesis 2:8, river יֹצֵא מֵע׳ v Genesis 2:10, קִדְמַת־ע׳ Genesis 4:16; גַּן־ע׳ Genesis 2:15; Genesis 3:23, Genesis 3:24 (all 𝔊 Εδεμ); cf. כְּגַן־ע׳ Ezekiel 36:35 Joel 2:3 and כְּע׳ Isaiah 51:3 (‖ גַּן־י׳), all sim. of fertility; ע׳ גַּן־אֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 28:13, עֲצֵי ע׳ אֲשֶׁר בְּגַן הָאֱלֹהִים Ezekiel 31:9, עֲצֵי ע׳ v Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18^(×2) (𝔊 Ez Jo ἡ τρυφή; Is παράδεισος).

עֶ֫דֶן

n.pr. (? urb. et) terr. conquered by Assyria (prob. = iv. עֵדֶן; pointed עֶדֶן, to differentiate from iii. ע׳, cf. WMM^{As. u. Eur. 291});—בְּנֵי־ע׳ II Kings 19:12 (𝔊 υἱοὺς Ἔδεμ) = Isaiah 37:12 (in Telassar), ע׳ alone Ezekiel 27:23 (+ חָרָן וְכַנֶּה); prob. = Adini on Middle Euphrates Schr^COT 2 K^{19, 12} Dl^{Pa 263 f.}.—בֵּית ע׳, v. p. 112.

עֲדֶן

v. עַד prep. sub I. עדה.

עֵ֫דֶר

n.m. Genesis 29, Genesis 2 flock, herd (NH id.; Aramaic עַדְרָא on 𝔊 Γαδερ Genesis 35:16 (= ℌ v Genesis 35:21) v Lag^{BN 76 f.}, who assigns ע׳ therefore, plausibly, to III. עדר (غدر), as lagging, loitering);—ע׳ abs. Genesis 32:17^(×2) +, cstr. Song of Songs 4:1 +; sf. עֶדְרוֹ Isaiah 40:11 +; pl. עֲדָרִים Genesis 29:2 +, cstr. עֶדְרֵי Micah 5:7 +, etc.;—

flock:

of sheep, ע׳ צֹאן Genesis 29:2 (J), Micah 5:7, ע׳ הַצּ׳ Joel 1:18; cf. Genesis 29:2, Genesis 29:3, Genesis 29:8; Genesis 30:40 (all J), I Samuel 17:34 Jeremiah 51:23 Malachi 1:14; ‖ צֹאן Ezekiel 34:12 (sim.), Proverbs 27:23; + בְּהֵמָה II Chronicles 32:28; ע׳ הָֽרְחֵלִים Song of Songs 6:6 = Song of Songs 4:2 (ins. prob. הָֽר׳); sign of desolation Isaiah 17:2; Isaiah 32:14 (מִרְעֵה ע׳), Zephaniah 2:14 Jeremiah 6:3, of peace Jeremiah 31:24; in sim. also Micah 2:12 Jeremiah 31:10 Psalms 78:52; fig. of Isr. Isaiah 40:11 Jeremiah 13:20 (‖ זֹאן), ע׳ יהוה v Jeremiah 13:17, so עֶדְרוֹ Zechariah 10:3.

of goats, ע׳ הָעִוִּים Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5.

undefined Judges 5:16 Job 24:2 Song of Songs 1:7.

herds, flocks and herds:

incl. sheep, cattle, etc., Genesis 32:17^(×4), Genesis 32:20 (cf. v Genesis 32:14; all E)

specif. ע׳ בָקָר Joel 1:18.—מִגְדַּל־עֵדֶר v. p. 154 supr.

עֵ֫דֶר²

n.pr.m. (cf. Nab. n.pr. עדרו = Arabic غُدَرُ Lzb ³³⁷);—a Levite I Chronicles 23:23; I Chronicles 24:30, 𝔊 Αιδαθ, Ηλα, A 𝔊L Εδερ.

עֵ֫דֶר³

n.pr.loc. in extreme S. of Judah Joshua 15:21, site unknown; 𝔊 Αρα, A Εδραι, 𝔊L Εβερ.

עָב³

n.m. Isaiah 19, Isaiah 1 and (I Kings 18:44 Kö^{Synt. 163}) f. dark cloud, cloud-mass, thicket;—ע׳ abs. I Kings 18:44 +, cstr. Isaiah 18:4; Proverbs 16:15; pl. עָבִים Judges 5:4 +, עָבוֹת II Samuel 23:4 Psalms 77:18; cstr. עָבֵי II Samuel 22:12 Psalms 18:12; sf. עָבָיו Psalms 18:13 (but prob. del., v. עבר Qal ad fin.);—

dark cloud:

rain-cloud Judges 5:4; Isaiah 5:6; I Kings 18:44, I Kings 18:45 + 9 times.

as high Isaiah 14:14 Job 20:6, + Ezekiel 19:11; Ezekiel 31:3, Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14 (reading עָבוֹת, v. עֲבֹת).

chariot of י׳ Isaiah 19:1 Psalms 104:3; covering his eyes Job 22:14.

casting shadow Isaiah 25:5, cf. II Samuel 23:4.

as swift Isaiah 60:8, and transient Isaiah 44:22; Job 30:15 (all sim.). f. disposed by God Job 36:29; Job 37:16. g. ע׳ טַל Isaiah 18:4 cloud of dew, dew-mist (sim.).

(cloud-) mass, ע׳ שְׁחָקִים II Samuel 22:12 masses of clouds (enwrapping י׳) = Psalms 18:12 (v Psalms 18:13 v. supr.).

thicket as refuge Jeremiah 4:29 (perhaps under Aramaic influence).—עַב Exodus 19:9 v. עֲבִי sub עבה. 1. עָב v. p. 712 supr.

עֻגָה²

n.f. disc or cake of bread;—abs. ע׳ Hosea 7:8; I Kings 17:13, cstr. עֻגַת I Kings 19:6; Ezekiel 4:12; pl. עֻגוֹת Genesis 18:6; Numbers 11:8; cstr. עֻגֹת Exodus 12:39;—bread-cake, made of קֶמַח סֹלֶת Genesis 18:6 (J), of קֶמַח I Kings 17:13, of manna Numbers 11:8 (JE; vb. בִּשֵּׁל), of barley Ezekiel 4:12 (sim.); unleavened, עֻגֹת מַצּוֹת Exodus 12:39 (E; vb. אָפָה); ע׳ רְצָפִים I Kings 19:6 cake of hot-stones, i.e. baked on them; metaph. ע׳ בְּלִי הֲפוּכָה Hosea 7:8 Ephr. is a cake not turned (i.e. burnt, ruined).—On ע׳ v. Benz^{Arch. 85 f.} Now^{Arch. i. iii} Kennedy^{Ency. Bib.Bread} and synonyms, Ib.^Cake.

עוֹג

and (I Kings 4:19) עֹג n.pr.m. (orig. n.pr. div. according to RS^{Sem i.91, 2nd ed. 93});—Og, giant king of Bashan (i.e., peculiarly, of a country, v. RS^l.c.), usually + סִיחוֹן (q.v.); Numbers 21:33 (JE), Numbers 32:33 (P), Deuteronomy 1:4; Deuteronomy 3:1, Deuteronomy 3:3, Deuteronomy 3:4, Deuteronomy 3:10, Deuteronomy 3:11, Deuteronomy 3:13; Deuteronomy 4:47; Deuteronomy 29:6; Deuteronomy 31:4; Joshua 2:10; Joshua 9:10; Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12, Joshua 13:30, Joshua 13:31 (prob. all D), I Kings 4:19; Nehemiah 9:22 Psalms 135:11; Psalms 136:20; 𝔊 Ωγ (Γωγ B Deuteronomy 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:47).

עוּגָב²

עוֹד

and (14 times: Fr^{MM 256}) עֹד, subst. a going round, continuance, but used mostly as adv. acc. still, yet, again, besides: with sf. עוֹדֶנִּי (with appar. verbal form, like אֵינֶנִּי: Ol^{§ 222 g} Sta^{§ 352 b} Kö^{ii. 444, iii. 360} Ges^{§ 100. 5}), †Deuteronomy 31:27; Joshua 14:11; I Samuel 20:14, עוֹדִי †Genesis 48:15 Psalms 104:33; Psalms 139:18; Psalms 146:2; עוֹדְךָ Genesis 46:30 + 4 times, f. עוֹדָךְ †I Kings 1:14; עוֹדֶנּוּ Genesis 18:22 + 20 times (never עוֹדוֹ), עוֹדֶנָּה †I Kings 1:22, עוֹדָהּ †Isaiah 28:4; עוֹדָם †Exodus 4:18 Esther 6:14, Esther 6:3 fpl. עוֹדֶינָה †Lamentations 4:17 Kt (Qr 1 pl. עוֹדֵינוּ); there occur also עוֹר אֲנִי †II Samuel 14:32; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, and עוֹד הֵם †Isaiah 65:24:—

as adv.:

(a) expressing continuance, persistence, usually of the past or present, still, yet, Genesis 18:22 ואברהם עודנו עֹמֵד and A., he was still standing before י׳ (note often so עוֹדֶנּוּ after cas. pend., Genesis 44:14 I Samuel 13:7; I Kings 12:2; Jeremiah 33:1; II Chronicles 34:3), Genesis 29:7 הן עוד היום גדול the day is still high, Genesis 31:14; Genesis 43:7 הַעוֹד אֲבִיכֶם חַי, v Genesis 43:27; Genesis 45:3; Exodus 4:18; Exodus 9:2; Numbers 19:13; Judges 6:24; Judges 8:20; I Kings 20:32 הַעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי; II Samuel 14:32 (but Kö^{iii. 558} עַד), II Samuel 18:14; Isaiah 5:25 ועוד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה; Isaiah 10:32 עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד still to-day (such is his haste) will he tarry in Nob; I Kings 22:44 עוד העם מְזַבְּחִים the people were still sacrificing, etc. (so II Kings 12:4 +); II Samuel 1:9 כי־כל־עוד נפשׁי בי, Job 27:3 (v. כֹּל 1 f); Micah 6:10 (v. הֲ 1 b end, and Ke; but also We Now); Lamentations 4:17 the sf. is anticipatory, either of eyes (Kt) or our (Qr 𝔊), poet. for עוֹד עֵינֵינוּ בָּלוֹת; but Dys Löhr al. read עַד מָה for ע׳, Bi ¹ Wild simply עוֹד. II Chronicles 14:6 read either עוֹדֵנוּ (sf. 1 pl. antic. of לפנינו), or עוֹד. Twice, peculiarly, עוֹד לֹא still not (Germ. noch nicht) i.e. not yet (in class. Heb. טֶרֶם), Jeremiah 40:5 עוֹדֶנּוּ לא ישׁוב, II Chronicles 20:33 ועוד העם לא הֵכִינוּ לבבם (the vb. fin. on acc. of לֹא). Sq. וְ, Numbers 11:33 הבשׂר עודנו בין שׁנּיהם … ואף י׳ חרה בעם the flesh was still between their teeth …, and (= when) etc., (cf. Psalms 78:30 Job 8:12); and often in the phr. (מְדַבְּרִים) מְדַבֵּר (עוֹדָם וגו׳) עוֹדֶנּוּ he (they, etc.) was (were) still speaking, and (= when) etc., Genesis 29:9 עודנו מְדַבֵּר עמם ורחל באה, I Kings 1:22, I Kings 1:42; II Kings 6:33; Esther 6:14; Daniel 9:20, Daniel 9:21, so עוֹד זֶה … Job 1:16, Job 1:17 (+ v Job 1:18 for עַד): and of the future, I Kings 1:14; Isaiah 65:24 (עוֹד הֵם מְדַבְּרִים ואני אשׁמע); cf. Exodus 9:17. (b) Expressing addition or repetition, still, yet, more, Genesis 7:4 כי לימים עוד שׁבעה after yet seven days, Genesis 8:10, Genesis 8:12; Genesis 29:27, Genesis 29:30 עוד שׁבע שׁנים אחרות, Genesis 45:6; II Kings 6:33; Isaiah 1:5; Habakkuk 2:3 כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן לַמּוֹעֵד (cf. Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:27, Daniel 11:35), Jeremiah 13:27 אַחֲרֵי מָתַי עוֹד after how long still? with stress on the idea of continuance, Genesis 46:29 וַיֵּבְךְ עַל צַוָּארָיו עוֹד still going on (AV. a good while), Ruth 1:14, Psalms 84:5 עוד יהללוך they will be still praising thee, Job 34:23; with עוֹד prefixed for emph., Exodus 11:1 עוד נגע אחד אביא על פ׳, Isaiah 49:20; Isaiah 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ וגו׳, Ezekiel 8:13, Ezekiel 8:15 Psalms 42:6; Psalms 92:15 +; in the phr. עוֹד מְעַט וְ sq. pf. consec., †Exodus 17:4 עוד מעט וּסְקָלֻנִי yet a little, and they will stone me, Hosea 1:4; Jeremiah 51:33, cf. Psalms 37:10, Isaiah 10:25; Isaiah 29:17; simil. Jonah 3:4 (cf. בְּעוֹד Isaiah 21:16), II Chronicles 10:5 (but see 𝔊 and ‖ I Kings 12:5); עוד … לא no more, both of the past, as Exodus 2:3; Joshua 5:1, Joshua 5:12; I Kings 10:5, and of the fut., as Genesis 17:5 לא יִקָּרֵא עוד שׁמך א׳, Genesis 32:29; Deuteronomy 31:2; Isaiah 2:4; Isaiah 30:20; Isaiah 62:4; Jeremiah 3:16 + often, לא … עוד Genesis 8:22; so with אֵין Isaiah 23:10; Jeremiah 10:20; Jeremiah 48:2 Psalms 74:9 al.

When the continuance is limited by its nature to a single occurrence, עוֹד becomes = again, Genesis 4:25; Genesis 9:11 לא יִכָּרֵת כל בשׂר עוד, Genesis 18:29 וַיֹּסֶף עוֹד לְדַבֵּר and he added still to speak, i.e. he spake yet again (so often with יָסַף; v. √), Genesis 24:20 וַתָּ֫רָץ עוֹד and she ran again, Genesis 29:33 וַתַּ֫הַר עוֹד, Genesis 35:9; Genesis 37:9; Exodus 3:15; Exodus 4:6; Deuteronomy 3:26; I Samuel 10:22 + often; with עוֹד prefixed, Hosea 12:10; Jeremiah 31:4, Jeremiah 31:5, Jeremiah 31:23; Jeremiah 32:15; Jeremiah 33:12, Jeremiah 33:13; לא … עוֹד not again, no more, Deuteronomy 13:17; Deuteronomy 34:10.

Still, moreover, besides (not in temporal sense); Genesis 19:12 עֹד מי לך פה whom hast thou here besides? Genesis 43:6 הַעוֹד לָכֶם אָח Amos 6:10; I Samuel 10:22 הֲבָא עוֹד הֲלֹם אִישׁ is there still a man come hither? (sc. besides ourselves: but 𝔊 We al. הֲבָא הֲלֹם הָאִישׁ), Genesis 16:11 עוֹד שָׁאַר הַקָּטָן, Genesis 18:8 ועוד לו אך המלוכה, I Kings 22:7, I Kings 22:8; II Kings 4:6 אֵין עוֹד כֶּ֑לִי, Isaiah 5:4; Jeremiah 36:32; Ezekiel 20:27; Ezekiel 23:38; Ezekiel 36:37; Proverbs 9:9; Ecclesiastes 12:9; I Chronicles 29:3; II Chronicles 17:6 +; וְאֵין עוֹד and there is none besides, †Deuteronomy 4:39 (cf. v Deuteronomy 4:35), I Kings 8:60; Isaiah 45:5, Isaiah 45:6, Isaiah 45:14, Isaiah 45:18, Isaiah 45:22 (cf. v Isaiah 45:21), Isaiah 46:9; Joel 2:27; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד †Isaiah 47:8, Isaiah 47:10; Zephaniah 2:15.

With prefixes:—

בְּעוֹד, lit. in the continuance of …, i.e. (a) while yet: Genesis 25:6 בְּעוֹדֶנּוּ חַי while he was yet alive, Deuteronomy 31:27; II Samuel 12:22 בְּעוֹד הַיֶּלֶד חַי, Isaiah 28:4 Psalms 39:2; Job 29:5; בְּעוֹדִי alone, = so long as I live, Psalms 104:33; Psalms 146:2 (‖ בְּחַיַּי); II Samuel 3:35 בעוד היום, Jeremiah 15:9 בעוד יומם, Proverbs 31:15. (b) within yet, usually of time, Genesis 40:13 בְּעוֹד שְׁלשֶׁת יָמִים יִשָּׂא ונו׳ within yet three days, etc., v Genesis 40:19; Joshua 1:11; Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 21:16 בְּעוֹד שָׁנָה (sq. pf. cons.), Jeremiah 28:3, Jeremiah 28:11; Amos 4:7; but also of distance, Genesis 48:7 בְּעוֹד כִּבְרַת ארץ לבוא אפרתה (cf. Genesis 35:16 ויהי עוד וגו׳); cf. SI ² ובעוד שׁלשׁ אמה לה[נָּקֵב].

†מֵעוֹד, lit. from the continuance of …, only in the phr. (מֵעוֹדְךָ) מֵעוֹדִי עד היום הזה ever since I was (thou wast) unto this day, Genesis 48:15; Numbers 22:30.

עֹדֵד²

n.pr.m. (restorer);—𝔊 Ωδηδ, Αδαδ:

עֲזַרְיָהוּ בֶן־עו׳ II Chronicles 15:1, so read also v II Chronicles 15:8 (MT עֹדֵד alone).

עֹדֵד a prophet II Chronicles 28:9.

עֵד²

n.m. Deuteronomy 17:6 witness (prob. from reiterating, hence emphatically affirming);—ע׳ abs. Genesis 31:48 +, cstr. Exodus 20:13 +; sf. עֵדִי Job 16:19; pl. עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 +, cstr. עֵדֵי Psalms 27:12; Psalms 35:11; sf. עֵדַי Isaiah 43:10, Isaiah 43:12, etc.;—

witness, testimony, evidence, of things: heap of stones Genesis 31:44, Genesis 31:48, Genesis 31:52 (JE), torn animal Exodus 22:12 (E), song of Moses Deuteronomy 31:19, Deuteronomy 31:21 (R), law-book v Deuteronomy 31:26 (D), witness of י׳ against Israel; altar E. of Jordan, c. בֵּין, Joshua 22:27, Joshua 22:28, Joshua 22:34 (P), cf. Isaiah 19:20; Job’s evil condition Job 16:8; the moon Psalms 89:38.

witness, a person:

God, in heaven for Job Job 16:19; on earth, for Samuel I Samuel 12:5^(×2) + v I Samuel 12:6 𝔊 Th and most, Jeremiah Jeremiah 42:5; see also I Samuel 20:12 (ins. עֵד bef. י׳ 𝔖 Dr Bu Kit Löhr HPS); against persons Jeremiah 29:23; Malachi 3:5, nations Micah 1:2; between (בֵּין) persons Genesis 31:50 (E).

Davidic dyn., to nations Isaiah 55:4.

witnesses, of transfer of property Jeremiah 32:10, Jeremiah 32:12, Jeremiah 32:25, Jeremiah 32:44, betrothal Ruth 4:9, Ruth 4:10, Ruth 4:11; usually of testimony in court, and in civil and social relations, c. בְּ against, Numbers 5:13 Joshua 24:22 I Samuel 12:5 +, c. קום rise up against Psalms 27:12; Psalms 35:11; †עָנָה עֵד שֶׁקֶר בְּ answer (in court) as a false witness against Exodus 20:13 = עֵד שָׁוְא Deuteronomy 5:17, Proverbs 25:18; †לְפִי עֵדִים Numbers 35:30 (P); †עַל־פִּי עֵדִ(ים) Deuteronomy 17:6^(×2) at the mouth of witnesses, so Deuteronomy 19:15^(×2).—False witness is ע׳ שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 Deuteronomy 19:18^(×2) Psalms 27:12 Proverbs 6:19; Proverbs 14:5; ע׳ שְׁקָרִים Proverbs 12:17; Proverbs 19:5, Proverbs 19:9; ע׳ כְּזָבִים Proverbs 21:28; ע׳ חִנָּם Proverbs 24:28; ע׳ בְּלִיַּעַל Proverbs 19:28; ע׳ חָמָס witness of (i.e. supporting) violence Exodus 23:1 (E) Deuteronomy 19:16 Psalms 35:11. Faithful witness is ע׳ אֱמוּנִים Proverbs 14:5; ע׳ אֱמֶת Jeremiah 42:5; Proverbs 14:25.

עֵדָה⁴

n.f. testimony, witness, of things (only E);—Genesis 21:30; Genesis 31:52; Joshua 24:27^(×2) (J uses עֵד for feminine things).—i. עֵדָה v. יעד.

עֵדָה⁵

n.f. only pl. MT testimonies (always of laws as divine testimonies or solemn charges);—pl. abs. עֵדֹת Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:20; sf. (of י׳), עֵדֹתִי Psalms 132:12 (Ges^{§ 91 n.}), עֵדֹתָיו Deuteronomy 6:17 Psalms 25:10; Psalms 99:7; Psalms 119:2, עֵדוֹתָיו Psalms 78:56; עֵדֹתֶיךָ Psalms 93:5; Psalms 119:22, Psalms 119:24, Psalms 119:46, Psalms 119:59, Psalms 119:79, Psalms 119:95, Psalms 119:119, Psalms 119:125, Psalms 119:138, Psalms 119:146, Psalms 119:152, Psalms 119:167, Psalms 119:168 (MT pointing artificial, der. prob. from עֵדוּת, reading עֵדֻת for עֵדֹת, or regarding עֵדֹת as contr. from עֵדְוֹת, pl. of עֵדוּת [Sta^{§ 320 b} SS Buhl]; v. also Dr Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:17, Deuteronomy 6:20 are redactional).

עֵדוּת

and עֵדֻת₂₇ n.f. testimony;—ע׳ abs. Exodus 16:34 +, cstr. Psalms 19:8 +; pl. sf. עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 119:14 +, עֵדְוֹתָיו Jeremiah 44:23 + 4 times;—

testimony of the Ten Words on the tablets as a solemn divine charge, לֻחֹת הע׳ Exodus 31:18; Exodus 32:15; Exodus 34:29 (P), הע׳ Exodus 25:16, Exodus 25:21; Exodus 40:20 (P); ark as containing tables, אֲרוֹן הע׳ Exodus 25:22; Exodus 26:33, Exodus 26:34; Exodus 30:6, Exodus 30:26; Exodus 39:35; Exodus 40:3, Exodus 40:5, Exodus 40:21 Numbers 4:5; Numbers 7:89 (all P), Joshua 4:16 (JE; Kue הברית [ag. him Di], so Benn Steuernag), הארן לע׳ Exodus 31:7 (P); abbrev. לִפְנֵי הע׳ Exodus 16:34; Exodus 30:36 Numbers 17:19, Numbers 17:25 (P); עַל הע׳ Exodus 27:21 (= הע׳ Leviticus 24:3), Exodus 30:6 Leviticus 16:13 (P); tabernacle as containing ark of testimony, משׁכן הע׳ tabernacle of the testimony Exodus 38:21 Numbers 1:50, Numbers 1:53^(×2); Numbers 10:11 (P); so אֹהֶל הע׳ Numbers 9:15; Numbers 17:22, Numbers 17:23; Numbers 18:2 (P) II Chronicles 24:6.

the code of law in gen. (late), as a testimony of God: Psalms 19:8 Psalms 119:88; Psalms 122:4; ‖ תּוֹרָה Psalms 78:5; ‖ חֹק Psalms 81:6. In titles, עַל־ שׁוּשַׁן ע׳ Psalms 60:1, אֶל־שֹׁשַׁנּ֑ים ע׳ Psalms 80:1 = melody whose first line cp. law as testimony to a choice flower. Special laws of the code are denoted by pl.; + חֻקּוֹת etc. I Kings 2:3 II Kings 23:3 = II Chronicles 34:31 (+ חקים etc.), Jeremiah 44:23; חֻקִּים etc. I Chronicles 29:19; מִצְוֹת Nehemiah 9:34; pl. of contents of covenant II Kings 17:15; pl. elsewhere Psalms 119:14, Psalms 119:31, Psalms 119:36, Psalms 119:99, Psalms 119:111, Psalms 119:129, Psalms 119:144, Psalms 119:157. Vid. also iii. [עֵדָה].—For הָעֵדוּת II Kings 11:12 = II Chronicles 23:11 read prob. הַצְּעָדוֹת (cf. II Samuel 1:10 We al.).

עָוָה

vb. bend, twist (so Arabic عَوَى );—

Pf. 1 s. נַעֲוֵיתִי Isaiah 21:3 Psalms 38:7; Pt. cstr. נַעֲוֵה Proverbs 12:8; f. cstr. נַעֲוַת I Samuel 20:30 (but read נַעֲרַת 𝔊 We Dr SS Bu HPS);—be bent, bowed down, twisted, ‖ שׁחה Psalms 38:7; ‖ נבהל Isaiah 21:3; נַעֲוִה לֵב Proverbs 12:8 one perverted of mind.

Pf. 3 ms. עִוָּה, subj. י׳:—Lamentations 3:9 my paths hath he twisted; וְע׳ Isaiah 24:1 its surface will be distort (‖ בּוֹקֵק הָאָרֶץ).

Pf. 1 s. יָשָׁר הֶעֱוֵיתִי Job 33:27 the right have I perverted (‖ חָטָא); so 3 pl. הֶעֱזוּ אֶת־דַּרְכָּם Jeremiah 3:21.

עַוָּה

n.f. distortion, ruin;—עַוָּה עַוָּה עַוָּה אֲשִׂימֶנָּה Ezekiel 21:32 (cf. √ Pi. Isaiah 24:1).

עִוְעִים

n.pl.abstr. distorting, warping (for *עַוְעֲוִים);—רוּחַ עִוְעִים Isaiah 19:14 temper of distorting, i.e. warped judgment.

עִי

n.[m.] ruin, heap of ruins;—ע׳ abs. Job 30:24, cstr. Micah 1:6; pl. עִיִּין (Aramaic form) Micah 3:12, but עִיִּים in the quotation Jeremiah 26:18, and Psalms 79:1.

עָוֹן

n.m. ^{Isaiah 22:14} iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity;—ע׳ abs. Exodus 28:43 +; עָווֹן II Kings 7:9 Psalms 51:7; cstr. עֲוֹן Genesis 15:16 +; עֲווֹן I Chronicles 21:8; sf. עֲוֹנִי Genesis 4:13 + (II Samuel 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֹנְךָ Hosea 9:7 +; עֲוֹנֵ֑כִי Psalms 103:3; עֲוֹ֔נָהֿ Numbers 15:31 (Ges^{§ 91 e}), etc.; pl. עֲוֹנוֹת abs. Psalms 130:3 +, cstr. Job 13:26 +; עְוֹנֹת abs. Psalms 65:4, cstr. Leviticus 16:21 +; sf. עֲוֹנֹתֶיךָ Isaiah 43:24, עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם Numbers 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֹנֶיךָ Ezekiel 28:18; עֲוֹנֵינוּ Isaiah 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these);—

iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27 Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 14:7; Jeremiah 16:17 Lamentations 2:14 Ezekiel 4:5; Ezekiel 7:13; ‖ חטאת I Samuel 20:1 Job 13:23 Isaiah 5:18; Isaiah 43:24; Isaiah 59:2 Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10 Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:13 Daniel 9:16 Hosea 4:8; Hosea 13:12; ‖ פשׁע Job 14:17; Job 31:33 Psalms 107:17 Isaiah 50:1; Isaiah 53:5; ‖ אשׁמה Ezra 9:6, Ezra 9:7, Ezra 9:13; רעה Job 22:5 Hosea 7:1.

ע׳ נְעוּרַי Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth; ע׳ חֶרֶב Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; ע׳ פְּלִילִי(ם) Job 31:11, Job 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנֹתָם Hosea 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi al.); כשׁל בע׳ stumble by iniquity Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2; cf. מִבְשׁוֹל ע׳ Ezekiel 7:19; Ezekiel 14:3, Ezekiel 14:4, Ezekiel 14:7; Ezekiel 18:30; Ezekiel 44:12; לכל־עון Deuteronomy 19:15; אשׁתמרה מע׳ II Samuel 22:24 = Psalms 18:24; עָוֹן אֲשֶׁר־חֵטְא Hosea 12:9.

iniquity as recognized, ידע ע׳ I Samuel 3:13; Isaiah 59:12; Jeremiah 3:13; Jeremiah 14:20; confessed, התודה ע׳ Leviticus 16:21; Leviticus 26:40^(×2) (P), Nehemiah 9:2; הגיד ע׳ Psalms 38:19; לא כסה ע׳ Psalms 32:5; brought to remembrance, הזכיר ע׳ Numbers 5:15 (P) I Kings 17:18; Ezekiel 21:28, Ezekiel 21:29; Ezekiel 29:16; causing shame, יִכָּֽלְמוּ מע׳ Ezekiel 43:10; turned from, שׁוּב מע׳ Daniel 9:13, cf. השׁיב מע׳ Malachi 2:6.

(i) phrases of punishment: פקד ע׳ על Exodus 20:5 = Deuteronomy 5:9; Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18; (J), Leviticus 18:25 (H) II Samuel 3:8; Isaiah 13:11; Isaiah 26:21; Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 36:31; Amos 3:2; without על, Lamentations 4:22, פקד ע׳ ב Psalms 89:33; Job 11:6 v. II. [נשׁא]; יסּר על ע׳ Psalms 39:12 chastise for iniquity; שַׁתָּ֯ ע׳לנגדךָ Psalms 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; גמל כע׳ Psalms 103:10; שׁמר ע׳ Psalms 130:3; שׁלּם ע׳ Isaiah 65:7^(×2); Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 32:18; מַטְבֵּחַ בע׳ Isaiah 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: העביר ע׳ II Samuel 24:10 = I Chronicles 21:8; Job 7:21 Zechariah 3:4; משׁתי ע׳ Zechariah 3:9; סלח לע׳ Exodus 34:9 Numbers 14:19 (J), Psalms 25:11; Psalms 103:3; Jeremiah 31:34; Jeremiah 33:8; Jeremiah 36:3; נשׂא ע׳ Exodus 34:7; Numbers 14:18 (J), Psalms 32:5; Psalms 85:3; Isaiah 33:24; Hosea 14:3; Micah 7:18; סר ע׳ Isaiah 6:7; יכבושׁ ע׳ Micah 7:19; (3) of covering over, כסה על ע׳ Nehemiah 3:37; כפּר ע׳ Psalms 78:38; Proverbs 16:6; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9; Daniel 9:24; כפּר על ע׳ Jeremiah 18:23; יתכפּר ע׳ I Samuel 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: כבּס מע׳ Psalms 51:4; מחה ע׳ v Psalms 51:11; טהר מע׳ Jeremiah 33:8; Ezekiel 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: חשׁב ע׳ ל II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 32:2; (ל) זכר ע׳ Psalms 79:8; Isaiah 64:8; Jeremiah 14:10; Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9; יִזָּכֵר ע׳ Psalms 109:14; בקשׁ (ל)ע׳ Job 10:6; Jeremiah 50:20; (6) פדה מע׳ Psalms 130:8 ransom from iniquity.

Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to disting. from 1; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub 2);—‖ תועבות Ezekiel 36:31; ‖ דם Isaiah 59:3; ‖ חמם Ezekiel 9:9; ע׳ פעור Joshua 22:17 (P); ע׳ סדם Ezekiel 16:49; ע׳ בצעוֹ Isaiah 57:17; שְׁנֵי עונם Ezekiel 4:4; נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי Jeremiah 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; מצא ע׳ Genesis 44:16 (E) Psalms 36:3.

ע׳ בְ: guilt of iniquity upon one Numbers 15:31 (P) I Samuel 20:8; II Samuel 14:32; לא ע׳ לִי Job 33:9 (‖ זַךְ); בלי־עון Psalms 59:5 without my guilt.

guilt, as great, increased: רֹב עָוֹן Jeremiah 13:22; Jeremiah 30:14, Jeremiah 30:15; Ezekiel 28:18; Hosea 9:7; לֹא־שָׁלֵם ע׳ Genesis 15:16 (J); ע׳ עָֽבְרוּ רֹאשִׁי Psalms 38:5; ע׳ עֲקֵבַי יְסוּבֵּנִי Psalms 49:6; ע׳ הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Psalms 40:13; ע׳ גברו מני Psalms 65:4; עַם כֶּבֶד ע׳ Isaiah 1:4; בע׳ נלקח Ezekiel 33:6.

as a condition, בע׳:

חוללתי was I brought forth Psalms 51:7;

גָּוַע expire Joshua 22:20 (P); c. מות die Jeremiah 31:30; Ezekiel 3:18, Ezekiel 3:19; Ezekiel 18:17, Ezekiel 18:18; Ezekiel 33:8, Ezekiel 33:9.

Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize 3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Genesis 4:13; Isaiah 5:18);—אִם יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ע׳ בדבר הזה I Samuel 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; נשׂא ע׳ bear the punishment for iniquity of others Exodus 28:38; Leviticus 10:17 (take away ע׳ Di Now^{ii. 233 n.}) Leviticus 16:22; Numbers 30:16 (P), Ezekiel 4:4, Ezekiel 4:5, Ezekiel 4:6; בע׳ Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:20^(×2); one’s own, Exodus 28:43 Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:17; Leviticus 7:18; Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17, Leviticus 20:19; Leviticus 22:16; Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34; Numbers 18:1^(×2), Numbers 18:23 (P), Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:10, Ezekiel 44:12; גדול ע׳מנשׂוא Genesis 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; נִרְצָה עֲוֹנָהּ Isaiah 40:2 her punishment is accepted, cf. רצה ע׳ Leviticus 26:41, Leviticus 26:43 (H); ומצאנוּ ע׳ II Kings 7:9 punishment will overtake us; תנה ע׳ על ע׳ Psalms 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; ע׳ הוא יסבל Isaiah 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, cf. ע׳ סָבָ֑לְנוּ Lamentations 5:7; הפגיע בו ע׳ Isaiah 53:6; נִקָּה מע׳ freed from punishment Numbers 5:31 (P) Job 10:14; בי אני העון I Samuel 25:24 on me the punishment; עלי הע׳ II Samuel 14:9; בע׳ c. various vbs.: Genesis 19:15 (J) Leviticus 26:39^(×2) (H) Psalms 31:11; Psalms 106:43; Jeremiah 51:6; Ezekiel 4:17; Ezekiel 7:16; Ezekiel 24:23; Ezekiel 39:23; עת ע׳ קץ Ezekiel 21:30, Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 35:5; see also: Proverbs 5:22 (‖ חַבְלֵי חטאת), Isaiah 30:13; Isaiah 64:5, Isaiah 64:6; Lamentations 4:22; Ezekiel 4:4; Ezekiel 14:10^(×2); Ezekiel 32:27.

עָוָה²

vb. denom. (Gerber⁹⁰) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aramaic עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, cf. Levy^{NHWB iii. 626});—

(late) Pf. 3 fs. עָֽוְתָה Esther 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1 pl. עָוִינוּ Daniel 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖ חָטָא).

commit iniquity;—Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱוָה II Samuel 19:20; 1 s. הֶעֱוֵיתִי II Samuel 24:17 (‖ חָטָא); 1 pl. הֶעֱוִינוּ I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Psalms 106:6 (all ‖ חָטָא); Inf. abs. הַעֲוֵה Jeremiah 9:4, cstr. sf. הַעֲוֹתוֹ II Samuel 7:14.—Job 33:27 v. I. עָוָה.

עַוָּה²

n.pr.loc. city conquered by Assyrians;—עַוָּה II Kings 17:24 (van d. H. עַוָּא) = עִוָּה II Kings 18:34; II Kings 19:13 = Isaiah 37:13; 𝔊 Αια(ν), Ανα, and (II Kings 19:13) Ουδου, A Αυτα, 𝔊L Αιναγ, etc.; site in N. Syria Wkl^{Alttest. Unters. 102 f.} Benz; Sachau^{ZA xii (1897), 48} proposes Emma (Tab. Pent.) = Ἴμμα Ptol v. II Kings 19:15^(×2), mod. ʿImm betw. Antioch and Aleppo.—i. עַוָּה v. sub I. עוה.

עֲוִיל

עֲוִית

n.pr.loc. in Edom Genesis 36:35 = Qr I Chronicles 1:46 (Kt עיות); 𝔊 Γεθθαιμ, but 𝔊L I Chronicles 1:46 Ευιθ.

עוּל

vb. give suck (Arabic غيل, غَالَ give suck (while pregnant); cf. Aramaic ܥܽܘܠܴܐ foetus, sucking child; ܥܺܝܠܴܐ foal, so Ethiopic ዕዋል Talm עִילָה);—

Pt. fpl. עָלוֹת giving suck, of cows I Samuel 6:7, I Samuel 6:10, ewes Psalms 78:71 and (fig. of returning exiles) Isaiah 40:11; of both Genesis 33:13 (J).

עוּל²

n.m. sucking child, suckling;—cstr. ע׳ יָמִים Isaiah 65:20 a suckling of days, i.e. a few days old; sf. עוּלָהּ Isaiah 49:15 (‖ בֶּז־בִּטְנָהּ).

עֲוִיל²

n.m. young boy;—pl. עֲוִילִים Job 19:18; sf. עֲוִילֵיהֶם Job 21:11.—ii. עֲוִיל sub III. עול.

עָ֫וֶל

n.m. injustice, unrighteousness (opp. צְדָקָה);—ע׳ Leviticus 19:15 +; cstr. עֶ֫וֶל Ezekiel 28:18 (van d. H. עָוֶל, but v. Baer Ginsb); sf. עַוְלוֹ Ezekiel 18:26; Ezekiel 33:13;—עשׂה עול Leviticus 19:15, Leviticus 19:35 (H) Deuteronomy 25:16; Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, Ezekiel 18:26^(×2); Ezekiel 33:13^(×2), Ezekiel 33:15, Ezekiel 33:18; פעל ע׳ Job 34:32; הִתְעִיבוּ ע׳ Psalms 53:2 (‖ עֲלִילָה Psalms 14:2); שׁפט ע׳ Psalms 82:2; אישׁ ע׳ Proverbs 29:27; ע׳ בְּכַפַּי Psalms 7:4; מצא ע׳ בְּ Jeremiah 2:5, read prob. also Ezekiel 28:15 (for MT עולתה); מע׳ ישׁיב ידוֹ Ezekiel 18:8; בְּעֶוֶל רְכֻלָּֽתְךָ Ezekiel 28:18; of God, אין עול (‖ אֱמוּנָה) Deuteronomy 32:4; חָלִלָה מע׳ Job 34:10.

עַוְלָה

n.f. ^{Job 11:14} (? m. Malachi 2:6 Kö^{ii. 2, 453, § 345 d} Ezekiel 28:15 [עולתה; but ע׳ only here Ez, error for עול] questioned by SS, v. Albrecht^{ZAW xvi (1896), 117}) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong;—ע׳ Psalms 37:1 + 24 times, + i. עוֹלָה Isaiah 61:8 (read prob. עַוְלָה); עַוְלָ֫תָה Psalms 125:3; Psalms 92:16 (Qr) + 2 times; עֹלָ֫תָה v Psalms 92:16 (Kt) Job 5:16; pl. עוֹלוֹת Psalms 58:3; Psalms 64:7;—

violent deeds of injustice, בְּנֵי עַוְלָה II Samuel 3:34; II Samuel 7:10 = I Chronicles 17:9; בֶּן־ע׳ Psalms 89:23, cf. בְּנֵי עַלְוָה Hosea 10:9 (read עַוְלָה Now); אישׁ מרמה וע׳ Psalms 43:1; בע׳ Isaiah 61:8; ‖ דַּם Micah 3:10; Habakkuk 2:12; עשׂה ע׳ Psalms 37:1 Zephaniah 3:5, Zephaniah 3:13; פעל ע׳ Psalms 58:3; Psalms 119:3; Job 36:23; שׁלח בע׳ ידים Psalms 125:3.

injustice of speech: דבּר ע׳ Job 13:7; Job 27:4; לשׁונכס ע׳ תהגה Isaiah 59:3; בלשׁוני ע׳ Job 6:30; ע׳ לא נמצא בשׂפתיו Malachi 2:6; ע׳ קפצה פיה Psalms 107:42; Job 5:16.

injustice, in general, Psalms 64:7; Job 6:29; Job 11:14; Job 15:16; Job 22:23; Job 24:20, + Job 36:33 (for MT עוֹלֶה according to 𝔊 Di Bu Du al.), Ezekiel 28:15 Proverbs 22:8; Hosea 10:13; of God, לא ע׳ בוֹ Psalms 92:16; אֵין עִם י׳ ע׳ II Chronicles 19:7.

עֲוִיל³

n.m. unjust one, Job 16:11 (v. foll.).

עַוָּל

n.m. unjust, unrighteous one;—especially of oppressive ruler Zephaniah 3:5; Job 18:21; Job 27:7 (‖ רָשָׁע), Job 29:17; Job 31:3 (‖ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן); prob. also Job 16:11 (for MT עֲוִיל, so Di; ‖ רְשָׁעִים).

עוֹלֵל

עוֹלָם

v. עלם.

עָוֹן²

עוּן

vb. dwell (prob.; √ of foll.; Arabic عون, عَانَ is support, help, v. especially Fl^{Kl.Schr. i. 87 ff.});—

Pf. 3 fs. consec. וְעָנָה֫ (read וְעָ֫נָה?) Isaiah 13:22 and jackals shall dwell, etc. (on agreement v. Ges^{§ 145 k}; ‖ שׁכן v Isaiah 13:21), so 𝔊 Buhl; Che^{Heb. Hpt.. 124} וְשָֽׁכְנוּ; > 𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 al. √ IV. ענה.—Psalms 87:7 v. מַעְיָן.

עוֹנָה

Qr, [עֵינָה] Kt n.f. only sf. Hosea 10:10: Qr pl. עוֹנֹתָם Baer, sg. עוֹנָתָם Ginsb; > עֵינֹתָם Kt; but read עֲוֹנֹתָם, v. עָוֹן 1 a. p. 730.

עִוְעִים²

v. sub I. עוה.

עוּף

vb. fly (NH id., (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aramaic עוֹפָא, ܥܰܘܦܳܐ id.; Ethiopic ዖፍ id.; Arabic عَوْفٌ augury, from birds (cf. We^{Heid. 2, 202}), fortune, عيف, عَافَ practice augury, عَاىَٔفٌ augur; also عوف, عَاَفَ fly about, of birds);—

Pf. 3 mpl. וְעָפוּ consec. Isaiah 11:14; Impf. 3 ms. יָעוּף Job 20:8 Psalms 91:5 + Proverbs 23:5 Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעֹ֑ף II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11; Nahum 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Isaiah 6:6; 3 fs. (הֲ)תָעוּף Proverbs 23:5 Kt (v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּעוּפֶינָה Isaiah 60:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. עוּף Job 5:7; Proverbs 26:2; Pt. fs. עָפָה Zechariah 5:1, Zechariah 5:2; pl. עָפוֹת Isaiah 31:5;—

fly, of birds Deuteronomy 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Proverbs 26:2 (‖ נוּד); of seraph Isaiah 6:6 (cf. Pōʿl.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub II Samuel 22:11 = Psalms 18:11; roll (in vision) Zechariah 5:1, Zechariah 5:2; arrow Psalms 91:5; of swift army Isaiah 11:14 (under fig. of bird, sq. בְּכָתֵף) Habakkuk 1:8 (sim. of vulture); fig. of ships (like cloud, or doves) Isaiah 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Job 5:7 make high to fly, i.e. make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency).

hover (protectingly) Isaiah 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense cf. Deuteronomy 32:11).

fly away, to a distance, Psalms 55:7 (fig.; ‖ אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v Psalms 55:8); = vanish, of locusts Nahum 3:16 (fig.); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Proverbs 23:5 (Qr) sim. of riches (v. Toy); of wicked Job 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in gen., וַנָּעֻ֑פָה Psalms 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Proverbs 23:5 Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc.?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (v. Toy).

fly about, to and fro; Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹפֵף of birds Genesis 1:20 (P); seraphim Isaiah 6:2; Pt. שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Isaiah 14:29; Isaiah 30:6.

cause to fly to and fro, brandish, Inf. cstr. sf. בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ezekiel 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōʿl. Impf. 3 ms. כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Hosea 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away.

Impf. 2 ms. Qr, v. Qal ad fin.

עוֹף

n.m. Genesis 40:17 coll. flying creatures, fowl, insects;—ע׳ abs. Genesis 1:20 +, cstr. v Genesis 1:21 +;—

fowl birds, Genesis 40:17, Genesis 40:19 (E), Genesis 7:8 (J), Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:22 (P), I Kings 5:13 +; especially (38 times) ע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם fowl of the sky, Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20 (J), Genesis 1:26, Genesis 1:28, Genesis 1:30 (P), Hosea 2:20 Ecclesiastes 10:20 +, carrion birds I Samuel 17:44, I Samuel 17:46 II Samuel 21:10 I Kings 14:11 + 11 times; ע׳ הָרִים Psalms 50:11, ע׳ נוֹדֵד Isaiah 16:2, כִּכְלוּב מָלֵא ע׳ Jeremiah 5:27; redundantly ע׳ כָּנָף fowl of wing Genesis 1:21 (P), Psalms 78:27 (for food); for food also Leviticus 7:26 (P), Leviticus 17:13; Leviticus 20:25 (both H), cf. Leviticus 11:13, Leviticus 11:46 (H, clean and unclean); for offering Genesis 8:20 (J; הָע׳ הַטָּהוֹר), Leviticus 1:14 (P).

winged insects (clean and unclean) שֶׁרֶץ הָע׳ הַהֹלֵךְ עַל־אַרְבַּע Leviticus 11:20, Leviticus 11:21 (H), שׁ׳ הָע׳ Deuteronomy 14:19, so prob. הָע׳ alone v Deuteronomy 14:20; שׁ׳ הָע׳ אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלָ֑יִם Leviticus 11:23 (H).

עוּף²

I. [עִיף] vb. be dark;—only Qal Impf. 2 fs. תָּעֻ֫פָה Job 11:17 (though) it be dark, but read prob. תְּעֻפָה, subst., v. infr.

עֵיפָה

n.f. darkness;—עֹשֵׂה שַׁחַר עֵיפָה Amos 4:13; אֶרֶץ עֵפָ֫תָה Job 10:22 (Ges^{§ 90 g}; ‖ צַלְמָוֶת).

עֵיפָה²

n.pr.

gent. ‘son’ of Midian Genesis 25:4 (J) = I Chronicles 1:33, cf. Isaiah 60:6, 𝔊 Γαφερ, Γεφαρ, Γαιφα(ρ).

m. name in Judah I Chronicles 2:47, 𝔊 Γαιφα.

f. concubine of Caleb I Chronicles 2:46, 𝔊 Γαιφαηλ, A Γαιφα ἡ, 𝔊 L Γαιφα.

עוֹפַי

Kt, עֵיפַי Qr n.pr.m. a Neṭophathite, Jeremiah 40:8, 𝔊 Ιωφε, Ωφε, Ωφετ.

עוּץ

vb. counsel, plan (Aramaic id.; ‖ form of יעץ);—only

Imv. mpl. עֻ֫צוּ Judges 19:30 (GFM reads עֵצָה, but v. Bu), Isaiah 8:10 c. acc. cogn. עֵצָה. (Sta^{ThLZ 1894, Apr. 28, 235} der. עֻצוּ from יעץ).

עוּץ²

n. pr.

m.

(eldest) ‘son’ of Aramaic Genesis 10:23 (P), = ‘son’ of Shem I Chronicles 1:17, 𝔊 Ως, 𝔊L Ch Ουζ.

eldest ‘son’ of Naḥor Genesis 22:21 (J), A Ωξ, 𝔊L Ωζ.

Edomite name Genesis 36:28 = I Chronicles 1:42, 𝔊 Ως, 𝔊L Ους.

loc. (= 1. a, b, poss. also c), מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ הָעוּץ Jeremiah 25:20 (𝔊 om.); בְּאֶרֶץ־עוּץ Job 1:1 (home of Job), 𝔊 Αυσιτις; Lamentations 4:21 (del. עוּץ 𝔊 cf. Bu and reff.); on Uz as vague name for E. country v. especially Bu ^{ix. f.}; Dl^{Pa259, ZKF ii. 87 ff.} puts in Ḥauran, or N. (NE.) therefrom, = Assyrian Uṣṣu, but dub. With name עוּץ RS^{K 261} cp. Arabic n.pr. div. عَوْض,, so We^{Heid. 2, 146}; against this Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 183 f.}, but v. reply RS^{Sem i. 43}.

עָוַר

vb.Pi. make blind, blind (orig. meaning of √ dub.; Thes עור = dig (Arabic غَارٌ etc. cave); Hal^{RÉJ xi, 67} cp. עוֹר skin, whence blindness as cataract;—Aramaic adj. עֲוִיר, ܥܘܺܪ blind, Pa. עַוַּר, ܥܰܘܰܪ = Heb. Pi.; Arabic عَوِرَ be one-eyed, Ethiopic ዖረ be blind Di ⁹⁹⁵);—

Pf. 3 ms. עִוֵּר II Kings 25:7, c. עֵינֵי put out the eyes of = Jeremiah 39:7 = Jeremiah 52:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְעַוֵּר fig., Exodus 23:8 (E) a bribe blindeth, c. acc. pers. (Sam. 𝔊 ins. עֵינֵי); Deuteronomy 16:19, c. עֵינֵי.

עִוֵּר

adj. blind;—only abs. ע׳ Exodus 4:11 +, pl. עִוְרִים II Samuel 5:6 +, f. עִוְרוֹת Isaiah 42:7; (c. art. הָעִוֵּר Deuteronomy 28:29, elsewhere הַע׳ Baer Ginsb; van d. H. לָעִוֵּר Job 29:15, הָעִוְרִים II Samuel 5:6, II Samuel 5:8; Isaiah 42:18);—blind, usually as subst. = the blind:

lit., physically blind:

of men Exodus 4:11 (J; opp. פִּקֵּחַ), II Samuel 5:6, II Samuel 5:8^(×2); Leviticus 19:14 (H), Deuteronomy 27:18; Jeremiah 31:8 Job 29:15; in sim. Deuteronomy 28:29; Zephaniah 1:17; Isaiah 59:10, cf. Lamentations 4:14 (appos.); as adj. attribute אִישׁ ע׳ Leviticus 21:18 (H).

of sacrif. animal Deuteronomy 15:21; Malachi 1:8.

fig.,

of the helpless, groping Isaiah 29:18; Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:16 Psalms 146:8; as adj. attribute, עֵינַיִם עִוְרוֹת Isaiah 42:7.

of the dull, unreceptive, Isaiah 42:18, Isaiah 42:19^(×3) (but v Isaiah 42:19 c read חֵרֵשׁ q.v.); as adj. attrib. עַם עִוֵּר Isaiah 43:8; as predicate Isaiah 56:10.

עִוָּרוֹן

n.[m.] blindness;—only in phr. (subj. י׳), smite (הִכָּה) with blindness: fig. of ‘blind incapacity’ (Dr) בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 28:28; of smiting horses בַּע׳ Zechariah 12:4, i.e. with blind staggers, making them helplessly wild.

עַוֶּ֫רֶת

n.f. id.;—of sacrif. animals, abstr. for concr., Leviticus 22:22 (H).

עוּר

vb. rouse oneself, awake (NH id.; Aramaic עוּר, ܥܳܪ; Arabic عير, عَارَ v. עיר, עַיִר; غير, غَارَ is be jealous, cf. Syriac ܥܝܳܪܳܐ hate, revenge);—

Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְעוּרֶנּוּ Job 41:2 Baer Ginsb, and Qr van d. H., but Kt יעירנו (Hiph.), Bab. Mass. (v. Baer ^{p. 58}), so Ginsb^margin van d. H.; read thus, or יְעוֹרְרֶנּוּ (Pōʿl.) Bu; > contr. form of Pōʿl. Ges^{§ 72 cc} Di; cf. Sta^{§ 484 e}; Imv. ms. ע֫וּרָה Psalms 7:7 +, fs. ע֫וּרִי Judges 5:12^(×2) + 3 times, עוּרִ֫י Judges 5:12^(×2) + 5 times (for rhythm); Pt. עֵר Song of Songs 5:2 + Malachi 2:12 (read prob. עֵד We Now GASm, cf. 𝔊 ἓως = עַד);—rouse oneself to activity, of Deborah Judges 5:12^(×4); of י׳ Psalms 7:7 (‖ קוּמָה, הִנָּשֵׂא), Psalms 59:5 (sq. inf.), Psalms 44:24 (opp. יָשֵׁן), of י׳’s arm Isaiah 51:9^(×3), of oneself Psalms 57:9, of Zion Isaiah 52:1^(×2), of stone (idol) Habakkuk 2:19, sword Zechariah 13:7 (+ עַל against), wind Song of Songs 4:16, harp and lyre Psalms 57:9 = Psalms 108:3; לִבִּי עֵר Song of Songs 5:2 my heart waketh (opp. יָשֵׁן).—Job 41:2 Malachi 2:12 v. supr.

Pf. 3 ms. נֵעוֹר Zechariah 2:17; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעוֹר Jeremiah 6:22 Zechariah 4:1; 3 mpl. יֵעֹרוּ Jeremiah 50:41 Job 14:12, יֵעוֹרוּ Joel 4:12;—be roused Zechariah 4:1 (from [מִן] sleep, in sim.), so Job 14:12 (sleep of death, ‖ יָקִיצוּ, יָקוּם); be incited to activity, c. מִן loc.: of י׳ Zechariah 2:17, of nation Jeremiah 6:22, kings Jeremiah 50:41, whirlwind Jeremiah 25:32; abs. of nation Joel 4:12. Pōʿl. Pf. 3 ms. עוֹרֵר II Samuel 23:18 +, וְע׳ consec. Isaiah 10:26, 1 s. וְעוֹרַרְתִּ֫י Zechariah 9:13, sf. עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Song of Songs 8:5; Impf. 3 fs. תְּעֹרֵר Proverbs 10:12, 2 mpl. תְּעוֹרְרוּ Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5, תְּעֹרְרוּ Song of Songs 8:4 (fem. subj. Ges^{§ 144 a}); Imv. ms. עוֹרְרָה Psalms 80:3; Inf. עֹרֵר Job 3:8;—rouse, incite to activity, c. acc. pers. Zechariah 9:13 (+ עַל against), acc. רְפָאִים Isaiah 14:9 (subj. שְׁאוֹל v. Ges^{§ 145 t}); ע׳ אֶת־גְּבוּרָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 80:3 (of י׳); הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר לִוְיָתָּן Job 3:8; especially rouse, excite love Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4 (all ‖ תָּעִירוּ; fem. subj. v. Ges^{§ 144 a}); עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ Song of Songs 8:5 is dubious, of exciting love De, arousing from slumber Bu, so, reading עוֹרַרְתִּיךְ, Siegf; שִׂנְאָה תְּע׳ מְדָנִים Proverbs 10:12 hatred stirreth up strifes; c. acc. of weapon II Samuel 23:18 rouse, awaken, i.e. wield, brandish (+ עַל against), so read also v II Samuel 23:8 (v. חֲנִית 1) = I Chronicles 11:11, I Chronicles 11:20, so Isaiah 10:26.—Isaiah 23:13 v. ערר.

Impf. 3 mpl. זַעֲקַת־שֶׁבֶר יְעֹעֵ֑רוּ Isaiah 15:5, usually expl. as = יְעַרְעֵ֑רוּ (wh. some read), rouse (i.e. raise?) a cry of destruction, Ges^{Comm. Thes.} De Di Du Ges^{§ 72 cc} Kö^{i. 500; ii. 497}; Phip. not elsewhere, very dub.; read perhaps יְעוֹרֵ֑רוּ; Lag^{Proph. Chald. IL} Che Gu^Kau SS read יְרֹעָ֑עוּ shout, but improb. with זַעֲקַת. Hithpōʿl. Pf. וְהִתְעֹרַ֫רְתִּי כִּי consec. Job 31:29 and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant, that (‖ אֶשְׂמַח), so perhaps Impf. 3 ms. Job 17:8, reading וְחָנֵף עַל־נָקִי יִתְעֹרָ֑ר Me Di Beer (MT וְנָקִי עַל־חָנֵף יִתְע׳, i.e. be excited with displeasure); rouse oneself to activity, Pt. מִתְעוֹרֵר לְהַחֲזִיק בָּךְ Isaiah 64:6; cf. Isaiah 51:17.

Pf. 3 ms. הֵעִיר Isaiah 41:2 +; 1 s. הַעִיר֫וֹתִי Isaiah 41:25 (v. Kö^{i. 500} Ges^{§ 72 x}), sf. הַעִירֹתִהוּ Isaiah 45:13; Impf. 3 ms. יָעִיר Deuteronomy 32:11 +, וְיָעֵר Daniel 11:25, וַיָּ֫עַר Haggai 1:14 +, sf. וַיְעִירֵנִי Zechariah 4:1, etc.; Imv. ms. הָעִירָה Psalms 35:23; mpl. הָעִירוּ Joel 4:9; Inf. בָּעִיר (= בְּהָעִיר) Psalms 73:20 (Ges^{§ 53 q}); Pt. מֵעִיר Isaiah 13:17 +, sf. מְעִירָם Joel 4:7;—

rouse, c. sf. Zechariah 4:1 (as if from sleep, v. Qal); rouse, stir up, to activity, כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעִיר קִנּוֹ Deuteronomy 32:11; c. acc. pers., or equiv., expressed or implied, especially subj. י׳: Isaiah 45:13; c. מִן loc. Isaiah 41:2, Isaiah 41:25; Joel 4:7; + עַל against Isaiah 13:17, cf. Jeremiah 50:9; Jeremiah 51:1 Ezekiel 23:22; הֵעִיר אֶת־רוּחַ פ׳ Jeremiah 51:11 Haggai 1:14 I Chronicles 5:26; II Chronicles 21:16 (+ עַל against), Isaiah 36:22 = Ezra 1:1, cf. v Ezra 1:5; י׳ subj. also Psalms 78:38 (חֵמָה) Isaiah 42:13 (קִנְאָה) יָעִיר Isaiah 50:4^(×2) (+ לִי אֹזֶן); human subj., c. acc. pers. Joel 4:9, Daniel 11:2 (+ אֵת in conflict with, 𝔙 de W Meinh Behrm, cf. Bev. who thinks יערך לקראת poss.); perhaps also, obj. crocodile Job 41:2 (reading יְעִירֶנּוּ v. Qal); וְיָעֵר כֹּחוֹ וּלְבָבוֹ Daniel 11:25 (+ עַל against); especially of rousing love Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4 (all ‖ Pōʿl. q.v.); fig. אָעִירָה שָׁ֑חַר Psalms 57:9; Psalms 108:3 I will arouse the dawn (‖ Imv. Qal q.v.); pt. abs. = stirring up (a fire) Hosea 7:4 (si vera l.; cf. Ges^{§ 120 b}; but text dubious cf. We Now GASm).

declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake, הָעִירָה וְהָקִיצָה לְמִשְׁפָּטִי Psalms 35:23, cf. Job 8:6 (+ עַל over = for; both subj. י׳); abs. Psalms 73:20.

עִיר

n.[m.] agitation;—of terror, ע׳ וּבֶהָלוֹת Jeremiah 15:8; of rage (si vera l.), לֹא אָבוֹא בְּעִיר Hosea 11:9, but St proposes לְבָעֵר cf. We Oort Now GASm.—בָּעִיר Psalms 73:20 v. עור Hiph.—ii, iii. עִיר v. p. 746 infr.

עֵר

n.pr.m. Hρ (cf. עוּר Qal Pt.);—

eldest son of Judah Genesis 38:3, Genesis 38:6 = I Chronicles 2:3^(×2), Genesis 38:7; Genesis 46:12^(×2) Numbers 26:19^(×2).

son of Judah’s son Shelah I Chronicles 4:21.—Vid. also Qal Pt. עֵר supr.

עֵרִי

n.pr.m. a son of Gad Genesis 46:16 Numbers 26:16, Αηδις, Αδδει.

עֵרִי²

adj.gent. of i. עֵרִי, c. art. as subst. coll. הָעֵרִי Numbers 26:16, Αδδει.

עוּר²

vb. be exposed, bare (akin to עָרָה, ערר; Arabic عَوْرَةٌ = pudenda);—

Impf. 3 fs. עֶרְיָה תֵעוֹר קַשְׁתֶּ֑ךְ Habakkuk 3:9 into nakedness (i.e. utterly) is thy bow laid bare, made ready; We proposes עוֹרֵר תְּעוֹרֵר (cf. II Samuel 23:18, I. עור Pōʿl.), and so Now [from √ ערר, lay bare] thou layest, etc.

עֵירֹם

adj. and n.[m.] 1. naked; 2. nakedness ( √ עור Ew ^{423, 426} Ges^{§ 85 t} Sta^{§§ 295, 327 a}; > √ ערם (not Heb. in this sense) Ba^{NB § 27 g} Kö^{ii. 84, 120});—abs. עֵירֹם Genesis 3:10, Genesis 3:11 + 4 times, עֵרֹם Ezekiel 16:7 + 2 times Ez; pl. עֵירֻמִּים Genesis 3:7;—

adj. naked Genesis 3:7, Genesis 3:10, Genesis 3:11 (all pred.); as subst. concr. Ezekiel 18:7, Ezekiel 18:16.

n.abstr. nakedness Deuteronomy 28:48; ע׳ וְעֶרְיָה nakedness and bareness (= naked and bare, of personified Jerusalem), Ezekiel 16:7, Ezekiel 16:22, Ezekiel 16:39; Ezekiel 23:29.

עָרוֹם

adj. naked (perhaps secondary form from עֵירֹם Ew^{§ 163 c} Sta^{§ 327 a}; or from √ עָרָה, q.v.);—abs. עָרוֹם Amos 2:16 + 8 times, עָרֹם I Samuel 19:24 + 3 times; f. עֲרֻמָּה Hosea 2:5; pl. עֲרוּמִּים Genesis 2:25 Job 22:6;—naked Genesis 2:25 (J) I Samuel 19:24 Hosea 2:5; adverb. (Ges^{§ 118 n}) c. הָלַךְ Isaiah 20:2, Isaiah 20:3, Isaiah 20:4 Micah 1:8, cf. Amos 2:16 Job 24:7, Job 24:10; = subst. concr. Isaiah 58:7 Job 22:6; = without possessions Job 1:21^(×2) = Ecclesiastes 5:14; of Sheʾôl. open before י׳ Job 26:6.

עוֹר

n.m. Job 7:5 skin (NH id.; Ph. ערת Lzb ³⁴⁶);—ע׳ abs. Genesis 3:21 +, cstr. Exodus 34:29 +; sf. עֹרוֹ Exodus 29:14 +, עוֹרוֹ Jeremiah 13:23, עֹרָהּ Numbers 19:5, etc.; pl. cstr. עֹרֹת Genesis 27:16 +, עוֹרֹת Exodus 39:34, sf. עֹרֹתָם Leviticus 16:27;—skin:

of men (55 times), שׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ Exodus 22:26 (E), ע׳ פָּנָיו Exodus 34:29, Exodus 34:30 cf. v Exodus 34:35 (all P); (dark) skin of Cushite Jeremiah 13:23; v. also Ezekiel 37:6, Ezekiel 37:8 Lamentations 3:8 Job 7:5; Job 10:11 +; in hyperb. Micah 3:2, Micah 3:3; עוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Job 19:20 the skin of my teeth, i.e. gums (si vera l.); also Leviticus 13:2 + 33 times Leviticus 13 (P), in tests for leprosy (v. especially ע׳־בְּשָׂרוֹ v Leviticus 13:2^(×2), Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:4, Leviticus 13:11, cf. v Leviticus 13:3, Leviticus 13:38, Leviticus 13:39, Leviticus 13:43); עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר Job 2:4 skin in behalf of, for, skin, appar. proverb. phrase of barter, = everything has its price (on varieties of interpr. v. Comm.).

hide of animals (44 times), always—except Job 40:31—after skinning: Genesis 27:16 (J); of sacrif. victims Exodus 29:14 Leviticus 4:11 + 5 times (all P); prepared for use (by some process of tanning, cf. Now^{Arch. i. 242}), sometimes = leather: material of garments Genesis 3:21 (J), girdle II Kings 1:8, any article Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 13:48; Numbers 31:20 (P); covering of tabern. Exodus 25:5^(×2) + 10 times Exodus 26, Exodus 35, Exodus 36, Exodus 39, of ark, sacred utensils, etc., Numbers 4:6 + 5 times Numbers 4.

עוּתַי

n.pr.m.

name in Judah I Chronicles 9:4, Γωθει (= עֲתָיָה Nehemiah 11:4).

Ezra 8:14, Ουθι.

עַז

עֵז

v. ענז.

עָזַב

vb. leave, forsake, loose (NH id. (rare); Arabic عَرَبَ be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph. ušezib, rescue, cf. Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב;—Ethiopic ማዕሰብ widowed Di ⁹⁷³);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Genesis 24:27 +, sf. עֲזָבַנִי Isaiah 49:14 Psalms 38:11; 3 fs. עָזָבָ֑ה Ezekiel 23:8; 1 s. sf. עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Isaiah 54:7; Isaiah 54:2 fpl. עֲזַבְתֶּן Exodus 2:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזֹב Isaiah 55:7 +, יַעֲזָב־ Genesis 2:24, sf. 1 s. וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי I Samuel 30:13, etc.; Imv. עֲזֹב Psalms 37:8, עָזְבָה Jeremiah 49:11, עִזְבוּ Jeremiah 48:28; Proverbs 9:6, etc.; Inf. abs. עָזוֹב Jeremiah 14:5, עָזֹב Exodus 23:5; cstr. עֲזֹב Genesis 44:22 +, sf. עָזְבֵךְ Jeremiah 2:17 +, etc.; Pt. act. עֹזֵב Proverbs 10:17 +, cstr. עֹזְבִי (Ges^{§ 90 l}); f. cstr. עֹזֶבֶת Proverbs 2:17 etc.; pass. עָזוּב Deuteronomy 32:26 +, etc.;—

leave, c. acc. (on order of meanings cf. Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 726});

= depart from, acc. pers. Genesis 44:22^(×2) (J), II Kings 2:2, II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6; II Kings 4:30; Numbers 10:31 (P), Ruth 1:16 Jeremiah 9:1 (‖ הָלַךְ מֵאֵת); acc. loc. I Kings 8:6 Jeremiah 25:28 (י׳ as lion leaving lair); c. מִן loc. intrans. (strangely) Jeremiah 18:14 (of snow).

leave behind, acc. pers. Exodus 2:20 (J), II Samuel 15:16 (+ inf.), Ezekiel 24:21; acc. rei + בְּיַד Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:13, + אֶצְלִי v Genesis 39:15, Genesis 39:18 (all J); + ב loc. Genesis 50:8 (J); acc. pers. et rei Exodus 9:21 (J).

leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) I Chronicles 16:37 (ל of accus., cf. ל 3 b supr.), II Chronicles 28:14.

leave in safety, וְאָ֫נָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם Isaiah 10:3.

leave in a given condition, situation, ע׳ אֹתוֹ בְמַחֲלֻיִים II Chronicles 24:25 they left him in great suffering; c. adv. acc. Ezekiel 23:29; a city פְּתוּחָה Joshua 8:17.

leave undisturbed, let alone Ruth 2:16.

leave unexercised, Genesis 24:27 pregn. he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so ע׳ חַסְדּוֹ אֶת־ Ruth 2:20 (both of י׳); ע׳ חֵמָה Psalms 37:8 (‖ הֶרֶף מֵאַף).

leave in the hand of, entrust to, acc. rei + בְּיַד Genesis 39:6 (J), + אֶל־ Job 39:11 (‖ בָּטַח בְּ), + עַל־ Psalms 10:14 (acc. om., his cause).—So also poss. (c. לְ) Nehemiah 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים for MT לָהֶם), but text prob. otherwise corrupt.

leave to (ל) one (unaided), וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ מֵעֲזֹב לוֹ Exodus 23:5 (E) thou shalt refrain from leaving it (sc. the affair) to him; cf. תַּעֲזֹב לָאָרֶץ בֵּיצֶיהָ Job 39:14 (of ostrich).

leave over, remaining, acc. pers. Judges 2:21 (JE); acc. rei + לְ pers. Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22 (H), Malachi 3:19. k. leave = have nothing to do with Proverbs 9:6.

leave, abandon, forsake:

abandon, acc. rei: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., I Samuel 31:7 = I Chronicles 10:7; II Kings 7:7; Jeremiah 9:18; Jeremiah 48:28; Jeremiah 51:9; II Chronicles 11:14; Isaiah 17:9 (+ מִפְּנֵי of enemy); pt. pass. of cities v Isaiah 17:2 Jeremiah 4:29; Zephaniah 2:4, cf. עֲזוּבָה Isaiah 17:9 pt. = subst. = deserted region. (2) oxen I Kings 19:20; idol-images (+ שָׁם) II Samuel 5:21 = I Chronicles 14:12; flock Zechariah 11:17; pt. pass. of eggs Isaiah 10:14.

forsake, (1) human subj. and obj.: Genesis 2:24 (J; a man his + parents), I Samuel 30:13; Joshua 22:3 (D), Jeremiah 49:11 Psalms 27:10 (parent a child), Proverbs 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלּוּף), cf. אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה Isaiah 54:6, and ע׳ of personif. Zion Isaiah 60:15; Isaiah 62:4. (2) an animal its young Jeremiah 14:5 (obj. om.).

= neglect, Levite Deuteronomy 12:19; Deuteronomy 14:27, poor Job 20:19.

especially (1) fig. of forsaking God (י׳), apostatizing, Judges 10:10; Deuteronomy 28:20; Deuteronomy 31:16 Jeremiah 1:16 + 38 times (often Je and later); + Jonah 2:9 (obj. חַסְדָּם, i.e. God, v. חֶסֶד II); c. ל + inf. only אֶת־י׳ עָֽזְבוּ לִשְׁמֹר Hosea 4:10 (Oort We Now doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) obj. י׳’s law, commands, covenant, etc., Deuteronomy 29:24; I Kings 19:10, I Kings 19:14 + 14 times; house of י׳ II Chronicles 24:18; Nehemiah 10:40. †(3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: I Kings 12:8, I Kings 12:13 = II Chronicles 10:8, II Chronicles 10:13; Proverbs 2:13; Proverbs 4:2, Proverbs 4:6; Proverbs 10:17; Proverbs 15:10; Proverbs 27:10. †(4) but also of forsaking idols Ezekiel 20:8, sins of various kinds Ezekiel 23:8 Isaiah 55:7; Proverbs 28:13 (obj. om.; + מוֹדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Nehemiah 5:10.

of God’s forsaking, abandoning men: Deuteronomy 31:17; Isaiah 41:17; Isaiah 49:14; Isaiah 54:7; II Chronicles 12:5; Ezra 9:9 Psalms 9:11; Psalms 22:2 + 8 times ψψ; + בְּיַד Nehemiah 9:28; Psalms 37:33; Psalms 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֹל; of temporary abandonment II Chronicles 32:31 (+ inf. of purpose); etc. (34 times in all); + Jeremiah 12:7 (י׳ abandoning his house).

of God’s leaving, i.e. ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Ezekiel 8:12; Ezekiel 9:9.

of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one Psalms 38:11, courage (לֵב) Psalms 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Proverbs 3:3.

let loose, set free, let go עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ Exodus 23:5 (E) thou shalt by all means free it (sc. the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, cf. Deuteronomy 22:4; DHM sub ii. עזב); עָצוּר וְעָזוּב shut up and freed, proverb. phr., = all classes of people Deuteronomy 32:36; I Kings 14:10; I Kings 21:21; II Kings 9:8; II Kings 14:26 (exact meaning dub.; prob. either = bond and free, or [v. RS^{Sem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456}] under taboo and free from it); let go Job 20:13 (c. acc. of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Job 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, cf. עַל II 1 d); אֶעֶזְבָה פָנַי Job 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (cf. Thes De Me Stu Di Buhl^Lex Bu; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV SS Bae^Kau Du).

Pf. 3 ms. נֶעֱזַב Nehemiah 13:11; 3 fs. נֶעֱזָבָ֑ה Isaiah 62:12; Impf. 3 fs. תֵּעָזֵב Isaiah 7:16; Leviticus 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Job 18:4; 3 mpl. יֵעָֽזְבוּ Isaiah 18:6; Pt. נֶעֱזָב Isaiah 27:10 Psalms 37:25; fpl. נֶעֱזָבוֹת Ezekiel 36:4;—

be left to (לְ), i.e. to the possession of, Isaiah 18:6.

be forsaken, of house of God Nehemiah 13:11, a city Ezekiel 36:4; Isaiah 27:10 (‖ מְשֻׁלָּח), Isaiah 62:12; the earth Job 18:4, land Isaiah 7:16; Leviticus 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man Psalms 37:25.

(or Qal pass., v. Ges^{§ 52 e}) be deserted, of city: Pf. 3 ms. הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב Isaiah 32:14 (‖ נֻטָ֔שׁ); 3 fs. עֻזְּבָה Jeremiah 49:25.

עֲזוּבָה

n.f. forsakenness, desolation;—וְרַבָּה הָע׳ בְּקֶרֶב הָאָדֶץ Isaiah 6:12.—Isaiah 17:9 v. √2 a.

עֲזוּבָה²

n. pr. f.

Αζαεβα, Αζονβα, mother of Jehoshaphat I Kings 22:42 = II Chronicles 20:31.

(Γ)αζουβα, wife of Caleb I Chronicles 2:18, I Chronicles 2:19.

עָזַב²

vb. restore, repair (?) (cf. perhaps Sab. עדֿב restore, Sab Denkm⁹⁰ DHM^{Öster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226}; also NH מַעֲזִיבָה restoration, erection Levy^{NHWB iii. 186}, Arabic معزب building-stone Kremer^{Beitr. ii. 18});—

Impf. 3 mpl. וַּיַּעַזְבוּ Nehemiah 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerus. as far as the broad wall; > paved Gu^{ZPV viii (1885), 282 f.}, or from √ I. עזב (see views in Be Ryle).

עַזְבּוּק

עַזָּה

n.pr.loc. Gaza, Γαζα (Assyrian Ḫazzutu, etc., COT^{i. 97} Dl^{Pa 290}, TelAm. Ḫazati, Azzati Wkl^38*; Egyptian Gaḏatu̥ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 87, 96, 159, 392}; 𝔊 Γαζα, so Jos^{Ant. xiii. 5, 5, etc.}; Herod. ^{ii. 159; iii. 5} Κάδυτις);—Philistine city (mod. غَزَّة, Ghazze, Razze), c. Lat. 31° 3ˊ N, Long. 34° 28ˊ E. c. 50 miles WSW. from Jerus., near the sea (Rob^{BR ii. 36 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 181 ff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 190 f.}), Judges 16:1, Judges 16:21 (both עַזָּ֫תָה), southernmost of the famous five cities, Genesis 10:19 (J), Judges 6:4; I Kings 5:4; II Kings 18:8, cf. Deuteronomy 2:23; Joshua 10:41 (D); also Joshua 11:22 (D), Joshua 15:47 (P), Judges 1:18; I Samuel 6:17; Amos 1:6, Amos 1:7; Zephaniah 2:4; Jeremiah 25:20; Jeremiah 47:1, Jeremiah 47:5; Zechariah 9:5^(×2);—On commercial importance v. DHM^{B und S 989} Gatt^{ZPV vii (1884), 1 ff., 293 ff.; viii (1885), 69 ff., 179 ff.}.—For עַזָּה I Chronicles 7:28 van d. H., read עַיָּה Baer Ginsb (q.v.), Be Oettli Kau Kit^Hpt.; v. עַי.

עָזַז

vb.be strong (NH id., Hiph., especially in bad sense, and especially deriv. עַז; Ph. עז strength, also in n.pr. Lzb³³⁸; Aramaic ܥܰܙ be mighty, strong, cf. Old Aramaic Nab. Palm. n.pr. עזיזו Lzb³³⁸ Cook⁹⁰; Arabic عَزَّ be mighty, strong, Ethiopic ዐዘዘ id.; Assyrian ezêzu, be furious, ezzu, fierce);—

Impf. 3 ms. יָעֹז Psalms 9:20; Psalms 52:9, יָעוֹז Daniel 11:12; 3 fs. תָּעֹז Psalms 89:14 Ecclesiastes 7:19, וַתָּ֫עָז Judges 3:10; Judges 6:2; Imv. ms. עוּזָּה Psalms 68:29 (but v. infr.); Inf. cstr. עֲזוֹז Proverbs 8:28;—be strong, prevail, וַתָּ֫עָז יָדוֹ עַל־ Judges 3:10 and his hand prevailed against, so Judges 6:2; אַל־יָעֹז אֱנוֹשׁ Psalms 9:20, Daniel 11:12; abs. תָּעֹז יָֽדְךָ Psalms 89:14 (of י׳); of appar. strength of wicked Psalms 52:9; בַּעֲזוֹז עִינוֹת תְּהוֹם Proverbs 8:28 when the fountains of the deep grew strong, i. e. firm, fixed; but Oort Bi Toy read בְּעַזְּזוֹ when he made firm, fixed fast (‖ בְּאַמְּצוֹ); עוּזָּה אֱלֹהִים Psalms 68:29 Che Bae al. shew thyself strong, O God, who, etc., cf. Kö^{i. 363}; < עוֹז הָא׳ the might, O God, wh., etc., Hup Du; הַחָכְמָה תָּעֹז לֶחָכָם Ecclesiastes 7:19 wisdom is strong for the wise.—לָעוֹז Isaiah 30:2 v. עוּז.

Pf. 3 ms. חֵעֵז אִישׁ רָשָׁע בְּפָנָיו Proverbs 21:29 a wicked man maketh firm (sheweth boldness) with his face; so 3 fs. הֵעֵ֫וָה פָנֶיהָ Proverbs 7:13 (Ges^{§ 67 dd} Kö^{i. 372}) she maketh bold her face.

עַז²

adj. strong, mighty, fierce;—ע׳ abs. Numbers 13:28 + 2 times, עָז Judges 14:18, עָ֑ז Amos 5:9 + 4 times; עַז cstr. Deuteronomy 28:50; Daniel 8:23; f. עַזָּה Exodus 14:21 + 2 times; pl. עַזִּים Ezekiel 7:24 + 3 times; f. עַזּוֹת Proverbs 18:23; cstr. עַזֵּי Isaiah 56:11;—strong, mighty, wind Exodus 14:21 (J); border Numbers 21:24 (JE), but read prob. יַעְזֵר (𝔊 Di al.) Yaʾzer was times border; of people Proverbs 30:25 (fig. of ants), מַיִם עַזִּים Isaiah 43:16 (‖ הַיָּם), Nehemiah 9:11; of love Song of Songs 8:6; = subst. the mighty Amos 5:9; Ezekiel 7:24 + Proverbs 24:5 (of physical force; reading טוֹב מֵעַז or the like 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Kmp^Kau Wild Toy); formidable, fierce, of lion Judges 14:18, so (= subst.) v Judges 14:14, of king Isaiah 19:4 (‖ אֲדֹנִים קָשֶׁה), of people Numbers 13:28 (JE), Isaiah 25:3 (‖ עָרִיצִים); of enemy II Samuel 22:18 = Psalms 18:18, so as subst. Psalms 59:4; עַז פָּנִים Deuteronomy 28:50 fierce of countenance, Daniel 8:23, so perhaps = impudent Ecclesiastes 8:1 (reading עַז for עֹז q.v.); of anger (אַף) Genesis 49:7 (poem in J), wrath (חֵמָה) Proverbs 21:14; הַכְּלָבִים עַזֵּי־נֶפֶשׁ Isaiah 56:11 dogs fierce of appetite (‖ לֹא יָֽדְעוּ שָׂבְעָה); fpl. as adv. accus. יַעֲנֶה עַזּוֹת Proverbs 18:23 the rich answereth fiercely.

עֹז

and (rarely) עוֹז n.m. strength, might;—abs. ע׳ Judges 9:51 +, עוֹז Psalms 84:6 +, עָז־ Isaiah 26:1, once עָ֑ז Genesis 49:3; cstr. עֹז Micah 5:3 +, עָז־ Psalms 28:8; sf. עָזִּי Exodus 15:2 + 2 times, עֻזִּי Psalms 28:7 +; עָזְּךָ Psalms 21:2 + 2 times, עֻזְּךָ Psalms 66:3 +; sf. 1 pl. עוּזֵנוּ Psalms 81:2; 3 mpl. עֻזָּמוֹ Psalms 89:18 etc.;—strength, might (usually poet., 44 times ψψ):

material and physical, מִגְדַּל־עֹז Judges 9:51, and fig. (of י׳), Psalms 61:4 Proverbs 18:10, מַחֲסִי־עֹז Psalms 71:7, cf. עִיר עָז־לָנוּ Isaiah 26:1, קִרְיַת־עֹז Proverbs 18:19 (sim.), Proverbs 10:15 = Proverbs 18:11 (fig.); עֹז טִבְטֶחָ֑ה Proverbs 21:22 (of a city, read poss. מעוז Toy); צוּר עֻזִּי Psalms 62:8 (fig.); מְרוֹם עֻזָּהּ Jeremiah 51:53 (of Bab.), מַצְּבוֹת עֻזֵּךְ Ezekiel 26:11 (of Tyre), cf. Psalms 30:8 (reading לְהַרְרֵי־עֹז 𝔗 Hup Che Kau We; but no obj. for vb.; Gie in Bae proposes הָעֳמַדְתִּי for הֶעֱמַדְתָּה); רְקִיעַ עֻזּוֹ Psalms 150:1 his mighty firmament (De Hup Kau al.; Ki AV RV Che the f. of his power, where his power dwells); בְּכָל־עֹז with all one’s might II Samuel 6:14 = I Chronicles 13:8, + II Chronicles 30:21 (where so read, for MT כְּלֵי עֹז, Kau Kit cf. Be Oettli); בְּעוֹז Proverbs 31:17, Proverbs 31:25; abstr. for concr. Judges 5:21 si vera l., but prob. crpt., cf. GFM Bu; of crocodile Job 41:14; קוֹל עֹז Psalms 68:34 a mighty voice; זְרוֹעַ עֻזּוֹ = his mighty arm (fig. of י׳) Isaiah 62:8, cf. Isaiah 51:9 Psalms 89:11 Job 26:2, גֶּשֶׁם מִטְרוֹת עֻזּוֹ Job 37:6; מַטֵּה־עֹז, fig. of political power Jeremiah 48:17 (‖ מַקֵּל תִּפְאָרָה), Ezekiel 19:11, Ezekiel 19:12, Ezekiel 19:14 (vine-branches, in fig.), Psalms 110:2.

personal, social, and political:

Amos 3:11, גְּאוֹן ע׳ Leviticus 26:19 (H), Ezekiel 24:21; Ezekiel 30:6, Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 33:28.

bestowed by י׳, I Samuel 2:10 (song), Psalms 29:11; Psalms 68:36; Psalms 86:16; Psalms 138:3, עוֹז־לוֹ רָ֑ךְ Psalms 84:6; Psalms 138:3; so (implic.) of Zion Isaiah 52:1.

of י׳ as strength of his servants Micah 5:3; Isaiah 49:5 Psalms 81:2; Psalms 84:6, also Exodus 15:2 (‖ יְשׁוּעָה) = Isaiah 12:2 = Psalms 118:14, cf. Isaiah 45:24, עֹז יְשׁוּעָתִי Psalms 140:8, תִּפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמוֹ Psalms 89:18; sometimes as their stronghold, for defence Jeremiah 16:19 (+ מָעֻזִּי), Psalms 28:7 (+ מָגִנִּי), v Psalms 28:8 (‖ מָעוֹז). Psalms 46:2 (+ מַחֲסֶה), Psalms 59:10 (reading עֻזִּי, v. Comm. and Ginsb^margin; ‖ מִשְׂגַּבִּי), v Psalms 59:18 (‖ id.), cf. Proverbs 14:26 (‖ מַחְסֶה); v. also sub 1.—Proverbs 24:5 v. עַז.

might of י׳ (especially ψψ):

as essential attribute Habakkuk 3:4; Job 12:16 Psalms 62:12; Psalms 63:3; Psalms 68:35; Psalms 93:1; Psalms 96:6 = I Chronicles 16:27; עֹז מֶלֶךְ Psalms 99:4 (title of י׳).

theme of ascription in praise Psalms 29:1 (c. יָהַב) = Psalms 96:7 = I Chronicles 16:28, Psalms 59:17 (c. שִׁיר), Psalms 68:35 (c. נָתַן).

exerted for his people and against his foes Exodus 15:13 (song), Psalms 21:2 (‖ יְשוּעָה), v Psalms 21:14; Psalms 66:3; Psalms 68:29 + v Psalms 68:29 (reading עוֹז for עוּזָּה, v. עזז), Psalms 74:13; Psalms 77:15; Psalms 78:26; Psalms 105:4 = I Chronicles 16:11, Ezra 8:22 (+ אַפּוֹ), cf. עֹז אַפֶּ֑ךָ Psalms 90:11.

manifested in connex. with the ark, אֲרוֹן עֻזֶּ֑ךָ II Chronicles 6:41 = Psalms 132:8, עֹז = ark Psalms 78:61.

עֹז פָּנָיו = boldness, impudence Ecclesiastes 8:1, changed by wisdom. De Wild al.; < read עַז פ׳ he who is impudent 𝔊 Siegf (cf. עזז Hiph.).

= stronghold (cf. 2 c): Psalms 8:3 out of the mouth of babes … thou hast founded strength, or a stronghold (for thy defence, cf. v b), so Ew De Hup Kau Sch Che Dr, cf. Du; > praise Vrss Bae.—מָעוֹז v. עוז.

עִזּוּז

adj. mighty, powerful;—of an army Isaiah 43:17; of י׳ Psalms 24:8.

עָזָז

n.pr.m. Reubenite name I Chronicles 5:8, Οζουζ, 𝔊L Ιωαζαζ. (Ginsb^margin. עָזֵז, עָזָן, עַזָּן, cf. Baer¹⁰⁰.)

עֻזָּא

n.pr.m. Οζα, Αζα:

driver of the ark II Samuel 6:3 = עֻזָּה v II Samuel 6:6, II Samuel 6:7, Psalms 6:8 = עֻזָּא I Chronicles 13:7, I Chronicles 13:9, I Chronicles 13:10, I Chronicles 13:11.

in גַּן־עֻזָּא burial-place of Manasseh and Amon II Kings 21:18, II Kings 21:26 (ע׳ perhaps = עֻזִּיָּה, cf. Sta^{G i. 569, ii. 679} Kit).

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:7.

head of family of returned exiles Ezra 2:49 = Nehemiah 7:50.

עֻזָּה

n.pr.m.

Levite name I Chronicles 6:14, Οζ(ι)α, Αζα.

v. עֻזָּא.

עֲזַזְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ is mighty);—Οζ(ε)ιας (= עֻזִּיָּהוּ):

Levite names:

I Chronicles 15:21 (del. Kit).

II Chronicles 31:13 (? Kit).

a Benjamite I Chronicles 27:20 (Kit עֻזִּיָּהוּ; v. also Gray^{Prop. N. 295}).

עֻזִּיאֵל

n.pr.m. (my strength is Ēl);—Οζ(ε)ιηλ:

Levites:

Exodus 6:18, Exodus 6:22 Leviticus 10:4 Numbers 3:19, Numbers 3:30 I Chronicles 5:28; I Chronicles 6:3; I Chronicles 15:10; I Chronicles 23:12, I Chronicles 23:20; I Chronicles 24:24.

I Chronicles 25:4 (= עֲזַרְאֵל v I Chronicles 25:18), 𝔊^B Αζαραηλ.

II Chronicles 29:14.

2. Simeonite I Chronicles 4:42.

Benjamite I Chronicles 7:7.

repairer of wall Nehemiah 3:8.—Vid. יַעֲזִיאֵל.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ

n.pr.m. (my strength is י׳; cf. OHeb. עזיו Lzb³³⁸);—

Οζειας, but also Αζαριας: king of Judah = עַזֲרְיָהוּ:

עֻזִּיָּהוּ II Kings 15:32, II Kings 15:34; II Chronicles 26:1, II Chronicles 26:3, II Chronicles 26:8, II Chronicles 26:9, II Chronicles 26:11, II Chronicles 26:14, II Chronicles 26:18^(×2), II Chronicles 26:19, II Chronicles 26:21, II Chronicles 26:22, II Chronicles 26:23; II Chronicles 27:2; Isaiah 1:1; Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 7:1.

עֻזִּיָּה II Kings 15:13, II Kings 15:30; Hosea 1:1; Amos 1:1; Zechariah 14:5.

עֻזִּיָּהוּ father of an officer of David I Chronicles 27:25.

עֻזִּיָּה Levite name I Chronicles 6:9.

id.: priest with foreign wife Ezra 10:21.

id.: name in Judah Nehemiah 11:4 (also v Nehemiah 11:5 𝔊 for חזיה).—Vid. also יַעֲזִיָּהוּ.

עֻזִּיָּא

n.pr.m. (= foregoing; cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 295});—hero of David I Chronicles 11:44, Οζεια(ς).

עֻזִּי

n.pr.m. Οζει:

Levites:

I Chronicles 5:31, I Chronicles 5:32; I Chronicles 6:36; Ezra 7:4.

Nehemiah 11:22.

priestly name Nehemiah 12:19, Nehemiah 12:42.

name in Issachar I Chronicles 7:2, I Chronicles 7:3.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 7:7; I Chronicles 9:8.

עַזְבּוּק²

n.pr.m. father of one Nehemiah, a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:16, Αζαβουχ, 𝔊L Εζδουκ.

עַזְגָּד

n.pr.m. Ασγαδ, Αζγαδ (Gad is mighty; Gray^{Prop. N. 145});—

head of family returning with Zerub. Ezra 2:12 = Nehemiah 7:17.

returning with Ezra Ezra 8:12.

one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:16.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת

n.pr.m. A 𝔊L usually Αζμωθ, Ασμωθ:

one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:31 I Chronicles 11:33, B Ασβωθ.

father of two of David’s men I Chronicles 12:3.

officer of David I Chronicles 27:25.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:36; I Chronicles 9:42, B Σαλμω, Γαβαωθ.

עַזְמָ֫וֶת²

n.pr.loc. v. בֵּית־ע׳ p. 112 supr.

עַזָּן

n.pr.m. οξα, οζα, in Issachar Numbers 34:26.

עֲזֵקָה

n.pr.loc. Αζηκα, in the Shephelah of Judah, near שׂוֹכֹה, Joshua 10:10, Joshua 10:11 (JE), Joshua 15:35 (P), I Samuel 17:1; Jeremiah 34:7; II Chronicles 11:9; Nehemiah 11:30; not identified.

עָזַר

vb. help, succour (NH n. עֶזְרָה help; Ph. in deriv. and cpds. Lzb^{338 f.}; Arabic عَذَرَ excuse, exculpate, also aid; Aramaic ܥܕܰܪ help, Palm. עדר, rarely עזר Lzb³³⁸ Cook^89.90);—

Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲזָרָ֑נִי Psalms 118:13, עֲזָֽרְךָ I Chronicles 12:19; 3 pl. sf. עֲזָרֻם I Chronicles 12:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזָר־ Isaiah 50:7, Isaiah 50:9, sf. יַעְזְרֶךָּ Isaiah 44:2; 3 mpl. יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Isaiah 30:7; Isaiah 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ I Kings 1:7, sf. יַעַזְרֻנִי Psalms 119:175, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. עָזְרֵנִי Psalms 109:26; Psalms 119:86 + Joshua 10:4 Kt, mpl. sf. עִזְרֻנִי Qr; etc.; Inf. cstr. לַעֲזֹר I Chronicles 22:17, לַעֲזוֹר I Chronicles 18:5, לַעְזֹר Joshua 10:33 + 5 times, לַעְזוֹר II Chronicles 25:8 + II Samuel 18:3 Qr (> Kt לַעֲזִיר Hiph.); sf. לְעָזְרֵנִי I Chronicles 12:17 + 2 times, etc.; Pt. act. עֹזֵר I Kings 20:16 +, etc.; pass. עָזֻר Isaiah 31:3;—help, c. acc. pers. I Kings 20:16; Joshua 1:14 (D), Isaiah 41:6 + II Chronicles 28:23 reading עֹזְרִים Ges^{§ 53 o}, for MT מַעְזְרִים, appar. Hiph.; subj. false gods); c. acc. loc. (city) Joshua 10:33 (D); especially c. sf. pers. Joshua 10:4, Joshua 10:6 (+ הוֹשִׁיעַ; both JE), I Chronicles 12:18, I Chronicles 12:20, I Chronicles 12:23 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:17, I Chronicles 12:19, I Chronicles 12:22), II Chronicles 32:3; Ezra 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy), Ezra 10:15; Daniel 10:13 (subj. Michael); subj. often God (י׳), c. acc. pers. Psalms 10:14; I Chronicles 15:26, usually sf. Genesis 49:25 (poem in J), I Samuel 7:12; Isaiah 41:10, Isaiah 41:13, Isaiah 41:14 + 12 times + II Chronicles 26:7 (c. עַל against), Psalms 37:40 (+ פִּלֵּט), Psalms 46:6 (sf. of city), Psalms 109:26 (‖ הוֹשִׁיעַ); subj. false gods Deuteronomy 32:8; II Chronicles 28:23; c. לְ pers. II Samuel 8:5 + I Chronicles 18:5 + 4 times + II Samuel 18:3 (read Qr לַעֲזוֹר, or לְעֹזֵר? cf. HPS); subj. י׳ Is Isaiah 50:7, Isaiah 50:9; c. עִם pers. I Chronicles 12:22 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:21; + עַל against); c. אַחֲרֵי pers. (constr. praegn.) I Kings 1:7; c. בְּ pers. against whom II Chronicles 20:23 (+ inf.); c. בֵּין … לְ, of י׳, II Chronicles 14:10; abs. Isaiah 30:7; II Chronicles 26:13 (+ עַל against), II Chronicles 28:16; ע׳ לְרָעָה Zechariah 1:15 they helped, with evil result; י׳ subj., II Chronicles 25:8 (opp. הַכְשִׁיל); also pt. c. sf. Ezekiel 30:8 + 3 times; c. לְ pers. II Kings 14:26 + 5 times; of י׳ Psalms 30:11; Psalms 54:6; abs. Isaiah 31:3; Isaiah 63:5 Jeremiah 47:4 Psalms 22:12; Psalms 107:12; cstr. עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה I Chronicles 12:1, עֹזְרֵי רָ֑הַב Job 9:13 (v. רַהַב); Pt. pass. abs. as subst. he who is helped Isaiah 31:3.

Pf. וְנֶעֱזָרְ֑תִּי Psalms 28:7 I am helped (sc. by י׳); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ I Chronicles 5:20 (sc. id.; + עַל against), c. n. cogn. יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Daniel 11:34; Inf. cstr. הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר II Chronicles 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (lit. made wonderful to be helped).

dub.: Inf. cstr. II Samuel 18:3 Kt, Pt. pl. מַעְזְרִים II Chronicles 28:23, v. Qal.

עֵ֫זֶר

n.m. ^{Psalms 121:1} help, succour;—ע׳ abs. Genesis 2:18 +, sf. עֶזְרִי Exodus 18:4, עֶזְרֹה Ezekiel 12:14, etc.;—

help, succour Isaiah 30:5 (‖ הוֹעִיל, opp. בּשֶׁת, חֶרְפָּה), Daniel 11:34; from י׳ Psalms 20:3; Psalms 121:1, Psalms 121:2; Psalms 124:8; in Psalms 89:20 read; נֵזֶר for ע׳ Dy Gr Kau (עֹז Bi Che), cf. Hup; מָגֵן עֶזְר֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:29) = י׳).

concr. = one who helps (cf. i. עֶזְרָה 2) בְּע׳ (בְּ essent., v. ב I 7 b, Ges^{§ 119 h, i}) Genesis 2:18, Genesis 2:20 (J) + Hosea 13:9 (read מִי בְע׳ Che We Gu^Kau Now); coll. (without בְּ) Ezekiel 12:14 (si vera l.; Co עֹזְרָיו); especially of י׳ ע׳ מִצָּרָיו Deuteronomy 33:7 (poem), ע׳ + מָגֵן Psalms 33:20; Psalms 115:9, Psalms 115:10, Psalms 115:11, + מְפַלֵּט Psalms 70:6; בְּע׳ (v. supr.) Exodus 18:4 (E), Deuteronomy 33:26 (poem), Psalms 146:4. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר v. אֶבֶן (9).

עֵ֫זֶר²

n.pr.m. (Ph. and OHeb. עזר Lzb³³⁸);—

a wall-builder Nehemiah 3:19, Αζουρ.

name in Judah I Chronicles 4:4, Αζηρ, Εζερ.

hero of David I Chronicles 12:10 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:9), Αζερ, etc.

עֶ֫זֶר

n.pr.m.

Ephraimite I Chronicles 7:21, Εζερ.

עָ֑זֶר, a priest, Nehemiah 12:42, Ιεζουρ.

עֶזְרָא

n.pr.m. Εσρας, Εσδρας, Εζδρας;

Ezra Ezra 7:1, Ezra 7:10; Ezra 10:1, Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:5, Ezra 10:6; Nehemiah 8:6; called (ה)סֹּפֵר Ezra 7:6 Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:4, Nehemiah 8:5, Nehemiah 8:13; Nehemiah 12:36, הַכֹּהֵן Ezra 10:10, Ezra 10:16; Nehemiah 8:2, Nehemiah 8:9, both Ezra 7:11; Nehemiah 12:26.

priest with Zerub. Nehemiah 12:1, Nehemiah 12:13.

Nehemiah 12:33.

עֶזְרָה

n.f. help, succour, assistance;—abs. ע׳ Isaiah 10:3 +, עֶזְרָת Psalms 60:13; Psalms 108:13 (Ges^{§ 80 g}), עֶזְרָ֫תָה Psalms 63:8 + 2 times; cstr. עֶזְרַת Isaiah 31:2 +; sf. עֶזְרָתִי Psalms 22:20 +, etc.;—

help, succour Isaiah 10:3; Isaiah 20:6 (+ לְהִנָּצֵל), Isaiah 31:1; Jeremiah 37:7;Lamentations 4:17; Job 6:13; II Chronicles 28:21; ע׳ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן Isaiah 31:2 help from, etc.; ע׳ י׳ Judges 5:23^(×2) help of (for) י׳; from י׳ Psalms 22:20, Psalms 38:23; Psalms 40:14 (‖ לְהַצִּילֵנִי), Psalms 70:2 (‖ id.), Psalms 71:12, + מִצָּ֑ר Psalms 60:13 (‖ תְּשׁוּעָה) = Psalms 108:13.

concr., embodied help, one who helps (cf. i. עֵזֶר 2):

coll. Job 31:21 when I saw my help (assistance, support) in the gate; בְּע׳ (v. i. עֵזֶר 2) Nahum 3:9.

of י׳ Psalms 27:9; Psalms 40:18 (+ מְפַלֵּט), Psalms 46:2 (‖ מַחֲסֶה, עֹז), Psalms 44:27; Psalms 63:8; Psalms 94:17; בְּע׳ Psalms 35:2.

עֶזְרָה²

n.pr.m. Εσρει, Ιεζραα, in Judah I Chronicles 4:17.

עַזּוּר

and (once) עַזֻּר n.pr.m. Αζωρ, Εζερ, Ιαζερ:

father of Hananiah Jeremiah 28:1.

עַזֻּר Ezekiel 11:1.

a chief of people Nehemiah 10:18.

עֲזַרְאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl hath helped);—Οζρειηλ, Εζριηλ, etc.:

warrior of David I Chronicles 12:7 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:6).

Levite musician I Chronicles 25:18 (= עֻזִּיאֵל v I Chronicles 25:4), B Αζαρια, A Εζριηλ.

a Danite I Chronicles 27:22, Αζαραηλ, Εζριηλ.

one with foreign wife Ezra 10:41.

priestly name:

Nehemiah 11:13.

Nehemiah 12:36.

עַזְרִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (my help is Ēl);—Εσ(δ)ριηλ, etc.:

Jeremiah 36:26.

a Manassite I Chronicles 5:24.

name in Naphtali I Chronicles 27:19.

עֲזַרְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath helped); Azariah (OHeb. עזריהו, Ph. עזרבעל, Old Aramaic הדדעזר, הדעדר, Lzb^{338, 258} Cook⁴²);—Αζαριας:

king of Judah (Assyrian Azriyâʾû COT II Kings 15:1 Jäger^{BAS i. 468}) עֲוַרְיָהוּ II Kings 15:6, II Kings 15:8; עֲוַרְיָה II Kings 14:21; II Kings 15:1, II Kings 15:7, II Kings 15:17, II Kings 15:23, II Kings 15:27; I Chronicles 3:12 (v. עֻזִּיָּה).

-יָהוּ officer of Sol. I Kings 4:5.

id. prophet II Chronicles 15:1.

sons of Jehosh.:

id., II Chronicles 21:2.

-יָה v II Chronicles 21:2.

priests:

-יָהוּ I Kings 4:2 = -יָה I Chronicles 5:36, I Chronicles 5:37; Ezra 7:3.

-יָה I Chronicles 5:35^(×2).

id., I Chronicles 5:39, I Chronicles 5:40; I Chronicles 9:11; Ezra 7:1.

id., Nehemiah 10:3.

-יָהוּ II Chronicles 31:10, II Chronicles 31:13, = -יָה II Chronicles 26:17, II Chronicles 26:20.

Levites, -יָהוּ:

II Chronicles 29:12.

v II Chronicles 29:12. -יָה:

I Chronicles 6:21.

-יָהוּ a temple captain II Chronicles 23:1 a (van d. H. -יָה cf. Ginsb^margin), v II Chronicles 23:1 b.

-יָה wall-builder Nehemiah 3:23, Nehemiah 3:24.

-יָה one with Zerub. Nehemiah 7:7 (שְׂרָיָה ‖ Ezra 2:2). 10. -יָה Nehemiah 12:33. 11. -יָהוּ Ephraimite II Chronicles 28:12. 12. -יָה name in Judah:

son of Ethan (!) I Chronicles 2:8.

v I Chronicles 2:38, I Chronicles 2:39.*—For עֲזַרְיָה II Chronicles 22:6 read אֲחַזְיָה, cf. v II Chronicles 22:7.

עֶזְרִי

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 27:26, Εσδρει, Εζραι.

עַזְרִיקָם

n.pr.m. Εζρεικαν, Εζρικαμ, etc.:

decendant of David I Chronicles 3:23.

prince in Judah II Chronicles 28:7.

Benjamite I Chronicles 8:38; I Chronicles 9:44.

Levite I Chronicles 9:14; Nehemiah 11:15.

עֵט

n.m. ^{Jeremiah 8:8} stylus (√ dub.; Kö^{ii. 1, 83} (after older authorities) cp. Arabic غوط, غَاطَ sink, penetrate);—ע׳ only cstr.:

of iron, for use on stone or metal Jeremiah 17:1 (בְּצִפֹּרֶן שָׂמִיר with diamond-point), Job 19:24 (v. also חֶרֶט).

prob. = reed-pen (used on roll, cf. Jeremiah 36:2, Jeremiah 36:23 etc.), ע׳ שֶׁקֶר סֹפְרִים Jeremiah 8:8, fig., לְשׁוֹנִי ע׳ סוֹפֵר מָהִיר Psalms 45:1 (cf. Now^{Arch. i. 290} Benz^{Arch. 290}).

עָטָה

vb. wrap oneself, enwrap, envelop oneself (Arabic غَطَا cover, conceal; Aramaic ܥܛܳܐ extinguish, destroy; Assyrian eṭû, be dark, eṭûtu, darkness);—

Pf. 3 ms. וְע׳ (consec.) Jeremiah 43:12; 3 pl. וְעָטוּ (consec.) Micah 3:7; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְטֶה Leviticus 13:45 + 2 times, וַיַּ֫עַט Isaiah 59:17; 2 ms. תַּעְטֶה Ezekiel 24:17; 3 mpl. יַעֲטוּ (Baer יַעְ׳ Psalms 71:13; Psalms 109:29; 2 mpl. תַּעְטוּ Ezekiel 24:22; Pt. act. עֹטֶה I Samuel 28:14 Psalms 104:2; fs. עֹטְיָה Song of Songs 1:7;—wrap, envelop oneself with sthg. (acc., like לבשׁ): וְהוּא עֹטֶה מְעִיל I Samuel 28:14 an old man ascending, and he is enwrapped in a robe; so יַע׳ הָרֹעֶה בִּגְדוֹ Jeremiah 43:12 (sim.), and וְע׳ אֶת־אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם v Jeremiah 43:12 he will wrap himself in the land of Egypt (use it as a robe, fig., of Nebuchadnezzar; so completely will it be in his power, Gf); so fig. of י׳, וַיַּעַט כַּמְעִיל קִנְאָה Isaiah 59:17 (‖ לָבַשׁ), ע׳־אוֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָה Psalms 104:2; of men, כְּבֶגֶד יַע׳ Psalms 109:19 (sim. ‖ לָבַשׁ v Psalms 109:18), וְיַע׳ כַמְעִיל בָּשְׁתָּם v Psalms 109:29 (‖ id.), יַע׳ חֶרְפָּה וגו׳ Psalms 71:13; c. עַל of part covered, in phrase וְעָטוּ עַל־שָׂפָם Micah 3:7 they shall envelop themselves upon their beard (cover the beard, sign of mourning or shame Che Now Benz^{Arch. 165} Now^{Arch. i. 195}), so Ezekiel 24:17, Ezekiel 24:22 and (of leper) Leviticus 13:45 (P); pt. f. עֹטְיָה Song of Songs 1:7 as subst., one wrapping (a veil about her), i.e. a mourner; > a harlot (cf. Genesis 38:14); but preferably II עטה picked lice.—וַיַּעַט etc., v. also עיט; מְעֻטָּה, v. מדט.

Pf. 2 ms. הֶעֱטִיתָ עָלָיו בּוּשָׁה Psalms 89:46 (of י׳) thou hast wrapped shame upon him (enwrapped him in shame); Impf. 3 ms. בְּרָכוֹת יַעְטֶה מוֹרֶה Psalms 84:7 early rain enwrappeth (it, עֵמֶק הַבָּכָא v a) with blessings (𝔊 δώσει, as if from Arabic عطو, عَطَا iii, iv. give, cf. Ne^{Marg. 41}); read prob. also יַעֲטֵנִי Isaiah 61:10 (for MT יְעָטָ֑נִי, v. יעט) with a robe of rightness he envelopeth me, so Brd Di Ry^Kau Du; > Qal Pf. עָטָ֑נִי Klo Che^Hpt.

עַטָה

vb. grasp (Arabic عطو, عَطَا i, vii. take with hands);—

Inf. abs. + Pt. act. sf. וְעֹטְךָ עָטֹה Isaiah 22:17 he shall grasp thee forcibly, cf. Ges^Comm. Hi Ew De Che^Comm. Di Gu^Kau; > Thes RobGes Buhl^{Lex (13)} from I. עטה (he shall wrap, roll the tight together); picked lice Jeremiah 43:12 (Bött^{NÄ 163} 𝔊 cf. Isaiah 22:17 Song of Songs 1:7).

עֲטָרָה

n.f. crown, wreath;—abs. ע׳ Ezekiel 21:31; Song of Songs 3:11; cstr. עֲטֶרֶת II Samuel 12:30 + 17 times; pl. עֲטָרוֹת Zechariah 6:11; Job 31:36, עֲטָרֹת Zechariah 6:14;—crown:

of idol-image (Milcom, 𝔊 We Klo Dr Kit Löhr HPS) II Samuel 12:30 = I Chronicles 20:2; golden, ע׳ פָּז Psalms 21:4; ע׳ תִּפְאַרְתְּכֶם of king and queen, Jeremiah 13:18 the crown of your splendour; cf. Ezekiel 21:31; wedding-crown Song of Songs 3:11.

ע׳ זָהָב Esther 8:15 (of Mordecai); of silver and gold Zechariah 6:11, Zechariah 6:14; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת crown of splendour, on personif. Jerus. Ezekiel 16:12 (in allegory), Jerus. and Samaria Ezekiel 23:42; ע׳ as appos. (= sim.) Job 31:36.

fig. of honour, etc., Job 19:9 (‖ כְּבוֹדִי) Lamentations 5:16; אֵשֶׁת חַיִל ע׳ בַּעְלָהּ Proverbs 12:4, cf. Proverbs 14:24; Proverbs 17:6; ע׳ תִּפְאֶרֶת Proverbs 16:31 (of שֵׂיבָה); gift of wisdom Proverbs 4:9; fig. of Jerus. Isaiah 62:3 (‖ צְנִיף מְלוּכָה), cf. ע׳ גֵאוּת Isaiah 28:1, 3 fig. of Samaria; fig. of י׳, ע׳ צְבִי v Isaiah 28:5 (‖ צְפִירַת תִּפְאָרָה).

עֲטָרָה²

n.pr.f. I Chronicles 2:26, Αταρα.

עֲטָרוֹת

and (Numbers 32:34) עֲטָרֹת n.pr.loc. Αταρωθ, etc.:

E. of Jordan (MI^{10. 11});—

Numbers 32:3 (+ דִּיכוֹן, etc)—mod. Aṭṭarûs, c. 8 miles NNW. from Dibon—built by Gad Numbers 32:34 (+ ד׳, עֲרֹעֵר, and also)

עַטְרֹת שׁוֹפָן v Numbers 32:35 (Sam. ע׳ שפים, v. Di; site unknown).

W. of Jordan, conject. as to sites v. in Di Buhl^{Geogr. 172}:

on border between Ephr. and Benj. Joshua 16:2, = עַטְרוֹת אַדָּר v Joshua 16:5; Joshua 18:13.

on E. border of Ephr. Joshua 16:7.

עַטְרוֹת בֵּית יוֹאָב I Chronicles 2:54 in Judah; a ‘son’ of Salma (+ Bethlehem, al.).

עַי

n.pr.loc. Αγγαι (Gn), Γαι:

old Canaanit. city, עַי always c. art. הָעַי (הָעָ֑י Genesis 13:3 +), near Bethel to the SE. (exact site unknown, cf. Di Joshua 7:2 Buhl^{Geogr. 177}), Genesis 12:8 (J), Genesis 13:3 (J), Joshua 7:2^(×2), Joshua 7:3, Joshua 7:4, Joshua 7:5; Joshua 8:1^(×2), Joshua 8:2, Joshua 8:3 + 18 times Joshua 8 (+ Qr v Joshua 8:12, Joshua 8:16, but improb., Kt עיר, cf. Di), Joshua 9:3; Joshua 10:1^(×2), Joshua 10:2 (all JE), Joshua 12:9 (D), Ezra 2:28 = Nehemiah 7:31; = עַיָּת Isaiah 10:28; עַיָּה (so Baer Ginsb, > עַיָּא van d. H.) Nehemiah 11:31, so read also (for עַזָּה q.v. ad fin.) I Chronicles 7:28.

E. Jordan city Jeremiah 49:3 (+ חֶשְׁבוֹן), but read עָר city (?) Gf Rothst^Kau Co (הָעִיר?).

עִי²

עֵיבָל⁴

v. עוֹבָל sub עבל.

עַיָּה

עִיּוֹן

n.pr.loc. Αιν, in Naphtali;—I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4; II Kings 15:29 (on II Samuel 24:6 v. דָּן p. 193 a supr.). Perhaps = Tell Dibbin, on the platau Merj ʿayyûn Buhl^{Geogr. 11, 110}), between the Lîṭânî and the Ḥāsbânî (Id. ^{ib. 237 f.}).

עַ֫יִט

n.m. Jeremiah 12:9 bird(s) of prey (from scream);—abs. ע׳ Genesis 15:11 +, עָ֑יִט Job 28:7, c. art. (perhaps) הַע׳ Jeremiah 12:9 b (cf. Gie; הַע׳ interrog. v a); cstr. עֵיט Isaiah 18:6; Ezekiel 39:4;—usually coll. Genesis 15:11 (JE), Isaiah 18:6 Job 28:7, עֵיט הָרִים Isaiah 18:6, עֵיט צִפּוֹר כָּל־כָּנָף Ezekiel 39:4; fig. of foes of Judah Jeremiah 12:9 b; of single bird v Jeremiah 12:9 a (fig. of Judah), Isaiah 46:11 (fig. of invader, ‖ אִישׁ עֲצָתִי).

עֵיטָם

n.pr.loc. (perhaps animal-name, from עַיִט, cf. Gray^{Prop. Names 93});—

Ηταμ, 𝔊L Ιταμ, a cliff, סְעִיף סֶלַע ע׳ Judges 15:8, Judges 15:11 perhaps near town עֵיטָם, v. foll., but at ʿArāḳ Ismaʿīn near edge of Shephelah, WSW. from Jerus. according to Schick^{ZPV x (1887), 143 ff.}

Αιταν[μ], etc., city fortified by Rehob. II Chronicles 11:6, between Bethlehem and Tekoa, = ʿAinʿAtān c. 2 miles SSW. from B., Buhl^Geogr.92 GFM Judges 15:8, near Ŭrtâs Rob^{BR i. 477}; clan in Judah I Chronicles 4:3.

Αιταν[μ], in Simeon I Chronicles 4:32 (Be [not Oettli Kau Kit] reads עֵתֶר from Joshua 15:42).

עֵילָם

n.pr.gent. et terr. Elam, Αιλαμ, Ἐλαμεῖται, well-known country and people NE. of Lower Tigris (Assyrian Elamtu Dl^{Pa 320 ff.} COT Genesis 10:22);—as early invaders of Palestin Genesis 14:1, Genesis 14:9, allies of Assyrian Isaiah 22:6; foe of Babylon Isaiah 21:2; abode of dispersed Israelites Isaiah 11:11; prophesied against Jeremiah 49:34, Jeremiah 49:35, Jeremiah 49:36^(×2) (Qr, Kt עולם), v Jeremiah 49:37, Jeremiah 49:38, Jeremiah 49:39 Ezekiel 32:24, cf. כָּל־מַלְכֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 25:25; called ‘son’ of Shem Genesis 10:22 (P) = I Chronicles 1:17; purely local designation ע׳ הַמְּדִינָה Daniel 8:2.

עֵילָם²

n.pr.m. Ηλαμ, Αιλαμ:

heads of families of returned exiles:

Ezra 2:7 = Nehemiah 7:12.

Ezra 2:31 = Nehemiah 7:33.

Ezra 8:7; Ezra 10:2 (Qr; Kt עולם), v Ezra 10:26.

a chief of people Nehemiah 10:15.

name in Benjamin I Chronicles 8:24.

Levite name I Chronicles 26:3.

a priest Nehemiah 12:42.

עַ֫יִן

n.f. Genesis 3:7 and (Zechariah 3:9; Zechariah 4:10 Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 75}) m. eye (ancient Sem. word; √ and relation to ii. ע׳ unknown; NH id.; Ph. ען; 𝔗 עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Palm. עינא, Zinj. sf. עיני, עינך; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ; Assyrian ênu, enu, TelAm. sf. inaya and (appar. Can. gloss) ḫinaya; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን );—abs. ע׳ Exodus 21:4 +, cstr. עֵין v Exodus 21:26 +; sf. עֵינִי Genesis 44:21 + (II Samuel 16:12 read עָנְיִי Vrss Comm.), עֵינֵךָ Deuteronomy 7:16 +, עֵינֵנוּ Psalms 35:21 (II Samuel 20:6 v. נצל Hiph.); sf. 3 mpl. עֵינָם Isaiah 13:18 (Zechariah 5:6 read עֲוֹנָם 𝔊 We Gr Now), עֵינֵמוֹ Psalms 73:7 (but read עֲוֹנָמוֹ v. Comm.); usually du. עֵינַיִם Genesis 20:16 +, עֵינָ֑יִם Isaiah 3:16 +, especially cstr. עֵינֵי Genesis 3:7 +, עֵנֵי Isaiah 3:8; sf. עֵינַי Genesis 31:10 +, עֵינֶיךָ Judges 6:17 +, etc. (Hosea 10:10 read עֲוֹנֹתָם) cf. 𝔊 𝔙 Che We Gr Now);—eye:

lit. as physical organ,

of man Exodus 21:6^(×3) (E), Genesis 3:6 (J) +, Leviticus 21:20; Leviticus 24:20^(×2); Leviticus 26:16 (H; very rarely P, e.g. Deuteronomy 34:4, Deuteronomy 34:7), II Kings 4:34^(×2) +; once שְׁתֵּי עֵינַי Judges 16:28.

anthropomorph. of י׳ Psalms 33:18; Psalms 34:16 (אֶל) +.

of idols Psalms 115:5; Psalms 135:16.

of beasts Genesis 30:41 (J), Job 40:24 (hippop., si vera l., but prob. crpt. Di Siegf Bu Du where see conj.), Job 41:10 (crocod.); bird Job 28:7; Job 39:29; Proverbs 1:17.

in wheels Ezekiel 1:18 cf. Ezekiel 10:12; on stone Zechariah 3:9 (all in visions).

subj. of ראה see Genesis 45:12^(×2) (E), + (often Dt), c. חזה Psalms 11:4; men see בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 3:27; II Kings 7:12 +; especially נָשָׂא ע׳ + ראה Genesis 13:10, Genesis 13:14 (J) +; cf. לְכָל־מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן Leviticus 13:12 = as far as the priest can see, מַרְאֵה ע׳ Deuteronomy 28:34 what is seen by the eyes = v Deuteronomy 28:67 Ecclesiastes 6:9.

as affected by sleep, v. שֵׁנָה sub [יָשֵׁן].

as weeping, ע׳ מְקוֹר דִּמְעָה Jeremiah 8:23, ע׳ נִגְּרָה Lamentations 3:49, דָּֽלְפָה ע׳ Job 16:20; v. also Jeremiah 31:16 Psalms 116:8, and ירד Qal 3 c.

as growing dim, v. I. כָּהָה, חָשַׁךְ 3; c. כָּבֵד Genesis 48:10 (E), קוּם I Samuel 4:15 I Kings 14:4, שָׁעַע Isaiah 32:3; Isaiah 6:10 (Hiph.); c. כָּלָה pine, languish, v. כ׳ Qal 2 b, Pi. 2 b, c. דָּאַב Psalms 88:10, עָשַׁשׁ Psalms 6:8; Psalms 31:10, דָּלַל Isaiah 38:14.

c. פָּקַח open, after sleep Job 27:19, sleep of death II Kings 4:35; = keep awake Proverbs 20:13 (opp. שֵׁנָה); of new power of vision Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:7 (J), given by God Genesis 21:19 (E), II Kings 6:17^(×2); so (c. וַיְגַל) Numbers 22:31 (JE); = give sight to blind II Kings 6:20^(×2); Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:7 Psalms 146:8; of God (י׳) opening his eyes, פָּקַח ע׳ II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:17, Daniel 9:18, + עַל־ Jeremiah 32:19; Zechariah 12:4; Job 14:3 שִׂים ע׳ עַל Genesis 44:21 (J) Jeremiah 39:12; Jeremiah 40:4, + לטובה Jeremiah 24:6, + לרעה Amos 9:4; c. פָּתַח, + אֶל־ I Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 6:20; I Kings 8:52; Nehemiah 1:6, + ל II Chronicles 6:40; II Chronicles 7:15; + inf. Nehemiah 1:6.

אוֹר ע׳ etc., = revive, v. אור vb. Qal, Hiph.; noun, 10.

קָרַץ ע׳ = wink Psalms 35:19; Proverbs 10:10, ק׳ בְּע׳ Proverbs 6:13.

יִרְזְמוּן ע׳ Job 15:12 i.e. roll (in anger).

לָטַשׁ ע׳ ל׳ Job 16:9 whet eyes against = ‘look daggers at.’

put out eye, v. עִוֵּר, נקר.

as feature of beauty, יְפֵה ע׳ Deuteronomy 16:12; cf. Song of Songs 4:9; Song of Songs 7:5, ע׳ יוֹנִים Song of Songs 1:15; Song of Songs 4:1 and Song of Songs 5:12 (כְּיוֹנִים); on other hand, ע׳ לֵאָה רַכּוֹת Genesis 29:17 (E); וַתָּשֶׂם בַּפּוּךְ ע׳ †II Kings 9:30 (v. פּוּךְ), cf. Jeremiah 4:30, כָּחַל ע׳ Ezekiel 23:40 paint the eyes †.

apple of the eye, v. אִישׁוֹן, [בָּבָה], בַּת 6.

גַּבֹּת ע׳ Leviticus 14:9 eyebrows.

חַכְלִילִי ע׳ מִיָּ֑יִן Genesis 49:12, חַכְלִילוּת ע ׳ Proverbs 23:29 (v. ח׳); מְאוֹר ע׳ Proverbs 15:30, v. Toy.—v. שׁתם for Numbers 24:3, Numbers 24:15.

eyes as shewing mental qualities: arrogance ע׳ גַבְהוּת Isaiah 2:11, ע׳ גְבֹהִים Isaiah 5:15, גְּבַהּ־ע׳ Psalms 101:5, תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם ע׳ Isaiah 10:12; c. רוּם also Psalms 18:28 (so read also ‖ II Samuel 22:28 Hup HPS), Psalms 131:1 Proverbs 6:17; Proverbs 21:4; humility, שַׁח ע׳ Job 22:29; mockery, ע׳ תִּלְעַג לְ Proverbs 30:17; cf. רָעָה ע׳ בְּ Deuteronomy 15:9 (grudging), Deuteronomy 28:54, Deuteronomy 28:56 (id.); especially (עַל) ע׳ אַל־תָּחֹס not have pity on Deuteronomy 7:16 + 4 times Dt, Ezekiel 5:11 + 8 times Ez, Isaiah 13:18, also Genesis 45:20 (E; = not regret); cf. נֹחַם יִסָּתֵר מֵע׳ Hosea 13:14.

מַחְמַד ע׳ Ezekiel 24:16 desire of the eyes, so v Ezekiel 24:21, Ezekiel 24:25; שִׁקּוּצֵי ע׳ Ezekiel 20:7 abominations of the eyes, so v Ezekiel 20:3.—Psalms 73:7 v. חֵלֶב.

Fig. of mental and spiritual faculties, acts and states:

תִּפָּקַחְנָה ע׳ Genesis 3:5, Genesis 3:7 (J) Isaiah 42:7, גִּלוּי ע׳ Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE); also טַח מֵרְאוֹת ע׳ Isaiah 44:18; ע׳ אֶל־י׳ Psalms 123:2 (see v Psalms 123:2^(×2) for origin of fig.), +; of י׳, Psalms 33:18 (i.e. his favour) Psalms 34:16 (id.) +.

ע׳ הַזֹּנוֹת Ezekiel 6:9; תִּשְׂבַּע ע׳ Ecclesiastes 1:8; Ecclesiastes 4:8; שָֽׁאֲלוּ ע׳ Ecclesiastes 2:10; ע׳ לְנֹכַח יַבִּיטוּ Proverbs 4:25; טוֹב־ע׳ Proverbs 22:9 = bountiful, רַע עָ֑יִן Proverbs 23:6 = niggardly one, so Proverbs 28:22; eye as avenue of temptation Job 31:1, Job 31:7; שִׁית ע׳ Psalms 17:11 = design.

especially בְּעֵינֵי, c. adj. and intrans. verbs, in the view, opinion, of Genesis 16:4, Genesis 16:5 (J), Genesis 21:11, Genesis 21:12 (E), Genesis 34:18 (P), + often; c. act. vb. II Samuel 10:3 = I Chronicles 19:3; Esther 1:17; Esther 3:6; הַטּוֹב בְּע׳ Genesis 16:6; Genesis 19:14 (J), +, i.e. what one pleases, Numbers 36:6 (P) whom they please; הַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 12:8, Deuteronomy 12:25 +, הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר בְּע׳ v Deuteronomy 12:28 Joshua 9:25 (D), הָרַע בְּע׳ Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Deuteronomy 4:25 + especially D and K (R^D); so לְנֶגֶד עיניו II Samuel 22:25 = Psalms 18:25; אַחֲרֵי עֵינֵיכֶם Numbers 15:39 = according to your wish, fancy (+ לְבַבְכֶם).

נֶעְלָם מֵע׳ Leviticus 4:13 i.e. hid from knowledge of, so Numbers 5:13 (both P), Job 28:21; מֵע׳ Numbers 15:24 (P) without the knowledge of; אַעְלִים ע׳ מִן Isaiah 1:15 = disregard, pay no attention; cf. Leviticus 20:4 (H) Ezekiel 22:26; without מִן, abs., Proverbs 28:27; נִסְתְּרוּ מֵע׳ Isaiah 65:16, וַיַּסְתֵּר עָמָל מֵע׳ Job 3:10; אַעְלִים ע׳ בּוֹ (i.e. בַּכֹּפֶר) I Samuel 12:3 (נעלים sandals + ענו בי 𝔊 Th We Kit, cf. Ecclus^{xlvi. 19}; Bu HPS ins. ענו בי); הַשֹּׁחַד יְעַוֵּר ע׳ Deuteronomy 16:19, cf. כְּסוּת ע׳ Genesis 20:16 (E).

Transferred meanings:

visible surface of earth Exodus 10:5, Exodus 10:15 (J) Numbers 22:5, Numbers 22:11 (JE).

appearance Leviticus 13:5 (P; reading בְּעֵינוֹ Di Kau Dr-Wh), v Leviticus 13:37 (P; reading id.), v Leviticus 13:55 (P) Numbers 11:7^(×2) (JE); so appar. dual I Samuel 16:7.

gleam, sparkle (of metal, jewels, etc.) Ezekiel 1:4, Ezekiel 1:7, Ezekiel 1:16, Ezekiel 1:22, Ezekiel 1:27; Ezekiel 8:2; Ezekiel 10:9 Daniel 10:6; of wine Proverbs 23:31.

Other phrases are: ע׳ תַּחַת ע׳ Exodus 21:24 (E) = Leviticus 24:20 (H), = ע׳ בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 19:21, all = an eye for an eye; ע׳ בְּע׳ = eye to eye, Numbers 14:14 (P) Isaiah 52:8 (fig.), cf. וְע׳ אֶת־ע׳ תִּרְאֶינָה Jeremiah 32:4; Jeremiah 34:3; especially לְעֵינֵי in the presence of, in full view of Genesis 42:24 (E) Genesis 47:19 (J) Exodus 4:30 (J) Numbers 19:5 (P), + often of business transaction Jeremiah 32:12^(×2); Genesis 23:11, Genesis 23:18 (P); so נֶגֶד ע׳ Joel 1:16, לְנֶגֶד ע׳ Job 4:16, בְּע׳ Joshua 3:7; Joshua 4:14 I Samuel 21:14 Ezra 3:12; נִגְרַזְתִּי מִנֶּגֶד ע׳ Psalms 31:23; בֵּין ע׳ = on the forehead Exodus 13:9, Exodus 13:16 (JE) Deuteronomy 6:8; Deuteronomy 11:18; Deuteronomy 14:1; Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:21.

עַ֫יִן²

n.f. spring (of water) (connexion with i. ע׳ dub.; NH id., Ph. ען; Assyrian ênu, înu; Arabic عَيْنٌ; Ethiopic ዐይን; Palm. עינא, 𝔗 עֵינָא, עַיְינָא; Syriac ܥܰܝܢܳܐ );—abs. ע׳ I Samuel 29:1 +, עָ֑יִן Genesis 49:22 +, הָעַ֫יְנָה Genesis 24:16, Genesis 24:45; cstr. עֵין v Genesis 24:13 +; pl. עֲיָנֹת Deuteronomy 8:7, -וֹת II Chronicles 32:3; cstr. עֵינוֹת Exodus 15:27 = Numbers 33:9, עִינוֹת Proverbs 8:28 (Ges^{§93 v});—spring Genesis 16:7; Genesis 24:16, Genesis 24:29, Genesis 24:30, Genesis 24:42, Genesis 24:45 (all J) Genesis 49:22 (poem in J), I Samuel 29:1; עֵין הַמַּיִם Genesis 16:7; Genesis 24:13, Genesis 24:43 (J), cf. Exodus 15:27 (J) Numbers 33:9 (P); נַחֲלֵי מַיִם ע׳ וּתְהֹמֹת Deuteronomy 8:7; מֵימֵי הָעֲיָנוֹת II Chronicles 32:3; ע׳ תְּהוֹם Proverbs 8:28 (i.e. of the sea); fig. עֵין יַעֲקֹב Deuteronomy 33:28 (poem), i.e. Jacob’s descendants. Particular springs are:

ע׳ חֲרֹד Judges 7:1 (on loc. cf. GFM).

ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Judges 15:19 (cf. id.).

ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus. (early sanctuary RS^{Sem i. 157, 2nd ed. 172}) II Samuel 17:17 cf. I Kings 1:9, on border of Judah Joshua 15:7, and Benj. Joshua 18:16.

ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragonspring) Nehemiah 2:13 (= c.? so RS^l.c.).—On שַׁעַר הָעַיִן Nehemiah 2:14; Nehemiah 3:15; Nehemiah 12:37 v. שַׁעַר.

עַ֫יִן³

n.pr.loc.

לָעָ֑יִן, on NE. border of Can. Numbers 34:11, 𝔊 ἐπὶ πηγάς.

in Negeb of Judah Joshua 15:32 (+ וְרִמּוֹן), Levit. city Joshua 21:16 (but 𝔊B Ασα read עָשָׁן, as I Chronicles 6:44), appar. =

I Chronicles 19:7 (+ ר׳; assigned to Simeon), וָע׳ ר׳ I Chronicles 4:32 (read prob. וְעֵין ר׳); prob. mod. Umm er-Ramāmīn, c. 18 mils SW. from Hebron, Buhl^Geogr.183.—Vid. עֵין רִמּוֹן.

עֵין גֶּ֫דִי

n.pr.loc. Ενγαδδει, etc.; Joshua 15:62: מְצָדֹת עֵין גֶּדִ֑י I Samuel 24:1, מִדְבַּר ע׳ I Samuel 24:2, כַּרְמֵי ע׳ Song of Songs 1:14; ע׳ = חַצְצוֹן תָּמָר (q.v.) according to II Chronicles 20:2; עֵין גֶּ֨דִי֨ Ezekiel 47:10; mod. ʿAin ǧidî, on W. shore of Dead Sea, GASm^{Geogr. 269 f., 512} Buhl^{Geogr. 41, 164 f.}

עֵין גַּנִּים

n.pr.loc.

in the Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:34, perhaps Umm-ǧîna, c. 1 mile S. of W. from Bethshemesh ClGann Buhl^{Geogr. 194 f.}.

in Issachar 19:21 (A Ηνγαννιμ), Levit. city 21:29 (πηγὴν γραμμάτων); hence by textual error עָנֵם I Chronicles 6:58; Ǧennin, near SE. end of plain of Jezreel, c. 15 m. NNE. from Samaria, Buhl^{Geogr. 202}

עֵין מִשְׁפָּט

n.pr.loc. Genesis 14:7 = (בַּרְנֵעַ) קָדֵשׁ q.v. (𝔊 τὴν πηγὴν τὴν κρίσεως; on signif. of name cf. RS^{Sem i. 165, 2nd ed. 181}).

עֵין תַּפּוּחַ

n.pr.loc. v. iii. תַּפּוּחַ sub נפח.

עֵינַ֫יִם

n.pr.loc. (on form v. Ges^{§ 88 c});—Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:21 (J), Αιναν = following.

עֵינָם

n.pr.loc. in the Shephelah of Judah, הָע׳ Joshua 15:34 (Μαιανει, A 𝔊L Ηναειμ) = עֵינַיִם.

עֵינָן

n.pr.m. Αιναν, name in Naphtali Numbers 1:15; Numbers 2:29; Numbers 7:78, Numbers 7:83; Numbers 10:27.—Vid. also חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עֵינוֹן

v. חֲצַר עֵינוֹן.

עִיף

= II. עוּף q.v. for עֵיפָה, עֵיפַי etc.

עִיף²

vb. be faint (cf. Syriac ܥܳܦ 3, PS²⁸³⁵; ‖ form of יעף q.v.; occurrences dub.);—

Pf. 3 fs. עָֽיְפָה נַפְשִׁי לְ Jeremiah 4:31 (? read עֲיֵפָה); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫עַף Judges 4:21 (< וְיָעֵף GFM Bu), I Samuel 14:28 (del. We Bu Kit Löhr, emend. HPS), v I Samuel 14:31 (read וַיִּעַף [√ יעף] Buhl HPS), II Samuel 21:15 (corrupt, HPS; for Philist. name We Dr Bu Kit).

עָיֵף

adj. faint, weary;—ע׳ abs. Genesis 25:29 +; f. עֲיֵפָה Jeremiah 31:25 +; pl. עֲיֵפִים Judges 8:4 +;—from exertion and hunger Genesis 25:29, Genesis 25:30 (J), Judges 8:4, Judges 8:5; Deuteronomy 25:18 (+ יָגֵעַ), cf. Isaiah 5:27, הָנִיחוּ לֶע׳ Isaiah 28:12 (fig.), II Samuel 16:14 (si vera l., n.pr.loc. needed, cf. We Dr HPS); + רָעֵב, צָמֵא II Samuel 17:29; specif. from thirst Isaiah 29:8 (sim.), Job 22:7, נֶפֶשׁ ע׳ Proverbs 25:25 and (fig.) Jeremiah 31:25 (‖ דָּֽאֲבָה); hence אֶרֶץ צִיָּה וְעָיֵף Psalms 63:2 (fig., on masc. v. Kö^{Synt.§ 334 f.}), cf. Psalms 143:6 (sim.), Isaiah 32:2 (opp. צֵל, in sim.); ע׳ sc. beast Isaiah 46:1.—Vid. also foregoing.

עִיר²

v. sub I. עור.

עִיר³

n.f. Genesis 10:12 (Albrecht^{ZAW xvi. 49 f.}) city, town (√ unkn.; NH id.;? Ph. ער Lzb³⁴⁵; Sab. ער fortified height (cf. 3) Prä^{ZMG xxvi (1872), 437}, ערן, עהרן city CIS^{iv. pp. 94, 95, 173});—ע׳ abs. Genesis 4:17 +, cstr. Genesis 24:10 +; הָעִ֫ירָה I Kings 14:12 + 7 times; sf. עִירִי II Samuel 19:38 + 2 times, etc.; pl. עָרִים Isaiah 6:11 +, עֲיָרִים Judges 10:4 (textual error, or word-play, cf. GFM); cstr. עָרֵי Genesis 19:29 +; sf. עָרַי Zechariah 1:17, עָרֵיכֶם Isaiah 1:7 +, etc.;—

city, town, abode of men Genesis 4:17 (J) and often; גְּדֹלָה Genesis 10:12 (J), +, or קְטַנָּה Ecclesiastes 9:14 (cf. Genesis 19:20); especially

fortified: עָרִים בְּצֻרוֹת II Samuel 20:6 +, etc., v. בָּצַר, מִבְצָר; עִיר מִבְצַר־צֹר Joshua 19:29 (P) fortified city (of) Tyre, ע׳ מָצוֹר Psalms 31:22 +, etc., v. מָצוֹר, מְצוּרָה sub צוּר (Micah 7:12 v. מָצוֹר p. 596 a); ע׳ עָז־לָנוּ Isaiah 26:1, עָרֵי מָעוּזּוֹ Isaiah 17:9; ע׳ דְּלָתַים וּבְרִיחַ I Samuel 23:7; ע׳ חוֹמָה Leviticus 25:29, cf. v Leviticus 25:30 (P), I Kings 4:13; on Hosea 10:14 v. i. עַם 2 b (I Samuel 9:14 read הַשַּׁעַר 𝔊 We Dr al.).

opp. כֹּפֶר הַפְּרָוִי I Samuel 6:18, עָרֵי הַפּ׳ Deuteronomy 3:5, ע׳ הַפְּרָזוֹת Esther 9:19; disting. from dependencies חֲצֵרִים Joshua 13:23 + often P

עָרֶיהָ are dependent towns Joshua 13:17 (P), Jeremiah 19:15.

עָרֵי הַמַּמְלָכָה Joshua 10:2 (JE) royal cities (i.e. with a king, cf. Tel Am. al šarri;), so sg. I Samuel 27:5, opp. עָרֵי הַשָּׂדֶה v I Samuel 27:5 rural towns; ע׳ הַמְּלוּכָה II Samuel 12:26 (but read ע׳ הַמַּיִם We Bu Kit Löhr HPS, v. 2 infr.).

עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת Exodus 1:11 storage-cities, so I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6; II Chronicles 8:4; II Chronicles 17:12; for מ׳ ע׳ נַפְתָּלִי II Chronicles 16:4 read prob. כִּנְרוֹת עַל־וגו׳ (as I Kings 15:20; Be Kit Buhl); cf. ע׳ הָרֶכֶב I Kings 9:19; I Kings 10:26 = II Chronicles 8:6; II Chronicles 9:25; II Chronicles 1:14; ע׳ הַפָּרָשִׁים I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6.

ע׳ (הַ)מִקְלָט (P) asylum-cities Numbers 35:11, Numbers 35:13, Numbers 35:14; Joshua 20:2, cf. Numbers 35:25, Numbers 35:26, Numbers 35:27, Numbers 35:28, Numbers 35:32, ע׳ לְמִקְלָט v Numbers 35:12; ע׳ מִקְלַט הָרֹצֵחַ Joshua 21:13 + 4 times Joshua 21:21.

ע׳ (הָ)אֱלֹהִים = Jerus.: Psalms 46:5; Psalms 87:3, cf. Psalms 48:2, Psalms 48:9; ע׳ י׳ Isaiah 60:14 Psalms 101:8; ע׳ י׳ צְבָאוֹת Psalms 48:9.

city = inhabitants I Samuel 4:13; I Samuel 5:12; Isaiah 22:2 Ruth 1:19, so II Samuel 20:22 (reading הָעִיר for MT הָעָם) 𝔊 We Dr al. (cf. also foll.).

combinations are: ע׳ רֹכְלִים Ezekiel 17:4 city of merchants; ע׳ מוֹשָׁב Psalms 107:4, Psalms 107:7, Psalms 107:36 city for dwelling; especially of character or condition: †ע׳ הַצֶּדֶק Isaiah 1:26, †ע׳ הָאֱמֶת Zechariah 8:3; †ע׳ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Isaiah 48:2; Isaiah 52:1 Nehemiah 11:1, Nehemiah 11:18, cf. Daniel 9:24, all of Jerus.; עָרֵי קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ Jeremiah 5:17 of Judaean cities; of foreign cities, ע׳ תְּהִלָּה Jeremiah 49:25, הַהֻלָּלָה הָע׳ Ezekiel 26:17, הָע׳ הָעַלִּיזָה Zephaniah 2:15; of Jerus. also הָע׳ הַיּוֹנָה Zephaniah 3:1 oppressive city, ע׳ (הַ)דָּמִים bloody city Ezekiel 22:2; Ezekiel 24:6, Ezekiel 24:9 and (of Nineveh) Nahum 3:1.

of fortress in a city especially עִיר דָּוִד II Samuel 5:7, II Samuel 5:9; II Samuel 6:10 + often (v. דָּוִד); ע׳ בֵּית הַבָּ֑עַל II Kings 10:25 (crpt.; Klo proposes דְּבִיר for ע׳, cf. Kmp Benz Kit); ע׳ הַמַּיִם II Samuel 12:27 (so read also v II Samuel 12:26, see 1 d).

appar. fortified place, of any size, בְּכָל־עָרֵיהֶם מִמִּגְדַּל נוֹצְרִים עַד־ עִיר מִבְצָר II Kings 17:9 = II Kings 18:8; cf. Numbers 13:9 (P; but on comp. of ver. see Di); perhaps also ע׳ עֲמָלֵק I Samuel 15:5 (HPS).—Hosea 7:4 v. I. עור Hiph.

עִיר הַהֶרֶס

עִיר נָחָשׁ

as n.pr.m. v. ii. נָחָשׁ.

עִיר⁴

n.pr.m. in בְּנֵי ע׳ I Chronicles 7:12, text dub., v. Be Kau.

עַ֫יִר

n.m. ^{Genesis 32:16} male ass (young and vigorous);—pl. וַעְיָרִם Genesis 32:16 (E); sf. עִירֹה Genesis 49:11 (poem; ‖ בְּנִי אֲתֹנוֹ); cstr. עַיִר פֶּרֶא (Ges^{§ 131 c N. 2}; or appos. Kö^{Synt.§ 333 s} Di al.) Job 11:12 wild ass’s colt; pl. עֲיָרִים, for riding Judges 10:4 (v Judges 10:4 b see ii. עִיר), עֲיָרִם Judges 12:14, sg. abs. עַיִר Zechariah 9:9; עֲיָרִים for carrying Isaiah 30:6 Qr (Kt עורים), עֲיָרִם for tillage v Isaiah 30:24.

עִירָא

n.pr.m. (v. Sab. n.pr.m. עיר Hal¹⁶⁹);—

כֹּהֵן (q.v. 1) of David II Samuel 20:26; on poss. ident. with 2 b v. Th Klo HPS, opp. We Dr; Ειρας, 𝔊L Ιωδαε.

heroes of David (Ειρας, etc., 𝔊L Ιδαε, Οιαδ, etc.):

II Samuel 23:26 = I Chronicles 11:28; I Chronicles 27:9.

II Samuel 23:38 = I Chronicles 11:40.

עִירָד

n.pr.m. a Cainite Genesis 4:18^(×2) Γαιδαδ.

עִירוּ

n.pr.m. in Judah I Chronicles 4:15, Ηρ(α).

עִירָם

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:43 = I Chronicles 1:54, Ζαφω(ε)ιν (A Gn Ηραμ).

עֵירֹם²

עַ֫יִשׁ

n.f. a constellation, perhaps Great Bear (cf. especially Di) (point perhaps עִיֻּשׁ (v. Bu and reff.), cf. Syriac ܥܺܝܽܘܬܳܐ PS²⁸⁶⁶, ܥܝܽܘܬܳܐ Brock., name of a star);—וְע׳ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ Job 38:32 = עָשׁ Job 9:9 (both + כִּימָה, כְּסִיל etc.).

עַכְבּוֹר

n.pr.m. (mouse, cf. עַכְבָּר, v. Gray^{Prop. N. 93}; עכבר OH and Ph. as n.pr. Lzb ³⁴⁰ (cf. also on simil. Lat. n.pr. Cl-Gann^{JAs 1883, Fev.–Mar. 128}));—𝔊 Αχοβωρ:

Edomite Genesis 36:38, Genesis 36:39 (P) = עַכְבֹּר I Chronicles 1:49 (Baer Ginsb).

courtier of Josiah II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14, perhaps also Jeremiah 26:22; Jeremiah 36:12 (cf. Gie and Ency. Bib.).

עַכָּבִישׁ

n.m. spider (𝔗 עַכּוּבִיתָא, עַכָּבִיתָא; whence Arabic عَنْكَبُوتٌ as loan-wd.; NH עַכְשׁוּב prob. tarantula, according to Levy^{NHWB iii. 648});—בֵּית ע׳ Job 8:14 i.e. web, so prob. Job 27:18 (reading ע׳ for MT עָשׁ); cf. קוּרֵי ע׳ Isaiah 59:5 filaments of a spider.

עַכּוֹ

n.pr.loc. Ακχω, Acco, in Asher, Ju Isaiah 1:31, + Joshua 19:30 (P), reading ע׳ for MT עֻמָּה, Di Kau Benn Ency. Bib., after 𝔊 Codd.; a seaport N. of Carmel (= Acre, Ptolemais), mod. ʿAkka, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 228} (Egyptian ʿA-ka, ’Ακη WMM^{As. u. Eur. 181}; Assyrian Akkû, COT^Gloss, TelAm. Ak-ka).

עָכָן

n.pr.m. man of Judah;—Joshua 7:1 (P), v Joshua 7:18, Joshua 7:19, Joshua 7:20, Joshua 7:24 (JE), Joshua 22:20 (P); = עָכָר I Chronicles 2:7 (from עָבוֹר Joshua 7:26, v. also עָכָר); Αχαρ, Αχαν.

עַכְסָה

n.pr.f. daughter of Caleb Joshua 15:16, Joshua 15:17 (JE) = Judges 1:12, Judges 1:13; I Chronicles 2:49, Ασχα, Αχσα, Αζα, Οξα.

עָכַר

vb. stir up, disturb, trouble (NH id., make turbid; Arabic عَكِرَ be turbid);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ I Samuel 14:29; 2 ms. sf. עֲכַרְתָּ֔נִי Joshua 7:25, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעְכָּרְךָ v Joshua 7:25; Pt. עֹכֵר I Kings 18:17 + 3 times, עוֹכֵר I Chronicles 2:7; pl. sf. עֹכְרָ֑י Judges 11:35;—disturb, trouble, c. acc. pers. Genesis 34:30 (J), Joshua 6:18; Joshua 7:25^(×2) (all JE; v Joshua 7:25 subj. י׳), Judges 11:35; cf. Proverbs 11:17 (opp. גֹּמֵל), v Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 15:27 (opp. חָיָה); ע׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל I Kings 18:17, I Kings 18:18; I Chronicles 2:7 (cf. Joshua 6:18 etc., supr.); ע׳ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ I Samuel 14:29.

Pf. 3 ms. וּכְאֵבִי נֶעְכָּ֑ר Psalms 39:3 my pain was stirred up; Pt. f. נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת Proverbs 15:6 usually as n. abstr. disturbance, calamity, but < read וּתְבוּאַת רָשָׁע נִכְרָ֑ת[ה] the income of the wicked is cut off (Toy).

עָכוֹר

n.[m.] disturbance, trouble, only in עֵמֶק ע׳ valley of trouble, W. or SW. from Jericho Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:26 (JE; name explained), on border of Judah Joshua 15:7 (P), cf. Hosea 2:17; Isaiah 65:10; on identif. cf. especially Di Joshua 7:24 Buhl^{Geogr. 98}; Εμεκαχωρ, φάραγξ (or κοίλας) Αχωρ.

עָכָר

n.pr.m. v. עָכָן.

עָכְרָן

n.pr.m. name in Asher Numbers 1:13; Numbers 2:27; Numbers 7:72, Numbers 7:77; Numbers 10:26; Εχραν.

עַכְשׁוּב

n.m. usually asp, viper (so 𝔊 𝔙; perhaps conject. from sense and ‖ נָחָשׁ), but perhaps = (? crpt. for) עַכָּבִישׁ spider (q.v.; cf. 𝔗^{ad loc.});—חֲמַת ע׳ Psalms 140:4 a viper’s (? spider’s) venom is under their lips (v. especially Che and reff.).

עַל

עֹל

v. III. עלל.

עֻלָּא

n.pr.m. in Asher I Chronicles 7:39, Ωλα.

עָלָה

vb. go up, ascend, climb (NH id.; MI ^{33 (?)}; Ph. עלה; Assyrian elû; Arabic عَلَا; 𝔗 and Syriac in der. species; cf. perhaps Ethiopic ለዐለ: (for ለዐዐለ: ዐልዐለ: Di ⁵⁴); Sab. עלי = عَلَّى DHM^{ZMG xxxvii. 415}, cf. עלוהו = عُلْوَهُ Sab Denkm ⁹¹);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Genesis 19:15 +; 3 fs. עָֽלְתָה Genesis 40:10 +; עָלָ֑תָה Jeremiah 14:2 I Samuel 1:22; 2 ms. עָלִיתָ Genesis 49:4 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֶה Genesis 2:6 +, יַ֫עַל Genesis 44:33 +, וַיַּעַל Genesis 13:1 +; sf. יַעֲלֶנָּה Isaiah 35:9, etc.; Inf. abs. עָלֹה Genesis 46:4 + 2 times; cstr. עֲלוֹת Genesis 32:25 +, etc.; Imv. עֲלֵה Genesis 35:1 +; fs. עֲלִי Numbers 21:17 +, pl. עֲלוּ Genesis 44:17 +; Pt. עֹלֶה Genesis 38:13 +; עוֹלֶה Isaiah 24:18 +, pl. עֹלִים Genesis 28:12 +, etc.;—

of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations:

from low place to high, c. מִן, מִמִּצְרַיִם Genesis 45:25 (E) + 6 times; מארץ מצרים Exodus 13:18 (E) + 3 times; †מִבָּבֶל Ezra 7:6; Ezra 8:1; מִן הירדן Joshua 4:16, Joshua 4:17, Joshua 4:19 (P); ם(ן־ה)מדבר Song of Songs 3:6; Song of Songs 8:5 etc.

out of a place, c. מִן, מִן הארץ I Samuel 28:13; מֵהַבְּאֵר II Samuel 17:21; הַפַּחַת (תּוֹךְ)םִ Isaiah 24:18 Jeremiah 48:44.

c. acc. of place whither: a city ביתאל Genesis 35:1, Genesis 35:3 (E); באר שׁבע Genesis 26:23 (J); a mountain ההר Numbers 13:17 (JE) Deuteronomy 1:24 +, etc.; a bed Genesis 49:4^(×2) (J) II Kings 1:4, II Kings 1:16, gate Ruth 4:1; (הַ)שָּׁיִם Deuteronomy 30:12; II Kings 2:11 Amos 9:2 + 4 times; c. אֶל־, אל (ה)הר Exodus 19:23; Exodus 34:2, Exodus 34:4 (J) Exodus 24:15, Exodus 24:18 (P) + 5 times P; אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם Deuteronomy 17:8, אל ירושׁלם Ezra 7:7; Isaiah 2:3 = Micah 4:2 (אל הר), c. acc. loc. + אֶל־י׳ (v. 2 b) Jeremiah 31:6, of going up to Jerusalem (from a distance), etc.; c. לְ to, לירושׁלם Ezra 1:3 (from Babylon); לבית I Samuel 25:35, etc.; c. עַד unto, עד־נחל Numbers 32:9 (J); †c. בְּ, בְּאַחַת עָרֵי II Samuel 2:1 (constr. praegn.); בְּבעל פְּרָצִים I Chronicles 14:11, בָּהָר Deuteronomy 5:5; בְּגֹרָלִי Judges 1:3.

to sacred places, Exodus 34:24, c. acc. †בית יהוה, from palace II Kings 19:14; II Kings 20:5, II Kings 20:8; II Kings 23:2; II Chronicles 29:20; II Chronicles 34:30; Isaiah 37:14; Isaiah 38:22 Jeremiah 26:10; במה I Samuel 9:13, I Samuel 9:14, I Samuel 9:19; c. אֶל, אל הר האלהים Exodus 24:13 (E); בּבית י׳ I Samuel 1:7 (בּ dittogr.); בהר יהוה Psalms 24:3.

c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ by the way to †Numbers 21:33 (E) Deuteronomy 3:1; Judges 8:11; I Samuel 6:9; II Kings 3:8; מעלה Jeremiah 48:5; חוֹמָה Joel 2:7.

ascent, climb, c. בְּ by, a ladder Genesis 28:12 (E), Ezekiel 40:6, Ezekiel 40:22, Ezekiel 40:49, etc.; c. עַל upon, altar by (ב) steps, of priest, Exodus 20:20 (Gi van d. H. v Exodus 20:23; E) the roof Joshua 2:8 Judges 9:51, bed Psalms 132:3; עַל־יָדָיו on his hands I Samuel 14:13; על במתי עב Isaiah 14:14 (‖ ממעל לכוכבי אֵל), etc.

go up, in personal relations:

to meet or visit, c. אֶל pers., Genesis 44:17, Genesis 44:24, Genesis 44:34; Genesis 45:9 (J) Joshua 10:4, Joshua 10:6 (all with implication of ascent), Deuteronomy 25:7 (to gate of city), +; c. †על pers., Genesis 38:12 (+ ה loc., up to Timnah); לקראת Genesis 46:29 (J) Judges 6:35; II Kings 1:3, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:7

go up unto (אֶל) God, on a height, אל האלהים Exodus 19:3 (E) I Samuel 10:3; אל יהוה Exodus 24:1 (E) Exodus 19:21; Exodus 32:20 (J) Judges 21:5^(×2), Judges 21:8 (to war); אֵלַי Exodus 24:12 (E) Deuteronomy 10:1; unto Deborah Judges 4:5.

go up, in war, c. אֶל against Numbers 13:31 (E) Judges 1:1; Judges 12:3 I Samuel 7:7 Isaiah 36:10 (= על II Kings 18:25) +; oftener c. על, I Samuel 14:10 Judges 6:3; Judges 15:10; Judges 18:9; I Kings 14:25 +; c. על + לַצָּבָא Joshua 22:12, Joshua 22:33 (P); c. בְּ, Isaiah 7:6; Jeremiah 48:18; c. לְ, Habakkuk 3:16; + למלחמה Judges 20:18 + 3 times; + במלחמה I Samuel 29:9; וַתּעל(ה) המלחמה I Kings 22:35 = II Chronicles 18:34.

go up after, c. אחרי = follow I Samuel 25:13; I Kings 1:35, I Kings 1:40.

go up, depart, c. מֵעַל (q.v.) I Samuel 6:20 Genesis 17:22; Genesis 35:13 (P) +, subj. כבוד י׳ Ezekiel 11:23, Ezekiel 11:24; = withdraw, retreat, I Kings 15:19; II Kings 12:19; Jeremiah 21:2, abs. II Samuel 23:9, and so read ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 (v. Dr^Sm).

of animals, go or come up: abs. frogs Exodus 7:28 (J) Exodus 8:2 (P), quails Exodus 16:13 (P); lion Isaiah 35:9; fox Nehemiah 3:25; rise up, fly up, eagle Isaiah 40:31; Jeremiah 49:22; c. מִן, cattle out of water Genesis 41:2, Genesis 41:3, Genesis 41:18, Genesis 41:19 Song of Songs 4:2; Song of Songs 6:6, lion מִגְּאוֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן Jeremiah 49:19 = Jeremiah 50:44, מִסֻּבְּכוֹ Jeremiah 4:7, from prey Genesis 49:9 (J); climb up into (ב) houses, locusts Joel 2:9; frogs, on (ב) persons Exodus 7:29 (J); c. על, of cattle, sexually Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:12 (E); locusts upon the land Exodus 10:12, Exodus 10:14 (E) Joel 1:6.

of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth: trees Isaiah 55:13^(×2) Ezekiel 47:12; קיקיון Jonah 4:6; grass Deuteronomy 29:22; Amos 7:1; ears of grain Genesis 41:5, Genesis 41:22 (E), also Genesis 40:10 (E) Isaiah 5:6; Isaiah 32:13 cf. sim. Isaiah 53:2; Hosea 10:8; Proverbs 26:9; ע׳ כֻלּוֹ קמשׂנים Proverbs 24:31 all of it grown up with thorns, Isaiah 34:13; fig. קֶרֶן Daniel 8:3, Daniel 8:8.

of natural phenom. go up, rise: dew, Exodus 16:14, i.e. disappear (P); אֵד ע׳ מִן־הָאָרֶץ Genesis 2:6 (J), cloud I Kings 18:44; Jeremiah 4:13; ע׳ הַשַּׁחַר dawn, etc. Genesis 19:15 (JE) Judges 19:25; I Samuel 9:26 +; smoke Genesis 19:28; Exodus 19:18 (J) Judges 20:40 +; fire Judges 6:21; flame Judges 13:20; stench Isaiah 34:3; Joel 2:20; incense Ezekiel 8:11; well Numbers 21:17 (E); waters Jeremiah 47:2; Nile Jeremiah 46:7, Jeremiah 46:8; Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5; c. על, of overflow Isaiah 8:7 +.

of inanimate things (instead of passive construction), abs., shock of grain (to גֹּרֶן) Job 5:26; of בָּשָׂר (covering bones in Ezek.’s vision) Ezekiel 37:8; c. על, of garments upon the body Leviticus 19:19 (P) Ezekiel 44:17; razor on head Judges 13:5; Judges 16:17; I Samuel 1:11; yoke upon oxen Numbers 19:2 (P) I Samuel 6:7; lot upon an animal Leviticus 16:9, Leviticus 16:10 (P); c. בְּ, weight in balance Psalms 62:10; entry in (ב) a book I Chronicles 27:24; = be offered (of sacrif.) I Kings 18:29; II Kings 3:20; Isaiah 60:7; אֲרוּכָה (q.v.) in healing, Jeremiah 8:22, fig. II Chronicles 24:13; Nehemiah 4:1.

of thoughts, ע׳ על לב II Kings 12:5; Isaiah 65:17 + 5 times; ע׳ על לבב Jeremiah 51:50; Ezekiel 38:10; ע׳ אל לב Ezekiel 14:7; ע׳ על רוּחַ Ezekiel 20:32; of anger II Samuel 11:20; II Chronicles 36:16 (ב pers.) + 3 times; temper Ecclesiastes 10:4 (עָלֶיךָ).

come up before God, arrogance, בְּאָזְנָיו II Kings 19:28 = Isaiah 37:29; cry, אֶל־א׳ Exodus 2:23 (P), c. acc. I Samuel 5:12, abs. Jeremiah 14:2; tumult Psalms 74:23; of evil Jonah 1:2 (לְפָנַי).

go up, extend, of boundary, c. מִן whence, + acc., אֶל, לְ and even בְ whither Joshua 15:3, Joshua 15:6, Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:12^(×2) + (all P).

excel: thou excellest (עַל) them Proverbs 31:29; be superior to יעלה עליך מעלה מעלה Deuteronomy 28:43.—עוֹלֶה Job 36:33 is difficult, cf. Comm., and v. עַוְלָה.

Pf. 3 ms. נַעֲלָה Numbers 10:11 +; 2 ms. נַעֲלֵיתָ Psalms 97:9; Impf. יֵעָלֶה Exodus 40:37, etc.; Inf. cstr. הֵעָלוֹת Numbers 9:17 +, etc.; Imv. mpl. הֵעָלוּ Numbers 16:24;—

be brought up: מבבל לירושׁלם Ezra 1:11.

be taken up, וַתֵּעֲלוּ על שׂפת לשׁון Ezekiel 36:3 (Kö^{i 553}; talked about).

(1) pass., be taken up, away, of (pillar of) cloud, sq. מֵעַל of tabern. Exodus 40:36; Numbers 9:17; Numbers 10:11 (P); abs. Exodus 40:37^(×2); Numbers 9:21^(×2), Numbers 9:22 (P); of the glory from upon the cherubim Ezekiel 9:3; (2) reflex., take oneself away from, get up from: מִסָּבִיב Numbers 16:24; מֵעַל v Numbers 16:27; of a besieging army Jeremiah 37:5, Jeremiah 37:11.

reflex.: take oneself away מאחרי pers., from following after, II Samuel 2:27.

be exalted, of God Psalms 47:10; c. על, over all gods Psalms 97:9.

Pf. הֶעֱלָה Numbers 8:3 +, הֵעֲלָה Habakkuk 1:15 (Ges^{§ 63 p}); sf. הֶעֶלְךָ Nehemiah 9:18, הֶעֱלָנוּ Exodus 32:1 + 2 times; 3 fs. וְהַעַלְתָה I Samuel 2:19 consec.; sf. הֶעֱלָ֫תַם Joshua 2:6; 2 ms. הֶעֱלִיתָ Exodus 33:1 +; וְהַעֲלִיתָ Deuteronomy 27:6 +; הֶעֱלֵיתָ Exodus 32:7; וְהַעֲלֵיתָ consec Exodus 40:4; 1 p. הֶעֱלִיתִי Amos 2:10; 2 mpl. sf. הֶעֱלִיתֻנוּ Numbers 20:5; Numbers 21:5, etc.; Impf. יַעֲלֶה Leviticus 17:8 +; וְיַ֫עַל II Samuel 24:22; וַיַּעֲלֶה Jeremiah 10:13; וַיַּ֫עַל Genesis 8:20 +, sf. יַעְלֵם Deuteronomy 28:61, etc.; Inf. abs. הַעֲלֵה Ezekiel 23:46; cstr. הַעֲלוֹת I Chronicles 23:31 +, etc.; Imv. הַ֫עַל Exodus 33:12 + 2 times; fs. הַעֲלִי I Samuel 28:8, I Samuel 28:11 +, etc.; Pt. מַעֲלֶה I Samuel 7:10 +; cstr. מַעֲלֵה Leviticus 11:4 +; sf. מַעַלְךָ Deuteronomy 20:1 Psalms 81:11; f. מַעֲלָה Leviticus 11:26; cstr. מַעֲלַת Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:6; Deuteronomy 14:6, etc.;—

bring up persons:

from a place, c. מִן: מִן הַסָּ֑לַע Judges 15:13; מִמִּצְרַיִם Exodus 17:3 (E) + 3 times E, + 8 times; מארץ מצרים Exodus 32:1 (J) + 5 times J, + Leviticus 11:45 (P), Deuteronomy 20:1; Joshua 24:17 (E), + 13 times; מארץ צפון Jeremiah 16:15 = Jeremiah 23:8.

(1) out of a place, c. כן: †םִ(ן הַ)בּוֹר Genesis 37:28 (E) Psalms 40:3 Jeremiah 38:10; Jeremiah 38:13; משּׁחת Jonah 2:7; מקּברות Ezekiel 37:12, Ezekiel 37:13; מן־שׁאול Psalms 30:4, etc.; (2) c. בְּ by means of, בְּחֶרְמִי Ezekiel 32:3 (Habakkuk 1:15 v. 3 infr.).

c. acc. of place whither, Numbers 20:25 (P) Numbers 22:41 (E) Joshua 2:6; Joshua 7:24 (J) Ezra 4:2; השׁמים II Kings 2:1; c. אֶל: אֶל־הָעֲלִיָּה I Kings 17:19; c. לְ: לבית II Chronicles 8:11.

cause to ascend, climb: על המרכבה I Kings 20:33 (אֶל II Kings 10:15 prob. error), על־המגדלות II Chronicles 32:5 (𝔙 built towers thereon, i.e. ע׳ עָלָיו); מֵעַל לחומה Nehemiah 12:31 vid. עַל IV 2 e.

in personal relations:

bring up, c. אל, I Samuel 19:15 II Kings 10:15; II Kings 25:6; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9; c. לְ, I Samuel 28:8, I Samuel 28:11^(×2).

in war, c. עַל against II Chronicles 36:17; Jeremiah 50:9; Ezekiel 16:40; Ezekiel 23:46; Ezekiel 26:3.

take away (from life) Psalms 102:25 Job 36:20.

bring up animals, c. על, frogs על הארץ Exodus 8:1, Exodus 8:3 (P); bring up horses to a charge Jeremiah 51:27, cf. Nahum 3:3; draw up men, under fig. of fish (בְּחַכָּה) Habakkuk 1:15; train, young lion Ezekiel 19:3; of cattle, מעלה גֵרָה, i.e. chewing the cud Leviticus 11:3, Leviticus 11:4^(×2), Leviticus 11:5, Leviticus 11:6, Leviticus 11:26 Deuteronomy 14:6, Deuteronomy 14:7^(×2)

cause to ascend: c. acc. rei, smoke מן העיר Judges 20:38; stench באף Amos 4:10, etc.; bring waters upon, על Isaiah 8:7; bring up from (מן loc.) II Samuel 6:2, II Samuel 6:12; I Kings 8:1; Genesis 50:25 (JE), +; c. אֶל loc., Judges 16:3; I Chronicles 15:3, I Chronicles 15:12, c. acc. loc. II Chronicles 2:15; c. אל pers. I Samuel 6:21; c. לְ pers. Judges 16:8; I Samuel 2:19; c. על, bring sickness upon Deuteronomy 28:61; †הע׳ עפר על ראשׁ throw dust on the head Joshua 7:6; Lamentations 2:10; Ezekiel 27:30; clothe sackcloth upon Amos 8:10; flesh upon Ezekiel 37:6; put ornaments on II Samuel 1:24; cf. also I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17 = II Chronicles 9:15, II Chronicles 9:16; II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:14; הע׳ נֵר light lamp (make flame go up; Thes; al. of raising lamp upon the lamp-stand) Exodus 25:37; Exodus 27:20 + 6 times P; bring up new flesh (heal; v. אֲרוּכָה Jeremiah 30:17; Jeremiah 33:6.

mentally: הע׳ גִּלּוּלִים על לב Ezekiel 14:3, אל לב v Ezekiel 14:7, i.e. make object of thought; rouse, stir up, c. acc. אַף, anger Proverbs 15:1, cf. Ezekiel 24:8.

הע׳ מנחה ל׳ II Kings 17:4 offer a present; bring up tithe to (ל) Nehemiah 10:39; הע׳מַם raise a levy I Kings 5:27; I Kings 9:15, למם v I Kings 9:21 II Chronicles 8:8.

exalt: Psalms 137:6 if I exalt not Jerus. above (עַל) my chief joy; אנכי אַעַלְךָ גם־(מ)עלה Genesis 46:4 (E) I will exalt thee exceedingly (cf; Qal 10; מ lost in MT, after ם; Di and most bring up).

cause to ascend (in flame; Thes al. to go up on altar), offer sacrifice, usually עֹלָה, either alone or foll. by other sacrif.: העלה עלות Exodus 24:5 (E) Exodus 32:6 (J) Leviticus 17:8 (H) Deuteronomy 12:13, Deuteronomy 12:14 + (see עֹלָה); seldom: †קטרת Exodus 30:9 (P), cf. Psalms 66:15; †מנחה Isaiah 57:6; Isaiah 66:3, also prob. I Kings 18:29, I Kings 18:36; II Kings 3:20 (> Qal); פר(ים) Numbers 23:2, Numbers 23:4, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:30 (E) Psalms 51:21; הטוב בעיניו II Samuel 24:22; הע׳ ליהוה Judges 13:16; abs. II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 29:29; †הע׳ לעולה Genesis 22:2, Genesis 22:13 (E); c. acc. loc. מַעֲלֶה בָמָה Jeremiah 48:35; מזבח(ה) Leviticus 14:20 (P) Isaiah 60:7 (> Qal); c. לְ loc. II Chronicles 29:27; c. בְּ loc. Genesis 8:20 (J) Numbers 23:2, Numbers 23:4, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:30 (E); עַל־הַחֹמָה II Kings 3:27; usually על loc., על הַצּוּר Judges 13:19, הע׳ על מזבח 1 K I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33^(×2); II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 29:21; I Samuel 2:28, פרים על מזבח Psalms 51:21; elsewhere הע׳ עלות על מזבח Exodus 40:29 (P) Joshua 22:23; I Kings 3:4; I Kings 9:25; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 35:16; Ezra 3:2; Ezekiel 43:18, הע׳ עלות ליהוה על מז׳ Deuteronomy 27:6;Joshua 8:31; I Chronicles 16:40; II Chronicles 8:12; Ezra 3:3.

Pf.;—

be carried away, 3 fs. הֹעֲלָ֑תָה Nahum 2:8.

be taken up into, inserted in 3 ms. הֹעֲלָה II Chronicles 20:34 (על ספר) (pass. of Qal 6).

3 ms. be offered, of פר Judges 6:28 (על המזבח).

lift oneself: Impf. 3 ms. אֶל־יִתְעַל Jeremiah 51:3 against (him that) lifts himself, but corrupt; either read אַל־, let him not, etc. (𝔖 𝔗 𝔙 Hi Gf Gie Rothst), or del. אל (𝔊 Co^Hpt).

עָלֶה

n.m. leaf, leafage (v. עלה Qal 4);—ע׳ Leviticus 26:36 +; cstr. עֲלֵה Genesis 3:7; Genesis 8:11; sf. עָלֵהוּ Jeremiah 17:8 +; pl. cstr. עֲלֵי Nehemiah 8:15 +; sf. עָלֶהָ Isaiah 1:30;—leaf, leafage, of various trees Genesis 3:7; Genesis 8:11; Nehemiah 8:15^(×5); green Jeremiah 17:8, flourishing Proverbs 11:28; but usually fading Isaiah 1:30; Isaiah 34:4; Isaiah 64:5; Jeremiah 8:13; Ezekiel 47:12 Psalms 1:3; driven leaf Leviticus 26:36; Job 13:25; עלה לִתְרוּפָה leaf for healing Ezekiel 47:12.

עֵלִי

n.pr.m. Eli, priest at Shiloh I Samuel 1:3 (+ v I Samuel 1:3 𝔊 Th Klo HPS), v I Samuel 1:9, I Samuel 1:12 + 28 times I Samuel 1:1-4 + I Samuel 14:3 I Kings 2:27; Ηλει.

עֹלָה

n.f. whole burnt-offering (that which goes up (√ 6) to heaven (al. on altar));—ע׳ Genesis 22:3 + 141 times; עוֹלָה Numbers 28:27 + 33 times; cstr. עֹלַת Exodus 29:42 + 27 times, עוֹלַת Numbers 28:24 + 2 times; sf. עוֹלָֽתְךָ Psalms 20:4, etc.; pl. עֹלוֹת Joshua 8:31 + 42 times, עֹלֹת Genesis 8:20 + 3 times; עוֹלֹת Deuteronomy 27:6, עוֹלוֹת Amos 5:22 +; sf. עֹלוֹתֵיכֶם Jeremiah 6:20 +, etc.;—the whole burnt-offering (beast or fowl) is entirely consumed and goes up in the flame of the altar to God expressing the ascent of the soul in worship. All of the victim is laid on the altar except the hide and such parts as could not be washed clean. If beast the ע׳ must be a male without blemish Leviticus 1:3, Leviticus 1:10; Leviticus 22:18, Leviticus 22:19, of herd or flock; if of flock, either sheep or goat; if fowl, either turtledove or young pigeon Leviticus 1:14, the latter usually offered by the poor †Leviticus 5:7; Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:22; Leviticus 15:14, Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:29, Leviticus 15:30; Numbers 6:10, Numbers 6:11. A lamb was offered by individuals Leviticus 12:6; Numbers 6:14, and by the nation at the עֹמֶר offering Leviticus 23:12, and daily at the עֹלַת הַבֹּקֶר Leviticus 9:17; Numbers 28:23; II Kings 16:15; Ezekiel 46:13, and at morning and evening עלה תמיד Numbers 28:3, †עֹלַת (הַ)תָּמִיד Exodus 29:42; Numbers 28:6, Numbers 28:10, Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:23, Numbers 28:24, Numbers 28:31; Numbers 29:6, Numbers 29:11, Numbers 29:16, Numbers 29:19, Numbers 29:22, Numbers 29:25, Numbers 29:28, Numbers 29:31, Numbers 29:34, Numbers 29:38; Ezra 3:5; Nehemiah 10:34; Ezekiel 46:15. These were doubled at the עֹלַת שַׁבָּת Numbers 28:10. A ram was offered by Aaron and his sons †Exodus 29:18; Leviticus 8:18; Leviticus 9:2; Leviticus 16:3, Leviticus 16:5; but a young bullock was of greater value Numbers 15:8, Numbers 15:24; II Samuel 24:22 I Chronicles 21:23, at consecration of Levites Numbers 8:12, so calves Micah 6:6; on great occasions bullocks + rams Numbers 23:1-6, Numbers 23:14, Numbers 23:15, bullocks + rams + lambs Isaiah 1:11; one of each kind offered by tribal chiefs Numbers 7:15, Numbers 7:21, Numbers 7:27, Numbers 7:33, Numbers 7:39, Numbers 7:45, Numbers 7:51, Numbers 7:57, Numbers 7:63, Numbers 7:69, Numbers 7:75, Numbers 7:81, Numbers 7:87. In ritual of עֹלַת (ה)חֹדֶשׁ Numbers 28:14; Numbers 29:6 and at מצּות and Pentecost 2 bullocks, 1 ram, and 7 lambs were added to daily offering Numbers 28:11, Numbers 28:19, Numbers 28:27; at offering of new bread at Pentecost 1 bullock, 2 rams, and 7 lambs Leviticus 23:18; on the 1st and 10th of the 7th month and at עצרת 1 bullock, 1 ram, and 7 lambs, in addition to the offerings of new moon Numbers 29:2, Numbers 29:8, Numbers 29:36; the system culminated in 70 bullocks, 14 rams, 98 lambs for the 7 days of Tabernacles Numbers 29:13 According to Ezek. the prince was to offer on each of 7 days of מצות 7 bullocks and 7 rams Ezekiel 45:23, and on Sabbath 6 lambs and 1 ram Ezekiel 46:4. At the reconsecration of temple 70 bullocks, 100 rams, and 200 lambs were offered II Chronicles 29:32, and at the return of exiles 12 bullocks, 96 rams, and 77 lambs Ezra 8:35. In early times whole burnt-offerings of children were sometimes made, e.g. Jephthah’s daughter Judges 11:31, Isaac proposed as, Genesis 22:2 but ram substituted v Genesis 22:13; made to other gods II Kings 3:27; Jeremiah 19:5 +. The ע׳ was anciently made on any altar used for worship, but in P confined to †מִזְבַּח הָעֹלָה Exodus 30:28; Exodus 31:9; Exodus 35:16; Exodus 38:1; Exodus 40:6, Exodus 40:10, Exodus 40:29; Leviticus 4:7, Leviticus 4:10, Leviticus 4:18, Leviticus 4:25^(×2), Leviticus 4:30, Leviticus 4:34; I Chronicles 6:34; I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 21:26, I Chronicles 21:29; II Chronicles 29:18 (not in other lit.); מזבח לעלה Joshua 22:29; I Chronicles 22:1. The offerer imposed his hands on head of animal, then slaughtered it Leviticus 1:4, Leviticus 1:5; †שׁחט ע׳ Leviticus 4:24, Leviticus 4:33; Leviticus 6:8; Leviticus 7:2; Leviticus 9:12; Leviticus 9:14;Leviticus 14:13, Leviticus 14:19, Leviticus 14:31; Ezekiel 40:39, Ezekiel 40:42; Ezekiel 44:11, and flayed it †הִפְשִׁיט ע׳ Leviticus 1:6 II Chronicles 29:34. The priest washed the pieces Ezekiel 40:38; arranged them on the altar above the wood Leviticus 6:5; the fire devoured them v Leviticus 6:2-6; Leviticus 9:24; I Kings 18:38; II Chronicles 7:1, they went up in the flame ריח ניחח ליהוה (ל) Leviticus 1:9, Leviticus 1:13, Leviticus 1:17; Leviticus 8:21 Numbers 28:13; לְרָצוֹן, according to character of offerer is Isaiah 56:7; Jeremiah 6:20; see also Psalms 20:4; Psalms 40:7; Psalms 51:18; I Samuel 15:22. Phrases: †העלה ע׳ Genesis 8:20 Exodus 32:6 (J) Exodus 24:5 (E) Exodus 30:9; Exodus 40:29; Leviticus 14:20; Leviticus 17:8 (P) Deuteronomy 12:13, Deuteronomy 12:14; Deuteronomy 27:6; Joshua 8:31; Joshua 22:23; Judges 6:26; Judges 20:26; Judges 21:4; I Samuel 6:14, I Samuel 6:15; I Samuel 7:9, I Samuel 7:10; I Samuel 10:8; I Samuel 13:9, I Samuel 13:10, I Samuel 13:12; II Samuel 6:17, II Samuel 6:18; II Samuel 24:24, II Samuel 24:25; I Kings 3:4, I Kings 3:15; I Kings 9:25; I Kings 10:5; II Kings 3:27; I Chronicles 16:2, I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 21:24, I Chronicles 21:26; I Chronicles 23:31; I Chronicles 29:21; II Chronicles 1:6; II Chronicles 8:12; II Chronicles 9:4; II Chronicles 23:18; II Chronicles 24:14; II Chronicles 29:7, II Chronicles 29:27; II Chronicles 35:14, II Chronicles 35:16; Ezra 3:2, Ezra 3:3, Ezra 3:6; Job 1:5; Job 42:8 Psalms 66:15 Jeremiah 14:12; Jeremiah 33:18; Ezekiel 43:18, Ezekiel 43:24; Amos 5:22 (cf. העלה 9); †זבח ע׳ Exodus 20:21 (E); עשׂה לע׳ Leviticus 23:12; Numbers 6:11; Numbers 15:24; Numbers 29:39; †עָשָׂה ע׳ Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:22; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30; Leviticus 16:24^(×2); Numbers 6:16; Numbers 8:12; Numbers 15:3, Numbers 15:8; Numbers 29:2; Deuteronomy 12:27; Judges 13:16; I Kings 8:61; II Kings 5:17; II Kings 10:24, II Kings 10:25; II Chronicles 7:7; Ezekiel 43:27; Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:23; Ezekiel 46:2, Ezekiel 46:12^(×2), Ezekiel 46:13; †הִקְרִיב ע׳ Leviticus 7:8; Leviticus 9:16; Leviticus 10:19; Leviticus 23:37; Numbers 28:3, Numbers 28:11, Numbers 28:19, Numbers 28:27; Numbers 29:8, Numbers 29:13, Numbers 29:36; I Chronicles 16:1; Ezra 8:35; Ezekiel 46:4; הקריב לע׳ Leviticus 22:18; Numbers 6:14; †הביא ע׳ Deuteronomy 12:6, Deuteronomy 12:11; II Chronicles 29:31, II Chronicles 29:32; II Chronicles 30:15; Isaiah 43:23; Jeremiah 17:26; †הקטיר ע׳ II Kings 16:13, II Kings 16:15; II Chronicles 13:11.—עֹלָתָה, עוֹלוֹת v. also עַוְלָה sub I. עוּל.

עֹלָה²

n.f. ascent, stairway, עלותו Ezekiel 40:26 Kt, עֹלוֹתָיו Qr; read prob. מַעֲלָתוֹ (𝔊 Co SS לוֹ, Toy עֹלָתוֹ).

עֶלְיוֹן

adj.

high;—ms. ע׳ Deuteronomy 26:19; Deuteronomy 28:1; I Kings 9:8 (? reading הַבַּיִת הַזֶּה הָע׳ as 𝔊L Benz) = II Chronicles 7:21, of י׳ Psalms 97:9.

upper Bethhoron, ע׳ Joshua 16:5 העליון I Chronicles 7:24; II Chronicles 8:5, the upper (opp. lower), of house Nehemiah 3:25; cf. II Kings 15:35; II Chronicles 23:20 + 5 times, + Genesis 40:17 (uppermost basket); fs. הָעֶלְיוֹנָה the upper pool II Kings 18:17 = Isaiah 36:2; Isaiah 7:3; the highest side-chamber (צֵלָע) Ezekiel 41:7; fpl. הָעֶלְיוֹנֹת Ezekiel 42:5 the upper chambers (לְשָׁכוֹת).

of Davidic king exalted above monarchs Psalms 89:28 (cf. Deuteronomy 28:1, supr.).

עֶלְיוֹן²

n.m. Highest, Most High (prob. = foreg.);—

name of God Numbers 24:16; Deuteronomy 32:8 Psalms 18:14 = II Samuel 22:14 Psalms 9:3; Psalms 21:8; Psalms 46:5; Psalms 50:14; Psalms 73:11; Psalms 77:11; Psalms 78:17; Psalms 83:19; Psalms 87:5; Psalms 91:1, Psalms 91:9; Psalms 92:2; Psalms 107:11; Isaiah 14:14; Lamentations 3:35, Lamentations 3:38; with other divine names: אל עליון Genesis 14:18, Genesis 14:19, Genesis 14:20, Genesis 14:22 (v. Di) Psalms 78:35; יהוה עליון Psalms 7:18; Psalms 47:3; אלהים עליון Psalms 57:3; Psalms 78:56.

of rulers, either monarchs or angel-princes, בְּנֵי עֶלְיוֹן = אלהים Psalms 82:6.

עַל²

(cf. Kö^{ii. 261 f.})

subst. height (poet.) †Hosea 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָ֗ל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), Hosea 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adv. accus., II Samuel 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, †(ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Genesis 27:39; Genesis 49:25 Psalms 50:4 (opp. מִתַּחַת Exodus 20:4. In prose מִמַּעַל).

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against (SI^4.6; Moab. Aramaic id.; Ph. על, and עלת; Palm. Nab. על; Sab. עלי, Arabic عَلَى );—abbrev. from עֲלֵי (cf. אֱלֵי, עֲדֵי), which is preserved in poetry, Genesis 49:17^(×2), Genesis 49:22^(×2) Numbers 24:6^(×2) Deuteronomy 32:2^(×2) Isaiah 18:4; Jeremiah 8:18; Micah 5:6; Lamentations 4:5; I Kings 20:41; Qr, Job 7:1 Qr + 10 times ψ, 3 times Pr, 15 times Jb; with sf. עָלַי; עָלֶיךָ, עָלַיִךְ (†Psalms 116:7 the Aramaizing form עָלָ֑יְכִי); עָלָיו, + I Samuel 2:10 עָלָו, עָלֶיהָ; 1 pl. עָלֵינוּ; 2 mpl. עֲלֵיכֶם, + Exodus 12:13 עֲלֵכֶם, 2 fpl. עֲלֵיכֶן †Ezekiel 23:49; 3 mpl. עֲלֵיהֶם, 13 times in Pent. עֲלֵהֶם Genesis 45:15, etc. (Kö^{ii. 305}), poet. עָלֵ֫ימוֹ Deuteronomy 22:23 + 11 times ψ, Jb (perhaps sometimes sg., Ges^{§ 103 i, N.}); 3 fpl. עֲלֵיהֶן, †Exodus 29:13 עֲלֵהֶן Exodus 29:22; Leviticus 3:4, Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:16 (on the form of עֲלֵי, עָלַי, etc., v. Kö^{ii. 390 ff.}, and cf. sub עַד).

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed; as על־הארץ upon the earth Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:26; Genesis 7:6, etc., Psalms 110:6 על ארץ רבה over a wide country; על האדמה upon the ground Exodus 20:12 + often, Amos 7:12 עַל אֲדָמָה טְמֵאָה, Isaiah 14:2 על אדמת י׳, Psalms 137:4 עַל אַדְמַת נֵכָר (אֲדָמָה being properly ground, soil, is construed regularly with על, באדמה being very rare), more definitely על פני האדמה Genesis 6:1; Numbers 12:3 + often; על מקום Leviticus 14:28; Jeremiah 45:5 (uncommon: usually בְּ); Deuteronomy 17:20; Isaiah 9:6 עַל מַמְלַכְתּוֹ upon his realm, II Chronicles 1:1; עַל בָּֽתִּים very strangely Hosea 11:11 (read וַהֲשִׁבֹתִים with 𝔊; v. 7 c α β); constantly after such vbs. as נוח, ישׁב, רכב, etc., Genesis 8:4; Exodus 11:5; כתב על to write (idiom.) on a book or other surface, Joshua 10:13, etc.; יצא על go forth over Genesis 41:45; Zechariah 5:3 Psalms 81:6; with נִשְׁעַן, נִסְמַךְ, בָּטַח (fig.), to lean or trust upon: Genesis 3:14 to go עַל גְּחֹנְךָ upon thy belly, Genesis 32:32 to limp עַל יְרֵכוֹ upon his thigh, I Samuel 14:13; Ezekiel 37:10; Judges 15:8 to smite שׁוֹק עַל יָרֵךְ leg upon thigh, i.e. so that the scattered limbs fall one upon another, Amos 3:15. And with ref. not to a horizontal surface but to a side, Leviticus 1:5 + זָרַק עַל to pour against the altar, I Kings 6:5, I Kings 6:18 to build against the temple, Joshua 10:27, etc. Fig. Exodus 23:13 let it not be heard עַל פִּיךָ upon thy mouth (in out idiom, upon thy lips, as Proverbs 22:18), Psalms 15:3 לֹא רָגַל עַל לְשֹׁנוֹ he slandereth not (i.e. prepares not slander) upon his tongue, II Samuel 23:2 וּמִלָּתוֹ עַל לְשׁוֹנִי, Proverbs 16:23, Proverbs 16:27; Proverbs 31:26; Ecclesiastes 5:1; cf. נָשָׂא עַל שְׂפָתַיִם or עַל פֶּה Psalms 16:4; Psalms 50:16; Ezekiel 36:3. Specially

—(a) of clothing, etc., which any one wears, Genesis 37:23 the tunic אשׁר עליו which was upon him, Joshua 9:5; I Kings 11:30; Ruth 3:15 +; Genesis 24:30; Genesis 38:30; II Samuel 13:18, of a sword II Samuel 20:8 Song of Songs 3:8; so הָיָה עַל Leviticus 16:4; Deuteronomy 22:5; Ezekiel 44:18; I Chronicles 15:27; I Chronicles 18:7 (‖ II Samuel 8:7 אֶל: see p. 41 a); cf. לֹא יַעֲלֶה עָלֶיךָ Leviticus 19:19; Ezekiel 44:17, and with הֶעֱלָה, below, 7 b. (b) With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it (‘upon’ referred to a side): v. גָּנַן, כָּסָה, סָכַךְ, עַטָה; Nehemiah 2:8 יד אלהי הטובה עלי, cf. v Nehemiah 2:18 Ezra 7:6, Ezra 7:9; Ezra 8:18, Ezra 8:22, Ezra 8:31; Exodus 27:21 the veil that is over (i.e. before) the testimony, I Samuel 25:16 חוֹמָה הָיוּ עַלֵינוּ they were a wall about us; סָגַר עַל to shut in (or down) upon Exodus 14:3; Job 12:14; Ezekiel 13:5; Job 13:27; Job 26:9; Job 36:30 he spreadeth his light עַלָיו about him.

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him, Isaiah 1:14 הָיוּ עַלַי לָטֹרַח they are a cumbrance upon me, Job 7:20 I am a burden עָלַי upon myself, II Samuel 15:33 (cf. with אֶל II Samuel 19:36); כָּבַד עַל to be heavy upon Exodus 5:9 al. (v. כָּבַד); of sin, calamity, etc. Isaiah 53:5; Ezekiel 33:10 Psalms 88:8; Job 21:9; II Chronicles 15:5; II Chronicles 28:13; Ecclesiastes 6:1; Ecclesiastes 8:6 (cf. 5 a β); Leviticus 7:20 וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו Leviticus 22:3: idiomatically, Genesis 48:7 מֵתָה עָלַי רָחֵל Rachel died upon me (i.e. to my sorrow), Genesis 33:13 וְהַבָּקָר עָלוֹת עָלַי are giving suck upon me (i.e. as a care to me), Numbers 11:13 יִבְכּוּ עָלַי they weep upon me (vexing me), Judges 14:16, Judges 14:17; Judges 19:2 (v. Be), I Samuel 21:16 to play the mad man upon me, Jeremiah 12:11.

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him, as שָׂם עַל to lay upon Exodus 5:8; Exodus 21:22, Exodus 21:30 (שָׁת), Exodus 22:24, cf. Genesis 47:26; II Chronicles 35:25; with other verbs, Job 38:10; Deuteronomy 24:5; Deuteronomy 26:6; II Kings 15:20; II Kings 18:14; II Kings 23:33; Nehemiah 10:33^(×2) Esther 1:8; Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, Esther 9:31; with צִוָּה enjoin upon Genesis 2:16 + often, כתב prescribe to II Kings 22:13 Psalms 40:8, נטשׁ cast upon I Samuel 17:20 (v I Samuel 17:22 על יד), נתן על יד (fig.) Genesis 42:37; II Kings 12:12; II Kings 22:5, cf. I Kings 14:27, עזב Psalms 10:14, גלל Psalms 37:5, השׁליך Psalms 55:23, פקד Job 34:13 al.; Genesis 30:28 נָקְבָה שְׂכָֽרְךָ עָלַי fix thy wages upon me (name thy wages to me), Genesis 34:12 הַרְבּוּ עָלַי מְאֹד מֹהַר וּמַתָּן multiply upon me, etc., II Samuel 19:39 (pregn.) whatsoever thou choosest (and layest) upon me; without a verb, Judges 19:20 רַק כָּל־מַחְסֹרְךָ עָלָ֑י only let all thy wants be upon me, Ezra 10:4 Psalms 56:13 עָלַי נְדָרֶיךָ thy vows are upon me (i.e. I owe them: cf. Numbers 30:7, Numbers 30:9, Numbers 30:15), Proverbs 7:14 זִבְחֵי שְׁלָמִים עָלָ֑י peace-offerings were upon me (= were due from me); perhaps Psalms 62:1; Psalms 77:1 (to the charge of); with an inf. II Samuel 18:11 וְעָלַי לָתֵת and it would have been incumbent on me to give, etc., I Kings 4:7; Ezra 10:12 (accents [Baer], RV^m), Nehemiah 13:13, cf. Zechariah 12:2 (Ew RVm); Numbers 7:9 (P) the service of … was upon them, Ezekiel 45:17, so especially late I Chronicles 9:27, I Chronicles 9:33; I Chronicles 23:31; II Chronicles 2:3 לעולם זאת על ישׂראל, II Chronicles 8:15; II Chronicles 24:9; Ezra 7:11; Nehemiah 11:23; Isaiah 9:5 and the government is upon his shoulder (cf. Isaiah 22:22), II Chronicles 25:3; Psalms 7:11 מָֽגִנִּי עַל־א׳ my shield rests upon God (he has undertaken my defence), Psalms 62:8 על־אלהים יִשְׁעִי וּכְבֹדִי.

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him: Psalms 42:6 why art thou cast down, O my soul, וַתֶּהֱמִי עָלַי and disquieted upon me? v Psalms 42:7 my soul upon me is cast down, v Psalms 42:12 Psalms 43:5; Lamentations 3:20; Psalms 131:2 כְּגָמֻל עֲלֵי אִמּוֹ כַּגָּמוּל עָלַי נַפְשִׁי is my soul upon me; Psalms 142:4 בְּהִתְעַטֵּף עָלַי רוּחִי when my spirit faints upon me, Psalms 143:4; Jonah 2:8; Jeremiah 8:18 עָלַי לִבִּי דַוָּֽי׃ my heart upon me is sick, Job 14:22^(×2) (cf. Di), Hosea 11:8 נהפך עלי לבי my heart is turned (altered) upon me, I Samuel 17:32; I Samuel 25:36; Nehemiah 5:7 וַיִּמָּלֵךְ לִבִּי עָלַי and my heart took counsel upon me: cf. Psalms 42:5 I will pour out my soul upon me, Job 30:16; Job 10:1 אעזבה עלי שׂיחי I will let loose my complaint upon me. (Thes apud me, mecum. The rend. ‘within me’ alters entirely the point of view of the Heb. expression, and is incorrect.) Denoting with some emph. the subj. of an experience, Job 30:2 עלימו אבד כָּ֑לַח, Daniel 2:1 his sleep נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו was done with upon him (cf. Aramaic Daniel 6:19 נַדַּת עֲלוֹהִי), Daniel 10:8 וְהוֹדִי נְהְפַּךְ עָלַי (cf. Daniel 5:9; Daniel 7:28): also, rather differently, Leviticus 18:18; Jeremiah 49:20 אִם לֹא יַשִּׁים עֲלֵיהֶם נְוֵהֶם, Micah 7:13 Psalms 90:17; Psalms 7:9 according to my perfectness upon me, Ezekiel 18:20; Ezekiel 22:3; II Chronicles 36:8.

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support; cf. Isaiah 3:1, and ζῆν ἐπί τινος), Deuteronomy 8:3 עַל־הַלֶּחֶם, Isaiah 38:16 (cf. Hi), Genesis 27:40 על חרבך תחיה upon (= by) thy sword thou shalt live (cf. Kazwini^{ii. 17} ap. Tuch), Ezekiel 33:19, cf. v Ezekiel 33:26.

Of the ground, or basis, on which a thing is done, as Genesis 24:9 על הדבר הזה, Leviticus 7:12 if he offers it עַל תּוֹדָה on the ground of a thanksgiving, Numbers 6:21 עַל נִזְרוֹ, v b Ezekiel 16:15; Ezekiel 28:17; Daniel 8:25 עַל שִׂכְלוֹ, Daniel 9:18 על צדקותינו (with عَلَى this use is extended so as to denote explicitly on condition of). Hence (a) the basis being conceived as regulative, על comes to denote the norm or standard (cf. Germ. ‘auf die Art’; W^{AG ii. § 59 i}): the transition may be seen in a passage like Exodus 24:8 the covenant which י׳ made with you on the basis of (על), or in agreement with, all these words (cf. על פי Exodus 34:27), Numbers 35:24 על המשׁפטים האלה, Deuteronomy 17:11; Jeremiah 30:18 the palace shall sit (i.e. be inhabited: v. ישׁב) עַל מִשְׁפָּטוֹ in accordance with its manner, Psalms 94:20 who frames mischief עֲלֵי־חֹק in accordance with a law, על פי … according to the mouth (i.e. command, Genesis 45:21 + often, evidence Deuteronomy 17:6; Deuteronomy 19:15, sentence Deuteronomy 21:5) of …; עַל שֵׁם … according to the name of … (mostly with call, be called) Genesis 48:6; Exodus 28:21; II Samuel 18:18 +, cf. I Chronicles 23:14; Exodus 6:26; Exodus 12:51 עַל צִבְאֹתָם according to their hosts (usually לְ), Numbers 1:18 על משׁפחתם (usually לְ), v Numbers 1:52 Numbers 2:2, Numbers 2:34; Numbers 7:3 (‖ ל), Deuteronomy 18:8 (prob.); עַל יְדֵי according to the hands (direction) of Jeremiah 5:31; Jeremiah 33:13 al. (v. p. 391 b); Psalms 110:4 עַל דִּבְרָתִי מ׳ after the manner of M.; Proverbs 25:11 (prob.) a word spoken עַל אָפְנָיו in accordance with its circumstances = appositely; of the tune according to which a song is to be sung (RV. set to) Psalms 6:1 (I Chronicles 15:21), Psalms 8:1; Psalms 9:1; Psalms 12:1; Psalms 45:1; Psalms 46:1 (I Chronicles 15:20) עַל־עֲלָמוֹת (perhaps, however, in the manner of maidens = for ‘sopranos’), Psalms 53:1; Psalms 56:1; Psalms 60:1; Psalms 69:1; Psalms 81:1; Psalms 84:1; Psalms 88:1 (cf. in Syriac ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܴܐ ܕ). (b) The basis being conceived as involving the ground, על denotes the cause or reason, on account of, because of, Genesis 20:3 lo thou shalt die עַל הָאִשָּׁה on account of the woman, Genesis 21:12; Genesis 26:7, Genesis 26:9; Genesis 27:41; Genesis 42:21; Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28; Leviticus 5:18; Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28; Deuteronomy 9:18; Deuteronomy 24:16 fathers shall not be put to death על־בנים on account of children, Deuteronomy 31:18; Joshua 9:20; Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 5:9; Ezekiel 18:26 עליהם (‖ Ezekiel 33:18 בָּהֶם), Proverbs 28:21 Psalms 39:12; Psalms 50:8 + often; Psalms 44:23 עָלֶיךָ הֹרַגְנוּ on thy account are we slain all the day, Psalms 69:8; Jeremiah 15:15; in the phrases עַל דְּבַר …, עַל אוֹדוֹת, עַל זֹאת and עַל זֶה on this account, עַל מָה on what account? עַל־כֵּן = therefore (v. דָּבָר, אוֹדָה, etc.); before an inf., as Exodus 17:7 וְעַל נַסּוֹתָם אֶת־י׳ and on account of their trying י׳, Amos 1:3 עַל דּוּשָׁם on account of their threshing = because they threshed, v Amos 1:6, Amos 1:9, Amos 1:11, Amos 1:13, etc., Jeremiah 2:35 עַל אָמְרֵךֶ because of thy saying, Jeremiah 9:12; Jeremiah 16:18 +; and as a conj. both with and without אֲשֶׁר or כִּי (v. infr. III). And so often of the ground or cause of fear, grief, delight, or other emotions, e.g. Exodus 18:9; Exodus 32:14 (נִחַם repent: so often), I Samuel 4:13; I Samuel 30:6; II Samuel 1:26; II Samuel 3:8; I Kings 21:4; II Kings 6:11; Jeremiah 10:19 Amos 6:6. (c) Somewhat more strongly, on behalf of, for the sake of, Genesis 19:17 escape על נפשׁך for thy life; Judges 9:17; II Kings 10:3 נִלְחַם עַל (usually ל); I Kings 2:18 I will speak on thy behalf to the king, v I Kings 2:19 (II Kings 4:13 לְ); Esther 4:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 7:7; Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16; Daniel 12:1 עמד על stand up (in late Heb.) on behalf of; התפלל על intercede for (usually בעד) Job 42:8; Nehemiah 1:6; II Chronicles 30:18; II Chronicles 29:21 Ezra 8:35; and very often with כִּפֶּר (q.v.) make atonement for. (Not very common with other verbs.) (d) Sometimes it acquires almost a final force, for; Exodus 12:4; Exodus 29:36; Exodus 30:16; Deuteronomy 27:13 these shall stand עַל־הַקְּלָלָה (‖ v Deuteronomy 27:12 לְבָרֵךְ), Psalms 89:48 עַל־מַה־שָּׁוְא בָּרָאתָ כָל־בְּנֵי־אָדָם unto what vanity hast thou created, etc.! Proverbs 29:5; II Chronicles 23:18; Ecclesiastes 3:17. (e) Of a condition, or attendant circumstances (rare; so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 e}): Psalms 50:5 עֲלֵי זָ֑נַח ׃ upon, with sacrifice, Psalms 92:4 עֲלֵי עָשׂוֹר וגו׳ with a ten-stringed instr., with a harp, with sounding music on a lyre; עַל רִיב upon occasion of a lawsuit Exodus 23:2; Ezekiel 44:24, עַל יוֹם טוֹב I Samuel 25:8 (cf. عَلَى حِينِ at a time of … Qor 28:14), Nehemiah 12:22 (? read עַד BeRy), Isaiah 18:4 כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֹר at time of sunshine, Isaiah 64:11 עַל אֵלֶּה, Jeremiah 8:18 עֲלֵי יָגוֹן at time of sorrow, Jeremiah 16:7 (but Gie עַל אָבֵל to): with abstr. substs. to form a periphr. for adverbs, Leviticus 5:22 and swear עַל שֶׁקֶר upon falseness = falsely, Jeremiah 6:14 = Jeremiah 8:11 to heal a wound עַל נְקַלָּה lightly, easily, Psalms 31:24 עַל יֶתֶר = abundantly, Isaiah 60:7 עַל רָצוֹן = acceptably (cf. عَلَى لَذَّةٍ = with delight). (f) It hence acquires the force of in spite of, notwithstanding (so عَلَى, W^{AG ii. § 59 h}), Job 10:7 עַל דַּעְתְּךָ in spite of thy knowing, Job 34:6 על משׁפטי notwithstanding my right I am to be a liar (Di De Da RV: otherwise Hi RV^m). cf. below, III c b. (g) Upon, concerning, with vbs. of speaking, as דִּבֶּר Judges 9:3; I Kings 5:13, אָמַר Jeremiah 16:3; Jeremiah 27:19 (‖ אל) Jeremiah 33:4, hearing Genesis 41:15 שָׁמַעְתִּי עָלֶיךָ I have heard concerning thee, saying, etc., I Kings 10:6; Isaiah 37:9 (‖ II Kings 19:9 אל), disputing Genesis 26:21, telling I Samuel 27:11; Joel 1:3, commanding II Samuel 14:8; I Kings 11:10, being vexed I Kings 21:4; II Kings 6:11, crying II Kings 8:5, confessing Psalms 32:5 Nehemiah 1:6; of the object of a prophecy or vision I Kings 22:8; Isaiah 1:1; Isaiah 2:1; and often with similar verbs. (h) In a somewhat weaker sense, in the matter of, as regards, Genesis 41:32 וְעַל הִשָּׁנוֹת הַחֲלוֹם, Exodus 22:8; Ruth 4:7; Leviticus 5:22, Leviticus 5:26; Daniel 9:14; Nehemiah 9:33; חָטָא עַל Leviticus 4:14 (‖ בָּהּ v Leviticus 4:23, cogn. acc. v Leviticus 4:28), Leviticus 5:5; Numbers 6:11; Nehemiah 13:26; … עַל־דְּבַר in the matter of, Numbers 25:18; Numbers 31:16.

It expresses excess (synon. מִן q.v.); Genesis 48:22 I give thee שְׁכֶם אַחַד עַל אַחֶיךָ one shoulder (ridge) above thy brethren, Exodus 16:5 מִשְׁנֶה על double above or beyond, Numbers 3:46 Deuteronomy 25:3 stripes עַל־אֵלֶּה beyond these, Joshua 3:15 Jordan מָלֵא עַל was full over all its banks (cf. Joshua 4:18 Isaiah 8:7 הלך על, עלה), Psalms 138:2 Ecclesiastes 1:16 Daniel 1:20 עֶשֶׂר יָדוֹת עַל ten times above (cf. in Aramaic 3:19, and عَلَى Qor 37:153), Ezra 1:6 †לְבַד עַל = beside (v. בַּד); Psalms 16:2 (si vera l.) טוֹבָתִי בַל עָלֶיךָ my welfare is not beyond thee, i.e. does not lie outside thee.—Of time, Leviticus 15:25 if she has an issue עַל נִדָּתָהּ beyond her time of impurity (cf. Isaiah 32:10, 4 b).

It denotes elevation or pre-eminence, as עליון על high (fig.) above, Deuteronomy 26:19 al., Deuteronomy 28:43 יעלה עליך will go up above thee, cf. Proverbs 31:29; Psalms 57:6, Psalms 57:12 be thou exalted above the heavens, Psalms 89:8; Psalms 95:3; Psalms 96:4, etc., Nehemiah 9:5; with words (q.v.) such as גבר, גדל, חזק, נשׂא (Ni. Pi. Hithp.), עזז, and especially those denoting rule or superintendence, as מלך, הפקיד; so with שָׁת, היה, נתן, Genesis 41:33, Genesis 41:40, Genesis 41:43, שׂם I Samuel 18:5; with פָּקִיד, שַׂר, מֶלֶךְ, etc., Genesis 41:34; Exodus 1:11; Exodus 18:21, etc.; abs. II Samuel 8:16 Joab was על־הצבא over the host, II Samuel 20:23, II Samuel 20:24 I Kings 4:4-6; I Kings 5:30; Numbers 10:14 I Chronicles 9:23, I Chronicles 9:26; I Chronicles 27:25; II Chronicles 30:17; II Chronicles 31:12; אֲשֶׁר עַל בֵּיתוֹ of Joseph’s steward Genesis 43:16, Genesis 43:19; Genesis 44:1, Genesis 44:4; and in the official titles אּשֶׁר עַל־הַבַּיִת = the Governor of the Palace Isaiah 22:15 al. (v. בַּיִת 6); אֲשֶׁר עַל־הַמַּס the overseer of the forced labour I Kings 12:18; אשׁר על־העיר the governor of the city II Kings 10:5, אשׁר על המלתחה v II Kings 10:22.

It expresses addition (cf. ἐπὶ in Gk., e.g. ἐπὶ τούτοις); viz.

introducing the complement of a verb, as with יָסַף to add upon or to, Psalms 61:7 + often (v. יָסַף), שָׁת to put to Genesis 30:40, נִלְוָה to be joined to Numbers 18:2, Numbers 18:4; Isaiah 14:1 (also c. אֶל), נָפַל to fall to, i.e. desert to, Jeremiah 21:9 +, עבר to pass over to Exodus 30:13, Exodus 30:14; Isaiah 45:14 (cf. Isaiah 60:5); also Habakkuk 2:16 תִּסֹּב כּוֹס עַל Lamentations 4:21, Esther 4:7; נֶחְשַׁב to be reckoned to Leviticus 25:31; II Samuel 4:2, היה על Numbers 36:12; Psalms 69:28 תְּנָה עָוֹן עַל עֲוֹנָם, Isaiah 56:8 עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו I will yet gather (others) unto him.

Used absol., as Genesis 28:9 he took Maḥalath עַל נָשָׁיו in addition to his (other) wives, Genesis 31:50 (cf. אל Leviticus 18:18), Numbers 31:8 עַל חַלְלֵיהֶם in addition to their slain (‖ Joshua 13:22 אֶל), Deuteronomy 23:14; Ezekiel 16:37, Ezekiel 16:43; Ezekiel 25:10; Isaiah 32:10 יָמִים עַל שָׁנָה days upon, in addition to, a year, II Chronicles 21:15 יָמִים עַל יָמִים, Ezekiel 7:26 הֹוָה עַל הֹוָה תָבוֹא (‖ אל), Jeremiah 4:20 (if נִקְרָא = be proclaimed), Job 16:14 יִפְרְצֵנִי פֶרֶץ עַלאפְּנֵי־פָ֑רֶץ (cf. Lag^{M iii. 112}; also Il. 14:130 ἕλκος ἐφʼ ἕλκει, Odyss. 7:120f., Qor 31:13). So often in laws of P (cf. c), Leviticus 7:12 he shall offer עַל־זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה in addition to the sacrifice of thanksgiving, etc., v ^13b Numbers 6:20; Numbers 15:9; Numbers 28:10, Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:24 (cf. מִלְּבַד v ³¹ Numbers 29:6), Numbers 35:6; Ezekiel 16:43 (Hi Sm RV: cf. Ezekiel 44:7 אל).

Hence by an easy transition it denotes together with, with, Exodus 35:22 men together with (עַל) women, Job 38:32 וְעַיִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶיהָ תַנְחֵם and the Bear with her children, wilt thou lead them? I Kings 15:20; Jeremiah 3:18 the house of Isr. with the house of Judah, Micah 5:2 (Ca Ke Kue; but al. as 7 c a), Genesis 32:12 lest he come and smite me, אֵם עַל בָּנִים the mother with the children (cf. Hosea 10:14 Deuteronomy 22:6); and as a techn. term in the regulations for sacrifice, especially with אכל, Exodus 12:8 עַל־מְרֹרִים יֹאכְלֻהוּ together with bitter herbs they shall eat it, v Exodus 12:9 his head with (על) his legs, etc., Numbers 9:11; Deuteronomy 16:3 לֹא־תֹאכָל עָלָיו חָמֵץ (cf. Exodus 23:18; Exodus 34:25), v Deuteronomy 16:3; in the phrase אכל על הדם to eat with the blood I Samuel 14:32, I Samuel 14:33 (v I Samuel 14:34 אל), Leviticus 19:26; Ezekiel 33:25 (cf. in Gk. e.g. ἐπὶ τῷ σίτῳ πίνειν ὕδωρ); see also Leviticus 2:2, Leviticus 2:16; Leviticus 3:4 (so v Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:15 Leviticus 4:9; Leviticus 7:4), Leviticus 4:11; Leviticus 7:13, Leviticus 7:30; Leviticus 10:15; Leviticus 14:31; Leviticus 23:18, Leviticus 23:20; Numbers 6:17; Numbers 19:5; I Chronicles 7:4.

It expresses the idea of being suspended, or extended, over anything, without however being in contact with it, above, over: Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly over the earth, Genesis 19:23 השׁמשׁ יצא על had come forth upon the earth (cf. זרח על Exodus 22:2 +; בא על go down [set] upon Deuteronomy 24:15 Micah 3:6; Job 25:3), Numbers 10:34; Numbers 14:14 and thy cloud stood עליהם over them, Deuteronomy 28:23 the heavens על־ראשׁך above thy head, Isaiah 4:5; Isaiah 60:1, Isaiah 60:2; Zephaniah 2:11; Zechariah 9:14 Psalms 7:8 over it return thou on high, Job 29:3 בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי רֹאשִׁי (cf. דעך על be extinguished over, Job 18:6), Song of Songs 2:4 his banner over me: fig. of protection Deuteronomy 32:38 Psalms 68:35: with vbs. of motion (expressed or implied), נשׁקף על to incline over I Samuel 13:18 +, נטה ידו על Exodus 14:16; Isaiah 23:11 + (cf. Psalms 21:12), הניף על to swing over Isaiah 11:15; Isaiah 19:16; השׁמיע על to proclaim over Jeremiah 4:16; Amos 3:9, cf. Numbers 10:10; II Chronicles 13:12, נקרא שׁם על a name to be called over II Samuel 12:28 + (v. קרא).

From the sense of inclining or impending over, על comes to denote contiguity or proximity, Engl. by (or sometimes on):—

in designating localities, especially those beside water, Genesis 14:6 עַל־הַמִּדְבָּר by the wilderness, Genesis 16:7 עַל עֵין הַמַּיִם by the spring of water, Genesis 24:13, Genesis 24:30; Genesis 29:2 three flocks lying עָלֶיהָ by it (the well), Genesis 41:1 Numbers 3:26; Numbers 13:29 על־הים by the sea, Numbers 22:5; Numbers 24:6 gardens עֲלֵי נָהָר Deuteronomy 3:12; Deuteronomy 33:8; Judges 5:19; Judges 7:1; I Samuel 1:9 על מזוזת היכל י׳ (Ezekiel 46:2), I Samuel 4:1; II Kings 2:7 and they stood על־הירדן by the Jordan, II Kings 25:4 Isaiah 19:7; Isaiah 38:20 Psalms 1:3 planted by water-courses, Jeremiah 17:2, Jeremiah 17:8; Job 30:4; Job 31:9 על פתח by the entrance, Proverbs 14:19, + often.; על הדרך by the way Genesis 38:21; I Samuel 24:4; Ezekiel 48:24 על גבולו adjoining his border; עבר על to pass by a place I Kings 9:18; Jeremiah 18:16 +, fig. עבר על פשׁע to pass by transgression, i.e. to overlook it, Micah 7:18 al.: על יְמִין … on the right of … Psalms 110:5 +, עַל יַד …, עַל יֶרֶךְ …, עַל כֶּתֶף … on the side of … (see these words): less freq. (except as c) with ref. to persons, Numbers 2:5 וְהַחֹנִים עָלָיו and those encamping next him, v Numbers 2:12, Numbers 2:20, Numbers 2:27 Numbers 6:9 וכי ימות מת עליו, II Kings 11:11 by the king round about (cf. Numbers 3:26 supr.), עבר על פ׳ Genesis 18:5; II Kings 4:9 +.

II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 9:10 to eat bread עַל שֻׁלְחַן פּ׳ at any one’s table, Exodus 16:3 when we sat עַל־סִיר הַבָּשָׂר, I Samuel 20:24 Kt to sit עַל־חַלֶּהֶם at meat; I Samuel 25:13; I Samuel 30:24 to remain עַל־הַכֵּלִים; Proverbs 23:30 to tarry long על־היין at (or over) the wine, Job 39:9 עַל־אֲבוּסֶֽךָ ׃ at thy crib: cf. הַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט Isaiah 28:6.

Idiomatically, with עָמַד and נִצַּב to stand by (lit. over,—orig. no doubt with ref. to one supposed to be seated), Genesis 18:2 three men נִצָּבִים עָלָיו standing by him, v Genesis 18:8 and he עֹמֵד עליו standing by him under the tree, Genesis 24:30 by the camels, Genesis 28:13; I Samuel 4:20; II Samuel 1:9; II Samuel 20:11, II Samuel 20:12; Amos 7:7; especially of persons standing about a superior, as servants or courtiers, Genesis 45:1; Judges 3:19; I Samuel 22:6, I Samuel 22:7, I Samuel 22:17, of persons surrounding a judge Exodus 18:13, Exodus 18:14, of י׳’s heavenly ministers, I Kings 22:19 (cf. Isaiah 6:2 ממעל לו), Zechariah 4:14, and with התיצב Zechariah 6:5 Job 1:6; Job 2:1; also of one standing by (proposes leaning over) an altar or sacrifice Numbers 23:3, Numbers 23:6; I Kings 13:1 (cf. 7 b); Amos 9:1; of an Ashérah by an altar Judges 6:25, Judges 6:28 (cf. אֵצֶל Deuteronomy 16:21) ortree Jeremiah 17:2; cf. II Samuel 12:17 (קום) Exodus 2:15; II Samuel 2:13 (ישׁב).

In connexion with verbs of motion (actual or fig.):—

of motion from a higher place downwards, down upon: thus (a) המטיר על to rain upon Genesis 2:5; Genesis 19:24, ירד על Genesis 15:11, יצק על to pour upon Genesis 28:18, נפל על צוארי פ׳ Genesis 33:4, נפל על פניו to fall on his (own) face Genesis 17:3, Genesis 17:17, שׂם על to put upon, Genesis 21:14; Genesis 22:6, Genesis 22:9; Genesis 24:47 (v Genesis 24:22 Sam Di), נתן על כף to place on the hand of … Genesis 40:11, Genesis 40:21, השׁליך על II Samuel 20:12, etc.; cf. Job 29:22 וְעָלֵימוֹ תִּטֹּף מִלָּתִי, Micah 3:5; Nahum 3:12. (b) In diff. fig. connexions, as of sleep falling upon one, Genesis 2:21; Genesis 15:12; of fear Genesis 9:2; I Samuel 11:7 (v. פַּחַד, חֲרָדָה, אֵימָה); of good or bad fortune, especially the latter, coming upon one, as with בוא and הביא, Genesis 27:12; Deuteronomy 28:2 (in good sense), v Deuteronomy 28:15, Jeremiah 5:12; Jeremiah 19:3 (רעה, as often); of retribution, reproach, the Divine wrath, etc., with diff. verbs (הביא, נתן, ירד, חול, היה, etc.), as Genesis 20:9; Numbers 12:11 חטאה; Genesis 42:36 עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּנָה upon me are they all; Numbers 18:5 + (היה קֶצֶף על); Deuteronomy 19:10 דם (cf. אל II Samuel 21:2 𝔊 We Dr), Judges 9:24; I Kings 2:32; II Samuel 16:8; Hosea 12:15; II Samuel 3:29; II Samuel 15:14; I Samuel 11:2 חרפה; Jeremiah 14:16; Jeremiah 26:15 דם נקי (‖ אל), Jonah 1:14; Ezekiel 7:3, Ezekiel 7:4, Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 23:49; Ezekiel 36:29; Psalms 7:17; Psalms 94:2, Psalms 94:23; Psalms 109:5 וישׂימו עלי רעה תחת טובה (lay upon me: but Hu וישיבו, Proverbs 17:13), Psalms 140:11; שָׁפַךְ חֵמָה על Ezekiel 7:8 + often; without a verb, Genesis 16:5 חֲמָסִי עָלֶיךָ my wrong be upon thee, Jeremiah 51:35 (‖ אל); Genesis 27:13 עלי קללתך; Genesis 38:29 (accents, RV^m); II Samuel 1:16 דמיך על ראשׁך; II Samuel 14:9 עָלַי הֶעָוֹן; Isaiah 24:17; Jeremiah 48:43; Jeremiah 50:27; Ezekiel 13:3; הוֹי עַל …; Psalms 55:16 Kt.; of a blessing, Exodus 32:29 Psalms 3:9, a curse Deuteronomy 30:7, mercies (prob. conceived spec. as descending from heaven) Psalms 33:22; Psalms 86:13; Psalms 90:17; Psalms 103:17 (with גבר be mighty over or upon, v Psalms 103:11 Psalms 117:2), Psalms 116:12; Psalms 145:9; Ezra 3:11, שׁלום Psalms 125:5; Psalms 128:6; I Chronicles 22:9. (c.) Introducing the object upon which an action, or emotion, especially if accompanied by a gesture, is conceived as being directed (but with some of these words, especially when they refer to an event, rather than a person, as Exodus 18:9, על is to be explained from Exodus 18:1 b). Thus with verbs denoting the manifestation of joy or giref, as שׂושׂ to rejoice over, גיל, שׂמח, התענג, התפאר, שׂחק, אבל, ספד, שׁמם, בכה Judges 11:37 +, נשׂא (משׁל) קינה to take up a lament, or proverb, over (see these words); prob. also in הִנָּבֵא על prophecy over Ezekiel 11:4; Ezekiel 13:17 +; with חוּס, חָמַל, רִחַם to shew compassion on (cf. I Kings 3:26 [Genesis 43:30 אל], Song of Songs 5:4 [Jeremiah 31:20 ל]); with שׁמר, שׁקד, הֵעִיר (Job 8:6) to guard or watch over; with יעץ to counsel upon Isaiah 14:26 +, חשׁב to devise (usually in bad sense, Jeremiah 29:11 in good), דִּבֶּר (רעה Jeremiah 11:17 +, טובה Jeremiah 18:20; Jeremiah 32:42), הֵקִים דָּבָר Jeremiah 29:10. Of more distinctly phys. acts, with בכה to weep on Genesis 45:14, Genesis 45:15 +, שׁרק to hiss, ספק or תקע כף to clap the hand, הִכָּה כף Ezekiel 22:13 (‖ אל); Isaiah 5:30 to growl over, Isaiah 31:4 Ezekiel 36:2; Job 30:5; הִתְוַדָּה to confess over (the goat), Leviticus 16:21; Exodus 30:10 (prob.); Deuteronomy 21:6; Job 6:27; Job 40:30.

From a lower place upwards, up upon, up to, as עלה על to go up upon: Exodus 20:23; I Samuel 2:28; I Kings 12:33; II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 1:6 (an altar, i.e. to a ledge beside it; cf. II Kings 23:9, and ירד Leviticus 9:22; I Kings 1:53); Judges 9:51; Isaiah 14:14; Isaiah 40:9, etc.; to come up upon (in diff. connexions) Exodus 10:12; Leviticus 16:9 (fig.), Leviticus 19:19; I Samuel 1:11; I Samuel 6:7; I Kings 10:16, I Kings 10:17; fig. עלה על לב Isaiah 65:17 + (v. לב, לבב, 3 d); in Hiph. I Kings 20:23 וַיַּעֲלֵהוּ עַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה, Amos 8:10 (cf. 1 a a), II Samuel 1:24; Ezekiel 37:6 Psalms 137:6 (fig.), II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:14 (= ornamented with); Deuteronomy 28:61 (cf. Exodus 15:26); II Chronicles 20:34 the history of Jehu which הֹעֲלָה עַל was brought up upon (i.e. inserted in) the book of, etc. (cf. II Chronicles 32:32; and כתב על supr. 1); cf. נטה יד על־השׁמים up to heaven Exodus 9:22; Exodus 10:21; Exodus 17:16.

Expressing direction towards (not common, except in sense against: v. infr.)—(a) with verbs of motion, properly of a person (or thing) moving to another so as either to stand above, or rest upon, it (cf. Pusey^{Min. Pr. 333}), Exodus 34:12 הארץ אשׁר אתה בא עליה (simil., of a land, or place, Exodus 18:23 Numbers 11:12; I Kings 2:26 עֲנָתֹת לֵךָ עַל־שָׂדֶיךָ, Ezekiel 32:9; Jeremiah 3:18; Jeremiah 16:13; Jeremiah 22:26, and after שׁוּב or הֵשִׁיב Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 22:27; Jeremiah 23:3; Jeremiah 24:6 [but אֶל Jeremiah 27:22; Jeremiah 30:3 al.], Ezekiel 29:14; Genesis 40:13 וֶהֱשִׁיבְךָ עַל־כַּנֶּ֑ךָ, Genesis 41:13, Genesis 30:33 כִּי תָבֹא עַל שְׂכָרִי to view my hire; Leviticus 21:11; Numbers 6:6 בא על נפשׁ מֵת to come in upon a corpse; בא על אשׁה Genesis 19:31; Deuteronomy 25:5 (usually אל); Joshua 3:16 מַיִם יֹרְדִים עַל יָם, Ezekiel 47:8; I Kings 18:12 יִשָּֽׂאֲךָ עַל־אֲשֶׁר לֹא־אֵדָ֑ע, Psalms 19:7; II Kings 16:12; II Chronicles 20:24; Isaiah 53:1 upon whom (coming from above) was י׳’s arm revealed? Isaiah 62:10 הרימו נֵס על העמים over towards (but Isaiah 49:22 אל): but often it is dub. if this force is perceptible; and in gen. על in such cases seems to be used merely as a syn.—perhaps as a slightly more graphic syn.—of אֶל (cf. p. 41); in the later language, also, it may be due partly to the infl. of Aramaic, which does not use אֶל; thus (α) with a personal obj., with assemble or be assembled, Exodus 32:1; II Samuel 17:11; I Kings 8:5; I Kings 11:24; II Kings 22:20 (II Chronicles 34:28 and usually אל), II Chronicles 13:7, עלה Genesis 38:12; Joshua 2:8; I Samuel 14:10 (v I Samuel 14:9, I Samuel 14:12 אל), עבר I Samuel 14:4 (v I Samuel 14:1 אל), בא II Samuel 15:4 (v. Dr) I Chronicles 12:23, יצא II Kings 24:12, הוליך II Kings 25:20, נגע Judges 20:34, Judges 20:41 (cf. Isaiah 6:7; Jeremiah 1:9), נס Isaiah 10:3, הלך Isaiah 22:15 (אל … על), נשׂא Isaiah 30:6, שׁלח II Kings 18:27 (אל … על … על: ‖ Isaiah 36:12אל … אל … על), Jeremiah 26:15; Jeremiah 29:31; I Chronicles 13:2; II Chronicles 28:16; II Chronicles 30:1; II Chronicles 32:9, II Chronicles 32:31; II Chronicles 36:15; Nehemiah 6:3, נגשׁ Ezekiel 9:6, שׁב, השׁיב Nehemiah 4:6; Malachi 3:24 (v. c), sq. על י׳ II Chronicles 15:4; II Chronicles 30:9, התיצּב II Chronicles 11:13; letters going על פ׳ Nehemiah 2:7; Nehemiah 6:17 (v ^b אל). (β) of places, Genesis 24:49; II Samuel 2:19 + על ימין to the right; with הלך I Samuel 2:11; I Kings 20:43 על־ביתו (I Kings 21:4 אל), II Samuel 15:20 ואני הולך על אשׁר אני הולך, Jeremiah 1:7; Ezekiel 1:20 (v Ezekiel 1:12 אל), הוליך I Kings 1:38 (v I Kings 1:33 אל), נהר Micah 4:1 (‖ Isaiah 2:2 אל), Jeremiah 31:12 (אל … על), נגשׁ Ezekiel 44:13 (‖ אל), עלה I Samuel 24:23; II Samuel 19:1 I Kings 6:8 (‖ אל), Ezekiel 41:7, בא Jeremiah 14:3; Jeremiah 51:51, (על הר) הביא Isaiah 66:20 (Isaiah 56:7 אל), ירד Jeremiah 36:12, הִטָּה Proverbs 21:1, הסיר II Samuel 6:10 (‖ I Chronicles 13:13 אל), נתן Isaiah 29:12 (v Isaiah 29:11 אל) Micah 1:14; Micah 3:5; Genesis 42:37, השׁיב, שׁב, Numbers 33:7; Jeremiah 11:10 (fig., עַל עֲוֹנוֹת), Psalms 35:13 Job 34:15 (Genesis 3:19 אל), Proverbs 26:11. Ecclesiastes 1:6; I Kings 17:21, I Kings 17:22 (cf. I Samuel 30:12 אל) השׁתחוה Leviticus 26:1 (prob.), Isaiah 60:14; pregn. Isaiah 24:22 אֻסְּפוּ עַל בּוֹר be collected (and delivered) into a dungeon: cf. חוּשׁ עַל Job 31:5 (fig.), also to requite עַל־חֵיק Isaiah 65:6; Isaiah 65:7 Kt. (Jeremiah 32:18 Psalms 79:12 אל). After נראה appear, Psalms 90:16 (אל … על). And as far as, unto (nearly = עַל) Genesis 49:13 וְיַרְכָתוֹ עַל צִידוֹן Joshua 2:7; Joshua 18:13; Joshua 19:12; Jeremiah 31:39; Ezekiel 47:18; Ezekiel 48:21, Ezekiel 48:28 Psalms 48:11; I Chronicles 5:16. (b) With אמר say to, II Kings 22:8; Jeremiah 18:11 (אל … על), Jeremiah 22:6; Jeremiah 23:2, Jeremiah 23:35 (על … אל), Jeremiah 36:29; Jeremiah 44:20 (אל … על), דבר I Samuel 1:13 (Genesis 24:45 אל), I Kings 9:5; Hosea 12:11; Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 10:1; Jeremiah 11:2 (אל … על), speak to Jeremiah 25:2 (על … אל), Jeremiah 26:2, cf. Esther 1:17, היה דבר י׳ Jeremiah 25:1; I Chronicles 22:8 cf. I Chronicles 11:10, ענה II Samuel 19:43, קרא Isaiah 34:14; II Chronicles 32:18, שִׁוַּע Psalms 18:42, הֵרַע I Kings 17:20, שֹׁרֵר, שָׁר sing Proverbs 25:20; Job 33:27, החליק Proverbs 29:5 (Psalms 36:3 אל), התפלל I Samuel 1:10, כתב II Chronicles 30:1; Ezra 4:7; Esther 8:8, שׁמע II Kings 20:13 (= Isaiah 39:2), Isaiah 22:13; Jeremiah 23:16; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 35:18; Haggai 1:12; v. also הקשׁיב, האזין, הבין, התבונן, השׂכיל. (c) Expressing (or implying) the direction of the mind, II Samuel 14:1 לב המלך על אבשׁלם; Malachi 3:24; Ezra 6:22; Song of Songs 7:11 וְעָלַי תְּשׁוּקָתוֹ (Genesis 3:16; Genesis 4:7 אל); שָׂם לִבּוֹ על Job 1:8 (Job 2:3 אל), I Samuel 25:25 (אל … על); Jeremiah 22:17 thy eyes and thy heart are only (set) upon (על) …, I Chronicles 12:17; I Kings 1:20; II Chronicles 20:12 כִּי עָלֶיךָ עֵינֵינוּ (elsewhere אל), I Kings 2:15 עָלַי שָׂמוּ פניהם, Psalms 146:5 שִׂבְרוֹ על י׳; Isaiah 10:25 וְאַפִּי עַל־תַּבְלִיתָם be (directed) towards their destruction, Jeremiah 32:31 (Gf Ew: cf. RV); cf. שׁעה על look to (trustfully) Isaiah 17:7; Isaiah 31:1. (The uses a, b, c are all exceptional: אל would be regularly employed.) (d) With the force of over and towards (cf. 5 and 7 a b, end): Psalms 65:5 נוֹרָא עֲלִילָה עַל; to shine, etc. on, Psalms 31:17 הָאִירָה פָנֶיךָ עַל (Numbers 6:25 אל); רָאָה עַל Exodus 5:21; הוֹפִיעַ עַל Job 10:3; וְשַׂמְתִּי עֵינִי עַל Amos 9:4 + (cf. Job 14:3; Job 24:3; Job 34:21); הִשְׁקִיף עַל look out over Psalms 14:3 +.

In a hostile sense, upon, against: so very often, after every kind of verb expressing or implying attack, as בא Genesis 34:25, Genesis 34:27, נֶאֱסַף v Genesis 34:30, קצף to be angry Genesis 40:2, לון to murmur Exodus 15:24, עמד stand up Leviticus 19:16 +, קָם rise up Deuteronomy 19:11; Amos 7:9, נלחם Deuteronomy 20:10, חנה I Samuel 11:1 Psalms 27:3, עלה II Kings 17:3, חרה אף Zechariah 10:3 (usually בְּ), שׁפך סללה Isaiah 37:33, צוּר besiege Deuteronomy 20:12, חשׁב to devise Genesis 50:20; Jeremiah 11:19, דִּבֶּר Deuteronomy 13:6 +, etc.: add Job 16:4^(×2), Job 16:9, Job 16:10, Job 16:13; Job 19:12; Job 21:27; Job 30:12, etc.; היה על II Samuel 11:23; Numbers 31:3: הִנְנִי עָלַיִךְ (v. אֶל 4); note also Judges 9:31; Judges 20:5: without a verb Isaiah 9:20; Judges 16:12 פלשׁתים עליך the Philistines are upon thee, Judges 20:9 עָלָיהָ בְּגוֹרָל Against it by lot!

By writers of the silver age, על is sometimes used with the force of a dative, I Chronicles 13:2 אִם עֲלֵיבֶם טוֹב (in classical Heb. בְּעֵינֵיבֶם) if it seems good to you, אִם עַל הַמֶּלֶךְ טוֹב †Nehemiah 2:5, Nehemiah 2:7 Esther 1:19; Esther 3:9; Esther 5:4, Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; Esther 8:5; Esther 9:13 (cf. in Aramaic Ezra 5:17; Ezra 7:18); שָׁפַר עַל Psalms 16:6 (cf. in Aramaic Daniel 4:24); עָרַב עַל Psalms 104:34 (elsewhere לְ); רַע עַל Ecclesiastes 2:17 (v. De; cf. בְּאֵשׁ עַל Daniel 6:15): comp. Job 22:2 סָכַן על be profitable to, Job 33:23; also גָּמַל עַל (in both good and bad sense: v. גמל), Nehemiah 5:19 עשׂה על, Nehemiah 9:30 משׁך על prolong (mercy) to; הִטָּה חֶסֶד עַל Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 (Genesis 39:21 אל): I Samuel 20:8 read prob. עם for על. cf. Mish. חביב על, dear to; סני על hateful to; Syriac ܕܚܺܝܡ ܥܰܠ, ܡܩܰܒܰܠ ܥܰܠ, pleasant, acceptable to.—Comp. in gen. the uses of عَلَى,, W^{AG ii. § 59}.

With other particles:—עַל אַהֲרֵי Ezekiel 41:15; עַל בֵּין Ezekiel 19:11 (cf. אל Ezekiel 31:10, Ezekiel 31:14); עַל לִפְנֵי Ezekiel 40:15; עַל מֵעַל Ezekiel 41:17 (text dub.), v Ezekiel 41:20; עַל עֵבֶר Exodus 25:37 (cf. אל Ezekiel 1:9, Ezekiel 1:12); עַל־כָּ֫כָה Esther 9:26 (v. p. 462).—On עַל־יַד, עַל־יְדֵי, עַל פִּי, עַל־פְּנֵי, v. יָד, פֶּה, פָּנִים.

As conj.:

עַל אֲשֶׁר because that … (cf. above, II 1 f b), Exodus 32:35 and י׳ plagued the people על אשׁר עשׂו because they had made, etc., Numbers 20:24; Deuteronomy 29:24 (in answer to על מה: so I Kings 9:9; Jeremiah 16:11; Jeremiah 22:9), Deuteronomy 32:51^(×2) I Samuel 24:6; II Samuel 3:30; II Samuel 6:8; II Samuel 8:10; II Samuel 12:6 Psalms 119:49 +.

עַל כִּ׳ similar in meaning, but less frequent: †Deuteronomy 31:17; Judges 3:12; Jeremiah 4:28; Malachi 2:14 Psalms 139:14.

עַל alone: (a) because, †Genesis 31:20 (E) עַל בְּלִי הִגִּיד, Psalms 119:136 עַל לֹא. (b) notwithstanding that (above, 1 f f), although, †Isaiah 53:9 עַל לֹא חָמָס עָשָׂה although he did no violence, Job 16:17 עַל לֹא חָמָס בְּכַפָּ֑י.

Compounds:—

with כְּ (rare and late),

as concerning, as upon †Psalms 119:14 כְּעַל כָּל־הוֹן, II Chronicles 32:19.

(pleon. for כְּ), † Isaiah 59:18 כְּעַל גְּמֻלוֹת כְּעַל יְשַׁלֵּם the like of their deeds is the like of (that which) he will repay (כְּעַל repeated on the anal. of כְּ Numbers 15:15; Hosea 4:9: v. כְּ) = according to their deeds is (that which) he will repay, Isaiah 63:7 according to.

מֵעַל₃₀₄ from upon, from over, from by—used with much delicacy of application in many different connexions, corresponding mostly with the different senses of על. Thus

from upon idiomatically, when removal, motion, etc., from a surface is involved, as מעל האדמה, מעל פני האדמה from upon (the face of) the ground, usually with expel, destroy, perish, etc. Genesis 4:14; Genesis 6:7; Genesis 7:4; Exodus 32:12; Deuteronomy 6:15; Deuteronomy 28:21:Deuteronomy 28:63 + often especially Je and compiler of K; to be lifted up מעל הארץ Genesis 7:17 Ezekiel 1:19, Ezekiel 1:21 +, to return or be dried (of water) מעל הארץ Genesis 8:3, Genesis 8:7, Genesis 8:11, Genesis 8:13; to roll a stone מֵעַל פִּי הַבְּאֵר Genesis 29:3; of the cloud departing מעל האהל Numbers 9:17; Numbers 12:10, cf. Nehemiah 9:19; to rise up מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא Judges 3:20; I Kings 2:4, מֵעַל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ II Samuel 11:2; to alight (נָפַל) מֵעַל הַגָּמָל Genesis 24:64 (cf. Joshua 15:18 צנח, I Samuel 25:23 ירד), ירד מֵעַל הַמֶּרְכָּבָה Judges 4:15; II Kings 5:21; (נפל); to take מֵעַל רֹאשׁ Genesis 40:19 II Samuel 12:30, מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Leviticus 16:12; Numbers 17:11; Isaiah 6:6; to see מֵעַל הַגָּג II Samuel 11:2; to shoot מֵעַל הַחוֹמָה v II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:24; to speak מֵעַל הַכַּפֹּרֶת Exodus 25:22; Numbers 7:89; to cast down מֵעַל יָדַיִם Deuteronomy 9:17; Leviticus 8:28 (כַּפַּיִם); to break, remove, etc., a yoke (צוארך) מעל שׁכמך Genesis 27:40; Isaiah 10:27; Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:11; to wipe tears מֵעַל כָּל־פָּנִים Isaiah 25:8; to take a bandage מעל עיניו I Kings 20:41 (cf. על v I Kings 20:38); often of putting off a garment or ornament, as Genesis 38:14, Genesis 38:19 וַתָּסַר צְעִיפָהּ מֵעָלֶיהָ, Exodus 33:5 הוֹרֵד עֶדְיְךָ מֵעָלֶיךָ, a sandal Exodus 3:5; Joshua 5:15, a ring מֵעַל יָדוֹ Genesis 41:42; to seek (דרשׁ), or hear, words מֵעַל הַסֵּפֶר Isaiah 34:16; Jeremiah 36:11 (cf. כתב על ספר above); pregn. with בָּלָה to wear away (and fall) from off, Deuteronomy 8:4; Deuteronomy 29:4, cf. of the bones or skin in disease Job 30:17 עֲצָמַי נִקַּר מֵעָלָ֑י are pierced (and drop) from off me, v Job 30:30 עוֹרִי שָׁחַר מעלי is black (and falls) from off me; fig. I Samuel 1:11 הָסִירִי יֵינֵךְ מֵעָלַיִךְ remove thy wine from off thee; Numbers 14:9 סָר צִלָּם מֵעֲלֵיהֶם; Judges 16:19, Judges 16:20 י׳ סר מעליו (with allusion to the hair, as the seat of Samson’s strength), I Samuel 16:23 (cf. על in v I Samuel 16:16).

Of relief from a burden or trouble: as of a plague, stroke, rod, etc., removed from (resting) on one, Exodus 10:17 וְיָסֵר מֵעָלַי אֶת־הַמָּוֶת הַזֶּה, Numbers 21:7; Numbers 25:8 וַתֵּעָצַר הַמַּגֵּפָה מֵעַל ישׂר׳ (II Samuel 24:21, II Samuel 24:25), Psalms 39:11 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי נִגְעֶ֑ךָ, Job 9:34; Job 13:21 Joel 2:20; of reproach Joshua 5:9; Isaiah 25:8 Psalms 119:22, iniquity Ezekiel 18:31; Zechariah 3:4, bloodguiltiness, I Kings 2:31, wrath Judges 8:3; Numbers 25:11; Proverbs 24:18, murmurings Numbers 17:21, Numbers 17:25; הֵקֵל מֵעַל to lighten from upon one Exodus 18:22 +; Amos 5:23 הָסֵר מֵעָלַי הֲמוֹן שִׁירֶיךָ; pregn. Jonah 1:11, Jonah 1:12 that the sea יִשְׁתֹּק מֵעָלֵינוּ may be calm from off us; מֵעָלָיו שְׁעֵה look away from him Job 14:6; to remove, etc., מֵעַל פָּנַי (v. פָּנִים); I Samuel 6:20 to whom shall he go up מֵעָלֵינוּ from upon us (relieving us of his presence); so often of an army retiring from a country or raising a siege, II Samuel 10:14 ויָּשָׁב יוֹאָב מֵעַל בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, II Samuel 20:21 וְאֵלְכָה מֵעַל הָעִיר, v II Samuel 20:22 II Kings 3:27; II Kings 18:14, especially with עָלָה, נַעֲלָה, I Kings 15:19; Jeremiah 21:2; Jeremiah 37:5, Jeremiah 37:11 +; II Samuel 19:10 David fled מעל אבשׁלום from Absalom (whom his presence had encumbered), Nehemiah 13:28 וָאַבְרִיחֵהוּ מֵעָלַי, cf. Genesis 13:11; Genesis 25:6 Numbers 20:21 וַיֵּט ישׂר׳ מֵעָלָיו, II Chronicles 20:10; Exodus 10:28 לֵךְ מֵעָלַי (contemptuously; be no more obnoxious to me), similarly II Samuel 13:17 שׁלחו־נא את־זאת מעלי (Amnon of Tamar).

From beside (cf. על 6 c), in different nuances: Genesis 17:22 God went up מעל אברהם from beside A., Genesis 35:13; Genesis 18:3 אל נא תעבר מעל עבדך (cf. על v Genesis 18:5), Genesis 42:24 Numbers 16:26, Numbers 16:27; I Kings 1:53 to come down מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (cf. על I Kings 13:1; 6 c and 7 b); from attendance on Genesis 45:1 (cf. על ib.), Judges 3:19 וַיֵּצְאוּ מֵעָלָיו כָּל־הָעֹמְדִים עָלָיו I Samuel 17:15 (v. Dr), II Samuel 13:9, cf. I Samuel 13:8, I Samuel 13:11 II Kings 25:5 (Jeremiah 36:21 read עַל, מ being dittogr.), cf. II Chronicles 35:15; from attachment to, רָחַק מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 2:5; Ezekiel 11:15; Ezekiel 44:10, cf. Ezekiel 8:6, סָר מֵעַל י׳ Jeremiah 32:40; Ezekiel 6:9, תָּעָה מֵעַל י׳ Ezekiel 44:10, Ezekiel 44:15, cf. Ezekiel 14:5; Deuteronomy 13:11; also סָר מֵעַל חַטֹּאות II Kings 10:31; II Kings 15:18 (usually מֵחטאות), cf. Ezekiel 14:6; Ezekiel 23:18; from companionship with, Job 19:13 אַחַי מֵעָלַי הִרְחִיק; from accompanying protectingly I Samuel 28:15 וֵאלֹהִים סָר מֵעָלַי, v I Samuel 28:16 (cf. על Psalms 110:5; and v. Dr); from adhesion to II Kings 17:21 קָרַע ישׂראל מֵעַל בֵּית דָּוִד, Isaiah 7:17; Isaiah 56:3 יַבְדִּילַנִי י׳ מֵעַל עַמּוֹ, Hosea 9:1 זָנִיתָ מֵעַל אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

In late Heb., = עַל above: II Kings 25:28 נָתַן כִּסְאוֹ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא וגו׳ (‖ Jeremiah 52:32 more class. מִמַּעַל לְ), Esther 3:1 Psalms 108:5 גדול מעל שׁמים (‖ Psalms 57:11 עַד), Psalms 148:4 Ecclesiastes 5:7 גָּבֹהַּ מֵעַל גָּבֹהַּ שֹׁמֵר, Nehemiah 3:28; Nehemiah 8:5; II Chronicles 34:4 לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲלֵיחֶם on high above them; Ezekiel 41:17, Ezekiel 41:20; Proverbs 14:14 read w. Capp. וּמִמַּעֲלָלָיו.—v. p. 1126 on Haggai 2:15, Haggai 2:18; Zechariah 11:13.

מֵעַל לְ (chiefly late, and pleon. for עַל, or else = the more class. syn. מִמַּעַל לְ): (a) Genesis 1:7 מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ (Ezekiel 1:26 מִמַּעַל לְ׳), Ezekiel 1:25 (text dub.; v. Comm.), I Samuel 17:39; Jonah 4:6; Malachi 1:5 upon, over the border (territory) of Israel (so Köhl Ke: but Hi Ew We beyond), II Chronicles 13:4 upon mount Zemaraim, II Chronicles 24:20. (b) beside II Chronicles 26:19 מֵעַל לְמִזְבַּח הַקְּטֹרֶת; Nehemiah 12:31^(×2), Nehemiah 12:37, Nehemiah 12:38^(×2), Nehemiah 12:39 dub.: BeRy (in all) off the side of (מִן 6) = at a little distance from; Ke in v Nehemiah 12:31, Nehemiah 12:38 upon, in v Nehemiah 12:37, Nehemiah 12:38, Nehemiah 12:39 by the side of (an … vorüber).

עַלְוָה

transp. from עַוְלָה (q.v.) Hosea 10:9.

עַלְוָה²

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:40 (P) = I Chronicles 1:51 Qr (Kt עליה), 𝔊 Γωλα; 𝔊L^Chr Αλουα.

עַלְוָן

n.pr.m. in Edom Genesis 36:23 (P), 𝔊 Γωλων, Γωλαμ = I Chronicles 1:40 Qr (Kt עלין), 𝔊 Σωλαμ, A Ιωλαμ, 𝔊L Αλουαν.

עֵלִי²

עַלְיָה

v. עלוה, עלון.

עָלַל

vb. Poʿēl, act arbitrarily (toward) (NH id., deal with (rare), and deriv.; Arabic عَلَّ do a thing (drink, beat, give) a second time, ii. divert, occupy, v. divert, occupy oneself with (food, a woman, etc.); Syriac ܥܶܠܬܳܐ cause, occasion, affair);—act severely, always c. ל pers.: Pf. 2 ms. עוֹלַלְתָּ לִי Lamentations 1:22 as thou hast acted severely to me (in punishment, subj. י׳); לְמִי ע׳ Lamentations 2:20 to whom hast thou acted thus severely? 3 fs. עֵינִי עוֹלְלָה לְנַפְשִׁי Lamentations 3:51 my eye deals severely with me, i.e. gives me pain (?; text dub.; cf. Perles^{Anal. 18} Bu). Imv. ms. עוֹלֵל לָמוֹ Lamentations 1:22 deal severely with them.—Vid. also ע׳ denom. infr. Pōʿal Pf. 3 ms. מַכְאֹבִי אֲשֶׁר עוֹלַל לִי Lamentations 1:12 my pain which is severely dealt out to me.

Pf. 1. busy, divert oneself with (cf. Arabic v.), always c. ב pers.: 1 s. אֶת־אֲשֶׁר הִתְעַלַּלְתִּי בְּ׳ Exodus 10:2 (J) how I [י׳] have made a toy of Egypt; especially deal wantonly, ruthlessly with (ב pers.): 3 ms. הִתְעַלֵּל I Samuel 6:6; 2 fs. הִתְעַלַּלְתְּ Numbers 22:29 (JE; Balaam’s ass); 3 pl. וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ consec. I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4; Jeremiah 38:19; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעַלְּלוּ־בָהּ Judges 19:25 (of abusing a woman; ‖ וַיֵּדְעוּ אֹתָהּ). Hithpōʿ. Inf. cstr. לְהִתְעוֹלֵל עֲלִלוֹת Psalms 141:4 to practise practice in wickedness (perhaps denom.).

עוֹלֵלוֹת

n.f.pl. intens. gleaning (going over a second time);—gleaning (of grapes and olives; לֶקֶט of grain), always fig. of remnant: abs. ע׳ Isaiah 17:6 (‖ כְּנֹקֶף זַיִת), Isaiah 24:13 (sim.; ‖ id., + בָּצִיר), Jeremiah 49:9 (cf. בֹּצְרִים v a) = Obadiah 1:5 (id.); cstr. עֹלְלֹת בָּצִיר Micah 7:1; fig. of warlike achievement עֹלְלוֹת אֶפְרַיִם Judges 8:2 (opp. בָּצִיר).

עָלַל²

vb. denom. Pōʿ. glean (grapes or olives; לִקֵּט of grain);—Impf. 2 ms. תְּעוֹלֵל Leviticus 19:10 (obj. כֶּרֶם; ‖ תְּלַקֵּט), Deuteronomy 24:21 (abs., + אַחֲרֶיךָ); 3 mpl. fig. (+ Inf. abs.) עוֹלֵל יְעוֹלְלוּ כַגֶּפֶן שְׁאֵרִית יִשְׂרָאֵל Jeremiah 6:9; וַיְעֹלְלֻהוּ Judges 20:45 they made a gleaning of them (i.e. smote the fugitives).

עֲלִילָה

n.f. wantonness, deed;—abs. ע׳ Psalms 14:1; Psalms 66:5; elsewhere pl. עֲלִלוֹת I Samuel 2:3 Psalms 141:4; cstr. עֲלִילֹת Deuteronomy 22:14, Deuteronomy 22:17; sf. עֲלִילוֹתֶיךָ Psalms 77:13, עֲלִילוֹתָם Zephaniah 3:7 +, etc.;—

wantonness, ע׳ דְּבָרִים Deuteronomy 22:14, Deuteronomy 22:17 wantonness of words, i.e. baseless charges (cf. Di, especially Dr).

deed:

in gen., of men I Samuel 2:3.

of י׳ (only ψψ) Psalms 9:12 = Psalms 105:1 = Isaiah 12:4 = I Chronicles 16:8, Psalms 77:13 (‖ פָּעֳלֶ֑ךָ), Psalms 78:11 (‖ נִפְלְאוֹתָיו), Psalms 103:7; נוֹרָא ע׳ עַל Psalms 66:5 he is terrible in deed toward, etc.

usually practices = evil deeds (especially Ez 8 times): Ezekiel 14:22, Ezekiel 14:23; Ezekiel 20:43; Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 36:17, Ezekiel 36:19 (all ‖ דֶּרֶךְ), fully ע׳ הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת Ezekiel 20:44 (‖ ד׳ הָרָעִים); Ezekiel 21:29 Zephaniah 3:11; הִשְׁחִיתוּ כָּל־ע׳ v Zephaniah 3:7.

עוֹלֵל²

n.m. Lamentations 2:19 child;—abs. עוֹלֵל I Samuel 15:3 +, עוֹלָל Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 9:20; usually pl. עוֹלְלִים Psalms 8:3, עֹלְלִים Job 3:16, עוֹלָלִים Lamentations 4:4 Joel 2:16; cstr. עֹלְלֵי Lamentations 2:20; sf. עֹלָלַיִךְ Psalms 137:9, עֹלָלֶיהָ Micah 2:9 +, עֹלְלֵיהֶם II Kings 8:2 +, etc.;—child Micah 2:9 Lamentations 2:19, Lamentations 2:20; Lamentations 4:4; + יוֹנֵק (sometimes disting. from men and women), I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19 Psalms 8:3 Jeremiah 44:7 Lamentations 2:11 Joel 2:16, ‖ בַּחוּרִים Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 9:20; ‖ בָּנִים Psalms 17:14 (heirs of father); dashed in pieces (רטשׁ) by for II Kings 8:12; Hosea 14:1; Nahum 3:10; Isaiah 13:16, cf. Psalms 137:9 (נִפֵּץ); taken captive Lamentations 1:5; stillborn Job 3:16.

עָלַל³

vb. denom. act or play the child;—only Pōʿ. Pt. עַמִּי נֹגְשָׂיו מְעוֹלֵל Isaiah 3:12 my people—its ruler is acting the child.

עָלַל⁴

vb. insert, thrust in (Arabic غَلَّ whence غُلٌّ yoke; cf. Old Aramaic עלל, 𝔗 עֲלַל, Syriac ܥܰܠ, all enter);—only Pōʿ. Pf. 1 s. וְעֹלַלְתִּי בֶעָפָר קַרְנִי Job 16:15 fig. of humiliation.

עֹל²

n.m. I Kings 12:4 yoke;—ע׳ abs. Hosea 11:4 +; cstr. Isaiah 9:3 +; sf. עֻלֵּךְ Jeremiah 2:20 Isaiah 47:6, עֻלּוֹ Genesis 27:40 +, עֻלְּכֶם I Kings 12:11, etc.;—yoke, for cattle, עָלָה עֲלֵיהֶם ע׳ I Samuel 6:7, cf. Numbers 19:2 (P), מָֽשְׁכָה בְּע׳ Deuteronomy 21:3; usually fig. of servitude I Kings 12:4, I Kings 12:10, I Kings 12:11^(×2), I Kings 12:14^(×2) = II Chronicles 10:4, II Chronicles 10:10, II Chronicles 10:11^(×2), II Chronicles 10:14; נָתַן ע׳ עַל I Kings 12:4, I Kings 12:9 = II Chronicles 10:4, II Chronicles 10:9; וְנָתַן ע׳ בַּרְזֶל עַל־צַוָּארֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 28:48, so Jeremiah 28:14; עַל־זָקֵן הִכְבַּדְתְּ ע׳ Isaiah 47:6; also אֶת־צַוָּארוֹ בְּעֹל (הֵבִיא) נָתַן Jeremiah 27:8, Jeremiah 27:11, Jeremiah 27:12; שָׁבַר ע׳ break the yoke Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 28:2, Jeremiah 28:4, Jeremiah 28:11; Jeremiah 30:8 (+ מֵעַל צ׳), so מֹטֹת ע׳ Leviticus 26:13 (H), Ezekiel 34:27 (v. מוֹטָה); פָּרַק ע׳ Genesis 27:40 (J; + מֵעַל צ׳); הֵחֵת ע׳ Isaiah 9:3; cf. הֵרִים ע׳ Hosea 11:4; also יָסוּר ע׳ מֵעַל צ׳ Isaiah 10:27, and Isaiah 14:25; fig. of transgressions Lamentations 1:14, del. ע׳ 𝔊 𝔙 Löhr Bu, but read עֹל v b (v. id.); of hardship, נָשָׂא ע׳ Lamentations 3:27.

עָלַם

vb. conceal (NH id., der. spec.);—

Pt. pass. עֲלֻמֵנוּ Psalms 90:8 as subst. our secret, i.e. hidden sin (‖ עֲוֹנֹת).

Pf. be concealed, of wisdom, 3 fs. נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵי Job 28:21; of a fact or condition, נֶעְלַם II Chronicles 9:2, וְנ׳ consec. Leviticus 5:2, Leviticus 5:3, Leviticus 5:4 (all c. מִן pers.), וְנ׳ מֵעֵינֵי Leviticus 4:13; Numbers 5:13 (all P); Pt.

נֶעְלָם concealed, c. הָיָה in periphrastic conjug. I Kings 10:3 (מִן pers.); abs. כָּל־נֶעְלָם Ecclesiastes 12:14.

fs. תְּהִי נַעֲלָמָה Nahum 3:11 mayest thou become obscured (as to the senses; fig. for swoon), but very doubtful, read perhaps נעלפה? [Dr].

pl. נַעֲלָמִים Psalms 26:4 those who conceal themselves, i.e. their thoughts, dissemblers (‖ מְתֵי שָׁוְא).

Pf. 3 ms. הֶעְלִים II Kings 4:27; 3 pl. הֶעְלִימוּ Ezekiel 22:26; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְלִים Psalms 10:1, תַּעְלֵם Lamentations 3:56; 3 mpl. יַעְלִימוּ Leviticus 20:4, etc.; Inf. abs. הַעְלֵם v Leviticus 20:4; Pt. מַעְלִים Job 42:3; Proverbs 28:27;—conceal, hide, c. מִן pers. II Kings 4:27 (‖ לֹא הִגִּיד לִי); usually hide the eyes from (מִן), i.e. disregard Isaiah 1:15; Ezekiel 22:26, הַעְלֵם יַע׳ וגו׳ Leviticus 20:4, מִן om. Proverbs 28:27; hide the eyes by (ב) a bride I Samuel 12:3 (i.e. pervert justice, but v. i. עַיִן 3 d); hide (cover) the ear Lamentations 3:56 (turn a deaf ear); hide (obscure) counsel (עֵצָה) Job 42:3; לָמָה תַּע׳ Psalms 10:1 why dost thou [י׳] hide, sc. thine eyes (so most), or practise concealment (= hide thyself)?

Pf. 2 ms. consec. וְהִתְעַלַּמְתָּ מֵהֶם Deuteronomy 22:1, Deuteronomy 22:4 and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid), so Inf. cstr. (מֵהֶם om.) לְהִתְעַלֵּם v Deuteronomy 22:3; so also Impf. c. מִן, תִּתְעַלַּם Psalms 55:2, תִּתְעַלָּ֑ם Isaiah 58:7; once lit. יִתְעַלֶּם־שָׁ֑לֶג Job 6:16 wherein snow hides itself.

עַלְמוֹן

n.pr.loc. (cf. Sab. n.pr. עלמן Hal¹⁹²);—priestly city in Benj. Joshua 21:18 (P), 𝔊 Γαμαλα, A Αλμων, 𝔊L Ελμων; = עָלֶמֶת in ‖ I Chronicles 6:45 (𝔊 Γαλεμεθ, 𝔊L Αλαμωθ); mod. ʿAlmît, c. 1 hour NE. of Jerusalem, v. Buhl^{Geogr. 175}.

עֲלָמוֹת

etc., v. עַלְמָה sub II. עלם.

עָלֶ֫מֶת

n.pr.m. a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:36; I Chronicles 9:42, עָלָ֑מֶת I Chronicles 7:8; 𝔊 Σαλαμαιθ, Γαλεμαθ, Αλαμωθ, etc.

n.pr.loc. (= עַלְמוֹן q.v.) I Chronicles 6:45 Baer Ginsb (van d. H. עַלֶּמֶת).

עַלְמָה

n.f. young woman (ripe sexually; maid or newly married);—ע׳ Genesis 24:43 (J), Exodus 2:8 (E), Proverbs 30:19 Isaiah 7:14; pl. עֲלָמוֹת Psalms 68:26 Song of Songs 1:3; Song of Songs 6:8; עַל־עֲלָמוֹת to (the voice of) young women, either lit., or of soprano or falsetto of boys: I Chronicles 15:20 Psalms 9:1 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת לַבֵּן [for עַל־מוּת לַבֵּן, ‘voce virginea a pueris decantandum,’ Thes), Psalms 46:1; Psalms 48:15 (read עַל־עֲלָמוֹת [for עַל־מוּת]; tr. prob. to Psalms 49:1).

עוֹלָם²

n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity;—ע׳ Genesis 9:12 + 405 times; עֹלָם Genesis 3:22 + 19 times; עֵילוֹם II Chronicles 33:7, read prob. עוֹלָם (for other explan. v. note in Kit^Hpt); sf. עֹלָמוֹ Ecclesiastes 12:5; pl. עוֹלָמִים Isaiah 26:4 + 7 times, עֹלָמִים Psalms 145:13 + 2 times; cstr. עוֹלְמֵי Isaiah 45:17;—

of past time:

ancient time: יְמֵי ע׳ days of old Isaiah 63:9, Isaiah 63:11 Amos 9:11 Micah 5:1; Micah 7:14 Malachi 3:4; יְמוֹת ע׳ Deuteronomy 32:7; עַם ע׳ Isaiah 44:7 ancient people; גּוֹי מֵע׳ Jeremiah 5:15; חָרְבוֹת ע׳ old waste places Isaiah 58:12 Isaiah 61:4, cf. Ezekiel 26:20 b; פִּתְחֵי ע׳ ancient gates Psalms 24:7, Psalms 24:9; ארח ע׳ Job 22:15; נתבות ע׳ Jeremiah 6:16; שְׁבִילֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 18:15; גבול ע׳ Proverbs 22:28; Proverbs 23:10; במות ע׳ Ezekiel 36:2; מִן (םֵ)ע׳ from of old Isaiah 64:3 Jeremiah 2:20 Joel 2:2, of the fathers Joshua 24:2, the prophets Jeremiah 28:8, the ancient נפלים Genesis 6:4; (Ezekiel 32:27 𝔊 Co for מערלים; but I Samuel 27:8 read מִטֵּלָם for מעולם We Dr HPS); בהם ע׳ long in them Isaiah 64:4 (text dub.).

מֵתֵי ע׳ the long dead Psalms 143:3 Lamentations 3:6; so עַם ע׳ Ezekiel 26:20.

of God, מֵע׳: former acts Isaiah 46:9; as redeemer Isaiah 63:16; of love Psalms 25:6, judgment Psalms 119:52, dominion Isaiah 63:19; long silence Isaiah 42:14; Isaiah 57:11*; his wisdom personif. Proverbs 8:23; his existence Psalms 93:2.

of things: גבעות ע׳ ancient hills Genesis 49:26 (J), Habakkuk 3:6 (‖ הררי־עד), Deuteronomy 33:15 (‖ הררי קדם).

pl. שְׁנוֹת עולמים Psalms 77:6 years of ancient times; דורות עולמים Isaiah 51:9; לעלמים Ecclesiastes 1:10 in olden times.

indef. futurity, c. prep. for ever, always (sometimes = during the lifetime); עֶבֶד עולם slave for ever Deuteronomy 15:17; I Samuel 27:12; Job 40:28; עָבַד לע׳ serve for ever Exodus 21:6 (E), Leviticus 25:46; עד ע׳ I Samuel 1:22; גְּאֻלַּת ע׳ Leviticus 25:32 redemption at any time; הֲרַת ע׳ Jeremiah 20:17 ever pregnant (womb); כְּלִמַּת ע׳ v Jeremiah 20:11 of persecutors of Jeremiah; חרפת ע׳ Jeremiah 23:40; שַׁלְוֵי ע׳ Psalms 73:12 alway at ease; יְחִי לע׳ (יחיה) may the king live always I Kings 1:31; Nehemiah 2:3; cf. אֹרֶךְ יָמִים עולם ועד Psalms 21:5; ישׁב עולם לפני אלהים Psalms 61:8; so of the pious, לע׳ לא ימוט Psalms 15:5; בל ימוט Proverbs 10:30, cf. Psalms 30:7; other phr.: Psalms 37:27, Psalms 37:28 Psalms 41:13; Psalms 55:23; Psalms 61:8; Psalms 73:26; Psalms 121:8 Proverbs 10:25; ע׳ אשׁירה Psalms 89:2 I will sing for ever (as long as I live), cf. Psalms 52:10; Psalms 115:18; Psalms 145:1, Psalms 145:2; הוֹדה לע׳ Psalms 30:13; Psalms 44:9; Psalms 52:11; Psalms 79:13; other emotions and activities continuous through life Psalms 5:12; Psalms 31:2 = Psalms 71:1, Psalms 75:10; Psalms 86:12; Psalms 119:44, Psalms 119:93, Psalms 119:98, Psalms 119:111, Psalms 119:112 Micah 4:5, cf. לע׳ Micah 2:9.

= continuous existence, (1) of things: the earth, הָאָרֶץ לְעוֹלָם עֹמֶדֶת Ecclesiastes 1:4; other phr.: Psalms 78:69; Psalms 104:5, heavens and contents Psalms 148:6, ruined cities Isaiah 25:2; Isaiah 32:14 Ezekiel 26:21; Ezekiel 27:36; Ezekiel 28:19, ruined lands Jeremiah 18:16; Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:12; Jeremiah 49:13, Jeremiah 49:33; Jeremiah 51:26, Jeremiah 51:62 Ezekiel 35:9 Zephaniah 2:9; לעד עד ע׳ Isaiah 30:8 for a witness for ever, in a book; (2) of nations: לעולם אהיה Isaiah 47:7 (Babylon loqu.), cf. Psalms 81:16 Obadiah 1:10; ישׁב לע׳ of Judah Joel 4:20; (3) families Psalms 49:12 Isaiah 14:20; the dynasty of Saul I Samuel 13:13; house of Eli I Samuel 2:30; (4) national relations: איבת ע׳ continual enmity Ezekiel 25:15; Ezekiel 35:5; of exclusion from קהל י׳, עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 23:4 = Nehemiah 13:1; various relations Isaiah 32:17; Isaiah 34:10; חרפת ע׳ perpetual reproach Psalms 78:66, of dynasty of David II Samuel 3:28; II Samuel 12:10 I Kings 2:33, families v I Kings 2:33 II Kings 5:27 Psalms 106:31 Jeremiah 35:6.

of divine existence: אל עולם Genesis 21:33 (J); אלהי ע׳ Isaiah 40:28; חי אנכי לע׳ Deuteronomy 32:40; חֵי הע׳ Daniel 12:7; of divine name, זה שׁמי לְע׳ Exodus 3:15 (E), cf. II Chronicles 33:7 (v. supr.); blessing and praise of it II Samuel 7:26 = I Chronicles 17:24, Psalms 72:19; Psalms 135:13; of י׳ himself Psalms 89:53; attributes, אהבה Jeremiah 31:3 I Kings 10:9; חסד Isaiah 54:8 Psalms 89:2; Psalms 138:8; לע׳ חַסְדּוֹ I Chronicles 16:34, I Chronicles 16:41 II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 7:3, II Chronicles 7:6; II Chronicles 20:21 Ezra 3:11 Psalms 100:5; Psalms 106:1; Psalms 107:1; Psalms 118:1, Psalms 118:2, Psalms 118:3, Psalms 118:4, Psalms 118:29; Psalms 136:1 + 25 times, Jeremiah 33:11; כבוד Psalms 104:31; אמת Psalms 117:2; Psalms 146:6; צדק Psalms 119:142; עצה Psalms 33:11; reign Exodus 15:18 (E), Psalms 10:16; Psalms 66:7; Psalms 92:9; Psalms 146:10 Jeremiah 10:10 Micah 4:7; יהוה לע׳ ישׁב Psalms 9:8; Psalms 29:10; Psalms 102:13 Lamentations 5:19; presence in Zion I Chronicles 23:25; Isaiah 33:14; Isaiah 60:19, Isaiah 60:20 Ezekiel 37:28; Ezekiel 43:7, Ezekiel 43:9; his salvation Isaiah 51:6, Isaiah 51:8; זרעת ע׳ Deuteronomy 33:27 everlasting arms; כל אשׁר יעשׂה האלהים יהיה לע׳ Ecclesiastes 3:14.

of God’s covenant: בְּרִית ע׳ everlasting covenant Genesis 9:16; Genesis 17:7, Genesis 17:13, Genesis 17:19 Exodus 31:16 Leviticus 24:8 Numbers 18:19 (all P), II Samuel 23:5; I Chronicles 16:17 = Psalms 105:10, Isaiah 24:5; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8 Jeremiah 32:40; Jeremiah 50:5; Ezekiel 16:60; Ezekiel 37:26; covenant with Noah, לְדֹרֹת ע׳ Genesis 9:12 (P); God remembers it I Chronicles 16:15 = Psalms 105:8, Psalms 111:5; will not break it, לע׳ Judges 2:1; אוֹת ע׳ Exodus 31:17 (P); אוֹת עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 28:46.

of God’s laws: דבר(ים) Isaiah 59:21 Psalms 119:89; משׁפט Psalms 119:160; עדות v Psalms 119:144, Psalms 119:152; חק ע׳ Exodus 29:28; Exodus 30:21 (E), Leviticus 6:11, Leviticus 6:15; Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:15; Leviticus 24:9 Numbers 18:8, Numbers 18:11, Numbers 18:19 (P), also Jeremiah 5:22 (of bounds of sea); חק עד ע׳ Exodus 12:24 (J), חֻקַּת ע׳ v Exodus 12:14, Exodus 12:17; Exodus 27:21; Exodus 28:43; Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:36; Leviticus 10:9; Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31, Leviticus 16:34; Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 23:14, Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:31, Leviticus 23:41; Leviticus 24:3, Leviticus 24:8; Numbers 10:8; Numbers 15:15; Numbers 18:23; Numbers 19:10, Numbers 19:21 (P) (most of these in fact specif. Jewish and temporary); temple to bear God’s name, עד ע׳ I Kings 9:3 = II Chronicles 7:16; לע׳ II Kings 21:7 II Chronicles 33:4; consecrated לע׳ II Chronicles 30:8; its ceremonies לע׳ II Chronicles 2:3; Levit. priesthood, לשׁרתו עד ע׳ I Chronicles 15:2; Aaronic priesthood, לברך בשׁמי עד ע׳ I Chronicles 23:13^(×2).

of God’s promises: his word, יקום לע׳ Isaiah 40:8; promised dynasty of David, עד (ה)ע׳ II Samuel 7:13, II Samuel 7:16^(×2), II Samuel 7:25 = I Chronicles 17:12, I Chronicles 17:14^(×2), I Chronicles 17:23 Psalms 18:51 = II Samuel 22:51; I Kings 2:33, I Kings 2:45 I Chronicles 22:10 Psalms 89:5; לע׳ I Kings 9:5; I Chronicles 28:4, I Chronicles 28:7; II Chronicles 13:5 Psalms 89:29, Psalms 89:37 II Samuel 7:29^(×2) = I Chronicles 17:27^(×2); of holy land I Chronicles 28:8, אֲחֻזַּת ע׳ Genesis 17:8; Genesis 48:4 Leviticus 25:34 (P); given לע׳ Exodus 32:13 (J) II Chronicles 20:7; עד ע׳ Genesis 13:15, inherited לע׳ Isaiah 60:21 Psalms 37:18; עד ע׳ Isaiah 34:17; dwelt in עד ע׳ Ezekiel 37:25; other blessings, לע׳ Deuteronomy 5:26 Hosea 2:21; עד ע׳ Deuteronomy 12:28; II Samuel 7:24 = I Chronicles 17:22, Psalms 133:3; שִׂמְחַת ע׳ Isaiah 35:10; Isaiah 51:11; Isaiah 61:7; דֶּרֶךְ ע׳ Psalms 139:24; שׁם ע׳ Isaiah 56:5; Isaiah 63:12; אות ע׳ Isaiah 55:13; גאון ע׳ Isaiah 60:15; Jerus. to abide לע׳ Jeremiah 17:25 Psalms 125:1, cf. Jeremiah 31:40; עד ע׳ Psalms 48:9.

of relations between God and his people, לע׳ I Chronicles 29:18 Psalms 45:18; Psalms 85:6; Psalms 103:9; Psalms 145:21; Isaiah 57:16; Jeremiah 3:5, Jeremiah 3:12; Lamentations 3:31; Joel 2:26, Joel 2:27; עד (ה)ע׳ Psalms 28:9 Malachi 1:4.

of Messianic dynasty and king: (ל)ע׳ Psalms 110:4; having divine throne Psalms 45:7; name endures Psalms 72:17; established Psalms 89:38; God blesses him Psalms 45:3; of his reign, מעתה ועד ע׳ Isaiah 9:6.

= indefinite, unending future: live לע׳ Genesis 3:22; Job 7:16; הנביאים הלע׳ יִחְיוּ Zechariah 1:5 the prophets, can they live for ever? cf. חדל לע׳ Psalms 49:9; c. neg. never Ezra 9:12; Proverbs 27:24.

after death: שׁנת ע׳ Jeremiah 51:39, Jeremiah 51:57; בית ע׳ Ecclesiastes 12:5; חַיֵּי ע׳ Daniel 12:2; דראון ע׳ v Daniel 12:2; also v Daniel 12:3 Jonah 2:7; Ecclesiastes 2:16; Ecclesiastes 9:6.

= age (duration) of the world: את העלם נתן בְּלִבָּם Ecclesiastes 3:11 the age of the world he hath set, etc. (cf. especially NH; others i).

pl. intens. everlastingness, eternity: תשׁועת עולמים Isaiah 45:17; צדק עלמים Daniel 9:24; צור עולמים Isaiah 26:4 (RVm rock of ages); מלכוּת כל עלמים Psalms 145:13; also Psalms 61:5; Psalms 77:8; I Kings 8:13 = II Chronicles 6:2.

special phr.: מ(ה)עולם (ו)עד (ה)עולם (מן) from everlasting to everlasting, of י׳ Psalms 90:2, חסד י׳ Psalms 103:17; benedictions I Chronicles 16:36 = Psalms 106:48, Nehemiah 9:5; I Chronicles 29:10 Psalms 41:14; the land given למן עולם ועד עולם Jeremiah 7:7; Jeremiah 25:5; מעתה ועד עולם from now and for ever Psalms 115:18; Psalms 121:8 (i.e. as long as one lives); of people’s hope in God Psalms 131:3; dynasty of David Isaiah 9:6; of God’s acts, words, etc. Micah 4:7; Isaiah 59:21 Psalms 125:2, cf. Psalms 113:2;—v. further i. עַד p. 723.

עֲלָמוֹת²

v. עַלְמָה, II. עלם.

עָלַף

vb. cover (NH id., cover, faint; Arabic غَلَفَ smear, ii. cover, غِلَافٌ sheath; Assyrian elpitu, pining, exhaustion);—

Pt. f. covered, encrusted, cstr. מְעֻלֶּפֶת Song of Songs 5:14 his belly of ivory encrusted with sapphires. Pf. 3 pl. בָּנַיִךְ עֻלְּפוּ Isaiah 51:20 thy sons are enshrouded, enwrapped, i.e. their senses obscured = have swooned away; so also Ezekiel 31:15, reading 3 fs. עֻלָּ֑פָה for subst. עֻלְפֶּה (Kö^{ii. 1, 113}), all the trees have fainted for (עַל) him (so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Hi Co al.).

enwrap oneself, Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Genesis 38:14 (J); = swoon away, 3 ms. וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף Jonah 4:8; Jonah 4:3 fpl. תִּתְעַלַּפְנָה Amos 8:13.

עֻלְפֶּה

Ezekiel 31:15 v. foregoing.

עָלַץ

vb. rejoice, exult (NH id. (rare); Hiph. Impf. יעליצו Ecclus 4:20; Assyrian elêṣu, exult; Sab. מעלץ joys CIS ^{iv, No. 197, 1. 5. 7}; v. also עלז, עלס);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ לִבִּ׳ בְּי׳ I Samuel 2:1 my heart exulteth in י׳; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲלֹץ הַשָּׂדֶה I Chronicles 16:32 the field exulteth; cf. 3 fs. תַּעֲלֹץ קִרְיָה Proverbs 11:10 (‖ רנן); 1 s. אֶעֶלְצָה בָּ֑ךְ Psalms 9:3 (i.e. in י׳; + שׂמה, ‖ זמּר); 3 mpl. יַעְלְצוּ בְךָ Psalms 5:12 (in י׳; ‖ שׂמח, רנן); יַעַלְצוּ לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהִים Psalms 68:4 (+ שׂמח, ‖ שׂישׂ); + לִי Psalms 25:2 exult at me; Inf. cstr. בַּעֲלֹץ Proverbs 28:12 when the righteous exult.

עֹלָ֫תָה

Job 5:16 etc., v. עַוְלָה sub עָוַל.

עַם

v. sub I. עמם.

עָמַד

take one’s stand, stand (NH id.; Ph. עמד; Assyrian emêdu, stand, set up; Arabic عَمَدَ prop up, support, and deriv.; Ethiopic ዐምድ: pillar; 𝔗 עַמּוּדָא pillar, Syriac ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ, Palm. עמודא, cf. also n.pr. תימעמד; Sab. עמד pillar, according to CIS^{iv. 91} (or other deriv. from √ עמד DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 5}), pl. אעמדן pillars DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. aus Abess. 80});—

Pf. ע׳ Genesis 19:27 +, 3 fs. עָֽמְדָה II Kings 13:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמֹד Exodus 21:21, יַעֲמוֹד Nahum 1:6 +, יַעֲמָד־ I Samuel 16:22 +; 1 s. אֶעֱמֹ֑דָה Habakkuk 2:1, וָאֶעֱמֹד II Samuel 1:10; 3 mpl. יַעַמְדוּ Jeremiah 32:14 +, יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 1:21 +; f. יַעֲמֹדְנָה Daniel 8:22; 2 mpl. וַתַּעַמְדוּן Deuteronomy 4:11, etc.; Imv. עֲמֹד I Samuel 9:27 +, עֲמָד־ II Samuel 1:9; fs. עִמְדִי Isaiah 47:12; Jeremiah 48:19, etc.; Inf. abs. עָמֹד Esther 9:16; cstr. עֲמֹד Exodus 18:23 +, sf. עָמְדִי Jeremiah 18:20, עֲמָדְךָ Obadiah 1:11, etc.; Pt. עֹמֵד Isaiah 3:13 +, f. עֹמֶ֫דֶת Haggai 2:5 +, etc.;—

stand, be in a standing attitude: c. עַל by, I Samuel 26:13; II Samuel 2:25; II Kings 2:7 +, so pt. Genesis 18:8 (J), Genesis 41:1, Genesis 41:17 (E) +, עַל on, Exodus 3:5 (E), Deuteronomy 27:12 +; c. ב loc. Exodus 32:26; Numbers 22:24, Numbers 22:26 (all JE), +; c. אֶל loc. I Kings 20:38 (+ לְ pers.), Jeremiah 48:19; Ezekiel 21:26; Ezekiel 27:29; c. אֶל pers. I Samuel 17:51; II Kings 5:25; c. אֵצֶל Genesis 41:3 (E), Ezekiel 9:2; Ezekiel 10:6; Nehemiah 8:4; c. לִפְנֵי Genesis 18:22; I Kings 3:16; I Kings 8:22 +; before י׳, for intercession Genesis 19:27 (J), Deuteronomy 4:10; Jeremiah 15:1; Jeremiah 18:20, etc.; take one’s stand and do a thing I Samuel 17:8; I Kings 8:55; II Kings 18:28 = Isaiah 36:13 +; sq. inf. I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:14 +.

stand forth (to speak, etc.) II Kings 10:9 +.

take a stand against (עַל), in opposition to, Judges 6:31; Ezra 10:15 (but stand over, = have charge of, according to Kue^{Ges. Abh. 247 f.}) II Chronicles 26:18; cf. עַל־דַּם Leviticus 19:16 (H) against the blood of, i.e. seek one’s blood, life; c. יָ֑חַד Isaiah 50:8 together, i.e. against each other.

present oneself before (לִפְנֵי) Genesis 43:15 (J), Exodus 9:10 (E), Numbers 27:2, Numbers 27:21 (P), I Samuel 16:21 +; before י׳ (in sanctuary) Deuteronomy 19:17; Jeremiah 7:10 cf. Jeremiah 18:20 Leviticus 9:5 (P); so in heaven I Kings 22:21 = II Chronicles 18:20; c. ב loc. of child at birth Hosea 13:13, in palace (as retainer, courtier) Daniel 1:4.

c. לִפְנֵי attend upon, be (come) servant of I Samuel 16:22 (v. Dr), I Kings 1:2 +; servant of י׳ I Kings 17:1; I Kings 18:15 II Kings 3:14; II Kings 5:16 Jeremiah 15:19; priests (לְשָֽׁרְתוֹ) לִפְנֵי י׳ Deuteronomy 10:8; Judges 20:28; Ezekiel 44:15; II Chronicles 29:11; of Levites, stand before congreg. for menial duties Ezekiel 44:11; Numbers 16:9 (P).

stand afar מֵרָחוֹק Exodus 20:15, Exodus 20:18 (E), Isaiah 59:14 Psalms 38:12, בְּר׳ Psalms 10:1; מִנֶּגֶד מֵר׳ II Kings 2:7; stand aloof, מִנֶּגֶד Obadiah 1:11 Psalms 38:12.

stand (silent) Job 32:16.

stand (appealingly) Job 30:20 (but read עָמַדְתָּ, of God, Me Hi Du).

stand, subj. רֶגֶל Zechariah 14:4 (עַל loc.), Psalms 122:2 (ב loc.) so Psalms 26:12 (fig.).

stand, of water, עַל־הָרִים Psalms 104:6. Vid. also preps. אֶל, אֵצֶל, עַל, מִמַּעַל, עִם, etc.

stand still, stop, cease moving, of moon Joshua 10:13 (JE; ‖ וַיִּדֹּם), sun v Joshua 10:13, both, Habakkuk 3:11; of pers. I Samuel 9:27 (opp. עָבַר), II Samuel 2:28 (opp. רָדַף), עִמְדוּ עֲמֹ֫דוּ Nahum 2:9 +; stop flowing (of oil) II Kings 4:6; remain standing, c. תַּחְתֵּינוּ Judges 7:21; I Samuel 14:9 etc.; of eruption in skin = remain unchanged Leviticus 13:23, Leviticus 13:28; so (without ת׳) Leviticus 13:5, Leviticus 13:37 (all P).

= be inactive II Chronicles 20:17 (opp. לְהִלָּחֵם, + הִתְיַצְּבוּ).

= be attentive Job 37:14.

stop, cease doing a thing II Kings 13:18; c. מִן Genesis 29:35; Genesis 30:9 (both J), Jonah 1:15.

tarry, delay Genesis 45:9 (E), Joshua 10:19 (JE; opp. רָדַף), I Samuel 20:38 (opp. מְהֵרָה, חוּשָׁה), +.

remain, c. ב loc. II Kings 15:20; Deuteronomy 10:10; c. עִמָּדִי Deuteronomy 5:25 (opp. שׁוּב); + inf. purpose Esther 7:7.

continue, abide Leviticus 13:5; Jeremiah 32:14; Isaiah 66:22 Psalms 102:27 Ecclesiastes 2:9; = dwell Exodus 8:18 (J; עַל loc.); לָעַד Psalms 19:10; Psalms 111:3, Psalms 111:10; Psalms 112:3, Psalms 112:9; לְעוֹלָם Psalms 33:11 Ecclesiastes 1:4; בְּתוֹךְ Haggai 2:5; of plan = be established Psalms 33:11 (earlier קוּם, as Isaiah 14:24), so Esther 3:4; Daniel 11:17 b; = maintain itself (earlier קוּם Joshua 2:11) Ecclesiastes 2:9; לֹא יַעֲמָד־בִּי כֹחַ Daniel 10:17.

endure Exodus 18:23 (E), Ezekiel 22:14 (‖ חָזַק).

be steadfast Deuteronomy 25:8; Ruth 2:7.

persist Ecclesiastes 8:3.

make a stand, hold one’s ground, Amos 2:15; II Kings 10:4; Malachi 3:2 +; c. לִפְנֵי Judges 2:14; II Kings 10:4; Esther 9:2 +, בִּפְנֵי Joshua 10:8; Joshua 21:44 (Ginsb; van d. H. Baer v Joshua 21:42), Joshua 23:9 (all D); c. עַל, for one’s life Esther 8:11; Esther 9:16.

stand upright:

remain standing II Kings 13:6; of head II Kings 6:31 remain upright upon him (עָלָיו); of house (fig. of endurance) Job 8:15, Proverbs 12:7.

stand up, opp. sit, Nehemiah 8:5; Job 29:8 (+ קוּם); opp. lie prostrate Ezekiel 2:1 (עַל־רַגְלֶיךָ), so Ezekiel 37:10 (id.), Daniel 10:11, v Daniel 10:11 (עַל־עָמְדֶ֑ךָ), Esther 8:4; of revival after death Daniel 12:13 (late for קוּם).

stand up, rise, of water Joshua 3:13 (+ apposs. נֵד אֶחָד), v Joshua 3:16 (+ קָמוּ + id.; both JE).

be erect, upright, of boards Exodus 26:15; Exodus 36:20 (P).

arise, appear, come on the scene (= קוּם; late) Ezra 2:63 = Nehemiah 7:64, Psalms 106:30 (cf. Ecclus 47:1, 12), especially Daniel 8:22^(×2), Daniel 8:23; Daniel 11:2, Daniel 11:3, Daniel 11:4; Daniel 12:1, cf. Daniel 11:7 (כַּנּוֹ), v Daniel 11:20, Daniel 11:21 (עַל־כַּנּוֹ); c. תַּחַת instead of Ecclesiastes 4:15; of war I Chronicles 20:4, deliverance Esther 4:14.

stand forth, appear = come into being Isaiah 48:13 Psalms 33:9; Psalms 119:90.

rise up as foe (earlier קום Amos 7:9; Genesis 4:8), c. עַל against I Chronicles 21:1; II Chronicles 20:23; Daniel 8:25; Daniel 11:14, c. לְנֶגְדִּי against Daniel 10:13.

rare usages are:

ע׳ אֶת־ stand with, as attendant, servitor Genesis 45:1 (E), Numbers 1:5 (P).

take one’s stand in covenant, בַּבְּרִית II Kings 23:3.

stand עַל־חֶרֶב Ezekiel 33:26 (resort to the sword).

stand בְּסוֹד י׳ Jeremiah 23:18, Jeremiah 23:22 (v. סוֹד).

be appointed Ezra 10:14.

stand before (לִפְנֵי) beast Leviticus 18:23 (carnal intercourse)

grow flat, insipid (Gie), taste of wine Jeremiah 48:11 (fig. of Moab), or remain unchanged (so most, in that case cf. 3 b).—עָמְדִי Daniel 11:1 is crpt., read prob. עָמַדְתִּי, or עָמַד (מִיכָאֵל subj.), join then to Daniel 10:21 and del. Daniel 11:1; so Bev Behrm Marti^Kau.

(cf. Dr^{Intr. (6) 535}) Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱמִיד I Kings 12:32 +, 2 ms. הֶעֱמַדְתָּה Psalms 30:8, וְהַעֲמַדְתָּ֫ Numbers 3:6 +, etc.; Impf. יַעֲמִיד Proverbs 29:4 +, וַיַּעֲמֵד II Kings 8:1 +; 3 fs. sf. וַתַּעֲמִדֵנִי Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:24, 1 pl. וַנַּעֲמִיד Nehemiah 4:3, etc.; Imv. הַעֲמֵד Isaiah 21:6; sf. הַעֲמִידֶהָ Ezekiel 24:11; Inf. abs. הַעֲמֵיד Nehemiah 7:3; cstr. הַעֲמִיד I Kings 15:4 +; Pt. מַעֲמִיד II Chronicles 18:34 (but v.Hoph.);—

station, set, c. acc. Judges 16:25 (בֵּין); for duty Numbers 11:24 (E; סְבִיבֹת), I Kings 12:32 (ב loc.), II Chronicles 19:5 (id.), Nehemiah 13:11 (עַל־עָמְדָם), Isaiah 21:6 + (Nehemiah 4:7 read perhaps Qal, so Perles^{Anal. 65}), c. עַל against Nehemiah 4:3.

cause to stand firm Psalms 18:34 = II Samuel 22:34 (c. עַל loc.); maintain (opp. overthrow) Exodus 9:16 (J), I Kings 15:4, cf. Proverbs 29:4.

cause to stand up, set up, erect, c. acc. + עַל־רַגְלַי Ezekiel 2:2; Ezekiel 3:24, so עַל־עָמְדִי Daniel 8:18; temple Ezra 2:68 (על loc.), cf. II Chronicles 24:13 (על loc., of repairs); especially doors Nehemiah 3:1 + 7 times Ne; Asherim II Chronicles 33:19, cf. II Chronicles 25:14.

+ לִפְנֵי present one before king Genesis 47:7 (P), י׳ (in sanctuary) Leviticus 14:11 + 3 times P, + (of goat) Leviticus 16:7, priest Leviticus 27:8 + 4 times P, + (of beast) Leviticus 27:11.

appoint Nehemiah 7:3; I Chronicles 15:17 + (late); c. עַל over Nehemiah 13:9 +, c. inf. purpose Nehemiah 6:7 +, c. 2 acc. I Chronicles 15:16; = assign (land) to (ל) II Chronicles 33:8 (‖ II Kings 21:8 נָתַן); appoint courses of priests II Chronicles 8:14; II Chronicles 31:2, cf. Nehemiah 13:30; ordain commandments, עַל pers. Nehemiah 10:33, cf. II Chronicles 30:5; establish עַד־הָעוֹלָם I Chronicles 17:14 (ב loc.), cf. II Chronicles 9:8 Psalms 148:6; c. acc. of covenant Psalms 105:10 = I Chronicles 16:17 (ל pers. + ל rei); c. חָזוֹן vision Daniel 11:14 (= fulfil, earlier הֵקִים).

other meanings:

ע׳ אֶת־פָּנָיו II Kings 8:11 have a fixed look.

c. acc. רַגְלַי + ב loc. Psalms 31:9 (fig.).

make to stand (in a covt.; v. ‖ II Kings 23:3) II Chronicles 34:32.

restore waste places Ezra 9:9.

+ לְפָנֶיהָ Esther 4:5, i.e. make servant to.

cause wind to arise Psalms 107:25.

= raise an army Daniel 11:11, Daniel 11:13.—II Chronicles 18:34 v. Hoph.; Psalms 30:8 v. עֹז; Ezekiel 29:7 v. מָעַד.

Impf. 3 ms. יָעֳמַד־ Leviticus 16:10 be presented (of goat), + לִפְנֵי י׳; Pt. הָיָה מָעֳמָד I Kings 22:35 he was caused to stand, i.e. propped up, in (ב) his chariot, so read also ‖ II Chronicles 18:34 (as 𝔊), for MT מַעֲמִיד.—On Pf. הָעֳמַדְתִּי v. עֹז Psalms 30:8.

עַמּוּד

n.m. I Kings 7:15 pillar, column;—עַמּוּד abs. I Kings 7:15 +, cstr. Exodus 13:21 +; עַמֻּד abs. Jeremiah 52:21, cstr. Numbers 14:14; sf. עַמּוּדוֹ II Chronicles 23:13; pl. עַמּוּדִים I Kings 7:16 +, less often עַמֻּ׳ v I Kings 7:21 +; cstr. עַמּוּדֵי Exodus 26:32 + less often עַמֻּ׳ Exodus 38:17 +; sf. עַמּוּדָיו Exodus 36:38 +, עַמֻּדָיו Exodus 27:10 +, etc.;—

pillar, supporting house Judges 16:25, Judges 16:26, Judges 16:29; pillars in tabern. Exodus 27:10, Exodus 27:11, Exodus 27:17; Exodus 36:38; Numbers 3:37 + 27 times Ex Nu (P), + עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים pillars of acacia wood Exodus 26:32, Exodus 26:37; Exodus 36:36; pillars in Sol.’s palace I Kings 7:2, I Kings 7:3, I Kings 7:6, אוּלָם הָע׳ v I Kings 7:6, עַמּוּדֵי אֲרָזִים v I Kings 7:2 pillars of cedar (P); in Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 42:6^(×2); ע׳ שֵׁשׁ Esther 1:6 (in palace), Song of Songs 5:15 (sim.).

two bronze pillars—I Kings 7:15; II Kings 25:13 = Jeremiah 52:17—before temple I Kings 7:15^(×2) + 14 times I Kings 7, + II Kings 25:16, II Kings 25:17^(×2) = Jeremiah 52:20, Jeremiah 52:21^(×2), Jeremiah 27:19; I Chronicles 18:8; II Chronicles 3:15, II Chronicles 3:16, II Chronicles 3:17 + 4 times II Chronicles 4; perhaps one was הָע׳ by which king stood in temple II Kings 11:14 = II Chronicles 23:13; II Kings 23:3; > ע׳ here = standing-place, platform Thes al.; two pillars bef. Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:49.

columns, uprights, of silver Song of Songs 3:10 (litter).

ע׳ עָשָׁן Judges 20:40 column of smoke: ע׳ (הֶ)עָנָן Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22 (J) + 6 times JE, hence Nehemiah 9:12, Nehemiah 9:19 Psalms 99:7; ‖ ע׳ (הָ)אֵשׁ Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22 (J), Numbers 14:14 (JE), Nehemiah 9:12, Nehemiah 9:19; ע׳ אֵשׁ וְעָנָן Exodus 14:24 (J), all of the theoph at time of Exodus.

ע׳ בַּרְזֶל Jeremiah 1:18 (fig. of proph.).

poet. of pillars of earth Job 9:5 Psalms 75:4, of heaven Job 26:11.

of wisdom’s house Proverbs 9:1.

עַמִּיאֵל

and similar n.pr. v. sub I. עמם.

עָמַל

vb. labour, toil (NH id.; Arabic عَمِلَ labour, make; Sab. עמל work (? n. or vb.) CIS ^{iv. No. 250}; Aramaic עֲמַל, ܥܡܰܠ; Zinj. עמל; Assyrian nîmelu, gain, possessions);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ecclesiastes 2:21; 3 fs. עָֽמְלָה Proverbs 16:26; 2 ms. עָמַלְתָּ Jonah 4:10; 1 s. עָמַלְתִּי Ecclesiastes 2:11 + 2 times; pl. עָֽמְלוּ Psalms 127:1; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲמֹל Ecclesiastes 1:3 + 3 times;—labour (very late): in building, c. בְּ Psalms 127:1; tillage, c. בְּ Jonah 4:10; gen., c. בְּ Ecclesiastes 2:21, c. לְ Proverbs 16:26; Ecclesiastes 5:15, c. לְ + inf. Ecclesiastes 8:17; עֲמָלוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל Ecclesiastes 1:3; Ecclesiastes 5:17, cf. Ecclesiastes 2:11, Ecclesiastes 2:19, Exodus 2:20.

עָמָל

n.m. ^{Job 4:8} f. Ecclesiastes 10:15 (against Albr^{ZAW xvi (1896), 113}, v. Kö^{Synt. § 249 m}) trouble, labour, toil (on this form as abstr. v. Lag^{BN 143} Ba^{NB 105});—ע׳ Numbers 23:21 +; cstr. עֲמַל Judges 10:16 +; sf. עֲמָלִי Genesis 41:51 +, etc.;—

trouble (‖ sorrow): one’s own suffering, עָמָל וְיָגוֹן Jeremiah 20:18; ע׳ וָכַעַם Psalms 10:14; עֳנִי וע׳ Deuteronomy 26:7 Psalms 25:18; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Psalms 90:10; ‖ אָוֶן Numbers 23:21; Job 5:6; ‖ שָֽׁוְא Job 7:3; ע׳ נפשׁו Isaiah 53:11; ע׳ בְּעֵינָ֑י Psalms 73:16; וַיַּסְתֵּר ע׳ מֵעֵינָ֑י Job 3:10; מְנַחֲמֵי ע׳ Job 16:2; אדם לע׳ יוּלָּד Job 5:7; בע׳ אנושׁ אינימוֹ Psalms 73:5; שׁכח ע׳ Job 11:16; נַשַּׁנִי ע׳ Genesis 41:51 (E); ע׳ לא זכר Proverbs 31:7; תקצר נפשׁו בע׳ Judges 10:16.

trouble, mischief, as done to others: ‖ שֹׁד Proverbs 24:2; יֹצֵר ע׳ Psalms 94:20; ‖ רָע Habakkuk 1:13; יָשׁוּב ע׳ בְרֹאשׁוֹ Psalms 7:17; ע׳ וָאָ֑וֶן Psalms 10:7; און וע׳ Psalms 55:11; ‖ אָוֶן Isaiah 10:1; Isaiah 59:4; Habakkuk 1:3 Psalms 7:15; Job 4:8; Job 15:35; עֲמַל שְׂפָתֵימוֹ Psalms 140:10 mischief of their lips.

toil, labour (late in Heb.): Ecclesiastes 2:10^(×2), Ecclesiastes 2:21, Ecclesiastes 2:24; Ecclesiastes 3:13; Ecclesiastes 4:4, Ecclesiastes 4:6, Ecclesiastes 4:8, Ecclesiastes 4:9; Ecclesiastes 5:14, Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 6:7; Ecclesiastes 8:15; Ecclesiastes 10:15; c. עָמַל (q.v.) Ecclesiastes 1:3; Ecclesiastes 2:11, Ecclesiastes 2:19, Ecclesiastes 2:20; Ecclesiastes 5:17; עָמֵל (שְׁהוּא) ע׳ שֶׁאֲנִי Ecclesiastes 2:18, Ecclesiastes 2:22; ע׳ אֲשֶׁר עָמֵל Ecclesiastes 9:9; = fruit of labour, ע׳ לְאֻמִּים יִירָ֑שׁוּ Psalms 105:44; וַיַּכְנַע בע׳ לִבָּם Psalms 107:12 he humbled their mind by toil.

עָמָל²

n.pr.m. name in Asher I Chronicles 7:35, 𝔊 Αμαα, 𝔊L Αλαμ.

עָמֵל

n.m. ^{Proverbs 16:26} labourer, sufferer;—ע׳ Proverbs 16:26 + 2 times; pl. עֲמֵלִים Judges 5:26;—

labourer, workman: Judges 5:26 Proverbs 16:26.

sufferer, Job 3:20 (‖ מָרֵי נֶפֶשׁ), Job 20:22.

עָמֵל²

adj. verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.;—Ecclesiastes 2:18, Ecclesiastes 2:22; Ecclesiastes 3:9; Ecclesiastes 4:8; Ecclesiastes 9:9.

עֲמָלֵק

n.pr.gent. Amalek (on—ָ v. Lag^{BN 162} Ba^{NB 160});—ancient people Numbers 24:20^(×2), S. of Canaan—in Negeb Numbers 13:29 (all JE), fierce and warlike Bedawin (cf. GASm^{Geogr. 282} GFM Judges 6:3, Judges 6:33), foes of Isr. during Exodus Exodus 17:8 + 6 times Exodus 17 (E), Deuteronomy 25:17, Deuteronomy 25:19; later marauders in Isr. territory Judges 3:13; Judges 6:3, Judges 6:33; Judges 7:12; Judges 10:12, defeated by Saul I Samuel 14:48; I Samuel 15:2 + times I Samuel 14:28, I Samuel 18, and by David I Samuel 30:18 (cf. adj.gent. infr.), II Samuel 8:12 = I Chronicles 18:11, cf. Psalms 83:8; also הָע׳ II Samuel 1:1 (where read עֲמָלֵק or הָעֲמָלֵקִי, v. Comm.); ע׳ I Chronicles 4:43; as grandson of Esau Genesis 36:12 (P) = I Chronicles 1:36, Genesis 36:16; appar. connected with Ephr. territory Judges 5:14 (cf. Judges 12:15 infr.; yet GFM conj. עֵמֶק).—On Amalek v. Nö^{Amalekites (1864)}; ^{Ency. Bi. s.v.}.

עֲמָלֵקִי

adj.gent. I Samuel 30:13; II Samuel 1:13, also (as pred.) v II Samuel 1:8; coll. = (the) Amalekites I Samuel 15:6, I Samuel 15:15; I Samuel 30:1, elsewhere c. art. הָע׳ Numbers 14:25, Numbers 14:43, Numbers 14:45 (J; all + הַכְּנַעֲנִי), I Samuel 27:8; שְׂדֵה הָע׳ Genesis 14:7; הַר הָע׳ Judges 12:15 (in Ephraim); read הָע׳ also Judges 1:16 (for הָעָם) Bu GFM, > עֲמָלֵק Hollenb Mey Kit^Kau; on II Samuel 1:1 v. foreg.

עָמַם

vb. (√ of foll. cf. Arabic عَمَّ be comprehensive, include; عَمٌّ company; also paternal uncle; perhaps Assyrian ummanu, people; Sab. עם either (a) people, or (b) paternal uncle CIS^{iv. p. 20}; pl. sf. אעממהו = (b) Mordtm^{Himj. Inschr. 45. 70}; also often in n.pr. CIS^{iv. No. 5, 1. 99, 7} etc., Prät^{Neue Beitr. 25} Hom^{Chrest. 12, 133; A. und A. 6} We^{GGN 1893, 480}).

עַם²

n.m. Genesis 11:6 (v. infr.) people (NH id., plebeian, common man; 𝔗 עַמָּא people, pl. peoples, tribes, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܡܳܐ; Arabic عَمٌّ v. supr.; orig. meaning prob. those united, connected, related, cf. We^{GGN 1893, 480});—abs. עַם Genesis 11:6 +, עַם Judges 9:36 +, הָעָם Joshua 8:11 +; cstr. עַם Numbers 21:29 +; sf. עַמִּי Exodus 3:7 +, עַמְּךָ Exodus 22:27 +, etc.; pl. עַמִּים Isaiah 2:3 +, עֲמָמִים (cf. Biblical Aramaic) Nehemiah 9:22; cstr. עַמֵּי I Kings 8:43 +, עַמְמֵי Nehemiah 9:24; pl. c. sf. v. ii. עַם;—(Thes cites foll. as f. וְחָטָאת עַמֶּ֑ךָ Exodus 5:16 [but corrupt and unintellig.; read perhaps וְחַטָאתָ לְע׳, so 𝔊 𝔖 Di]; Judges 18:7 [but ישֶׁבֶת must agree with lost word city, or the like, v. GFM]; Jeremiah 8:5 [but read שׁוֹבַב for שׁוֹבְבָה Gie]);—

a people, nation (sometimes ‖ גּוֹי), n. coll. (sg. Exodus 21:8 Joshua 17:14, Joshua 17:15, Joshua 17:17; II Samuel 17:29 + often, or pl. Exodus 20:13; Exodus 24:2; Jeremiah 5:31 + often, or both in same clause Exodus 1:20; II Samuel 13:24): עַם אֶחָד = all mankind Genesis 11:6 (J); peoples in gen. Genesis 27:29 (J; ‖ לְאֻמִּים), Exodus 19:5 (E), Deuteronomy 2:25; Deuteronomy 4:6 + often Dt, Nehemiah 13:24 + often; קְהַל עַמִּים Genesis 28:3 (P) an assembly (multitude) of peoples, Genesis 48:4 (P), Ezekiel 23:24; Ezekiel 32:3 (+ דַבִּים); one’s own people Jeremiah 46:16 Psalms 45:11; Ruth 1:10, Ruth 1:15, Ruth 1:16^(×2) + (on עַמִּי נָדִיב Song of Songs 6:12 v. especially Bu); particular peoples, Egypt Genesis 41:40 (E), Exodus 1:22 (E), Nehemiah 9:10 +; עַם־אֲרָם Amos 1:5; עַם־כְּמוֹשׁ (i.e. Moab) Numbers 21:29 (JE), Jeremiah 48:46; but especially Isr. Exodus 1:20 (E) + often; עַם־בְּנֵי יִשׂ׳ v Exodus 1:9 (J); called ע׳ יהוה Numbers 11:29 (E), I Samuel 2:24 +, and (by י׳) עַמִּי Exodus 3:7; Exodus 5:1 (J) + often (all periods); קְהַל עַם־הָאֱלֹהִים Judges 20:2, עַם־הַקָּהָל Leviticus 16:33 (P), קְהַל עָם Psalms 107:32; especially הָעָם הַזֶּה (often in contempt or disgust) Numbers 11:1, Numbers 11:12, Numbers 11:13 +; fig. of ants Proverbs 30:25, the shaphan v Proverbs 30:26, locusts Joel 2:2, cf. לְעַם לְצִיִּים Psalms 74:14 (where read לְעַם צִיִּים Hup-Now).—On Judges 1:16 v. עֲמָלֵקִי.

= smaller units, e.g.

inhab. of a city Genesis 19:4 (J), I Samuel 9:12, I Samuel 9:13; Jeremiah 29:16, Jeremiah 29:25; II Chronicles 31:4 + (Jeremiah 8:5 del. יְרוּשׁ׳ 𝔊 Gie Co Rothst).

inhab. of a locality Jeremiah 37:12 [appar. not = tribe, Deuteronomy 33:3 read עַמּוֹ 𝔊 Di Dr, Hosea 10:14; Judges 5:8, Judges 5:14 read בְּעָרֶיךָ We Now; v. sub d].

retainers, followers Genesis 14:16; Genesis 32:8; Genesis 33:15; Genesis 35:6; Judges 3:18; Judges 8:5; II Samuel 15:17; Jeremiah 41:13, Jeremiah 41:14 +.

people bearing arms I Samuel 11:11; I Kings 20:10 +; ע׳ כָּבֵד Numbers 20:20 (JE), i.e. a powerful force; עַם הַצָּבָא Numbers 31:32 (P), ע׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Joshua 8:1, Joshua 8:3, Joshua 8:11; Joshua 10:7; Joshua 11:7 (all JE); so prob. Judges 5:8 a (fighting) band; perhaps also v Judges 5:14 (read sg.? v. GFM Bu).

= common people Jeremiah 21:7; Jeremiah 22:4, Leviticus 4:27 (opp. ruler v Leviticus 4:22), Nehemiah 5:1 (opp. יְהוּדִים), Nehemiah 7:5 (opp. rulers).

people in gen., persons Genesis 50:20 (E), so appar. כָּל־הָעָם אֲשֵׁר וגו׳ Exodus 33:16 (J), Numbers 11:34 (J), Joshua 5:5^(×2) (D), Judges 9:36 (as sg.), v Judges 9:37 (as pl.), Jeremiah 36:9; persons labouring I Kings 9:23; superior persons Job 12:2 (iron.); עַם עוֹלָם Ezekiel 26:20 people of long ago (now in Sh^eʾôl).

phrases are:

(עַמָּהּ, עַמִּי, עַמְּךָ) כְּנֵי עַמּוֹ members of one’s people, compatriots, fellow-countrymen, etc. Numbers 22:5 (E), Genesis 23:11 (P) Leviticus 19:18 (H), Judges 14:16, Judges 14:17; Ezekiel 33:2, Ezekiel 33:12 +.

בְּנֵי הָעָם = common people (v. 3) II Kings 23:6; Jeremiah 26:23 +; people in gen. שַׁעַר בְּנֵי הָעָם Jeremiah 17:19 i.e. public gate II Chronicles 35:5, II Chronicles 35:12.

עַם הָאָרֶץ the people at large, as a body II Kings 11:14, II Kings 11:18, II Kings 11:19, II Kings 11:20; II Kings 15:5; II Kings 16:15; II Kings 21:24^(×2) +, Jeremiah 37:2; Jeremiah 44:21 Leviticus 20:2 (H), Genesis 23:7, Genesis 23:12, Genesis 23:13 (P); common people Jeremiah 34:19, cf. דַּלַּת ע׳ הא׳ II Kings 24:14; disting. from prince Ezekiel 45:22; Ezekiel 46:3, Ezekiel 46:9, from priests Haggai 2:4 Zechariah 7:5; = Canaanites Numbers 14:9 (JE), cf. עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ I Chronicles 5:25; mixed post-exil. population Ezra 4:4.

עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ usually peoples of the earth Joshua 4:24 (D), II Chronicles 32:19 +; of heathen peoples about and in Pal. after exile Ezra 10:2, Ezra 10:11; traders Nehemiah 10:31; עַמֵּי הָאֲרָצוֹת Nehemiah 9:30; Nehemiah 10:29; II Chronicles 32:13.

מִשְׁפְּחוֹת עַמִּים Psalms 96:7 = I Chronicles 16:28 (cf. Psalms 22:23).

בַּת־עַמִּי = people personif. Isaiah 22:4; Jeremiah 4:11 + 7 times Je + Jeremiah 6:14 (van d. H.; om. בַּת Baer Gi), Lamentations 2:11; Lamentations 3:48; Lamentations 4:3, Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:10; בְּתוּלַת בַּת־עַמִּי Jeremiah 14:17.

designations of Isr. are: עַם־קָדוֹשׁ Deuteronomy 7:6 + 3 times, ע׳ קְדוֹשִׁים Daniel 8:24, ע׳ (ה)קֹדֶשׁ Isaiah 62:12; Isaiah 63:18; Daniel 12:7; ע׳ סְגֻלָּה Deuteronomy 7:6; Deuteronomy 14:2; Deuteronomy 26:18.

of foreign (non-Isr.) peoples: ע׳ נָכְרִי Exodus 21:8 (E), ע׳ אַחֵר Deuteronomy 28:32, and especially from language, ע׳ עִמְקֵי שָׂפָה Ezekiel 3:5 cf. v Ezekiel 3:6, כִּלְשׁוֹן עַם וָעָם Nehemiah 13:24 cf. Esther 1:22^(×2); Esther 3:12, ע׳ לֹעֵג Psalms 114:1.

עַם עֶבְרָתִי Isaiah 10:6, ע׳ חֶרְמִי Isaiah 34:11, ע׳־מִבְחָרָיו Daniel 11:15, עַמֵּי תּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵלָּה Ezra 9:14; לֹא עַם בִּינוֹת Isaiah 27:11.—For עַם־עוֹלָם Isaiah 44:7 read (אֹתִיּוֹת) מֵעוֹלָם (מִי הִשְׁמִי)עַ Oort Du Kit Che^Hpt cf. Perles^{Anal. 40, 64}.

עִם

prep. with (Aramaic עִם, ܥܰܡ, Sab. עם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 12} Hom^{Chrest. 51}; cf. Arabic مَعَ, مَعْ (but v. Prät^{BAS. i. 26})), sf. עִמִּי₄₆ and עִמָּדִי₄₅ (prob. akin to Arabic عِنْدٌ side, عِنْدَ beside: cf. √ ענד), without difference of meaning (עמי in Pent. Genesis 31:31; Genesis 39:7, Genesis 39:12, Genesis 39:14; Exodus 33:12 Leviticus 26:21, Leviticus 26:23, Leviticus 26:27, Leviticus 26:40 [H] Numbers 22:19; Jos-K. 13 times; Psalms 42:9; Psalms 86:17; Job 10:17; Ruth 1:11; Esther 7:8; in Dn 7 times, Ezr Ne Ch 11 times: עמדי in Pent. Gn [JE] 14 times, Exodus 17:2; Leviticus 25:23; Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 32:34, Deuteronomy 32:39; Ju S 7 times; Psalms 23:4; Psalms 50:11; Psalms 50:19; Psalms 101:6; Jb 14 times, Ruth 1:8); עִמְּךָ, †עִמְּכָה I Samuel 1:26, עִמָּ֑ךְ; עִמּוֹ, עִמָּהּ; עִמָּ֫נוּ; עִמָּכֶם; עִמָּם₂₇ (Genesis 18:16, etc.: Gn-K 20 times; Nehemiah 13:25; not Ezr Ch), and עִמָּהֶם₂₃ (chiefly late: Numbers 22:12; Deuteronomy 29:16 (v Deuteronomy 29:24 עמם), Jonah 1:3; Job 1:4, and 19 times Ne Ezr Ch):

of fellowship and companionship (Lat. cum), as Genesis 13:1 ולוט עמו and Lot with him, Genesis 18:16; Genesis 19:30; Genesis 24:54 הוא והאנשׁים אשׁר עמו, וכל ישׂראל עמו Joshua 7:24 al.; + often Peculiar to Ch Ezr are clauses introd. by ועמהם … I Chronicles 12:34; I Chronicles 13:2; I Chronicles 15:18 +, Ezra 8:13, Ezra 8:14 (Aramaic Ezra 5:2) +; so ועמו … I Chronicles 12:28; II Chronicles 17:14-18; II Chronicles 26:17; Ezra 8:3-12, Ezra 8:33. Coupling substantives, together with, chiefly in poetry: Deuteronomy 12:23 לא תאכל הנפשׁ עם הבשׂר, Joshua 11:21; Judges 16:3; Ecclesiastes 7:11; II Samuel 1:24 שָׁנִי עִם עֲדָנִים, Deuteronomy 32:14 עִם חֵלֶב כרים, v Deuteronomy 32:14, Deuteronomy 32:24, Deuteronomy 32:25 Amos 4:10; Isaiah 25:11; Isaiah 34:7; Jeremiah 6:11; Jeremiah 51:40; Nahum 3:12 Psalms 66:15 אעשׂה בקר עם עתודים, Psalms 81:3; Psalms 83:8; Psalms 87:4; Psalms 89:14; Psalms 104:25 +, Song of Songs 1:11; Song of Songs 4:13^(×2) כפרים עם נרדים, v Song of Songs 4:14^(×2); Song of Songs 5:1^(×3). Unusually, Esther 9:25 אמר עם הספר he ordered in conjunction with writing, in a written order. Poet. or late uses: Psalms 42:9 ובלילה שִׁירֹה עמי, Psalms 89:22 אשׁר יָדִי תִּכּוֹן עמו, v Psalms 89:25; in Jb of the companionship of sufferings or prosperity, Job 6:4 חִצֵּי שַׁדַּי עמדי, Job 17:2 אם לא הֲתֻלִים עמדי, Job 29:6 וְצוּר יָצוּק עמדי פלגי שׁמן, v Job 29:20 כבודי חָדָשׁ עמדי, II Chronicles 14:5 ואין עמו מלחמה, II Chronicles 16:9 ישׁ עמך מלחמות, II Chronicles 28:10 עִמָּכֶם אֲשָׁמוֹת. Hence, in partic.

of aid, Exodus 23:5 Deuteronomy 22:4; I Chronicles 12:19; especially of God, Genesis 21:22 אלהים עמך, Genesis 26:3 ואהיה עמך, v Genesis 26:33; Genesis 31:3, Genesis 31:5; Exodus 3:12; Joshua 1:5; Isaiah 8:10 כ׳ עמנו אל Psalms 23:4; Psalms 46:8, Psalms 46:12; Job 29:5 + often (cf. אֵת, Genesis 39:2, Genesis 39:3, Genesis 39:21, Genesis 39:23; Isaiah 43:5 +): so הִתְחַזַּק עם I Chronicles 11:10; II Chronicles 16:9; Daniel 10:21, עָזַר עם I Chronicles 12:21, כי גם ידם עם דוד I Samuel 22:17; II Samuel 3:12; I Chronicles 4:10 (cf. Exodus 23:1, and II. אֵת 1 a) With the help of (= Gk. σύν), I Samuel 14:45 כי עם אלהים עשׂה היום הזה, Daniel 11:39 (rare).

Of actions done jointly with another, as ירשׁ עם inherit with, Genesis 21:10, כרת ברית עם Genesis 26:28 + often, עם (חִלֵּק) חָלַק to share with Joshua 22:8; Isaiah 53:12 +; cf. Deuteronomy 10:9 חֵלֶק וְנַחֲלָה עִם אֶחָיו, Deuteronomy 18:1.

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, עִם is with in the sense of against: so often with נִלְחַם to fight, נִשְׁפַּט to dispute, נֶאֱבַק to wrestle, רִיב to strive (see these verbs), Genesis 26:20; Genesis 30:8; Genesis 32:29; בּא בְּמִשְׁפָּט עם to enter into judgment with Isaiah 3:14 +, Job 14:3 (הֵבִיא), רִיב לי׳ עִם Hosea 4:1 +; hence, without a verb expressing the idea explicitly, Psalms 94:16 מי יקום לי עִם מְרֵעִים in the struggle with evil-doers? v b Psalms 55:19 כי בְרַבִּים היו עמדי for as many are they in combat with me, Job 9:14 אָבְחֲרָה דְבָרַי עמו in the contest with him, Job 10:17; Job 16:21; perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (cf. 4 b end).

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another: as עשׂה חסד עם to do kindness with Genesis 24:12 + often (in 1 pers. observe that in this phr. עמדי, not עמי, is regul. used, Genesis 19:19; Genesis 20:13; Genesis 40:14; I Samuel 20:14; II Samuel 10:2 [‖ I Chronicles 19:2 עמי: here only], al.), עשׂה טוב עם Genesis 26:29 +, v. also Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:29; Deuteronomy 33:21; Judges 15:3; Job 10:12; Job 13:20; Job 42:8 Psalms 86:17 (cf. אִתְּכֶם Deuteronomy 1:30; Deuteronomy 10:21; and Aramaic Daniel 3:32), Psalms 119:124; Psalms 126:2 (I Samuel 12:24), Job 33:29; הֵיטִיב עם Genesis 32:10, Genesis 32:13 +, הֵרַע עִם Genesis 31:7; רָצָה עם be well pleased with Psalms 50:18; Job 34:9; דִּבֶּר עם to speak with (subj. usually God) Exodus 19:9 + (v. דִּבֶּר 3 e), hence דָּבָר עִם Judges 18:7, Judges 18:28; II Samuel 3:17; I Kings 1:7; Job 15:11 דָּבָר לָאַט עמך a word (spoken) gently with thee, cf. Job 11:5 ויפתח שׂפתיו עמך; יֵאָמֵן עם II Chronicles 1:9: and with adjj. תמים עם perfect with (i.e. toward) Deuteronomy 18:13 Psalms 18:24, שָׁלֵם עם I Kings 8:61 +; cf. וְלִבָּם לֹא נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ Psalms 78:37; II Samuel 21:4; II Samuel 23:5; I Kings 3:6 (עמך), Micah 6:8 הַצְנֵעַ לֶכֶת עִם אֱלֹהָיו, Psalms 73:22 toward thee, I Chronicles 19:6; Hosea 12:1 (?); also הָלַךְ קְרִי עִם Leviticus 26:21 (7 times), מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם עם Deuteronomy 9:7, Deuteronomy 9:24; Deuteronomy 31:27; II Chronicles 16:10; II Chronicles 26:19 Psalms 85:5; Job 10:17 a.

Of a common lot, Genesis 18:23 האף תספה צדיק עם רשׁע together with the wicked, v Genesis 18:25 Job 3:14, Job 3:15; Isaiah 38:11 Psalms 26:9 אל תאסף עם חטּאים נפשׁי, v b; Psalms 28:3^(×2), Psalms 69:29; Job 30:1; I Chronicles 24:5; hence like, Psalms 73:5 ועם אדם לא יְנֻגָּ֑עוּ with (i.e. like) men (in general), Psalms 106:6 חטאנו עם אבותינו, Ecclesiastes 2:16 ואיך ימות הֶחָכָם עם הכסיל i.e. like the fool.

Of equality or resemblance generally (poet.), Job 9:26 חָֽלְפוּ עִם אֳנִיּוֹת אֵבֶה they pass by with, i.e. as swiftly as, skiffs of reed, Job 37:18 תרקיע עמו שׁחקים i.e. like him, Job 40:15 אשׁר עשׂיתי עמך; so נִמְשַׁל עִם Psalms 28:1; Psalms 143:7, נֶחְשַׁב עִם Psalms 88:5, cf. Ecclesiastes 7:11.

Of time, = as long as, Psalms 72:5 יִירָאוּךָ עם שׁמשׁ as long as the sun endureth (cf. Aramaic Daniel 3:33; Daniel 4:31; also Ovid. Am. i. 15, 16 cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit); at the time of (?) II Chronicles 21:19 (but read perhaps מֵחָלְיוֹ); and c. inf. (late), Ezra 1:11 עִם הֵעָלוֹת הַגּוֹלָה (cf. ἅμα τῷ sq. inf. Judges 3:21; Judges 9:33; also עִם Ecclus 40:14).

Of a locality, close to, beside: †Genesis 25:11 וישׁב יצחק עם באר לחי ראי beside the well of, etc., Genesis 35:4 תַּחַת הָאֵלָה אשׁר עם שׁכם (so, after אשׁר, Joshua 7:2; Judges 9:6; Judges 18:22 II Samuel 13:23), Joshua 19:46 (?), Judges 18:3 הֵמָּה עִם בֵּית מִיכָה (so Judges 19:11; II Samuel 20:8), I Samuel 10:2; II Samuel 6:7 וַיָּ֫מָת שָׁם עִם אֲרוֹן הא׳, II Samuel 19:38; II Samuel 24:16; I Kings 1:9; I Chronicles 13:14 by the house of O., in its own house (v. Be), I Chronicles 21:15 (II Samuel 24:16), I Chronicles 26:16 (cf. אֵת 2). By a person, Deuteronomy 5:25 וְאַתָּה עֲמֹד פֹּח עמדי by me, I Samuel 1:26 הַנִּצֶּבֶת עִמְּכָה +; of one living near another, Exodus 22:24; Leviticus 25:35, Leviticus 25:36, Leviticus 25:39, Leviticus 25:47.

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of (apud, chez): Genesis 23:4 גֵּר וְתוֹשָׁב עמך (fig. of י׳ Leviticus 25:23 Psalms 39:13), Genesis 27:44; Genesis 29:14 וַיֵּשֶׁב עִמּוֹ, v Genesis 27:25 עבדתי עמך I have served with thee (so v Genesis 27:30, cf. Deuteronomy 15:16), Genesis 31:38; Leviticus 25:6, Leviticus 25:40^(×2), Leviticus 25:50, Leviticus 25:53; Deuteronomy 22:2; Deuteronomy 23:17; Judges 17:10; II Samuel 19:34; I Kings 11:22; cf. I Samuel 2:21 עם י׳ i.e. at his sanctuary.

In the possession of (Lat. penes): Genesis 24:25 straw, etc., is עִמָּנוּ, Genesis 31:32 Deuteronomy 17:19 והיתה עמו with him, at his side, Deuteronomy 29:16; Job 28:14 וְיָם אָמַר אֵין עִמָּדִי; = stored up with, Deuteronomy 32:34 כָּמֻם עִמָּדִי, Job 27:13 (but read here prob. מֵאֵל; cf. Job 20:29); of ethical or mental attributes, I Samuel 25:25 וּנְבָלָה עִמּוֹ, Job 12:13 עִמּוֹ חָכְמָה וּגְבוּרָה, v Job 12:16; Job 25:2 Psalms 130:7; II Chronicles 19:3, II Chronicles 19:7. cf. fig. Psalms 36:10 כי עמך מְקוֹר חַיִּים.

In the custody or care of, I Samuel 9:23 שִׂים אֹתָהּ עִמָּ֑ךְ; I Samuel 22:23 כִּי מִשְׁמֶרֶת אַתָּה עִמָּדִי: cf. Job 17:3 עָרְבֵנִי עִמָּ֑ךְ be surety for me with thyself.

Beside = except, Deuteronomy 32:39 אֵין אלהים עִמָּדִי, Psalms 73:25 ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ and beside thee I delight not (in aught that is) upon earth (al. in comparison of thee, 1 f), II Chronicles 14:10 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לַעֲזֹר there is none beside thee to help, II Chronicles 20:6; perhaps Hosea 9:8 (Hi Ke; but very dub., v. Comm.). cf. אֵת 1 b.

With = friendly with, Genesis 31:2 כי איננו עמי (syn. v Genesis 31:5 אֶל towards), II Kings 10:15 לְבָבִי עִם לְבָֽבְךָ, Proverbs 23:7 וְלִבּוֹ בַל עִמָּ֑ךְ.

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one:—

עִם לְבַב פ׳, especially in Dt. and the later Deut. style, Deuteronomy 8:5 וְיָדַעְתָּ עִם לְבָבְךָ thou shalt know with thy heart, Deuteronomy 15:9 פן יהיה דבר עם לבבך בליעל a wicked thought with thy heart, Joshua 14:7 I brought back word כאשׁר עם לבבי; היה עם לְבַב פ׳, especially of a purpose, I Kings 8:17 ויהי עם לבב דוד לִבְנוֹת וגו׳ i.e. it was David’s purpose to build, etc., v I Kings 8:18^(×2); I Kings 10:2 (= II Chronicles 6:7, II Chronicles 6:8^(×2); II Chronicles 9:1), I Chronicles 22:7; I Chronicles 28:2 (both based on I Kings 8:17, etc.), II Chronicles 1:11; II Chronicles 24:4; II Chronicles 29:10; rather differently, to muse or talk with one’s heart, Psalms 77:7; Ecclesiastes 1:16.

עִם alone, = in one’s consciousness, whether of knowledge or memory or purpose (cf. אֵת 3 b; عِنْدَ W^{AG ii. § 66}): Numbers 14:24 עֵקֶב הָֽיְתָה רוּחַ אַחֶרֶת עִמּוֹ i.e. operating in his mind, I Kings 11:11 יען אשׁר היתה זאת עמך, I Chronicles 28:12 the pattern of all אשׁר היה בָרוּחַ עמו that was in spirit (i.e. mentally) with him, Psalms 50:11 וְזִיז שָׂדַי עִמָּדִי is with me (i.e. is known to me; ‖ ידעתי), prob. also Psalms 73:23; Psalms 139:18 (= in thy thought and care); Job 9:35 לא כן אנכי עמדי not so am I with myself (my consciousness—or conscience—does not tell me that I need dread him), Job 10:13 ידעתי כי זאת עמך i.e. that this was thy purpose (‖ אֵלֶּה צָפַנְתָּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ), Job 15:9 ולא עמנו הוא and is not with us (= in our knowledge; ‖ וְלֹא נֵדָ֑ע), Job 23:10 כי ידע דרך עמדי the way of which I am conscious (De; Ew Di the way attending me, my usual way), v Job 23:14 וְכָהֵנָּה רַבּוֹת עמו i.e. he has many such purposes, Job 27:11 אֲשֶׁר עִם שַׁדָּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד i.e. his purposes or principles of action. Also sometimes in the judgment or estimation of, I Samuel 2:26 טוֹב עִם, II Samuel 6:22 נִכְבַּד עִם, perhaps צָדַק עִם Job 9:2; Job 25:4 (Ges Bu; but Ew as 1 c, Hi De beside, in comparison of).

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding Nehemiah 5:18 וְעִם זֶה (cf. مَعَ W^{AG ii. § 57}; in Heb. בְּ is the more usual syn.).—In I Samuel 16:12 אַדְמֹנִי עִם יְפֵה עֵינַיִם (cf. I Samuel 17:42 עִם יְפֵה מַרְאֶה), if text correct, יפה must be a neuter subst., with beauty of eyes; but read prob. (Gr Bu) עֶלֶם a youth (I Samuel 17:56; I Samuel 20:22) for עם (v. HPS; Che ^{Expos. Times x. 521} אַדְמֹנִי עֶצֶם, cf. Lamentations 4:7).

עַם³

n.[m.] kinsman* kinsman, later development of i. עַם RS^{K 58; 2nd ed. 72}. (on father’s side) (Arabic عَمٌّ paternal uncle, etc. v. I. עמם; cf. perhaps TelAm. ammu, kinsmen (?); on Nab. עם ancestor cf. Lzb^{151, 499}; v. also especially Nes^{Eg 187, ZAW xvi (1896), 322 f.} Krenkel^{ib. viii (1888), 280–84});—sf. עַמִּי in בֶּן־עַמִּי (q.v.), and n.pr. sqq.; elsewhere pl. sf. עַמֶּיךָ Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2 (Leviticus 19:16 read עַמְּךָ 𝔊 Sam), + (poss.) עֲמָמֶיךָ Judges 5:14; עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 + 15 times, עַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 + 3 times; read עַמַּי (for MT עַמִּי, 1עַם; cf. Krenkel^{l.c. 281}) Genesis 49:29 and perhaps Judges 14:3 (cf. Leviticus 21:14); according to Buhl Kit also II Kings 4:13;—father’s kinsmen: וַיֵּאָסֵף אֶל־עַמָּיו Genesis 25:8 (of joining kinsmen in Sh^eʾôl), so v Genesis 25:17; Genesis 35:29; Genesis 49:33; Numbers 20:24; Deuteronomy 32:50, cf. Genesis 49:29 (v. supr.), Numbers 27:13; Numbers 31:2; Deuteronomy 32:50 (all P); וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14 (severed from living kinsmen), so Leviticus 7:20, Leviticus 7:21, Leviticus 7:25, Leviticus 7:27; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 23:29; Numbers 9:13, מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exodus 31:14, cf. Exodus 30:33, Exodus 30:38; Leviticus 17:9 (all PH); מֵעַמָּיו יִקַּח אִשָּׁה Leviticus 21:14 (H), and perhaps Judges 14:3 (sim. 1עַם: [ם—ָ, הּ—ָ] מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Leviticus 17:4, Leviticus 17:10; Leviticus 18:29 +); other combin. Judges 5:14 (si vera l., read perhaps בְּעַמֶּ֑ךָ, v. 1.עַם 2 d), Leviticus 21:1, Leviticus 21:4, Leviticus 21:15 (H), Ezekiel 18:18 and (perhaps) II Kings 4:13.—בֶּן־עַמִּי (v. p. 122 b) perhaps = son of my kinsman; on n.pr. c. עַם v. Gray^{Prop. N. 41 ff.}.

עַמּוֹן

n. pr. gent. Ammon, 𝔊 Αμμαν, Αμμων (Assyrian Bît Ammanu COT^Gloss.);—always (except I Samuel 11:11 [where however 𝔊 reads בְּנֵי ע׳], Psalms 83:8, which have ע׳ alone) בְּנֵי עַמּוֹן, connected by J with בֶּן־עַמִּי son of Lot Genesis 19:38 (and meaning of name doubtless sought herein by J; cf. ii. עַם); people apparently akin to Isr., but usually hostile, dwelling E. of Jordan, NE. of Moab, between Arnon and Jabbok: Numbers 21:24^(×2) (JE), Deuteronomy 2:19^(×2), Deuteronomy 2:37; Deuteronomy 3:11, Deuteronomy 3:16; Joshua 12:2; Joshua 13:10 (D), v Joshua 13:25 (P), Judges 3:13; Judges 10:6 + 25 times Judges 10-12; I Samuel 11:11; I Samuel 12:12; I Samuel 14:47; II Samuel 8:12; II Samuel 10:1 + 14 times II Samuel 10-12, II Samuel 17:27; I Kings 11:7, I Kings 11:33; II Kings 23:13; II Kings 24:2; I Chronicles 18:11 + 20 times Ch, Amos 1:13; Isaiah 11:14; Jeremiah 9:25 + 9 times Je, Zephaniah 2:8, Zephaniah 2:9; Ezekiel 21:25, Ezekiel 21:33 + 5 times Ezekiel 25; Daniel 11:41.—Vid. Che^Ammon in Ency. Bib.

עַמּוֹנִי

adj. gent. Ammonite;—abs. ms. עַמּוֹנִי as subst. Deuteronomy 23:4 an Ammonite (generic), so עַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 13:1; הָעַמּוֹנִי of individual I Samuel 11:1, I Samuel 11:2; II Samuel 23:37 = I Chronicles 11:39; Nehemiah 2:19, so הָעַמֹּנִי Nehemiah 2:10; Nehemiah 3:35; fs. הָעַמֹּנִית I Kings 14:21 = II Chronicles 12:13; I Kings 14:31, so הָעַמּוֹנִית II Chronicles 24:26; הָעַמֹּנִי as subst. coll. Ezra 9:1; mpl. as subst. עַמֹּנִים I Kings 11:5, הָע׳ Deuteronomy 2:20; Nehemiah 4:1, הָעַמּוֹ׳ II Chronicles 26:8 (on II Chronicles 20:1 v. מְעוּנִים); fpl. as adj. עַמֳּנִיֹּת I Kings 11:1, so Nehemiah 13:23 Qr, Kt עמוניות.

עַמִּיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is God, Gray^{Prop. N. 254});—𝔊 Αμ(με)ιηλ:

E. Jordan name II Samuel 9:4, II Samuel 9:5; II Samuel 17:27.

a Danite Numbers 13:12 (P).

David’s father-in-law I Chronicles 3:5 (= אֱלִיעָם II Samuel 11:3).

son of Obed Edom I Chronicles 26:5.

עַמִּיהוּד

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is majesty);—𝔊 (Σ)εμιουδ, Αμιουδ, etc.:

a Geshurite II Samuel 13:37 Qr (> Kt עַמִּיחוּר, cf. Dr al., Gray^{Prop. N. 43}).

an Ephraimite Numbers 1:10; Numbers 2:18; Numbers 7:48, Numbers 7:53; Numbers 10:22 (all P), I Chronicles 7:26.

a Simeonite Numbers 34:20.

a Naphtalite Numbers 34:28.

a Judahite I Chronicles 9:4.

עַמִּיזָבָד

n.pr.m. (my kinsman hath bestowed; cf. זָבָד, אֶלְזָבָד, יְהוֹזָבָד, זַבְדִּיאֵל, זְבַדְיָה, and, especially on Palm. equiv., v. Gray^{Prop. N. 223f.} also Lzb²⁶⁵ Cook^46f.);—son of Benaiah I Chronicles 27:6, 𝔊 Ααιβαζαθ, A Αμιραζαθ, 𝔊L Αμειναζαβαδ.

עַמִּינָדָב

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is noble);—𝔊 Αμ(ε)ιναδαβ:

Aaron’s father-in-law Exodus 6:23; Numbers 1:7; Numbers 2:3; Numbers 7:12, Numbers 7:17; Numbers 10:14 (all P), Ruth 4:19, Ruth 4:20; I Chronicles 2:10^(×2).

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:7.

I Chronicles 15:10, I Chronicles 15:11.

עַמִּישַׁדָּ֑י

n.pr.m. (my kinsman is Shaddai);—a Danite Numbers 1:12; Numbers 2:25; Numbers 7:66, Numbers 7:71; Numbers 10:25, 𝔊 Αμ(ε)ισαδαι, 𝔊L Αμισαδε.

עָמַם²

vb. darken, dim (NH id.; Arabic غَمَّ cover, veil, conceal; 𝔗 עֲמַם grow dark);—

Pf. 3 pl. sf. עֲמַמֻהוּ Ezekiel 31:8 dub., but prob. (as Thes) cedars did not eclipse him; עֲמָמוּךָ Ezekiel 28:3 no secret do they hold dark (= is held dark) for thee (Ges^{§ 117 x}).

Impf. 3 ms. יוּעַם זָהָב Lamentations 4:1 (fig.) how is the gold dimmed! cf. Bu.

עָמַס

vb.

load.

carry a load (NH id.; Ph. עמס carry; cf. poss. Arabic عَمِسَ gravis et obscurus fuit dies (Frey));—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲמֹס Genesis 44:13, יַעֲמָס־ Psalms 68:20; Pt. act. עֹמְסִים Nehemiah 13:15; עֹמְשִׂים Nehemiah 4:11 (but v. infr.); sf. עֹמְסֶיהָ Zechariah 12:3; pass. עֲמֻסִים Isaiah 46:3, עֲמוּסוֹת v Isaiah 46:1;—

load (obj. om.) upon (עַל) ass Genesis 44:13 (E), Nehemiah 13:15; so abs. Nehemiah 4:11, lit., si vera l. (v. Be-Ry Ryle); but read prob. חֲמֻשִׁים Ry^Kau.

carry a load Psalms 68:20 (י׳, for (ל) his people), carry as a load Zechariah 12:3 (fig.), pass. Isaiah 46:1 (lit.), v Isaiah 46:3 (fig.).*

עָמוֹס

n.pr.m. Amos the prophet;—Amos 1:1; Amos 7:8, Amos 7:10, Amos 7:11, Amos 7:12, Amos 7:14; Amos 8:2, 𝔊 Αμως.

עֲמַסְיָה

n.pr.m. name in Judah II Chronicles 17:16, 𝔊 Μασαιας, 𝔊L Αμασιας (cf. Ph. אשמנעמס, בעלעמס CIS^{i. 139, 169, 719}, v. also Gray^{Prop. N. 296f.}).

עָמֹק

vb. be deep (NH in deriv.; Arabic عَمُقَ; Ethiopic ዐመቀ: prob. Assyrian [emêḳu

עֵ֫מֶק

n.m. Micah 1:4 vale (proposes deepening, depth, v. GASm^{Geogr. 384f. 654f.}; cf. בִּקְעָה, גַּיְא, נַחַל);—ע׳ abs. Joshua 8:13 +, cstr. Genesis 14:17 +; sf. עִמְקֵךְ Je Jeremiah 49:4, עִמְקָם Jeremiah 47:5 (but v. infr.); pl. עֲמָקִים Micah 1:4, sf. עֲמָקַיִךְ Isaiah 22:7;—vale, valley, lowland, opp. הֶהָרִים Micah 1:4, amid mts., e.g. about Jerus. Isaiah 22:7; Jeremiah 31:40, so perhaps ע׳ שָׁוֵה Genesis 14:17 = ע׳ הַמֶּלֶךְ v Jeremiah 14:17; II Samuel 18:18, cf. ע׳ חֶבְרוֹן Genesis 37:14 (J), ע׳ בְּגִבְעוֹן Isaiah 28:21; Joshua 8:13 (JE), ע׳ הָאֵלָה I Samuel 17:2, I Samuel 17:19; I Samuel 21:10 (perhaps Wady es-Sant, in Shephelah, W. of Bethlehem, GASm^{Geogr. 226}); ע׳ אֲשֶׁר לְבֵית רְחוֹב Judges 18:28 in extreme north; in Moab Jeremiah 48:8 (‖ [opp.?] מִישׁוֹר); or wider, e.g. Judges 5:15 (scene of Sisera’s defeat; read perhaps ע׳ also for עֲמָלֵק v Judges 5:14 GFM), ע׳ יִזְרְעֶ֑אל Judges 6:33; Hosea 1:5; Joshua 17:16 (JE), cf. Judges 7:1, Judges 7:8, Judges 7:12; I Samuel 31:7 = I Chronicles 10:7, these all perhaps narrow ends of plain (cf. GASm^l.c.), but v. I Kings 20:28 (opp. הֶהָרִים; ‖ מִישׁוֹר v I Kings 20:23; = open country, cf. Aphek v I Kings 20:26); of Jordan-valley Joshua 13:19, Joshua 13:27 (P); of Philistine plain (opp. הָהָר) Judges 1:19, Judges 1:34; fit for chariots, so also אֶרֶץ הָע׳ Joshua 17:16 (P), cf. Job 39:21; ישֶׁבֶת הָע׳ Jeremiah 21:13, cf. Numbers 14:25 (v. Gie Di); cultivated I Samuel 6:13; Jeremiah 49:4^(×2) Job 39:10, fertile I Chronicles 27:29 Psalms 65:14; Song of Songs 2:1; v. also אַיָּלוֹן, בָּכָא, בְּרָכָה, ii. חָרוּץ, יְהוֹשָׁפָט, סֻכּוֹת, עָכוֹר, קְצִיץ, רְפָאִים, שִׂדִּים; בֵּית הָע׳ v. p. 112a.—For עִמְקָם Jeremiah 47:5 read עֲנָקִם Anakim 𝔊 Thes Hi Gf Gie Co Rothst; so also (more dub.) I Chronicles 12:16 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:15) Gf Gie, where otherwise הָע׳ = people of valleys.

עָמֹק²

adj. deep (cf. Ba^{NB § 23b});—

ע׳ lit. Leviticus 13:3 + 6 times Leviticus 13; f. עֲמֻקָּה of cup Ezekiel 23:32, trench Proverbs 22:14; Proverbs 23:27 (all 3 in sim.); ע׳ מִשְּׁאוֹל Job 11:8 (fig.); pl. מַיִם עֲמֻקִּים (sim.) Proverbs 18:4; Proverbs 20:5.

= unsearchable עָמֹק Psalms 64:7 Ecclesiastes 7:24^(×2); pl. עֲמֻקוֹת (Baer עֲמוּקוֹת, van d. H. עֲמֻקּוֹת) Job 12:22.

עָמוֹק

n.pr.m. a priest Nehemiah 12:7, Nehemiah 12:20, Αμουκ.

עֹ֫מֶר

n.m. ^{Leviticus 23:11} sheaf (swath, row of fallen grain, Wetzst^{Z.f. Ethnol. 1873, 273 (Syriac Dreschtafel)}, ag. him Vogelstein^{LandwirthschaftinPal. 61} who trans. heap of sheaves);—ע׳ abs. Deuteronomy 24:19; Leviticus 23:11, Leviticus 23:12, Leviticus 23:15, cstr. v Leviticus 23:10; fig. of food (abs.) Job 24:10; pl. עֳמָרִים lit. Ruth 2:7, Ruth 2:15.

עֹ֫מֶר²

n.m. ^{Exodus 16:22} omer (cf. Arabic غُمَرٌ small drinking cup or bowl; relation to i. ע׳ obscure);—a measure, only Exodus 16;—the measure itself v Exodus 16:18, Exodus 16:32, Exodus 16:33; amount measured v Exodus 16:16, Exodus 16:22; = 1/10 ephah v Exodus 16:36; 𝔊 γόμορ.

עָמִיר

n.[m.] swath, row of fallen grain (hay, as Mishn., according to Vogelstein^{l.c. 74f.} (who is then compelled to read עֹמֶר Micah 4:12), cf. Syriac ܥܡܺܝܪ grass, Schwally^{Idiot. 69});—Amos 2:13 (on cart), Jeremiah 9:21 (falling behind reaper), Micah 4:12 (brought to threshing-floor), Zechariah 12:6 (inflammable).

עֲמֹרָה

n.pr.loc. Gomorrah, Γομορρα (Γ = غ;; √ II. עמר according to Lag^BN54);—always c. סְדֹם q.v.; Genesis 10:19 + 8 times Gn, in sim. Amos 4:11; Isaiah 1:9; Isaiah 13:19; Deuteronomy 29:22; Jeremiah 49:18; Jeremiah 50:40; Zephaniah 2:9, cf. Deuteronomy 32:32; fig. of iniquity Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 23:14.

עָמְרִי

n.pr.m.

Omri, king of Israel (MI 4:5, 7 עמרי; in Assyrian Ḫumri COT^Gloss.);—I Kings 16:16 + 11 times I Kings 16; II Kings 8:26 = II Chronicles 22:2; Micah 6:16, 𝔊 (Ζ)αμβρ(ε)ι.

name in Benj. I Chronicles 7:8.

in Judah I Chronicles 9:4.

in Issachar 27:18.

עַמְרָם

n.pr.m. (√ עמר Nö^{ZMG xl (1886), 185}; poss. רָם + עַם Thes, cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 45, 47, 51});—

father of Moses Exodus 6:18, Exodus 6:20^(×2) + 4 times P, I Chronicles 5:28, I Chronicles 5:29 + 4 times Ch; Αμ(β)ραμ[ν].

עֲמָשָׂא

n.pr.m. (cf. עמס, עמשׂ? or read עַמִּשַׂי (ii. עַם + יִשַׂי), We^{Isr. u. Jüd. Gesch. 24}, cf. Gray^{Prop. N. 44, 323});—

Absalom’s general II Samuel 17:25^(×2) II Samuel 19:14 + 8 times II Samuel 20; I Kings 2:5, I Kings 2:32; I Chronicles 2:17^(×2), 𝔊 Αμεσσ(α)ει, 𝔊L Αμεσσα.

Ephraimite II Chronicles 28:12.

עֲמָשַׂי

n.pr.m. (cf. foreg.);—

warrior of David I Chronicles 12:19 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:18), Αμασαι, perhaps = אֲבִישִׁי (II Samuel 23:18).

Levites;

I Chronicles 6:10, I Chronicles 6:20 (עֲמָשָׁ֑י).

II Chronicles 29:12.

priest I Chronicles 15:24.

עֵנָב

n.m. ^{Genesis 40:11} grape(s) (on formation cf. Lag^{BN 153});—ע׳ abs. Deuteronomy 32:14 (coll.); elsewhere pl. עֲנָבִים Genesis 40:10 +; cstr. עִנְּבֵי (Ges^{§ 20 h}) Leviticus 25:5; Deuteronomy 32:32; sf. עֲנָבֵמוֹ v Deuteronomy 32:32;—grapes Genesis 40:10, Genesis 40:11 (E), Amos 9:13 (all as yielding juice for drink), Hosea 9:10 (sim.), Isaiah 5:2, Isaiah 5:4 (parable), Jeremiah 8:13; Nehemiah 13:15; Leviticus 25:5 (H); מִשְׁרַת ע׳ Numbers 6:3 (P), poet. דַּם־ע׳ Genesis 49:11; Deuteronomy 32:14; בִּכּוּרֵי ע׳ Numbers 13:20, אֶשְׁכּוֹל ע׳ v Numbers 13:23 (JE); eaten Deuteronomy 23:25 so ע׳ לַחִים וִיבֵשִׁים Numbers 6:3; אֲשִׁישֵׁי ע׳ Hosea 3:1 raisin-cakes; ע׳ רוֹשׁ Deuteronomy 32:12 grapes of poison.

עֲנָב

n.pr.loc. in hill-country of Judah Joshua 11:21; Joshua 15:50, Αναβ(ωθ), Ανωβ[ν], mod. ʿAnab, Joshua 15:18 1/2 miles SW. from Hebron, Buhl^{Geogr. 164}.

עָנוּב

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 4:8, Εννων, 𝔊L Άνωβ.

עֹ֫נֶג

n.[m.] daintiness, exquisite delight;—הֵיכְלֵי ע׳ Isaiah 13:22; וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת ע׳ Isaiah 58:13.

עָנָה

vb. answer, respond (NH id., respond, make response; 𝔗 עֲנָא; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ; Old Aramaic Palm. ענה; cf. Arabic عنى, عَنَا intend by saying);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Micah 6:5 +; sf. עָנַנִי I Samuel 28:15 +, עָנָךְ Isaiah 30:19; Jeremiah 23:37, עָנָהוּ I Samuel 9:17 +; 1 s. עָנִיתִי Hosea 14:9, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲנֶה Genesis 41:16 +, וַיַּעַן Amos 7:14 +, sf. יַעֲנֵנִי Job 20:3 +, etc.; Imv. עֲנֵה Micah 6:3; Proverbs 26:5 etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹת Genesis 45:3 + [II Samuel 22:36 v. עֲנָוָה]; Pt. עֹנֶה Judges 19:28 +, etc.;—

answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied, Judges 8:8; I Samuel 4:20; Job 9:15 +; especially

of men, c. acc. pers. Genesis 45:3 (E), Judges 5:29; II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21; Job 5:1 + very often (c. 110 times); specif. be responsive, i.e. answer kindly, grant request I Kings 12:7 (sf. pers.); = be amenable, docile (toward י׳) Hosea 2:17 (of Isr. in fig.); seldom and late, c. acc. of thing replied to, Job 32:12; Job 33:13 (De Di Bu), Job 40:2.

of God answering (graciously): usually c. acc. pers.; by oracle I Samuel 14:37; I Samuel 28:6, I Samuel 28:15 +, fig. Habakkuk 2:11; by deed I Samuel 7:9; I Kings 18:37^(×2), cf. בָּאֵשׁ v I Kings 18:24; I Chronicles 21:26, and especially Hosea 2:23, Hosea 2:24; Hosea 14:9, v. also Micah 3:4 Isaiah 41:17; Isaiah 49:8 Jeremiah 33:3; Job 12:4 +, especially ψψ, e.g. Job 3:5; Job 4:2; Job 20:2 + 33 times, etc. (in all c. 77 times);

rarely c. acc., or cl., of answer: אלהים יַע׳ אֶת־שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה Genesis 41:16; Job 15:2; Proverbs 18:23; Nehemiah 8:6 they responded, Amen! II Samuel 19:43 they made reply against Isr. (c. עַל against, only here), + quoted answer; c. acc. pers. + answer I Samuel 20:28 Jonathan answered Saul, David asked leave, etc.; c. 2 acc. (c. 20 times) II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21; Job 23:5 +; so = grant, vouchsafe to, נוֹרָאוֹת תַּעֲנֵנוּ Psalms 65:6 terrible things dost thou [י׳] vouchsafe to us.

often + אָמַר Genesis 18:27 Abr. answered and said, Exodus 4:1 (J), Exodus 19:8 (E), Job 4:1; Job 6:1 etc.; + אָמַר אֶל־ Genesis 27:39 + 16 times; + א׳ לְ v Genesis 27:37 + 8 times; ע׳ + acc. pers. + אמר, I Samuel 9:8 he answered Saul and said, + 23 times (in all c. 130 times); seldom + לֵאמֹר †Numbers 32:31 (P), ע׳ + acc. pers. + לא׳ Genesis 23:5, Genesis 23:10, Genesis 23:14 (P), Genesis 41:16; Genesis 42:22 (E), Joshua 1:16 (D)

seldom + דִּבֶּר Joshua 22:21 (P), II Kings 1:10, II Kings 1:11, II Kings 1:12; ע׳ + acc. pers. + ד׳ Genesis 34:13 (P).

respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances: I Samuel 9:17 (acc. pers. + quot.), Judges 18:14 (+ אָמַר), Numbers 11:28 (JE; + id.), II Kings 1:11 (+ id.), + 19 times

fig. יַעֲנֶה אֶת־הַכֹּל Ecclesiastes 10:19 money meets all demands.

specif. respond as a witness, testify, so perhaps pt. עֹנֶה (abs.) Malachi 2:12 (in good sense); c. בְּ pers. = in the case of = for Genesis 30:33; usually against, I Samuel 12:3; II Samuel 1:16; Isaiah 3:9; Isaiah 59:12; Micah 6:3; Jeremiah 14:7; Job 15:6; Numbers 35:30 (P), Ruth 1:21 (> Be be occupied with; Vrss Luth Kit^Kau עִנָּה humiliate); c. בְּפָנָיו Hosea 5:5; Hosea 7:10; Job 16:8; c. לְפָנָיו Deuteronomy 31:21 (+ לְעֵד as witness); c. בְּ pers. + acc. of charge, סָרָה Deuteronomy 19:16, of false witness שֶׁקֶר v Deuteronomy 19:18, עֵד־שֶׁקֶר Exodus 20:13 (Ginsb v Exodus 20:13), ‖ Deuteronomy 5:17, Proverbs 25:18: abs. (bad implic.) Exodus 23:2 (E; עַל concerning).

less often make response as one accused (respondent) Job 9:14, Job 9:15.

make answer, subj. י׳, c. ל pers., Pf. 1 s. נַעֲנֵיתִי Ezekiel 14:4; Pt. נַעֲנֶה v Ezekiel 14:7 (Qal not in Ez).

be answered: Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָנֶה,

Job 11:2 (subj. words).

of man = receive answer Proverbs 21:13, so 1 s. אֵעָנֶה Job 19:7.

Pt. מַעֲנֶה בְּשִׂמְחַת לִבּוֹ Ecclesiastes 5:19, wholly dub.; Hi (God) cause (all things) to respond in the joy of his heart; De answers to the joy, etc.; de Jong Wild occupies him (II. עָנָה with the joy, etc.

עֵת

n.f. Amos 5:13 and (seldom, mostly late) m. ^{Ezra 10:14} time (NH id.; Ph. עת; Assyrian inu, ittu, time; Talm עַנְתָּא; clearly from a √ ענה, but doubtful whether I. ע׳);—abs. ע׳ Hosea 10:12 +, cstr. ע׳ Genesis 24:11 +, עֶת־ Leviticus 15:25 + 5 times; sf. עִתּוֹ Hosea 2:11 +, etc.; pl., late, עִתִּים I Chronicles 12:32 +, sf. עִתֶּיךָ Isaiah 33:6; עִתּוֹת Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1, sf. עִתֹּתָ֑י Psalms 31:16;—ע׳ only twice P, once H;—

time of an event, etc.:

usually (213 times) c. prep.: c. בְּ (142 times), especially בָּע׳ הַהִוא Genesis 21:22 (E) in that time, Genesis 38:1 (J), Numbers 22:4 (E), Deuteronomy 1:9 + 14 times Dt; בָּע׳ הַהִיא Joshua 5:2; Amos 5:13; Daniel 12:1^(×2) + (69 times, not in P); בָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Esther 4:14, בָּעִתִּים הָהֵם II Chronicles 15:5; Daniel 11:14; בְּכָל־עֵת at all times Exodus 18:22, Exodus 18:26 (E), Leviticus 16:2 (P) Psalms 34:2 +; = continually Proverbs 8:30, בְּכָל־עֵת אֲשֶׁר Esther 5:13 as long as I see Mordecai; c. לְ (31 times; cf. ל 6, p. 516 supr.), II Samuel 11:1 + at the time, but Ezekiel 12:27 for distant times, cf. לְעֵת כָּזֹאת Esther 4:14, etc.; c. כְּ (21 times; cf. ב 1 a, p. 453 supr.), †מָחָר כָּע׳ הַזֹּאת Joshua 11:6 (JE) tomorrow about this time, usually כָּע׳ מָחָר (Kö^{Synt. 401 o}) Exodus 9:18 (J), I Samuel 9:16 (cf. Dr), I Samuel 20:12; I Kings 19:2; I Kings 20:6; II Kings 7:1, II Kings 7:18; II Kings 10:6 †; כָּעֵת חַיָּה v. p. 312; †כָּעֵת הָרִאשׁוֹן Isaiah 8:23 at the former time; כָּעֵת alone Numbers 23:23 (JE) at this time = now (prob., cf. Di), Judges 13:23; Judges 21:22, etc.; c. מִן (8 times;), מִן הָעֵת הַהִא Nehemiah 13:21, etc.; c. עַד (12 times), עַד־הָע׳ הַהִיא Nehemiah 6:1 up to that time, מֵעֵת עַד־עֵת Ezekiel 4:10, Ezekiel 4:11, etc. (5 times Dn); c. אֶל־, מֵעֵת אֶל־עֵת I Chronicles 9:25.

often cstr. defined by n.foll.: בְּעֵת צָהֳרָ֑יִם Jeremiah 20:16, לְעֵת (הָ)עֶרֶב II Samuel 11:12; Genesis 8:11; Genesis 24:11 (both J), Isaiah 17:14; Zechariah 14:7, עַד־עֵת הָעָ֑רֶב Joshua 8:29 (JE), כְּעֵת מִנְחַת עֶרֶב Daniel 9:21, redundantly לְעֶת־יוֹם בְּיוֹם I Chronicles 12:23, ע׳ (ה)קָצִיר Jeremiah 50:16; Jeremiah 51:33, ע׳ הַזָּמִיר Song of Songs 2:12, ע׳ זִקְנָה I Kings 11:4; I Kings 15:23 Psalms 71:9, בְּע׳ אַפְּךָ Jeremiah 18:23 = לְע׳ פָּנֶיךָ Psalms 21:10 (of anger), לְעִתּוֹת בַּצָּרָה Psalms 9:10; Psalms 10:1 at times of destitution (v. בַּצָּרָה), etc.

sq.inf. לְע׳ בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Joshua 10:27 (JE), II Chronicles 18:34, בְּע׳ קָרְאָם Jeremiah 11:14 (read בְּעֵת also v b, Gie), etc.

sq. cl. c. vb. fin. (poet. or late) Deuteronomy 32:35; Job 6:17; II Chronicles 20:22; II Chronicles 24:11; II Chronicles 29:27 + (cf. 2 c).

= usual time: לְע׳ צֵאת II Samuel 11:1 at the time of kings’ going forth = I Chronicles 20:1; בְּעֵת יַחֵם Genesis 31:10; עֵת לֶדֶת Job 39:1, Job 39:2.

proper, suitable time: rain בְּעִתּוֹ Deuteronomy 11:14; Jeremiah 5:24 +, cf. Leviticus 26:4 (H), also Psalms 1:3; Psalms 104:27; Psalms 145:15; Proverbs 15:23; Isaiah 60:22; Ecclesiastes 3:11; עֵת מִלְחָמָה v Ecclesiastes 3:8, ע׳ שָׁלוֹם v Ecclesiastes 3:8; sq.inf. Hosea 10:12, הַעֵת לָקַחַת II Kings 5:26 is it a time to take money? Haggai 1:4, לְהִבָּנוֹת עֶת־בֵּית י׳ v Haggai 1:2 (v a read עַתָּ בָּא Hi We Now al.); עֵת לַעֲשׂוֹת Psalms 119:126, cf. Ecclesiastes 3:2-8 (26 times); abs. כִּי עֵת Hosea 13:13 (Hi We al.; Gu^Kau gives עַתָּ; > Now כָּעֵת); abs. c. neg. Job 22:16; Ecclesiastes 7:17; hence (late) יוֹדְעֵי בִינָה לָעִתִּים I Chronicles 12:32, יֹדְעֵי הָעִתִּים Esther 1:13 i.e. astrologers, etc.

appointed time, בְּעֵת תֵּת וגו׳ I Samuel 18:19 at the appointed time of giving, Ezekiel 7:7, Ezekiel 7:12 Isaiah 13:22, ע׳ פְּקֻדָּתָם Jeremiah 8:12; Jeremiah 10:15 = Jeremiah 51:18, Jeremiah 46:21; Jeremiah 50:27 cf. (c.vb. fin.) Jeremiah 6:15; Jeremiah 49:8; Jeremiah 50:31, ע׳ אַרְצוֹ Jeremiah 27:7, ע׳ גּוֹיִם Ezekiel 30:3, מְזֻמָּנִים לְעִתִּים Ezra 10:14 Nehemiah 10:35 cf. Nehemiah 13:31; עַד־ע׳ מוֹעֵד II Samuel 24:15, Psalms 102:14 (‖ מוֹעֵד), etc.; cf. עֵת וּמִשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 8:5, Ecclesiastes 8:6 (for time of judgment), עִתּוֹ Ecclesiastes 9:12; especially לְעֵת קֵץ Daniel 8:7 cf. Daniel 11:35, Daniel 11:40; Daniel 12:4, Daniel 12:9, בְּע׳ עֲוֹן קֵץ Ezekiel 21:30, Ezekiel 21:34 cf. Ezekiel 35:5; לְקֵץ הָעִתּים Daniel 11:13.

as uncertain עֵת וָפֶגַע Ecclesiastes 9:11.

= experiences, fortunes, pl. אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ Isaiah 33:6, Psalms 31:16; הָעִתִּים אֲשֶׁר עָֽבְרוּ עָלָיו I Chronicles 29:30.

occurrence, occasion (= פַּעַם), רַבּוֹת עִתִּים Nehemiah 9:28 great numbers of times (= very often).

עַתָּ֫ה

(also Ezekiel 23:43 Psalms 74:6 עת Kt, Qr עַתָּה), עָ֑֫תָּה Genesis 32:5 +, adv. of time, now (proposes acc. of [’int], עֵת (Kö^{ii. 260}), at the time, in partic. of the present time, i.e. now; cf. Germ. zur Zeit, Arabic اَلْآنَ at the time, i.e. now);—now:

Genesis 12:19 ועתה הנה אשׁתך and now, behold thy wife, Genesis 22:12 כי עתה ידעתי now I know (so Exodus 18:11; Judges 17:13; I Kings 17:24 [עַתָּה זֶה], Psalms 20:7), Genesis 26:22, Genesis 26:29; Genesis 27:36; Genesis 31:13, Genesis 31:28, etc., Exodus 5:5 הן רבים עתה עם הארץ; whether in opp. to past time, as Genesis 32:11; Joshua 14:11 כְּכֹחִי אָז וּכְכֹחִי עָ֑תָּה, Judges 11:8; I Kings 12:4; Isaiah 1:21 ועתה מרצהים, Isaiah 16:14 Hosea 2:9 כִּי טוֹב לִי אָז מֵעָ֑תָּה, Hosea 13:2; Job 30:1 +, or to future, as Numbers 24:17 אֶרְאֶנּוּ ולא עתה, Judges 8:6 הֲכַף זֶבַח וצ׳ עַתָּה־בְּיָדֶ֑ךָ, I Samuel 2:16 כִּי עַתָּה תִּתֵּן; = after all Numbers 22:38; Judges 8:2; = now at last II Samuel 24:16; I Kings 19:4; II Kings 19:25; Hosea 7:2; Jeremiah 4:12; and in the phr. מעתה ועד עולם †Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 59:21; Micah 4:7 (v. infr.), Psalms 113:2; Psalms 115:18; Psalms 121:8; Psalms 125:2; Psalms 131:3.

of the imminent or impending future: Genesis 19:9 עַתָּה נָרַע לְךָ מֵהֶם, Genesis 29:32 כי עתה יאהבני אישׁי, v Genesis 29:34 Exodus 6:1 עתה תראה, Numbers 11:23; Numbers 22:4; II Samuel 20:6; Isaiah 33:10 (Psalms 12:6), Isaiah 43:19; Isaiah 49:19; Amos 6:7 לכן עתה יִגְלוּ, Isaiah 49:19; Micah 7:4, Micah 7:10; Daniel 10:20; and especially ἀσυνδέτως in Hos, introducing a punishment, Hosea 4:16 עתה יִרְעֵם י׳ וגו׳ Hosea 5:7; Hosea 8:8, Hosea 8:13 (Jeremiah 14:10), Jeremiah 10:2.

of a time ideally present (= then, from our point of view): Isaiah 29:22 לא עתה יבושׁ יעקב, v b Hosea 10:3; Micah 4:9, Micah 4:10, Micah 4:11, Micah 4:14; Micah 5:3.

describing a present state = as things are: I Samuel 8:5 thou art old, etc., עתה שִׂימָה לנו מלך, I Samuel 9:6; I Samuel 13:12; I Samuel 14:30; I Samuel 25:7; I Samuel 27:1 now I shall be swept away one day, etc., II Kings 18:20, II Kings 18:25; Job 6:21; Job 14:16; Job 16:7.

with an Imv., as an encouragement, implying that the time has come for the exhortation or advice to be followed, Genesis 31:13 עתה קום צא, Exodus 18:19 עתה שְׁמַע בקולי, Numbers 22:11 Deuteronomy 2:13 Isaiah 30:8.

Phrases:

עַתָּה זֶה (זֶה 4 h) †I Kings 17:24 II Kings 5:22.

ועתה and, now, or now, therefore (וְ 4), drawing a conclusion, especially (cf. 1 e) a practical one, from what has been stated: Genesis 3:22 and now (since man has once been disobedinet), lest he put forth his hand, etc., Genesis 20:7; Genesis 21:23 וְעַתָּה הִשָּֽׁבְעָה לִי הֵ֫נָּה, Genesis 27:3, Genesis 27:8 ועתה בני שְׁמַע בקולי, Genesis 30:30; Genesis 31:16, Genesis 31:44; Genesis 37:20 + often, Isaiah 5:3, Isaiah 5:5; Isaiah 36:8 Psalms 2:10; Genesis 11:6 ועתה לֹא־יִבָּצֵר מֵהֶם וגו׳, Genesis 31:30; Genesis 45:8; II Samuel 19:11 Psalms 39:8 ועתה מַה־קִּוִּיתִי אֲדֹנָי, Isaiah 52:5.

וְעַתָּה הִנֵּה stating the ground on which some conclusion or action is to be based, Exodus 3:9 Joshua 14:10^(×2) I Samuel 12:2; I Samuel 24:21; I Kings 1:18; Jeremiah 40:4 (with ועתה usually repeated after the הנה-clause).

גם עתה Genesis 44:10; I Samuel 12:16; I Kings 14:14; Joel 2:12; Job 16:19.

מֵעַתָּה from now, henceforth, Jeremiah 3:4; Isaiah 48:6; Daniel 10:17 (according to some, here = from just now), II Chronicles 16:9; מעתה ועד עולם, v. supr. 1 a end.

עַד־עַתָּה until now, Genesis 32:5 וָאֵחַר עד־ע׳, Deuteronomy 12:9 לא באתם עד ע׳ אל הנחלה (opp. to the fut.), II Kings 13:23; especially after clause with מִן, Genesis 46:34 מִנְּעוּרֵינוּ וְעַד־ע׳ (II Samuel 19:8 Ezekiel 4:14), Exodus 9:18; II Kings 8:6; Ruth 2:7.

כִּי עַתָּה for in this case, in our idiom, for then (עתה pointing to a condition assumed as a possible contingency; cf. Dr^{§ 141, 142}); †(a) Exodus 9:15 כי עתה שׁלחתי וגו׳ for then (if the intention expressed in v Exodus 9:14 had not existed) I should have put forth my hand, etc., Numbers 22:29 כי עתה הֲרַגְתִּיךְ, I Samuel 13:13; Job 3:13; sq. impf. Job 6:3 for then (if it were weighed, v Job 6:2) it would be heavier, etc., Job 13:19 for then would I be silent and die; (b) after a protasis, surely then Genesis 31:42 + (see כִּי 1 d b, p. 472).—

Read כְּמוֹ עַתָּ (𝔊 𝔙) as now, for כְּמוֹ עֵת Ezekiel 16:57, עַתָּ נִשְׁבַּרְתְּ (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙) now art thou broken! for עֵת נִשְׁבֶּרֶת Ezekiel 27:34, and prob. עַתָּ בָּא (Hi We Kö Now, cf. 𝔊 𝔖) for עֶת־בֹּא Haggai 1:2; also עַתָּה for אַתָּה I Kings 1:20, and אַתָּה for עַתָּה v I Kings 1:18; II Samuel 18:3.

עַתַּי

n.pr.m. (Ι)εθθει

of Judah I Chronicles 2:35 (עַתָּ֑י), v I Chronicles 2:36.

of Gad I Chronicles 12:11.

II Chronicles 11:20

עִתִּי

adj. timely, ready (Gk. ὡραῖος);—אִישׁ ע׳ Leviticus 16:21 a man who is in readiness.

עָנָה²

vb. be occupied, busied with (ב), only Ec (perhaps Aramaic loan-word; Syriac ܥܢܳܐ be occupied with, ܥܶܢܝܳܢ occupation, affair; cf. Arabic عنى, عَنَا concern one, also be occupied by; Ecclus 42:8 ^margin);—

Inf. עֲנוֹת Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 3:10.

עִנְיָן

n.m. ^{Ecclesiastes 1:13} occupation, task, only Ec (Aramaic loan-word Lag^{BN 205}; common in NH);—ע׳ abs. Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 3:10; Ecclesiastes 5:2; Ecclesiastes 8:16; sf. כַּעַס עִנְיָנוֹ Ecclesiastes 2:23 his task is (sheer) vexation; עִנְיָן רָע Ecclesiastes 1:13 an evil (worthless) task, so Ecclesiastes 4:8 (Mass. עִנְיַן as if cstr., v. Baer^{1, 13} but Kö^{ii. 1, 99}), and, in weakened sense, Ecclesiastes 5:13 a bad business, bad affair.

עָנָה³

vb. be bowed down, afflicted (NH id.; MI Pi. ויענו l⁵, אענו l⁶; Assyrian enû, thwart, frustrate, do violence to; Arabic عنو, عَنَا be lowly, submissive, v. Rahlfs^{עָנִי und עָנָו in d. Psalmen (1892), 67 ff.}; 𝔗 עַנִּי Pa. oppress; Syriac Ethpe. humble oneself, and deriv.);—

Pf. 1 s. עָנִיתִי Psalms 116:10; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲנֶה Isaiah 25:5; Isaiah 31:4, etc.;—

be put down or become low, of song of triumph Isaiah 25:5 (others as Hiph. he putteth down, ‖ תַּכְנִיעַ).

be depressed, downcast Isaiah 31:4 (of lion; ‖ יֵחָ֑ת).

be afflicted Psalms 116:10; Psalms 119:67; Zechariah 10:2.

Pf. 1 s. נַעֲנֵיתִי Psalms 119:107; Inf. cstr. לֵעָנֹת (perhaps read as Qal Ges^{§ 51 l}) Exodus 10:3; Pt. נַעֲנֶה Isaiah 53:7; fs. נַעֲנָה Isaiah 58:10;—

humble oneself מִפְּנֵי Exodus 10:3.

be afflicted Psalms 119:107 Isaiah 53:7; Isaiah 58:10.

Pf. 3 ms. עִנָּה Deuteronomy 22:24 + 5 times; 2 ms. עִנִּיתָ Psalms 88:8; 1 s. עִנֵּיתִי Psalms 35:13, sf. וְעִנִּתִךְ consec. Nahum 1:12, etc.; Impf. יְעַנֶּה Job 37:23, etc.; Imv. עַנּוּ Judges 19:24; Inf. abs. עַנֵּה Exodus 22:22; cstr. עַנּוֹת Isaiah 58:5 +, etc.; Pt. pl. sf. מְעַנַּיִךְ Isaiah 60:14 Zephaniah 3:19;—

humble, mishandle, afflict: individual Genesis 16:6; Genesis 31:50 (J) Exodus 22:21, Exodus 22:22^(×2) (E) Job 30:11; by imprisonment and bonds Judges 16:5, Judges 16:6, Judges 16:19 Psalms 105:18; a nation by way or in bondage Genesis 15:13 (J) Exodus 1:11, Exodus 1:12; Numbers 24:24^(×2) (E) Deuteronomy 26:6; I Samuel 12:8 (inserting וַיְעַנּוּם מִצְרַיִם, so 𝔊 Dr Bu Kit HPS (cf. Th We]), II Samuel 7:10; II Kings 17:20 Psalms 94:5; Isaiah 60:14; Zephaniah 3:19; dynasty of David Psalms 89:23.

humble, a woman by cohabit., Genesis 34:2 (J) Deuteronomy 21:14; Deuteronomy 22:24, Deuteronomy 22:29; Judges 19:24; Judges 20:5 II Samuel 13:12, II Samuel 13:14, II Samuel 13:22, II Samuel 13:32; Ezekiel 22:10, Ezekiel 22:11; Lamentations 5:11.

afflict as a discipline (God agent) Deuteronomy 8:2, Deuteronomy 8:3, Deuteronomy 8:16; I Kings 11:39 Psalms 88:8; Psalms 90:15; Psalms 119:75; Isaiah 64:11 Nahum 1:12^(×2) Lamentations 3:33.

humble, weaken, obj. כֹּחַ Psalms 102:24; משׁפט Job 37:23 (cf. Talm עִנָּה דִּין); נֶפֶשׁ oneself, by fasting Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31; Leviticus 23:27, Leviticus 23:32; Numbers 29:7 (P) Psalms 35:13; Isaiah 58:3, Isaiah 58:5; by an oath Numbers 30:14 (P).

Pf. 1 s. עֻנֵּיתִי Psalms 119:71; Impf. 3 fs. תְּעֻנֶּה Leviticus 23:29; Inf. cstr. sf. עֻנּוֹתוֹ Psalms 132:1; Pt. מְעֻנֶּה Isaiah 53:4;—

be afflicted, in discipline by God Psalms 119:71; Psalms 132:1 Isaiah 53:4.

be humbled by fasting Leviticus 23:29 (P).

Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּעֲנֵם I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26 afflict, in discipline.

Pf. 3 ms. הִתְעַנָּה I Kings 2:26; 2 ms. הִתְעַנִּיתָ v I Kings 2:26; Impf. 3 mpl. יִתְעַנּוּ Psalms 107:17; Imv. הִתְעַנִּי Genesis 16:9; Inf. cstr. הִתְעַנּוֹת Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12;—

humble oneself (c. תַּחַת יָדֶיהָ Genesis 16:9 (J).

be afflicted, by men I Kings 2:26^(×2) by God in discipline Psalms 107:17.

humble oneself in fasting Ezra 8:21 Daniel 10:12.

עָנָו

(?; Lag^{BN 48}) n.m. poor, afflicted, humble, meek;—עָנָו Numbers 12:3 (Kt; Qr עָנָיו is to ensure the—ָ according to Di Kö^{ii 1, 76}); elsewhere pl. עֲנָוִים Isaiah 29:19 + 11 times + Kt עֲנָוִים Isaiah 32:7 Psalms 9:19 (Qr עֲנִיִּים); Qr עֲנָוִים Psalms 9:13; Psalms 10:12 Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 14:21; Proverbs 16:19 (Kt עניים); cstr. עַנְוֵי Zephaniah 2:3 + 2 times, + Kt ענוי (Qr עֲנִיֵּי) Amos 8:4 (so Job 24:4 van d. H.; but עֲנִיֵּי Kt and Qr Baer Ginsb)—these forms shew confusion with עָנִי, which is perhaps only another form of עָנָו (otherwise Rahlfs^{op. cit. 62 f.} Dr^‘Poor’ in Hastings^DB; עָנָו = humble, meek, עָנִי = pass. humbled, afflicted);—

poor, needy Proverbs 14:21 (Qr).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Amos 2:7; Isaiah 29:19; Isaiah 32:7 (Kt); ענוי (ה)ארץ Psalms 76:10 Isaiah 11:4 Zephaniah 2:3 Amos 8:4 (Kt), Job 24:4.

poor, weak and afflicted Israel (usually rendered meek) Psalms 10:17; Psalms 22:26; Psalms 25:9^(×2); Psalms 34:3; Psalms 37:11; Psalms 69:33 (עָנִי 3, also in all these ψψ), Psalms 147:6; Psalms 149:4 Isaiah 61:1 (‖ נשׁברי לב, cf. Isaiah 66:2 עָנִי 3), Psalms 9:19 (Kt) v Psalms 9:13; Psalms 10:12 (Qr).

humble, lowly, meek Numbers 12:3 (Moses); Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 16:19 (both Qr).

עֲנָוָה

n.f. humility;—ע׳ Proverbs 15:33 + 3 times; עַנְוָה־ (contr. because of Maqqeph, see Br^MP) Psalms 45:5; עַנְוָֽתְךָ Psalms 18:36 (= עֲנֹתְךָ II Samuel 22:36 v. I. ענה; read עֶזְרָֽתְךְ Ol We);—

humility, meekness Psalms 45:5 (dub.), Proverbs 15:33; Proverbs 18:12; Proverbs 22:4 Zephaniah 2:3 (prob. gloss, v. We Now).

condescension Psalms 18:36 (dub., v. supr.).

עֱנוּת

n.f. affliction;—Psalms 22:25; Che^{JBL xv (1896), 198} proposes צַעֲקַת cry [cf. 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗], (צ dropped out after ץ).

עָנִי

adj. poor, afflicted, humble;—ע׳ Deuteronomy 24:12 + 51 times; pl. עֲנִיִּים Isaiah 3:15 + 6 times; cstr. עֲנִיֵּי Isaiah 10:2 + 4 times (v. also Kt and Qr sub עָנָו supr.); sf. עֲנִיֶּיךָ Psalms 72:2; Psalms 74:19, עֲנִיֶּ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 15:11; עֲנִיָּו Isaiah 49:13; fs. עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21; Isaiah 54:11 (+ Isaiah 10:30 MT, but read עֲנִיהָ, v. I. ענה);—

poor, needy, ‖ אביון Deuteronomy 15:11; Deuteronomy 24:14, Deuteronomy 24:15; Proverbs 31:20, ‖ יתום Job 24:12; Exodus 22:24 (E), Deuteronomy 24:12; having right to gleanings Leviticus 19:10; Leviticus 23:22 (H); יְמֵי ע׳ Proverbs 15:15, cf. Proverbs 14:21 (Kt).

poor and weak, oppressed by rich and powerful Isaiah 3:14, Isaiah 3:15; Isaiah 32:7 (Qr), Isaiah 58:7; Job 29:12; Job 36:6, Job 36:15; Proverbs 30:14; Ecclesiastes 6:8; Ezekiel 18:17; Zechariah 7:10; Job 24:4, also Amos 8:4 (Qr); ‖ דל Job 34:28; Proverbs 22:22; עֲנִיֵּי עַמִּי Isaiah 10:2; ענו ואביון Job 24:14; Proverbs 31:9; Jeremiah 22:16; Ezekiel 16:49; Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 22:29.

poor, weak, afflicted Israel, or pious in Israel afflicted by wicked nations or the wicked in Israel itself Psalms 10:2, Psalms 10:9^(×2), Psalms 14:6 (dub., cf. Psalms 53:6) Psalms 102:1 (or n.pr.), Isaiah 14:32; Habakkuk 3:14; of Zion, עֲנִיָּה Isaiah 51:21; Isaiah 54:11; שׁד ע׳ Psalms 12:6; יחיד וע׳ Psalms 25:16; עני ואביון Psalms 35:10; Psalms 37:14; Psalms 40:18 = Psalms 70:6, Psalms 74:21; Psalms 86:1; Psalms 109:16, Psalms 109:22, pl. Isaiah 41:17; עני וְכוֹאֵב Psalms 69:30; ע׳ וָרָשׁ Psalms 82:3; עֱנוּת ע׳ Psalms 22:25; ע׳ וְגׄוֵעַ Psalms 88:16 ‖ דל Isaiah 26:6 Zephaniah 3:12; ע׳ וּנְכֵה־רוּחַ Isaiah 66:2;—Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:11 v. ii. כְּנַעֲנִי;—God does not forget them Psalms 9;Psalms 13 (Kt)¹⁹ (Qr) Psalms 10:12 (Kt) Psalms 74:19, but has pity on them Isaiah 49:13, saves Psalms 34:7, delivers Psalms 35:10, and bestows various favours Psalms 68:11; Psalms 140:13, the king also judges Psalms 72:2, Psalms 72:4, and delivers Psalms 72:12.

humble, lowly, Zechariah 9:9 (victorious king); opp. לֵצִים Proverbs 3:34 (Kt); opp. גֵּאִים Proverbs 16:19 (Kt); עם עני opp. עינים רמות Psalms 18:28 = II Samuel 22:28.

עֳנִי

n.m. affliction, poverty;—ע׳ Exodus 3:7 +; עֹ֑נִי Deuteronomy 16:3 +, ע֑וֹנִי Psalms 107:41, עוני II Samuel 16:12 (Kt, but read עָנְיִי; > Qr עֵינִי !); sf. עָנְיִי Genesis 31:42 +, עָנְיֵךְ Genesis 16:11, etc.;—

affliction, Job 36:15, Job 36:21 Psalms 44:25; Psalms 88:10; Psalms 107:41; Psalms 119:50, Psalms 119:92 Lamentations 1:3; Lamentations 3:19; ארץ ע׳ Genesis 41:52 (E); יְמֵי ע׳ Job 30:16, Job 30:27 Lamentations 1:7; כּוּר ע׳ Isaiah 48:10; חַבְלֵי ע׳ Job 36:8; אֲסִירֵי ע׳ Psalms 107:10; בְּנֵי ע׳ Proverbs 31:5; ראה ע׳ Genesis 31:42 (E), Exodus 3:7; Exodus 4:31 (J), Deuteronomy 26:7; II Kings 14:26; Nehemiah 9:9; Job 10:15 Psalms 9:14; Psalms 25:18; Psalms 31:8; Psalms 119:153; Lamentations 1:9; Lamentations 3:1, ins. also before עַמִּי I Samuel 9:16 𝔊 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; ראה בע׳ Genesis 29:32 (J), I Samuel 1:11 II Samuel 16:12 (v. supr.); שׁמע ע׳ Genesis 16:11 (J); העלה מע׳ Exodus 3:17 (J); להם עני Deuteronomy 16:3.

frustration, בְּעָנִיִי in spite of my frustration, I Chronicles 22:14.

עָנָה⁴

vb. sing (Arabic عَنَّى sing, chant, غِنَآءٌ singing, chanting, etc.; Syriac ܥܰܢܺܝ sing responsively, ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ hymn, refrain; poss. Assyrian enû, resound (?); Egyptian anni is loan-word according to Bondi⁸⁰);—

Pf. 3 ms. וְעָנוּ consec. Jeremiah 51:14; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲנֶה Jeremiah 25:30; 3 fs. וַתַּעַן Exodus 15:21; Exodus 15:3 fpl. וַתַּעֲנֶינָה I Samuel 18:7, etc.; Imv. עֱנוּ Numbers 21:17 Psalms 147:7; Inf. cstr. עֲנוֹת Exodus 32:18^(×2);—sing, utter tunefully, Exodus 15:21 (E) and Miriam sang to (ל) them; of uttering shout (הֵידָד), as in vintage Jeremiah 25:30 (י׳ subj.; + אֶל־ pers.), in attack Jeremiah 51:14 (+ עַל־ pers.); קוֹל עֲנוֹתגְּבוּרָה(חֲלוּשָׁה) Exodus 32:18^(×2) (E) Hosea 2:17; c. ל rei v. pers. laudat. Numbers 21:17 (JE; well); Psalms 147:7 (י׳; ‖ זַמְּרוּ), Ezra 3:11; + אָמַר I Samuel 18:7 the women sang, and said; יַעֲגוּ בַמְּחֹלוֹת לֵאמֹר I Samuel 21:12; I Samuel 29:5; c. acc. rei laudat. Psalms 119:172 (cf. ‖ v Psalms 119:171).—Isaiah 13:22 v. עון.

intens.: Imv. עַנּוּ־לַהּ Isaiah 27:2 sing sweetly of it; Inf. קוֹל עַנּוֹת Exodus 32:18 (E) the sound of distinct singing; cf. לְעַנּוֹת Psalms 88:1.

עֲנָה

n.pr.m. Horites:—

Genesis 36:2 (read הַחֹרִי for הַחִוִּי v. Di) v Genesis 36:14, Genesis 36:18, Genesis 36:20, Genesis 36:25^(×2), Genesis 36:29 = I Chronicles 1:38, I Chronicles 1:41.

(‘nephew’ of 1) Genesis 36:24^(×2) = I Chronicles 1:40.—Ανα, Α(ι)να(ν) (cf. n.pr.m. ען, Safa, Hal^{JAs 7, x. 374}).

עֵז²

n.f. Genesis 15:9 she-goat;—abs. ע׳ Genesis 15:9 + 6 times; pl. עִזִּים Genesis 27:9 + 65 times; sf. עִזֶּיךָ Genesis 31:38;—

as property Genesis 30:22, Genesis 30:33, Genesis 30:35 (J), Genesis 31:38 (E), I Samuel 25:2.

as food: עִזִּים (גְּדִי) גְּדָיֵי kid(s) of she-goats Genesis 27:9, Genesis 27:16 (J) + 7 times, שְׂעִיר עִזּים Genesis 37:31 (J) a buck of goats, he-goat, שֵׂה עִזִּים Deuteronomy 14:4 a(n individual) goat; cf. Leviticus 7:23 (P; fat forbidden); also חֲלֵב ע׳ Proverbs 27:27 goats’ milk.

as sacrificial victim, chiefly P:

in gen. Leviticus 22:27 (H), Numbers 15:11.

in בְּרִית Genesis 15:9 (JE; cf. v Genesis 15:18).

פֶּסַח Exodus 12:5 (שֶׂה), בְּנֵי עִזִּים II Chronicles 35:7.

עוֹלָה Leviticus 22:19 (H), Leviticus 1:10 Numbers 28:30 (שְׂעִיר ע׳).

זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים Leviticus 3:12; Leviticus 17:3 (H; cf. v Leviticus 17:5), אִשֶּׁה Numbers 18:17 (בְּכוֹר ע׳). f. חַטָּאת, שְׂעִיר ע׳ Ezekiel 43:22; Ezekiel 45:23 Leviticus 4:23 + 3 times Lv, Numbers 7:16 + 19 times Nu; שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים a single she-goat Leviticus 4:28; Leviticus 5:6; צְפִירֵי עִזִּים II Chronicles 29:21 he-goats.

עִזִּים = goats’ hair, as material I Samuel 19:13, I Samuel 19:16 Exodus 25:4 + 6 times P (Exodus 35:26 obj. of טָווּ!).

in sim. חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים I Kings 20:27 (v. [חָשִׂיף]); כְּעֵדֶר הָע׳ Song of Songs 4:1; Song of Songs 6:5, of flowing, undulating hair.

צְפִיר הָע׳ Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8 he-goat in vision.

עִנְיָן²

v. II. [ענה].

עָנֵם

v. עֵין גַּנִּים.

עֲנָמִים

n.pr.gent. in (or near) Egypt Genesis 10:13 = I Chronicles 1:11, Αινειαμιειμ, Αινεμετιειμ, etc.; form dub. and locality unknown, v conj. in Di.

עָנָן

n.m. Exodus 19:16 cloud-mass, cloud;—(הֶ)ע׳ abs. Exodus 19:9 +; cstr. עֲנַזִ Hosea 6:4 +; sf. עֲנָֽנְךָ Numbers 14:14, עֲנָנוֹ Job 26:9; Job 37:15; pl. עֲנָנִים Jeremiah 4:13;—

cloud-mass:

especially of theophanic cloud (58 times), chiefly at Exodus in JE (less often P), usually עַמּוּד הֶע׳ Exodus 13:21, Exodus 13:22 + (v. עַמּוּד), but also ע׳ alone Exodus 34:5 cf. Exodus 14:20 (J), Numbers 10:34; Numbers 11:25; Numbers 14:14 (all JE); עַב־הֶע׳ Exodus 19:9, ע׳ כָּבֵד v Exodus 19:16 (E); ע׳ in P Exodus 16:10; Exodus 24:15 + 23 times; also Deuteronomy 1:33; Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:17, Psalms 78:14; Psalms 105:39; in temple I Kings 8:10, I Kings 8:11 = II Chronicles 5:13, II Chronicles 5:14, cf. Ezekiel 1:4; Ezekiel 10:3, Ezekiel 10:4; hence in gen. Psalms 97:2, as symbol of protection Isaiah 4:5; as a barrier Lamentations 3:44; cf. וע׳ אֲבַק רַגְלָיו Nahum 1:3.

of rain-bow cloud Genesis 9:13, Genesis 9:14^(×2), Genesis 9:16 (P), Ezekiel 1:28 (sim.).

עֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hosea 6:4; Hosea 13:3 (sim. of transitoriness; on phenom. in Pal. v. Chaplin^{PEQ, 1883, 19}), cf. Isaiah 44:22; Job 7:9 (both id.); sim. of invasion Ezekiel 38:9, Ezekiel 38:16, pl. Jeremiah 4:13.

poet. in various connex. Job 26:8, Job 26:9; Job 38:9; c. אוֹר as thunder-cloud Job 37:11, Job 37:15;

symbol. of gloom Ezekiel 30:18; Ezekiel 32:7; יוֹם ע׳ וַעֲרָפֶל Zephaniah 1:15; Ezekiel 34:12; Joel 2:2, cf. Ezekiel 30:3 (all of day of י׳).

ע׳ קְטֹרֶת Leviticus 16:13 (P) cloud of incense, so Ezekiel 8:11 (del. ע׳ 𝔊 Co Berthol, not Toy).

עֲנָנָה

n.f. cloud (Ges^{§ 122t}) Job 3:5.

עָנַן²

vb. Pōʿ. practise soothsaying (prob. denom., but orig. meaning dub.; connex. with i. עָנָן (De Isaiah 2:6) now gen. abandoned; Löw^{ZMG xxxi (1877), 539} cp. עַיִן eye, so We^{Skizzen iii. 148} (but v. infr.); RS^{JPhil. xiv (1885), 119 f.} cp. Arabic غُنَّةٌ nasal twang, hum of insects, whence diviners as crooning; Ew Gerber³¹ of diviner as interpreting hum of insects, whisper of leaves, etc.; We^{Heid. 2, 204} now cp. عَنَّ appear, i.e. dealers in phenomena);—Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְעוֹנֵן II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6; Impf. 2 mpl. וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵ֑נוּ Leviticus 19:26 (H); Pt. as subst. מְעוֹנֵן Deuteronomy 18:10 (forbidden), pl. מְעֹנְנִים v Deuteronomy 18:14, מְעוֹ׳ Micah 5:11, אֵלוֹן מְעוֹנְנִים Judges 9:37 (v. i. אֵלוֹן; seat of an oracle, cf. RS^{Sem i. 179, 2nd ed. 196}); also (without מְ, cf. Sta^{§ 233} Kö^{i. 349}) עֹנְנִים Isaiah 2:6, sf. עֹנְנֵיכֶם Jeremiah 27:9; fs. in בְּנֵי עֹנְנָה Isaiah 57:3 sons of a soothsaying woman, fig. of apostates.—Vid. כִּשֵּׁף, II. [נָחַשׁ], [קָסַם].

עָנָן²

n.pr.m. Nehemiah 10:27, Ηναμ, Η(ι)ναν (cf. n.pr.m. Sab. ענן SabDenkm³⁰; Palm. ענני).

עֲנַנְיָה

n.pr.

m. Nehemiah 3:23, Ανανια(ς).

loc. Nehemiah 11:32, Ανανια, Ανια; perhaps mod. Beit Ḫanîna, c. 4 miles NNW. from Jerusalem, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 167}.

עָנָף

n.[m.] branch(es), bough(s);—usually sg. coll., abs. ע׳ branches of vine Ezekiel 17:8, pl. only sf. עֲנָפֶיהָ Psalms 80:11 (both in fig.); boughs of tree, cstr. עֲנַף Leviticus 23:40, sf. (as if from *עֶנֶף Kö^{ii. 1, 74}) עַנְפְּכֶם Ezekiel 36:8; sg. abs. (in fig.) Malachi 3:19, of cedar Ezekiel 17:23; Ezekiel 31:3.

עֲנָק

n.[m.] neck, only in epith. gent. בְּנֵי הָעֲנָק long-necked (tall) men, early giant people about Hebron and in Philistia, Ενακ, Εναχ, Joshua 15:14 (JE) = Judges 1:20, without art. Numbers 13:33 (JE), Deuteronomy 9:2; also יְלִידַי הָע׳ Numbers 13:22, Numbers 13:28; Joshua 15:14 (all JE); called also עֲנָקִים long-necks, Ενακειμ, Joshua 14:12, Joshua 14:15 (JE), Joshua 11:21, Joshua 11:22 (D), Deuteronomy 2:10, Deuteronomy 2:11, Deuteronomy 2:21 + Jeremiah 47:5 (read עֲנָקִים for MT עִמְקָם), and perhaps I Chronicles 12:16 (v. עֵמֶק ad fin.); בְּנֵי עֲנָקִים I Chronicles 1:28 (𝔊 γίγαντες, cf. Numbers 13:33), Numbers 9:2; עֲנָק later (erron.) as eponym. ancestor of Anaḳim Joshua 15:13 = עֲנוֹק Joshua 21:11 (both P).—Vid. especially Mey^{ZAW i (1881), 139} GFM Judges 1:10, Judges 1:20 Che^{Ency. Bib. ANAK}.

עֲנָק²

n.m. ^{Song of Songs 4:9} necklace, neck-pendant (Aramaism according to Lag^{BN 175});—abs. ע׳ Song of Songs 4:9 appar. part of necklace, perhaps neck-pendant; pl. עֲנָקוֹת Judges 8:26 (ornament of camels), עֲנָקִים Proverbs 1:9 (of youth; in fig.).

עָנֵר

n.pr.

appar. m. ally of Abram Genesis 14:13, Genesis 14:24, Αυναν; cf. אֶשְׁכּוֹל, מַמְרֵא.

loc. in Manasseh I Chronicles 6:55 Αμαρ, 𝔊L Ανηρ.

עֹ֫נֶשׁ

n.[m.] indemnity, fine;—וַיִּתֶּן־ע׳ עַל־הָאָרֶץ II Kings 23:33; of individual נֹשֵׂא ע׳ Proverbs 19:19.

עֲנָת

n.pr.m. father of Shamgar Judges 3:31; Judges 5:6, Αναθ (Δειναχ, Κεναθ);—v. also בֵּית עֲנוֹת, ב׳ עֲנָת (cf. Tel Am. n. pr. Anati, Wkl^{125, 43}; Assyrian n. pr. deae Anatu (Jastr^{Rel. Bab. 153}; hence) in Syria and Ph.—also Egypt—ענת (Muss-Arnolt^{JBL xi (1892), 80} Pietschmann^{Phön. 149 f.} Hal^{JAs. 7, x (1877), 374; xiii (1879), 208})).

עֲנָתוֹת

and (I Kings 2:26) עֲנָתֹת n.pr. Αναθωθ;

loc. (cf. goddess Anat, ref. sub foregoing);—Isaiah 10:30; I Kings 2:26; Jeremiah 1:1; Jeremiah 11:21, Jeremiah 11:23; Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:9 Joshua 21:18 (P), I Chronicles 6:45; Ezra 2:23 = Nehemiah 7:26; Nehemiah 11:32; mod. ʿAnâtâ, c. 3 miles NNE. from Jerusalem, cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 175} GASm^{Geogr. 315}.

m.

I Chronicles 7:8.

Nehemiah 10:20.

עָסִיס

n.m. ^{Joel 1:5} sweet wine (proposes pressed out juice);—abs. ע׳ Amos 9:13 (v. Dr and reff.), Joel 1:5; Joel 4:18; in sim. Isaiah 49:26; cstr. עֲסִיס רִמֹּנִי Song of Songs 8:2.

עפאים

Kt, עֳפָיִם Qr n.[m.]pl. foliage (cf. Ges^{§93 z}; Aramaic loan-word, 𝔗 עָפְיָא foliage, Syriac ܥܘܽܦܝܳܐ flower, branch);—Psalms 104:12.

עֹ֫פֶל

n. [m.] mound, hill, only as acropolis;—ע׳ abs. II Kings 5:24 +, cstr. Micah 4:8;—fortified mound or hill within city, of Jerus. (cf. Rob^{BR i. 267} GuZPV^{v (1882), 326}) Micah 4:8; Isaiah 32:14; S. end of eastern hill Nehemiah 3:26; Nehemiah 11:21; II Chronicles 33:14 חוֹמַת הָע׳ Nehemiah 3:27; II Chronicles 27:3 (cf. חמת העפל in קרחה MI^21.22); of Samaria II Kings 5:24.

עֹ֫פֶל²

n.m. I Samuel 6:4 hemorrhoid;—only pl. Kt (בָּ)עֳפָלִים Deuteronomy 28:27; I Samuel 5:6, I Samuel 5:9, I Samuel 5:12; cstr. עָפְלֵי I Samuel 6:4; sf. עָפְלֵיכֶם v I Samuel 6:5; Qr in all (ב)טְחֹרִים, טְחֹרֵי, טְחֹרֵיכֶם, v. [טְחוֹר].

עָפָר

n.m. ^{Leviticus 14:42} dry earth, dust;—abs. ע׳ Genesis 2:7 +, cstr. עֲפַר Genesis 13:16 +; sf. עֲפָרֵךְ Ezekiel 26:12, עֲפָרוֹ Deuteronomy 9:21, etc.; pl. cstr. עַפְרֹת Job 28:6; Proverbs 8:26;—

lit.:

dry, loose earth, thrown (in malice) II Samuel 16:13 (‖ אֲבָנִים); וַיַּעֲלוּ ע׳ עַל־רֹאשׁ Joshua 7:6 (JE; sign of grief), so Ezekiel 27:30; Lamentations 2:10, and (c. זָרַק) Job 2:12; loose earth (on surface of ground) I Kings 18:38; Amos 2:7; Isaiah 34:7, Isaiah 34:9; Leviticus 17:13 (H) Ezekiel 24:7 (in fig.), Numbers 5:17; Job 14:19; Job 38:38; Job 39:14; Genesis 26:15 (R), made into siege works Habakkuk 1:10; of sand-storm Deuteronomy 28:24 (+ אָבָק); as serpent’s food, token of punishment and humiliation, Genesis 3:14 (J) Isaiah 65:25 (cf. Micah 7:17 2 e infr.); זׄחֲלֵי ע׳ Deuteronomy 32:24 (poem; cf. 2 e).

specif. as material of human body Genesis 2:7; Genesis 3:19 (J), Ecclesiastes 3:20, cf. Job 4:19; Job 8:19 Psalms 103:14, to which it returns (שׁוּב אֶל־) Genesis 3:19; Job 10:9 Psalms 104:29 Ecclesiastes 3:20; so (c. עַל) Job 34:15; Ecclesiastes 12:7.

= surface of ground Exodus 8:12, Exodus 8:13^(×2) (P; ע׳ הָאָרֶץ), Job 19:25; Isaiah 25:12; Isaiah 26:5 (both ‖ אֶרֶץ), surface of (whole) earth Job 41:25, מְחִלוֹת ע׳ Isaiah 2:19 (for hiding), so ע׳ alone v Isaiah 2:10, cf. חֹרֵי ע׳ Job 30:6; = soil, Job 5:6; Job 7:5; Job 14:8.

powder of anything pulverized Deuteronomy 9:21^(×2) (cf. דָּ֑ק ‖ Exodus 32:20), II Kings 23:6^(×2), II Kings 23:12, II Kings 23:15, so in sim. II Samuel 22:43 = Psalms 18:43, hence = ashes v Psalms 18:4; Numbers 19:17.

debris, of ruined city I Kings 20:10; Ezekiel 26:4, Ezekiel 26:12; Nehemiah 3:34; Nehemiah 4:4 Psalms 102:15. The foll. are late:

earth of the grave: לֶע׳ אֶשְׁכַּב Job 7:21, so (c. עַל) Job 20:11; Job 21:26, cf. Job 17:16; יוֹרְדֵי ע׳ Psalms 22:30, שֹׁכְנֵי ע׳ Isaiah 26:19, יְשֵׁנֵי אַדְמַת־ע׳ Daniel 12:2; עֲפַר־מָוֶת Psalms 22:16; ע׳ in fig. Psalms 30:10.

mortar (i.e. dried mud) for plastering houses Leviticus 14:41, Leviticus 14:42, Leviticus 14:45 (P).

(iron-) ore Job 28:2; עַפְרֹת זָהָב v Job 28:6 golddust (but v. סַפִּיר).

material of earth Isaiah 40:12, cf. ראֹשׁ עַפְרֹת תֵּבֵל Proverbs 8:26 the first of the earth- particles of the world.

fig.:

of abundance Genesis 13:16^(×2); Genesis 28:14 (all J) II Chronicles 1:9; Job 27:16 Psalms 78:27 (‖ חוֹל יַמִּים), cf. עֲפַר יַעֲקֹב Numbers 23:10 (JE); with added idea of commonness, worthlessness Zephaniah 1:17; Zechariah 9:3.

of worthlessness (alone) Job 22:24.

sim. of the scattered, dispersed II Kings 13:7; כֶּע׳ Isaiah 41:2 (so van d. H. Ginsb; Baer כֵּע׳; on meaning v. Du Che, reading תְּשִׂימֵם for יִתֵּן).

of self-abasement Genesis 18:27 (+ אֵפֶר), וְנִחַמְתִּי עַל־ע׳ וָאֵפֶר Job 42:6, יִתֵּן בֶּע׳ פִּיהוּ Lamentations 3:29.

of humiliation (sitting or lying in dust) Isaiah 29:4; Isaiah 47:1; Micah 1:10; Job 16:15; Job 40:13 Psalms 7:6; Psalms 44:26; Psalms 119:25, sim. Job 30:19; licking dust Psalms 72:9 Isaiah 49:23; Micah 7:17, cf. TelAm. tikalu ipra (of enemies, v. Wkl^{Altor. Forsch. iii. 291}; also of serpent 1 a supr.); of י׳ raising from the dust I Samuel 2:8 = Psalms 113:7, I Kings 16:2; of lifting oneself Isaiah 52:2.

עֶפְרוֹן

n.pr. Εφρων:—

m. Hittite, Abr.’s time, according to Genesis 23:8, Genesis 23:10^(×2), Genesis 23:13, Genesis 23:16, Genesis 23:17; Genesis 49:29, עֶפְרֹן Genesis 23:6; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13 (all P).

loc. II Chronicles 13:19 Kt (עֶפְרַיִן Qr), cf. עָפְרָה 1 a.

mont. הַר־ע׳, on N. border of Judah Joshua 15:9.

עֶפְרַ֫יִן

II Chronicles 13:19 Qr v. עֶפְרוֹן 2.

עֹפֶרֶת

n.m. ^{Jeremiah 6:29}^{(si vera l. Qr)} lead (√ dub.; prob. foreign word; cf. 𝔗 אֲבָרָא lead, Syriac ܐܰܒܳܪܳܐ, and (as Aramaic loan-word) Arabic أَبَار [v. Dozy], Frä¹⁵²; perhaps also Assyrian abaru, a metal, magnesite according to Hilpr^{Assyriaca i (1894), 80 ff.} Hpt^{1b. 83});—כִּכַּר ע׳ Zechariah 5:7 a round weight (disc) of lead, אֶבֶן־הָעו׳ v Zechariah 5:5; with other metals (v. בְּדִיל): עוֹ׳ Ezekiel 22:18, Ezekiel 22:20; Ezekiel 27:12, הָעֹפָ֑רֶת Numbers 31:22 (P); עֹפ׳ also Job 19:24 (with which chiselled letters are filled according to Di and most; Bu reads בְּע׳ in [a tablet of] lead); also (as flux) Jeremiah 6:29 (reading Qr; so Gf Co; emend. Gie); עוֹ׳ in sim. Exodus 15:10 (song).

עֵץ

עֶ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain, hurt, toil;—

ע׳ pain Genesis 3:16 (of travail), Proverbs 10:22.

hurt (of mind), דְּבַר־ע׳ Proverbs 15:1 a word that hurts (opp. מַעֲנֶה־רַךְ).

toil Proverbs 14:23; pl. לֶחֶם הָעֲצָבִים Psalms 127:2 bread of (gained by) toils; sf. עֲצָבֶיךָ Proverbs 5:10.

עֹ֫צֶב

n.[m.] pain;—ע׳ I Chronicles 4:9 (cf. travail); דֶּרֶךְ־ע׳ Psalms 139:24 hurtful way (of any wicked habit; > 𝔗 Thes way of idolatry; ii. עֹצֶב); sf. עָצְבְּךָ Isaiah 14:3 of the pain of exile.

עֶ֫צֶב²

n.m. vessel (as fashioned);—ע׳ נִבְזֶה וגו׳ Jeremiah 22:28 a vessel despised, etc. (fig. of Coniah = Jehoiachin).

עֹ֫צֶב²

n.m. idol;—sf. עָצְבִּי Isaiah 48:5.

עָצָה

vb. shut (Ar. (و et ى) غَضَا iv. shut eyes; Ethiopic ዐጸወ shut door);—

Pt. act. עֹצֶה עֵינָיו Proverbs 16:30 he that shuts his eyes (SS cp. עצּם [Isaiah 29:10], which Gr reads).

עֵץ²

n.m. Genesis 2: Genesis 9 tree, trees, wood;—ע׳ abs. Genesis 3:3 +, cstr. Genesis 3:24 +, עֵץ־ Genesis 2:16 +; sf. עֵצְיךָ Deuteronomy 28:42, etc.; pl. עֵצִים Judges 9:8 +, cstr. עֲצֵי Isaiah 7:2 +, sf. עֵצֶיךָ Deuteronomy 29:10, עֵצֵינוּ Lamentations 5:4, etc.;—

(c. 150 times)

a standing tree Genesis 18:4, Genesis 18:8 (J) +, Exodus 15:25 (J; of shrub?), Jeremiah 17:18 = Psalms 1:3 (sim.); to be felled Deuteronomy 19:5; II Kings 6:6; הָעֵצִים (appar. incl. vine and bramble) in allegory Judges 9:8 + 6 times Judges 9; עֵץ הַחַיִּים †Genesis 2:9; Genesis 3:22, Genesis 3:24 (J), cf. ע׳ חַיִּים, fig. of source of (life and) happiness †Proverbs 3:18; Proverbs 11:30; Proverbs 13:12; Proverbs 15:4; ע׳ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע Genesis 2:9, Genesis 2:16 (J); עֲצֵי (ה)יַעַר Isaiah 7:2 (sim.), Isaiah 44:14; Ezekiel 15:2 +; עֲצֵי הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 55:12; Ezekiel 17:24 (fig.), +; עֲצֵי לְבָנוֹן II Chronicles 2:7; עֲצֵי־מַיִם †Ezekiel 31:14; עֲצֵי י׳ †Psalms 104:16; עֲצֵי עֵדֶן †Ezekiel 31:9, Ezekiel 31:16, Ezekiel 31:18^(×2); עֲצֵי לְבוֹנָה Song of Songs 4:14; of vine עֵץ הַגֶּפֶן †Ezekiel 15:2, Ezekiel 15:6; תַּחַת כָּל־עֵץ רַעֲנָ֑ן place of illicit worship †Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:6, Jeremiah 3:13; I Kings 14:23; II Kings 16:4; II Kings 17:10; Ezekiel 6:13; Isaiah 57:5; II Chronicles 28:4, cf. עַל־עֵץ רַעֲנָן Jeremiah 17:2; כָּל־עֵץ עָבֹת Ezekiel 20:28.

coll. trees, עֵץ־הַגָּן Genesis 2:16; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:2, Genesis 3:8 (all J); usually later, ע׳ Genesis 1:12, Genesis 1:29^(×2) (P), +; עֵץ פְּרִי fruit-bearing trees Genesis 1:11 (P), Psalms 148:9, cf. Ecclesiastes 2:5, פְּרִי עֵץ Exodus 10:15 (J), Ezekiel 36:30 Leviticus 23:40 (H), cf. Joel 2:22; עֵץ־מַאֲכָל Deuteronomy 20:20; Leviticus 19:23 (H), Ezekiel 47:12; Nehemiah 9:25; עֵץ הַזַּיִת Haggai 2:19 olive trees, עֵץ שֶׁמֶן Nehemiah 8:15, עֵץ־שָׁ֑מֶן Isaiah 41:19; סֲבָךְ־עֵץ Psalms 74:5 thicket of trees; עֵץ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:25 (J), +; עֵץ הַיַּעַר †Ezekiel 15:6, cf. Isaiah 10:19; Isaiah 44:23; כִּימֵי הָעֵץ Isaiah 65:22 (sim. of great age).

pl. of trees felled for building, I Kings 5:20, I Kings 5:32 (+ אֲבָנִים); עֲצֵי אֲרָזִים II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 + 7 times; עֲצֵי בְרוֹשׁים I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:24; I Kings 9:11; (אַלְגּ׳) עֲצֵי אַלְמֻגִּים, v. אַלְגּ׳ p. 38 supr.

(c. 175 times; c. 120 times pl., to denote pieces [or articles] of wood)

wood, as material; for building, II Kings 12:13 (+ אַבְנֵי מַחְצֵב), II Kings 22:6 = II Chronicles 34:11 (both + id.), Nehemiah 2:8 +; עֲצֵי שָׁ֑מֶן I Kings 6:23, I Kings 6:31, I Kings 6:33 cf. v II Kings 6:32; עֲצֵי־גֹּפֶר Genesis 6:14 (Noah’s ark), עֲצֵי שִׁטּים Exodus 25:5, Exodus 25:10 + 20 times Ex (of tabern. and its furniture; all P) Deuteronomy 10:3; מִגְדַּל־עֵץ Nehemiah 8:4; מוֹטֹת עֵץ Jeremiah 28:13 (in fig.; opp. מ׳ בַּרְזֶל); כְּלִי־עֵץ article of wood Leviticus 11:32; Leviticus 15:12 Numbers 31:20, cf. Numbers 35:18 (all P). Hence

עֵצִים = articles of wood Exodus 7:19 (P; ‖ אֲבָנִים), I Chronicles 29:2; so עֲצֵי בְרוֹשִׁים II Samuel 6:5 (but v. בְּרוֹשׁ ad fin.); specif. הָעֵץ = helve of axe Deuteronomy 19:5; עֵץ חֲנִית(וֹ) I Samuel 17:7 Qr (Kt חֵץ) = I Chronicles 20:5; II Samuel 21:19; II Samuel 23:7; עֲצֵי הָעֲגָלָה I Samuel 6:14 (i.e. wood of which cart was made), עֲצֵי הָאֲשֵׁרָה Judges 6:26; especially timbers of a house Zechariah 5:4; Habakkuk 2:11; Leviticus 14:45, of a city I Kings 15:22 = II Chronicles 16:5; Ezekiel 26:12; עֵץ of pole on which bodies of slain (criminals and others) were exposed (perhaps orig. tree) Genesis 40:19 (E), Joshua 8:29^(×2); Joshua 10:26^(×2), Joshua 10:27 (all JE), Deuteronomy 21:22, Deuteronomy 21:23; late (in Pers.) used for executing criminals (? by hanging = gallows), תָּלָה עַל־עֵץ Esther 2:23 + 8 times Est.

of idols, עֵץ וָאֶבֶן Deuteronomy 4:28; Deuteronomy 28:36, Deuteronomy 28:64; Deuteronomy 29:16; II Kings 19:18 = Isaiah 37:19; Ezekiel 20:32, cf. Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 3:9; Habakkuk 2:19; so עֵץ alone Hosea 4:12; Isaiah 40:20, cf. Isaiah 44:19; Isaiah 45:20; אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל־עֵץ Deuteronomy 16:21.

(fire-)wood Joshua 9:23, Joshua 9:27 (J), v Joshua 9:21 (P), Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 30:33 +, read עֵצִים also Ezekiel 24:5 (for MT עצמים Bö Ew Sm Co Berthol Toy; especially for sacrifices I Kings 18:23^(×2) +, Genesis 22:7, Genesis 22:9^(×2) Leviticus 1:7 + 6 times Lv (all P), II Samuel 24:22 ‖ I Chronicles 21:23, +; עֲצֵי עוֹלָה Genesis 22:3, Genesis 22:6 (P).

עֵץ (הָ)אֶרֶז cedar-wood, used in purifications Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Numbers 19:6 (all P).

פִּשְׁתֵּי הָעֵץ Joshua 2:6 woody-flax, i.e. flax on the stalk.—Jeremiah 10:8 Gie proposes הֶבֶל מֹעֲצֹתָו for MT הֲבָלִים עֵץ הוּא.—מֹאֶסֶת כָּל־עֵץ Ezekiel 21:15 is dub., Sm proposes מָאַסְתָּ כָל־עֵץ, Co מֹאֲסֵי כָל־עֹוֹ, Berthol וּמְאַסֵּף כָּל־עַז; Siegf^Kau Toy leave untranslated.

עֵצָה²

n.f.coll. trees Jeremiah 6:6, but read עֵצָהּ (עֵץ c. sf. 3 fs.), so Orient. Codd. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Hi Gf—1. עֵצָה v. sub. יָעַץ.

עָצֵל

vb.

be sluggish (NH in der. species, and deriv.; cf. Arabic عَظِلَ iii. stick fast in coitu, Lane²⁰⁸⁶; Syriac ܥܛܶܠ be stupid);—Impf. 2 mpl. אַל־תֵּעָֽצְלוּ לָלֶכֶת Judges 18:9 be not sluggish in going.

עָצֵל²

adj. sluggish, lazy;—always ע׳ abs.;—אִישׁ־ע׳ Proverbs 24:30; elsewhere subst. sluggard Proverbs 6:6, Proverbs 6:9 + 10 times Pr + הֶע׳ Proverbs 10:26.

עַצְלָה

n.f. sluggishness;—ע׳ Proverbs 19:15; du. intens. עֲצַלְתַּיִם Ecclesiastes 10:18 double (i.e. great) sluggishness (so Thes De al.; read then perhaps עַצְלָתַיִם; > from עָצֵל a sluggish pair, i.e. hands Ew al.), but improb.; ‖ שִׁפְלוּת יָדַיִם, whence Bi conj. עַצְלוּת, Siegf עַצְלַת יָדַיִם.

עַצְלוּת

n.f. id.;—לֶחֶם ע׳ Proverbs 31:27.

עָצְמָה

n.f. might;—Isaiah 40:29 (‖ כֹּחַ) Isaiah 47:9; Nahum 3:9.

עֶ֫צֶם

n.f. Psalms 35:10; Job 19:20 (c. pron. masc. Ezekiel 37:5, Ezekiel 37:6 etc., cf. Albr.^{ZAW xvi (1896), 73}) bone, substance, self;—abs. ע׳ Genesis 2:23 +; עָ֑צֶם Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 16:24; cstr. עֶצֶם Exodus 24:10 +; sf. עַצְמִי Job 19:20 +, etc.; pl. עֲצָמוֹת II Kings 23:16 +; cstr. עַצְמוֹת Joshua 24:22 +; sf. עַצְמֹתַי Job 4:14 +, etc.; also עֲצָמִים Ezekiel 24:4 +, sf. עֲצָמַי Genesis 2:23 +, etc.;—

bone:

of living pers. Micah 3:2, Micah 3:3 (hyperb.), Job 10:11; Job 19:20 Lamentations 4:8 Psalms 102:6; Ecclesiastes 11:5 +; fig. of close relationship †עֶצֶם מֵעֲצָמַי Genesis 2:23, cf. Genesis 29:14 (both J), Judges 9:2; II Samuel 5:1 = I Chronicles 11:1; II Samuel 19:13, II Samuel 19:14 (all + בָּשָׂר).

ע׳ + בָּשָׂר = body, Job 2:5; pl. = bodily frame Jeremiah 20:9 (sim.), limbs, members, לַעֲצָמֶיהָ Judges 19:29 i.e. limb by limb (GFM); as seat of vigour Job 20:11, etc.

(poet.) as seat of disease and pain Job 30:17, Job 30:30 and (especially of personif. Isr.) Psalms 22:15; Psalms 31:11; Psalms 102:4; Lamentations 1:13; Habakkuk 3:16 +.

pl. as representing entire person = one’s whole being, (especially of personif. Isr.) Psalms 6:3 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Psalms 6:4), Psalms 35:10 (‖ נֶפֶשׁ v Psalms 35:9), Isaiah 66:14; of individ. (incl. physical and moral) Proverbs 3:8; Proverbs 14:30; Proverbs 15:30; Proverbs 16:24.

sg. = external body Lamentations 4:7 Ew Th al., but dub.; Bi Bu bones (= branches) of coral (פְּנִינִים); Löhr עוֹרָם their skin. f. especially of dead Numbers 19:16, Numbers 19:18 (P), Ezekiel 37:1 +; often (pl.) = remains Amos 6:10; Genesis 50:25; Exodus 13:19^(×2); Joshua 24:32 (all E) II Samuel 21:12, II Samuel 21:13 +.

bone of animal Exodus 12:46 Numbers 9:12 (both P); Ezekiel 24:4, Ezekiel 24:5 (symbol.); of (living) hippopot. Job 40:18.

sg. substance, self (cf. גֶּרֶם 3): כְּע׳ הַשָּׁמַיִם Exodus 24:10 (JE), like the substance of the sky = the sky itself; בְּע׳ תֻּמּוֹ Job 21:23 i.e. full prosperity; especially אֶת־ע׳ הַיוֹם הַזֶּה Ezekiel 24:2 this selfsame day, בְּע׳ וגו׳ Ezekiel 24:2; Ezekiel 40:1; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 17:23, Genesis 17:26; Exodus 12:17, Exodus 12:41, Exodus 12:51; Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:28, Leviticus 23:29, Leviticus 23:30 Deuteronomy 32:48; Joshua 5:11 (all P) Ezekiel 40:1, עַד־ע׳ וגו׳ Ezekiel 2:3; Leviticus 23:14 (P), Joshua 10:27 (R).—Ezekiel 24:5 read הָעֵצִים (Bö Ew al.); v Ezekiel 24:10 del. הָעֲצָמוֹת (Co Toy); Job 7:15 read מֵעַצְּבוֹתָ֑י (Reiske Me Bu Du al.); Psalms 53:6 read perhaps מֵעֲצַת (cf. ‖ Psalms 14:6 Bae; v. Hup Che al.); Psalms 69:5 read מֵעַצְמוֹתַי (for MT מַצְמִיתַי), 𝔖 Ol Che Bae al.

עֶ֫צֶם²

n.pr.loc. Ασομ, etc., in Negeb of Judah, עָ֑צֶם Joshua 15:29, Simeon Joshua 19:3 I Chronicles 4:29 (עֶצֶם).

עָצוּם

31 adj. mighty, numerous;—ע׳ Genesis 18:18 +, pl. עֲצוּמִים Isaiah 8:7 +, עֲצֻמִים Micah 4:3 +; sf. עֲצוּמָין Psalms 10:Psalms 10;—

mighty, especially of people, strong in numbers (often ‖ רַב, גָּדוֹל) Genesis 18:18; Exodus 1:9; Numbers 14:12; Numbers 22:6 JE; Deuteronomy 4:38 + 6 times D, Micah 4:3, Micah 4:7 Zechariah 8:22; Isaiah 60:22 (opp. צָעִיר), of locusts Joel 1:6; Joel 2:2, Joel 2:5, cf. v Joel 2:11; so of חַיִל Daniel 11:25; עַם לֹא עָצוּם, i.e. feeble Proverbs 30:26 (of the שָׁפָן); less often of individ. מְלָכִים ע׳ Psalms 135:10; of waters Isaiah 8:7; ע׳ alone Proverbs 18:18 the mighty, Daniel 8:24; Psalms 10:10 his mighty ones (i.e. claws, of lion).

numerous, countless (all ‖ רַב): Amos 5:12 Psalms 35:18; as subst. = many Isaiah 53:12; Proverbs 7:26.

עָצַר

vb. restrain, retain (NH id.; cf. prob. Assyrian eṣêru, retain, restrain, Dl^{HWB 122} Jäger^{BAS i.483} Zehnpfund^ib.500* cf. Assyrian uṣurtu, taboo SAC^{JA, 1904, 754}.; Ethiopic ዐጸረ: press, Arabic عَصَرَ; 𝔗 עֲצַר, Syriac ܥܨܰܪ id.);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Genesis 20:18 +, sf. עֲצָרַנִי Genesis 16:2; 1 s. עָצַרְתִּי Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעְצֹר I Samuel 9:17 +, יַעְצָר־ II Chronicles 2:5; sf. יַעֲצָרְכָה I Kings 18:44, etc.; Inf. abs. עָצֹר Genesis 20:18, cstr. לַעְצֹר II Chronicles 22:9, וַעְצֹר Job 4:2 (Ges^{§ 28 b}); Pt. pass. עָצוּר Jeremiah 33:1 +, etc.;—

restrain, c. acc. pers. Genesis 16:2 (J; + מִן, i.e. prevent), עָצֹר עָצַר בְּעַד כָּל־רֶחֶם Genesis 20:18 (E), cf. abs. Isaiah 66:9 (opp. מוֹלִיד); sq. inf. II Kings 4:24; c. acc. pers. alone I Kings 18:44 hinder, stop; c. acc. of sky (hindering rain) Deuteronomy 11:17; II Chronicles 7:13; pt. pass. abs. shut up, or hindered (for reasons not given) Jeremiah 36:5; Nehemiah 6:10 (? by a vow, or by ceremonial uncleanness, cf. RS^{Sem i. 436 f., 2nd ed. 455 f.}); = shut up (c. ב, in prison) II Kings 17:4, pt. pass. Jeremiah 33:1; Jeremiah 39:15, fig. Jeremiah 20:9; on עָצוּר וְעָזוּב (5 times), v. I. עזב; עֲצֻרָה לָנוּ I Samuel 21:6 women have been kept away with ref. to us (cf. RS^l.c.); עָצוּר מִפְּנֵי I Chronicles 12:1 kept away from before Saul; = detain, c. acc. Judges 13:15, Judges 13:16; in Jb c. בְּ, ע׳ בְּמִלִּין Job 4:2, cf. Job 29:9, so בַּמַּיִם Job 12:15; ע׳ בְּעַמִּי I Samuel 9:17 is rule over, etc. (si vera l.); ins. also (with other words) I Samuel 10:1 𝔊 We Dr al.

(late) retain, c. acc. כֹּחַ II Chronicles 13:20; II Chronicles 22:9 Daniel 10:8, Daniel 10:16; Daniel 11:6; + inf. = be able to I Chronicles 29:14 II Chronicles 2:5; om. כֹּחַ II Chronicles 14:10 (+ עִמְּךָ), II Chronicles 20:37 (+ inf.).

be restrained, stayed, of plague: Pf. 3 fs. נֶעֱצָ֑רָה Numbers 17:15; Impf. 3 fs. תֵּעָצַר II Samuel 24:21 = I Chronicles 21:22, וַתֵּעָצַר Numbers 17:13; Numbers 25:8 (P) II Samuel 24:25 Psalms 106:30; be shut up (of sky), Inf. cstr. בְּהֵעָצֵר I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26; be under restraint or detention Pt. נֶעְצָר I Samuel 21:8 + לִפְנֵי י׳ (? i.e. kept by a vow, cf. HPS and Nehemiah 6:10 supr.).

עֶ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint (?), only יוֹרֵשׁ ע׳ Judges 18:7 a possessor of restraint, i.e. ruler, but 𝔊 𝔙 wealth, so Thes al., text very dub., cf. GFM; Bu conj. that ע׳ combines readings אֹצָר and עֹשֶׁר.

עֹ֫צֶר

n.[m.] restraint, coercion;—ע׳ abs.: מֵע׳ וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט Isaiah 53:8 from (as a result of) coercion and judgment he was taken off; cstr. ע׳ רָעָה Psalms 107:39; ע׳ רָ֑חַם Proverbs 30:16 restraint of womb, barrenness (so Psalms 107:39 Perles^{Anal. 85}).

עֲצָרָה

n.f. assembly (?as confined, held in);—abs. עֲצָרָה Isaiah 1:13 + 2 times; עֲצֶ֫רֶת Deuteronomy 16:8 + 3 times, עֲצָ֑רֶת II Chronicles 7:9; cstr. עֲצֶ֫רֶת Jeremiah 9:1; pl. sf. עַצְרֹתֵיכֶם Amos 5:21;—

sacred assembly, rejected by י׳, Isaiah 1:13 and (at Bethel, etc.) Amos 5:21; for Baal II Kings 10:20; Deuteronomy 16:8 (last day of Maṣṣoth), Leviticus 23:36 (P), Numbers 29:35 (P), Nehemiah 8:18 (all of day after feast of booths), cf. II Chronicles 7:9 [NH of feast of weeks, 𝔗 עֲצַרְתָּא Jos^{Ant. iii. 10, 6} Ἀσάρτα]; occasional, Joel 1:14; Joel 2:15.

assemblage, company (in gen.), ע׳ בֹּגְדִים Jeremiah 9:1 an assemblage of deceivers (Gr עֲדַת; Che חֶבְרַת).

עָקֵב

n.m. heel, footprint, hinderpart (Arabic عَقِبٌ heel, fig. end (of a month), عِقْبَةٌ mark, sign, trace; Aramaic עִקְבָּא, ܥܩܶܒ heel, footprint, fig. trace, mark (cf. Wsd 2:4 𝔖, Ecclus 13:26 ℌ 𝔖), also end, extremity);—ע׳ abs. Genesis 3:15 +, cstr. עֲקֵב Genesis 25:26, pl. cstr. עִקְבֵי Song of Songs 1:8, עִקְּבֵי Genesis 49:17; Judges 5:22, עִקְּבוֹת Psalms 77:20; Psalms 89:52, etc.;—

heel, of man, Genesis 25:26 וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב אָחִיו, as obj. of attack from behind, Genesis 3:15 וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב, Job 18:9 יֹאחֵז בְּע׳ פַּח, Jeremiah 13:22 נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָ֑יִךְ are treated violently, i.e. are rudely exposed (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ); as instrument of attack, Psalms 41:10 הִגְדִּיל עָלַי עָ׳ hath made great the heel against me, i.e. given me insidiously great fall (fig. for, taken some cruel advantage of me; cf. ὑποσκελίζω); of an animal, Genesis 49:17 הַנּשֵׁךְ עִקְּבֵי סוּס, Judges 5:22.

mark of heel, footprint, Song of Songs 1:8) צְאִי־לָךְ בְּעִקְבֵי הַצֹּאן, Psalms 56:7 יִשְׁמְרוּ עַקִבַי they mark my footprints, i.e. watch me insidiously wherever I go, Psalms 89:52 אֲשֶׁר חֵֽרְפוּ עִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ i.e. followed him mockingly, of י׳ (fig.) Psalms 77:20 עִקְּבוֹתֶיךָ לֹא נוֹדָ֑עו thy footprints were not known (the waters closing over them).

hinder-part, rear (of a troop of men), Genesis 49:Genesis 19 וְהוּא יָגוּד עָקֵב׃ (read עֲקִבָם׃ אָשֵׁר) he will troop on their rear, Joshua 8:13 עֲקֵבוֹ (cf. Di).

עָקַב

vb. follow at the heel, fig. assail insidiously, circumvent, overreach (denom. from עָקֵ; cf. Arabic عَقَبَ follow (at the heel), succeed, iii. bring consequence on, i.e. punish, Qor 22:59, iv. make to follow, i.e. reward or punish, عَاقِبَةٌ end, final lot 6:11, reward 6:136; ܥܩܰܒ hold back (rare), follow, Pa. investigate, search out: Ethiopic ዐቀበ is keep, guard);—

Pf. 3 ms. Hosea 12:4 בַּבֶּטֶן עָקַב אֶת־אָחִיו he attacked his brother at the heel (cf. Genesis 25:26 sub עָקֵב); Impf. 3 ms. Genesis 27:36 הֲכִי קָרָא שְׁמוֹ יַעֲקֹב וַיַּעְקְבֵנִי זֶה פַעֲמַיִם and he hath overreached me now twice; + Inf. abs. Jeremiah 9:3 כָּל־אָח עָקוֹב יַעֲקֹב surely overreacheth (‖ רָכִיל יַהֲלֹךְ). [𝔊 πτερνίζω, to attack with the heel; but this dub. In ‘supplant,’ also, the fig. is a different one.]

Job 37:4 וְלֹא יְעַקְּבֵם, dub.; poss. attack at the heel (cf. זִנֵּב), hence fig. hold back; more prob. read וְלֹא יְעַכְּבֵם holdeth them not back (sc. בְּרָקָיו his lightnings), when his voice is heard, from עִכֵּב to hold back (common in NH; 𝔗 עַכֵּב).

עָקֵב²

adj. verb. overreacher, Psalms 49:6 עֲוֹן עֲקֵבַי יְסֻבֵנִי i.e. of those who would take some insidious advantage of me.

עָקֹב

adj.

insidious, deceitful, Jeremiah 17:9 עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל.

foot-tracked (denom. from i. עָקֵב) Hosea 6:8 גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם.

עָקֹב²

adj. steep, hilly (v. √; cf. عَقَبَةٌ difficult mountain path, Qor 90:11; ዐቀብ hill);—Isaiah 40:4 והיה הֶעָקֹב לְמִישׁוֹר let the steep ground (Ch) become a plain (‖ הָֽרְכָסִים). Cf. Ecclus 6:20.

עֵ֫קֶב

n.[m.] consequence, usually as adv.acc. as a consequence of, because (that), also reward, end (v. sub עָקַב; and cf. عَقِبٌ heel, fig. consequence, result);—

Isaiah 5:23 מַצְדִּיקֵי רָשָׁע עֵקֶב שֹׁחַד (adv. acc.) in consequence of a bribe, Psalms 40:16 (= Psalms 70:4) עַל עֵקֶב בָּשְׁתָּם (pleon.) according to the consequence of their shame, i.e. in consequence of the disgrace falling upon them. Hence as conj. עֵקֶב אֲשֶׁר as a consequence of (the fact) that, because, Genesis 22:18 ע׳ אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ בְּקֹלִי, Genesis 26:5 II Samuel 12:6; so עֵקֶב כִּי II Samuel 12:10; Amos 4:12 ע׳ כִּי זאת אעשׂה לך; עֵקֶב alone, Numbers 14:24, and (sq. impf.) Deuteronomy 7:12 ע׳ תשׁמעון in consequence of your hearkening, etc., Deuteronomy 8:20.

consequence = gain, reward, Psalms 19:12 בְּשָׁמְרָם עֵקֶב רָב, Proverbs 22:4 עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה (וְ)יִרְאַת י׳ עשֶׁר וגו׳.

end (of time), adv. acc., Psalms 119:33 וְאֶצֳּרֶנָּה ע׳ to the end, v Psalms 119:112 לְעוֹלָם ע׳ (cf. Ecclus Psalms 16:3; 𝔗 עִקְבָּא (rare)).

עַקּוּב

n.pr.m. 𝔊B usually (Ι)ακουν[μ], A 𝔊 L Ακ(κ)ουβ:—

descendant of David I Chronicles 3:24.

heads of post-exilic families:

Ezra 2:43 = Nehemiah 7:44.

Ezra 2:45 (si vera l.).

Levites:

I Chronicles 9:17.

Nehemiah 11:19; Nehemiah 12:25.

עָקֹד

adj. striped, streaked;—of Jacob’s goats and sheep; as subst. ע׳ Genesis 30:40 (coll.), pl. עֲקֻדִּים Genesis 31:8^(×2); pl. as attrib. Genesis 30:35, Genesis 30:39, pred. Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:12.

עֲקַלָּתוֹן

adj. crooked (according to Sm^{ZAW iv. 213} constellation Draco);—לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ ע׳ Isaiah 27:1.

עָקַר

vb. denom. pluck or root up;—

Inf. cstr. לַעֲקוֹר c. acc. Ecclesiastes 3:2 (opp. נָטַע).

Impf. 3 fs. עֶקְרוֹן תֵּעָקֵר Zephaniah 2:4 (word-play).

עָקָר

adj. barren;—ע׳ of male Deuteronomy 7:14, עֲקָרָה of female v Deuteronomy 7:14 (mankind and beasts), Exodus 23:26 (E; female); elsewhere of women Genesis 11:30; Genesis 25:21; Genesis 29:31 (all J), Judges 13:2, Judges 13:3; I Samuel 2:5; Job 24:21 Psalms 113:9 (עֲקֶרֶת cstr.); of personif. Zion Isaiah 54:1.

עֶקְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Eḳrȏn, Ακκαρων (in Assyrian Amḳarruna COT^Gloss., Dl^{Pa 289} who proposes עַקָּרוֹן);—Philistine city, one of the famous five, Amos 1:8; Joshua 13:3 (D) + 4 times Jos (P), Judges 1:8 I Samuel 10^(×2) + 5 times 1 S; II Kings 1:2, II Kings 1:3, II Kings 1:6, II Kings 1:16; Jeremiah 25:20; Zephaniah 2:4; Zechariah 9:5, Zechariah 9:7; mod. ʿÁkir Rob^{BR i. 227 ff.} GASm^{Geogr. 193} Buhl^{Geogr. 187 f.}

עִקֵּשׁ

adj. twisted, perverted;—abs. דּוֹד ע׳ וּפְתַלְתֹּל Deuteronomy 32:5 a generation twisted and crooked, לֵבָב ע׳ Psalms 101:4; as n.m. (of one devious in life) the perverted II Samuel 22:27 = Psalms 18:27, Proverbs 22:5, of things Proverbs 8:8; cstr. ע׳ דְּרָכַיִם Proverbs 28:6, ע׳ שְׂפָתָיו Proverbs 19:1, עִקֶּשׁ־לֵב Proverbs 17:20; pl. אָרְחֹתֵיהֶם עִקְּשִׁים Proverbs 2:15 whose ways are twisted; cstr. עִקְּשֵׁי־לֵב Proverbs 11:20.

עִקֵּשׁ²

n.pr.m. a Tekoan II Samuel 23:26 = I Chronicles 11:28; I Chronicles 27:9; Εισκα, Εκκις, etc.

עִקְּשׁוּת

n.f. crookedness:—cstr. ע׳ פֶּה crookedness of mouth Proverbs 4:24; Proverbs 6:12 (cf. עִקֵּשׁ Proverbs 19:1).

עָר

n.pr.loc. in Moab, S. of Arnon (Ηρ Numbers 21:15, elsewhere chiefly Αροηρ);—ע׳ Numbers 21:15; Deuteronomy 2:9, Deuteronomy 2:18, Deuteronomy 2:29; עָר מוֹאָך Numbers 21:28; Isaiah 15:1;—usually interpreted as capital city (עָר = עִיר) of Moab (DHM^{ZMG xxxvii (1883), 398} cp. Sab. ער fortified height, cf. Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. 29} Hal^{Et.Sab. 159}, so Arabic ٱلْعُرُّ, dial. of Yemen); Buhl^{Geogr. 269 f.} thinks name of district S. of Arnon.

עָר²

n.m. only 2 times: עָרֶ֑ךָ I Samuel 28:16 (v. Dr); read צָרֶ֑ךָ thine adversary Klo HPS (al. as altern. with foll.) >עִם רֵעֶ֑ךָ 𝔊 𝔖 𝔗 Th Bu Kit (?) al.; עָרֶיךָ Psalms 139:20 is very dub.; Hup עָלֶיךָ, Ol Che al. שְׁמֶ֑ךָ; Bae leaves untranslated.

עֵר²

v. I. עוּר.

עֵ֫רֶב

n.m. Exodus 12, Exodus 38 mixture, mixed company;—heterogeneous body attached to a people; to Israel Exodus 12:38 (E), Nehemiah 13:3; to Egyptians Jeremiah 25:20 (𝔙 joins to v Jeremiah 25:19, so Gie); to Chaldeans Jeremiah 50:37; in Jeremiah 25:24 del. וְאֵת … הָעֶרֶב as doublet (so Gie, cf. 𝔊); in I Kings 10:15 read עֲרָב (as ‖ II Chronicles 9:14, so Benz Kit al.); Ezekiel 30:5 read prob. id. (Co).

עֵ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] woof (as mixed, interwoven, with warp);—Leviticus 13:48 + 8 times Leviticus 13:13 (all opp. שְׁתִי warp), cf. GFM^{PAOS 1889, clxxviii}.

עָרֹב

n.m. Exodus 8, Exodus 20; prob. swarm (mixture, from incessant, involved motion; Lag^{BN 112} doubts);—of plague of stinging flies, coming in a swarm (v. Di ^Ex) Exodus 8:17^(×2) + 5 times 8 (J), Psalms 78:45; Psalms 105:31.

עָרַב

vb. take on pledge, give in pledge, exchange (NH go surety for (rare); Ph. ערב surety; Old Aramaic ערבא pledge; 𝔗 עֲרַב, Syriac ܥܪܰܒ, go surety for; usually identified with I. ערב—mix, exchange, pledge—but quite uncertain; cf. Buhl^Lex Lag^{BN 203});—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Genesis 44:32 + 4 times; 2 ms. עָרַבְתָּ Proverbs 6:1; Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶעֶרְבֶנּוּ Genesis 43:9; Imv. עֲרֹב Psalms 119:122, sf. עָרְבֵנִי Isaiah 38:14, so Job 17:3 (but v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַעֲרֹב Ezekiel 27:9; Pt. עֹרֵב Proverbs 17:18, etc.;—

c. acc. pers. take on pledge, i.e. go surety for the safety of, Genesis 43:9 (J), Genesis 44:32 (J; + מֵעִם pers.); for the debts of Proverbs 11:15; Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13; of God Isaiah 38;Isaiah 14 go surety for me, Psalms 119:122, so Job 17:3 (si vera l., v. עֵרָבוֹן); acc. pers. om., ע׳ לֵ Proverbs 6:1 go surety to one (in behalf of another, ‖ תָּקַּע לַזָּר כַּפֶּ֑יךָ); c. acc. rei Proverbs 22:26 (‖ תֹּקְעֵי־כָ֑ף.

give in pledge, c. acc. rei Nehemiah 5:3 (i.e. mortgage), fig. ע׳ אֶת־לִבּוֹ Jeremiah 30:21 so ע׳ עֲרֻבָּה לִפְנֵי רֵעֵהוּ Proverbs 17:18 (‖ תֹּקֵעַ כָּ֑ף).

exchange (in trade), c. acc. cogn. מַעֲרָבֵךְ Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27.

recipr.: Imv. הִתְעָ֫רֶב נָא אֶת־אֲדֹנִי II Kings 18:23 exchange pledges (make a bargain) with my lord = Isaiah 36:8.

have fellowship with, בְּ pers., Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעָֽרְבוּ Ezra 9:2; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְעָֽרְבוּ Psalms 106:35; 2 ms. תִּתְעָרָ֑ב c. לְ pers. Proverbs 20:19, c. עִם pers. Proverbs 24:21.

share in, בְּ rei, 3 ms. יִתְעָרַב Proverbs 14:10 in his joy no other shares.

עֲרֻבָּה

n.f. thing exchanged, pledge, token;—sf. עֲרֻבָּתָם I Samuel 17:18 = a token from them, i.e. response, token of welfare, Th Dr al.; abs. as acc. cogn. עָרַב ע׳ Proverbs 17:18 give a pledge.

עֵרָבוֹן

n.[m.] pledge;—נָתַן ע׳ give a pledge Genesis 38:17, Genesis 38:18, לָקַח ע׳ v Genesis 38:20 (all J), receive (back) a pledge (when condition is fulfilled).—Job 17:3 read perhaps עֶרְבֹנִי (for MT עָרְבֵנִי), as obj. of שִׂימָה set my pledge (a surety for me), so Beer Bu al.

עָרַב²

vb. be sweet, pleasing (NH id. (rare); Hiph. Impf. יעריבו Ecclus 40:21; 𝔗 עָרִיב adj. pleasant, sweet);—

Pf. 3 fs. עָֽרְבָה Jeremiah 31:26 my sleep was sweet to me (לִי), וְע׳ שְׁנָתֶ֑ךָ consec. Proverbs 3:24; of offering לֹא ע׳ לי׳ Malachi 3:4; 2 fs. עָרַבְתְּ Ezekiel 16:37 c. עַל pers., to whom thou wast pleasing; 3 pl. לֹא עָֽרְבוּ לִי Jeremiah 6:20 (of sacrif.); Impf. 3 ms. יֶעֱרַב עָלָיו שִׂיחִי Psalms 104:34 let my meditation be pleasing unto him! 3 fs. תֶּעֱרַב לְ Proverbs 13:19 (of realized wish); 3 mpl. לֹא יֶעֶרְבוּ לוֹ Hosea 9:4 (of sacrifice; but Kue Che We GASm Now read יַעַרְכוּ).

עָרֵב

adj. sweet, pleasant;—ע׳ לָאִישׁ לֶחֶם שָׁ֑קֶר Proverbs 20:17; קוֹלֵךְ ע׳ Song of Songs 2:14.

עֲרַב

n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe (cf. Che^{Intr. Is. 129});—בַּעֲרָ֑ב בַּעֲרַב (si vera l.) Isaiah 21:13^(×2) in the steppe (of what we know as N. Arabia); but in v^b Vrss Lo Che Gu^Kau al. בָּעֶרֶב in the evening.

עֲרָבִי

n.gent. of foregoing, steppe-dweller;—Isaiah 13:20; כַּעֲרֶבִי בַּמִּדְבָּר֑ Jeremiah 3:2.

עֲרָב

n.pr.gent.coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia (Wetzst^{Zvölkerpsych. vii. 463 f.}; extended later (so Herod. ^ii.11 etc.) to whole peninsula, cf. Arabic العَرَبُ the Arabs, Bedúwy the people, Doughty^{Arab. Deserta, i. 224}; Sab. ערבן, ערב, אערב CIS ^{iv. p. 123}, Assyrian Aribu, Arubu, Arabi, people in N. Arabia, Dl^{Pa 295 f. 304 f.} COT Jeremiah 25:24; also Urbi Dl^{Pa 305 f.} of nomad ‘Arab’ tribes);—מַלְכֵי ע׳ הַשּׁסֹכְנִים בַּמִּדְבָּר Jeremiah 25:24 (v. i. עֵרֶב), II Chronicles 9:14 + ‖ I Kings 10:15 (v. id.); ע׳ also Ezekiel 27:21 + Ezekiel 30:5 (v. id.); v. especially Nö^Arabia in Ency. Bib.

עַרְבִי

adj.gent. Arabian (in strictly ethnographic sense, Nö^l.c.);—הָע׳ as subst. Nehemiah 2:19 Geshem the Arabian, so Nehemiah 6:1; pl. הָעַרְבִים Nehemiah 4:1 II Chronicles 21:16; II Chronicles 22:1; also (written as NH) הערביים II Chronicles 26:7 (Qr הָעַרְבִים), and even הָעַרְבִיאִים II Chronicles 17:11.

עֲרָבָה

n.f. desert-plain, steppe; abs. ע׳ II Samuel 4:7 +, sf. עַרְבָתָהּ Isaiah 51:3; pl. עֲרָבוֹת Jeremiah 5:6 Psalms 68:5, cstr. עַרְבוֹת II Kings 25:5 +, עַרְבֹת Jeremiah 52:8;—

earliest use:

arid steppe W. of Dead Sea (in S. Judah) I Samuel 23:24, also Ezekiel 47:8; Isaiah 51:3, whence name יָם הָע׳ Joshua 3:6 (JE ‖ יָם הַמֶּלַח), also II Kings 14:25; Deuteronomy 4:29, and (‖ id.) Deuteronomy 3:17 Joshua 12:3 (D); נַחַל הָעֲרָבָה Amos 6:14 must be E. of Dead Sea, si vera l., but read prob. נ׳ מִצְרַיִם v. נַחַל.

Jordan-valley W. of river + adjacent plain; near ford (opp. Jericho) II Samuel 2:29, cf. Joshua 8:14 (JE); also Deuteronomy 11:30; II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 39:4 = Jeremiah 52:7;—II Samuel 15:28; II Samuel 17:16 v. עֲבָרָה.

Jordan-valley E. of river II Samuel 4:7.

in D: a. especially of E. Jordan plain Deuteronomy 1:1 (prob.) Joshua 12:1, Joshua 12:3, E. half of Jordan-valley Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; of entire Jordan-valley (between כִּנֶּרֶת and Dead Sea, mod. El-Ghôr, the Depression) Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 11:2, Joshua 11:16; W. Jordan plain only Joshua 12:8; depression S. of Dead Sea (mod. Wady el-ʿArabah) Deuteronomy 2:8.

in P always pl. cstr. עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב (E. Jordan) Numbers 22:1 + 11 times (v. מוֹאָב); ע׳ יְרֵחוֹ (W. Jordan) Joshua 4:13; Joshua 5:10, also II Kings 25:5 = Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:8.

appar. N. Arabian desert Isaiah 40:3; Isaiah 41:19.

in gen. the steppe (often ‖ מִדְבָּר), Jeremiah 17:6; Jeremiah 50:12 Isaiah 33:9; Isaiah 35:1, Isaiah 35:6; Job 24:5; Job 39:6 Psalms 68:5; זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת Jeremiah 5:6 (fig. of invader); cf. description of Exodus אֶרֶץ עֲרָבָה וְשׁוּחָה Jeremiah 2:6; in sim., of a plain, of future land of Judah Zechariah 14:10.—Vid. Dr Deuteronomy 1:1 ^{and reff.} Buhl^{Geogr. 111}.

עֶ֫רֶב

n.[m. I Samuel 20:5 del. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית v. We Dr al.] (sun)set, evening;—abs. ע׳ II Kings 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Exodus 12:18 +; cstr. עֶרֶב Proverbs 7:9; du. עַרְבַּיִם Exodus 30:8 + 4 times, -בָּ֑יִם Exodus 12:6 + 5 times (all P);—

evening, orig. sunset, and hence perhaps לְעֵת ע׳ at the time of sunset †Genesis 8:11 (J), Genesis 24:11 (J; ‖ לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), II Samuel 11:2 Isaiah 17:14 and (of the day of י׳) Zechariah 14:7, עֵת הָע׳ Joshua 8:29 (JE)†; usually ע׳ alone = time of sunset, evening: בָּע׳ in the evening Genesis 19:1 (J), Genesis 29:23 (E), Exodus 12:18 (P), Deuteronomy 16:6 (+ כְּבוֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ), I Kings 22:35 (cf. ‖ II Chronicles 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 times + בָּע(־)בָּע׳ II Chronicles 13:11^(×2) = every evening; לָע׳ at evening only late: †I Chronicles 16:40; I Chronicles 23:30; II Chronicles 2:3; Ezra 3:3 Psalms 59:7, Psalms 59:1R; Psalms 90:6; Ecclesiastes 11:6†; לִפְנוֹת ע׳ at the turn of evening †Genesis 24:63 (J), Deuteronomy 23:12; ע׳ as adv. acc. Exodus 16:6 (P), Psalms 55:18; as marking duration of impurity, in phr. עַד־הָע׳ Leviticus 11:24 + 30 times P + Leviticus 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement מֵע׳ עַד־ע׳ Leviticus 23:32 (P).

du. in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark (v. Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise Di Exodus 12:6; on form as poss. only expanded pl. v. Ges^{§ 88 c}), †Exodus 12:6; Exodus 16:12; Exodus 29:39, Exodus 29:41; Exodus 30:8; Leviticus 23:5; Numbers 9:3, Numbers 9:5, Numbers 9:11; Numbers 28:4, Numbers 28:8†.

other phrases are: צִלְלֵי ע׳ Jeremiah 6:4 (dist. from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה v Jeremiah 6:5), מִנְחַת (הָ)ע׳ †II Kings 16:15; Ezra 9:4, Ezra 9:5 Psalms 141:2 Daniel 9:21†; זְאֵבֵי ע׳ v. 1. זְאֵב; for all combin. with בֹּקֶר morning, v. ב׳ 1 d, e.

(late poet.) = night, עָ֑רֶב Job 7:4; cf. בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם Proverbs 7:9 (‖ בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה).

עֹרֵב

n.m. ^{Leviticus 11:15} raven;—ע׳ Isaiah 34:11; הָע׳ Genesis 8:7 Leviticus 11:15; Deuteronomy 14:14; Job 38:41; כָּעוֹרֵב Song of Songs 5:11 black as the raven; בְּנֵי עֹרֵב Psalms 147:9, young ravens; pl. abs. הָעֹרְבִים I Kings 17:4, I Kings 17:6; cstr. עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל Proverbs 30:17.

עֲרָבָה²

n.[f.] poplar (populus Euphratica = Arabic غَرَبٌ We in De Gn (Genesis 4), 568 Kersten^{ZPV ii. 209} De Is (Isaiah 4) 44, 4 Löw ^{p. 300 Anm.}; NH עֲרָבָה; √ obscure);—pl. abs. עֲרָבִים עַל־יִבְלֵי־מָ֑יִם Isaiah 44:4, cf. Psalms 137:2; cstr. עַרְבֵי־נָ֑חַל Leviticus 23:40 (H); Job 40:22; נַחַל־הָעֲרָבִים Isaiah 15:7 (a wady in Moab; identification dub., v. conjectures in Buhl^{Geogr. 124}).

עֲרָד

n.pr.loc. Can. city in the Negeb, Αραδ (Egyptian ʿa-ru-dâ WMM^{As. u. Eur. 168, 170});—Judges 1:16, מֶלֶךְ־ע׳ Numbers 21:1 (JE) = Numbers 33:40, Joshua 12:14 (D, Α(ι)ραθ, A 𝔊L Αδερ); prob. mod. Tel Arad, Joshua 12:16 1/2 miles S. of Hebron; cf. GFM Judges 1:16 Buhl^{Geogr. 182}.

עֲרָד²

n.pr.m. Benjamite I Chronicles 8:15, Ωρηρ, A Αρωδ, 𝔊L Αραδ.

עָרָה

vb. be naked, bare (Arabic عَرِىَ be naked; Ph. ערה [Pi.] lay bare (cf. Bloch Lzb); Assyrian ûru, nakedness, also desert waste (cf. [עָרָה] infr.) Jäger^{BAS ii. 282} and reff.; NH עֶרְוָה = BH, 𝔗 עִירְיְתָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܝܽܘܬܳܐ in Lexx);—

Pf. 3 ms. עֵרָה Isaiah 22:6 Zephaniah 2:14; Impf. 3 ms. יְעָרֶה Isaiah 3:17; 3 fs. וַתְּעַר Genesis 24:20; 2 ms. juss. תְּעַר Psalms 141:8; 3 mpl. וִיעָרוּ II Chronicles 24:11; Imv. mpl. עָ֫רוּ Psalms 137:7^(×2); Inf. abs. עָרוֹת Habakkuk 3:13 (Ges^{§ 75 n});—

lay bare Isaiah 3:17; Isaiah 22:6; Zephaniah 2:14 (indef. subj.); of laying foundations bare, i.e. tearing down walls, etc. Habakkuk 3:13 (yet on text v. Now), abs. עָ֫רוּ עָ֑רוּ Psalms 137:7^(×2).

lay bare by removing contents, empty, water-jar Genesis 24:20 (J; + אֶל loc.), chest II Chronicles 24:11.

pour out, אַל־תְּעַר נַפְשָׁי Psalms 141:8 (i.e. slay).

Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱרָה:

make naked, of sexual offences Leviticus 20:18, Leviticus 20:19 (both ‖ גִּלָּה).

pour out, הֶע׳ לַמָּוֶת נַפְשׁוֹ Isaiah 53:12 (fig. for slay, cf. Pi. 3).

pass. of Hiph. 2: 3 ms. יֵעָרֶה עָלֵינוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 32:15 (fig.) until there be poured upon us a spirit from on high.

Impf. 2 fs. תִּתְעָרִ֑י Lamentations 4:21 thou shalt make thyself naked (of Edom under fig. of drunken woman).

Pt. מִתְעָרֶה Psalms 37:35 usually pouring himself, i.e. spreading himself out like a tree (Bae doubts; Du מִתְעַלֶּה lifting himself up, cf. 𝔊).

עָרָה²

n.f. bare place;—pl. עָרוֹת Isaiah 19:7 (si vera interpr.; > 𝔊 ἄχ(ε)ι, Ki Saad reeds).

עֶרְוָה

n.f. nakedness, pudenda;—abs. ע׳ Exodus 28:42 Leviticus 18:6; usually cstr. עֶרְוַת Genesis 9:22 +, sf. עֶרְוָתְֽךָ Exodus 20:20 (Ginsb), Leviticus 18:10; עֶרְוָתֵךְ Isaiah 47:3 +; -תוֹ Leviticus 20:17, -תָהּ Leviticus 18:7 +; sf. 3 fpl. עֶרְוָתָן v Leviticus 18:9, Leviticus 18:10;—

pudenda, of man, רָאָה ע׳ implying shameful exposure Genesis 9:22, Genesis 9:23 (J); mostly of woman: fig. of Jerus. (c. רָאָה) Lamentations 1:8; Ezekiel 16:37; usually c. גלה: lit. תִּגָּלֶה ע׳ i.e. be exposed to view Exodus 20:20 (Ginsb; van d. H. v Exodus 20:23; E), so, as shameful punishment, fig. of Egypt Isaiah 20:4 (gloss according to Du Che Di-Kit), Bab. Isaiah 47:3, of Jerus. Ezekiel 16:37; Ezekiel 23:10, Ezekiel 23:29 (עֶרְוַת זְנוּנַיִךְ; all three obj. of act. vb.); chiefly euphem. for cohabit., גִּלָּה ע׳ Leviticus 18:6 + (v. גלה Pi. 1 a); fig. of Jerus. (vb. pass.) Ezekiel 16:36; רָאָה ע׳ in same meaning Leviticus 20:17^(×2) (H; of both sexes); ע׳ also Leviticus 18:8, Leviticus 18:10, Leviticus 18:16 (H); כִּסָּה ע׳ cover nakedness Genesis 9:23 (J), Exodus 28:42 (P; בְּשַׂר ע׳), Hosea 2:11 (fig. of Isr.), Ezekiel 16:8 (of Jerus.); reviling words are לְבֹשֶׁת ע׳ אִמֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 20:30 (cf. Doughty^{Arab. Deserta i. 269}).

עֶרְוַת דָּבָר nakedness of a thing, i.e. prob. indecency, improper behaviour Deuteronomy 23:15; Deuteronomy 24:1 (v. Dr).

fig. ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Genesis 42:9, Genesis 42:12 (E), i.e. its exposed, undefended parts (Arabic عَوْرَةٌ).

עֶרְיָה

n.f. nakedness;—always abs. ע׳;—ע׳־בֹּשֶׁת Micah 1:11 (in) nakedness, (in) shame (fig. of town Shaphir); of Jerus. עֵרֹם וְע׳ Ezekiel 16:7 + 3 times (v. עֵירֹם sub II. עור); of bow Habakkuk 3:9 (v. II. עור).

עָרוֹד

n.[m.] wild ass (prob. Aramaic loan-word (= Heb. פֶּרֶא), 𝔗 עֲרָדָא, עֲרוֹדָא; Syriac ܥܪܳܕܳܐ; Mand. אראדא, cf. Hom^{NS 133})* Job 39:5.

עָרַךְ

vb. arrange or set in order (NH id.; also roll dough, 𝔗 עֲרַךְ id.; Ph. ערכת CIS^{No. 132, 4} valuation, Bloch, but dub.; Arabic عَرَكَ iii. contend in battle, مَعْرَكٌ, مَعْرَكَةٌ, battle-ground);—

Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Job 32:14; II Chronicles 13:3, וְע׳ consec. Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 6:5; עָרַכְתִּי Numbers 23:4 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲרֹךְ Exodus 27:21 +, etc.; Imv. עֶרְכָה Job 33:5, עִרְכוּ Jeremiah 46:3; Jeremiah 50:14 (Ges^{§ 481}); Inf. abs. עָרֹךְ Isaiah 21:5; cstr. עֲרךְ Judges 20:22 +; Pt. act. pl. עֹרְכִים Isaiah 65:11, etc.; pass. עָרוּךְ Jeremiah 6:23 +, cstr. עֱרוּךְ Joel 2:5 (Ges^{§ 22.4.2}); not in D;

arrange in order, seven altars Numbers 23:4, i.e. I have built seven altars in a row (cf. בנה v Numbers 23:1), flax-stalks Joshua 2:6 (both JE); especially

set or lay in order, as wood Genesis 22:9 (E), I Kings 18:33, cf. Tophet Isaiah 30:33; Leviticus 1:7; offerings Leviticus 1:8, Leviticus 1:12; Leviticus 6:5; lamp(s) Exodus 27:21; Leviticus 24:3, Leviticus 24:4 (all P), lamp (fig. of dynasty) Psalms 132:17; ‘shew’-bread Exodus 40:4, Exodus 40:23 (upon [עַל] sacred שֻׁלְחָן; both c. acc. cogn.), Leviticus 24:8 (P).

in common life (cf. RS^{Sem i. 183 f., 2nd ed. 200 f.}), arrange a table (i.e. dishes in order upon it), שֻׁלְחָן Isaiah 21:5 Proverbs 9:2 (fig. of wisdom), Ezekiel 23:41 (of Jerus. in fig.); Psalms 23:5; Psalms 78:19 (fig.; subj. God); in idolatr. worship Isaiah 65:11.

arrange a battle, i.e. draw up in battle order, ע׳ מִלְחָמָה Judges 20:22; I Samuel 17:8; II Samuel 10:8 = I Chronicles 19:9; I Chronicles 12:37 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:36); II Chronicles 14:9; עֹרְכֵי מִלְחָמָה I Chronicles 12:34, I Chronicles 12:36 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:33, I Chronicles 12:35); עֱרוּךְ מ׳ Joel 2:5; + אֵת with, i.e. against Judges 20:20 Genesis 14:8, עִם II Chronicles 13:3; + לִקְרַאת I Samuel 17:2; I Chronicles 19:17; ע׳ מַעֲרָכָה לִקְרַאת I Samuel 17:21; עָרוּךְ כְּאִישׁ לַמִּלְחָמָה Jeremiah 6:23; Jeremiah 50:42; obj. om. Judges 20:22, Judges 20:33, + לִקְרַאת I Samuel 4:2; II Samuel 10:9, II Samuel 10:10 = I Chronicles 19:10, I Chronicles 19:11; II Samuel 10:17; + אֶל against Judges 20:30; I Chronicles 19:17, + על Jeremiah 50:14, לְ against Jeremiah 50:9;—Job 6:4 read יַעַכְרוּנִי Di Bu Du

arrange weapons of army in order for battle Jeremiah 46:3; I Chronicles 12:9 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:8).

arrange words (מִלִּין) Job 32:14 (+ אֶל against), so (obj. om.) Job 33:5 (+ לְפָנַי), Job 37:19 Psalms 5:4 (prob.; > of arranging a sacrifice); cf. recount things in order, יַעְרְכֶהָ לִי Isaiah 44:7.

state in order, set forth a legal case Job 13:18; Job 23:4, so prob. (obj. om.) of God Psalms 50:21 (+ לְעֵינֶיךָ), and (pass. of בְּרִית) II Samuel 23:5 (cf. Dr).—הֲיַעֲרֹךְ שׁועך Job 36:19 is difficult: Di will he set thy cry (שַׁוְעֲךָ) in order? Bi (for לֹא) הֲיֵעָרֵךְ שׁ׳ לוֹ shall thy cry be set in order unto him? (sense good, although Niph. not found); v. al. in Di

compare (as result of arranging in order): מַה־דְּמוּת תַּע׳־לוֹ Isaiah 40:18 what likeness will ye compare to him? אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ Psalms 40:6.

intrans. be comparable, c. לְ, Psalms 89:7 (‖ דָּמָה), c. sf. of thing compared Job 28:17, Job 28:19.

עֵ֫רֶךְ

n.m. Leviticus 27; Leviticus 25 order, row, estimate;—cstr. ע׳ Judges 17:10; Exodus 40:23; sf. עֶרְכִּי Psalms 55:14, עֶרְכְּךָ Leviticus 5:15 +, etc.;—

order, row, ע׳ בְּגָדִים Judges 17:10 a (complete) suit of clothes (laid out in order), 𝔊^B στολὴν ἱματίων; ע׳ לֶחֶם Exodus 40:23 i.e. loaves arranged in a row, so ע׳ alone v Exodus 40:4 (P); עֶרְכּוֹ Job 41:4 his symmetry (v. חִין sub חנן).

estimate, valuation, made by ordering, classifying: אִישׁ כְּעֶרְכּוֹ II Kings 23:35; in II Kings 12:5 read עֵרֶךְ (for MT עוֹבֵר) money of a man’s valuation 𝔊 Benz Kit, and prob. del. כֶּסֶף נַפְשׁוֹת עֶרְכּוֹ (? כ׳ עֶרֶךְ נ׳ Kit) as gloss (Sta^{ZAW v (1885), 288 f.}); כְּעֶרְכִּי Psalms 55:14 a man according to my valuation, fig. for my equal; elsewhere P, of priest’s valuation of trespass-offering Leviticus 5:15, Leviticus 5:18, Leviticus 5:25, vows, and redemption-money Leviticus 27:2, Leviticus 27:3^(×2), Leviticus 27:4 + 17 times 27 (כֶּסֶף עֶרְכְּךָ v Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19, מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ v Leviticus 27:3 [del. הָ], cf. v Leviticus 27:23 [del. id.]), Numbers 18:16.—Job 28:13 read דַּרְכָּהּ 𝔊 Di al.

עָרַךְ²

vb.denom.

value (for taxation), tax (from עֵרֶךְ 2);—Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ II Kings 23:35; in P, וְהֶע׳ consec., c. acc. pers. Leviticus 27:8, Leviticus 27:12 c. sf. v Leviticus 27:14; Impf. יַעֲרִיךְ v Leviticus 27:14; sf. יַעֲרִכֶנּוּ v Leviticus 27:8.

עָרְלָה

n.f. foreskin;—ע׳ Genesis 34:14; Jeremiah 9:24; cstr. עָרְלַת Exodus 4:25; Deuteronomy 10:16, etc.; pl. הָעֲרָלוֹת (not עֳ׳) Joshua 5:3 (Kö^{ii. 1, 158}); cstr. עָרְלוֹת Jeremiah 4:4 + 2 times; עָרְלֹתֵיהֶם I Samuel 18:27;—foreskin I Samuel 18:25, I Samuel 18:27; II Samuel 3:14, cf. גִּבְעַת הָעֲרָלוֹת Joshua 5:3 hill of the foreskins, near Gilgal; of circumcision, כרת ע׳ Exodus 4:25 (J), בְּשַׂר ע׳ Genesis 17:11 + 5 times P (v. II. מוּל), אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר לוֹ ע׳ Genesis 34:14 (P), i.e. one uncircumcised; cf. Jeremiah 9:24; fig. of fruit trees, עָרְלָתוֹ Leviticus 19:23 (P; v. [עָרַל]); fig. of heart, ע׳ לבב Deuteronomy 10:16; Jeremiah 4:4.

עָרַל

vb. denom. count as foreskin, i.e. as uncircumcised;—

Pf. 2 mpl., c. acc. cogn. וַעֲרַלְתֶּם עָרְלָתוֹ Leviticus 19:23 ye shall regard its fruit as uncircumcised, and not eat it (for three years) (> SS remove its foreskin (its fruit), as 𝔙, cf. 𝔊 περικαθαριεῖτε τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτοῦ).

Imv. הֵעָרֵל Habakkuk 2:16 be counted uncircumcised, i.e. be object of mockery; but dub., read probably הֵרָעֵל reel (𝔊 𝔖 We Now Buhl^Lex).

עָרֵל

adj. having foreskin, i.e. uncircumcised;—ע׳ Exodus 12:48 + 5 times; cstr. עֶ֫רֶל Ezekiel 44:9^(×2); עֲרַל Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30; f. עֲרֵלָה Jeremiah 6:10; pl. עֲרֵלִים Leviticus 19:23 + 20 times; cstr. עַרְלֵי Jeremiah 9:25 + 2 times;—uncircumcised person Exodus 12:48; Joshua 5:7 (P), Philistines Judges 14:3; Judges 15:18; I Samuel 14:6; I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36; I Samuel 31:4; II Samuel 1:20; I Chronicles 10:4; of other nations Isaiah 52:1; Jeremiah 9:25, especially as slain Ezekiel 28:10; Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:19 + 9 times Ezekiel 32:32; in v Ezekiel 32:27 read מֵעוֹלָם so Hi and most (v. on meaning Toy Ezekiel 31:18); עָרֵל זָכֶר uncircumcised male Genesis 17:14 (P); ע׳ בָּשָׂר Ezekiel 4:7, Ezekiel 4:9 uncircumcised of flesh; fig. of fruit trees Leviticus 19:23 (cf. [עָרַל] supr.); ע׳ שְׂפָתַיִם fig. of incapacity to speak Exodus 6:12, Exodus 6:30; of character, ע׳ לב Jeremiah 9:25; Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:9, cf. לִבָבָם הֶעָרֵל Leviticus 26:41 (H), עֲרֵלָה אָזְנָם Jeremiah 6:10 their ear is uncircumcised (unreceptive).

עֵרֹם

עָרַם

vb.

be heaped up (cf. Sab. אערמהו, pl. of [ערם] dam, so Arabic عَرِمٌ, cf. DHM^{ZMG xxx (1876), 676; VOJ i. 25} who cp. BH עֲרֵמָה, Arabic عَرَمَةٌ (which Frä ¹³⁵ thinks Aramaic loan-word), cf. ܥܪܰܡ Pa. heap up; > Wetzst^{Zeltschr. für Ethnol. 1873, 279 (Syriac Dreschtafel)} who cp. عَرَمَ strip [whence עַרְמוֹן infr.], and thinks עֲרֵמָה = bare heap);—Pf. 3 pl. נֶעֶרְמוּ מַיִם Exodus 15:8.

עָרֹם

vb. be shrewd, crafty (NH id., Hiph.; Arabic عَرَمَ, عَرِمَ, عَرُمَ, be ill-natured, cross; 𝔗 adj. עָרִים shrewd, Syriac ܥܪܝܡ id., and vb. in der. spec. (Pe. in Lexx.));—

Inf. abs. in עָרֹם יַעְרִם I Samuel 23:22 he is exceedingly crafty.

Impf. be crafty, 3 ms. יַעְרִם I Samuel 23:22; be or become shrewd יַעְרִם Proverbs 15:5; Proverbs 19:25; all these Qal Impf.in—ִ according to Ba^{ZMG xlili (1889), 180} so Ges^{§ 63 n} Buhl^Lex, but perhaps read יֶעְרַם as Qal; true Hiph. in 3 mpl. יַעֲרִימוּ סוֹד Psalms 83:4⁴ they make crafty (their) counsel against thy people.

עָרְמָה

n.f. craftiness, prudence;—

בְע׳ craftily Exodus 21:14 (E), Joshua 9:4 (JE).

ע׳ in Pr, in good sense, prudence Proverbs 1:4; Proverbs 8:5, Proverbs 8:12.

עָרוּם

adj. crafty, shrewd, sensible;—

crafty, ע׳ as pred., of serpent Genesis 3:1; pl. as subst. מַחְשְׁבוֹת עֲרוּמִים Job 5:12, לְשׁוֹן ע׳ Job 15:5.

in Pr, in good sense (opp. אֱוִיל, כְּסִיל, פֶּתִי); as attrib. אָדָם עָרוּם Proverbs 12:23 a shrewd or sensible man; ע׳ as subst. = id., v Proverbs 12:16; Proverbs 13:16, so חָכְמַת ע׳ Proverbs 14:8; = prudent man Proverbs 14:15; Proverbs 22:3; Proverbs 27:12; pl. עֲרוּמִים Proverbs 14:18.

עַרְעָר

עֹ֫רֶף

n.m. ^{Deuteronomy 31:27} back of neck, neck;—ע׳ abs. Joshua 7:12 +; cstr. Genesis 49:8 +; sf. עָרְפִּי Job 16:12, עָרְפְּךָ Deuteronomy 31:27, etc.;—

back of neck of fleeing foe יָֽדְךָ בְּע׳ אֹיְבֶיךָ Genesis 49:8 (poem in J), cf. וְאָחַז בְּעָרְפִּי Job 16:12 (fig.); Exodus 23:27 (E), Psalms 18:41 = II Samuel 22:41; turn (הָפַךְ, פָּנָה) one’s back before (לִפְנֵי) a foe Joshua 7:8, Joshua 7:12 (JE), abs. Jeremiah 48:39; fig. of apostasy פָּנָה ע׳אֶל Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33 (opp. פָּנָה פָנִים) abs. וַיִּתְּנוּ ע׳ II Chronicles 29:6; of י׳’s disfavour ע׳ וְלֹא פָנִים אֶרְאֵם Jeremiah 18:17 with the back and not the face will I look at them.

fig. in קְשֵׁה־ע׳ stiff of neck, i.e. obstinate, of Isr. Exodus 32:8; Exodus 33:3, Exodus 33:5; Exodus 34:9 (all JE), Deuteronomy 9:6, Deuteronomy 9:13; עָרְפְּךָ הַקָּשֶׁה Deuteronomy 31:27; with vb. הִקְשָׁה ע׳ i.e. be obstinate, intractable Deuteronomy 10:16; Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; II Kings 17:14^(×2) Nehemiah 9:16, Nehemiah 9:17, Nehemiah 9:29; II Chronicles 30:8; cf. גִּיד בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Isaiah 48:4 (‖ קָשֶׁה אָ֑תָּת); הִקְשָׁה ע׳ of individual II Chronicles 36:13; Proverbs 29:1.

of bird: nip its head מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ Leviticus 5:8 (P).

עָרַף

vb. denom. break the neck of an animal;—

Pf. 2 ms. sf. וַעֲרַפְתּוֹ consec. Exodus 13:13; Exodus 34:20 (JE), 3 pl. וְעָֽרְפוּ־שָׁם אֶת־הָעֶגְלָה consec. Deuteronomy 21:4; Pt. act. עוֹרֵף כֶּלֶב Isaiah 66:3; pass. הָעֲרוּפָה הָעֶגְלָה Deuteronomy 21:6; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲרֹף Hosea 10:2 fig. of breaking down altars.

עָרְפָּה

n.pr.f. sister-in-law of Ruth, Ruth 1:4, Ruth 1:14, Ορφα.

עָרַף²

vb. drip, drop (cf. Arabic غَرَفَ lade out water with the hand (as with ladle) cf. Ph. ערפת portico (whence rain drips) v. Hoffm^{Abh. d. GGW xxxvi. May, 1889, 12f.}; cf. also غُرْفَةٌ upper-room; מערף ענן Ecclus 43:22 the dropping of a cloud, Assyrian irpu, irpitu, cloud(s));—

Impf. 3 mpl. שָׁמָיו יַעַרְפוּ־טָ֑ל Deuteronomy 33:28 his heavens drop dew; fig., of speech, intrans., יַעֲרֹף כַּמָּטָר לִקְחִי Deuteronomy 32:2 let my teaching drop like the rain (‖ תִּזַּל כַּטַּל אִמְרָתִי).—Cf. רָעַף.

עֲרָפֶל

n.m. cloud, heavy cloud (perhaps from above √ + ל afform; NH = BH; Syriac ܥܰܪܦܶܠܴܐ; 𝔗 עֲרָפֵילָא; Mand. ארפילא Nö^{M 126, 128}; on vocaliz. v. Ba^{NB 160} and against him Schwally^{ZAW x (1890), 178} who proposes עַרְפֶּל);—ע׳ in which God dwells Exodus 20:15 (Gi; van d. H. v Exodus 20:18), I Kings 8:12 = II Chronicles 6:1; + עָנָן Deuteronomy 4:11 (also חֹשֶׁךְ), Deuteronomy 5:17 (Deuteronomy 5:19) Psalms 97:2; Job 22:13 v בַּעַד; ע׳ תַּחַת רַגְלָיו II Samuel 22:10 = Psalms 18:10; as swaddling-bands of sea Job 38:9; fig. of misery Isaiah 60:2 (‖ חֹשֶׁךְ); of י׳’s judgment Jeremiah 13:16 (‖ צַלְמָוֶת), as a past day יוֹם עָנָן וַע׳ Ezekiel 34:12 = (of future day of י׳) Zephaniah 1:15 (‖ יוֹם חשֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָה) = Joel 2:2 (‖ id.).

עָרִיץ

adj. awe-inspiring, terror-striking;—ע׳ of י׳, כְּגִבּוֹר עָרִיץ Jeremiah 20:11; pl. as subst. עָרִיצִים, in bad sense of formidable adversaries, personal, Jeremiah 15:21 (‖ רָעִים), Job 6:23 (‖ צָר), and national, Psalms 54:5 (‖ זָרִים), = עֲדַת ע׳ Psalms 86:14 (‖ זֵדִים), הֲמוֹן ע׳ Isaiah 29:5 (‖ זָרָ֑יִךְ); especially of Chaldeans Isaiah 13:11, cstr. עָרִיצֵי גוֹיִם most terrifying of the nations Ezekiel 28:7 (‖ זָרִים) Ezekiel 30:11; Ezekiel 31:12 (‖ זָרִים), Ezekiel 32:12; so (prob.) sg. עָרִיץ Isaiah 49:25 (read ע׳ also for צַדִּיק v Ezekiel 32:24, so Lo Ew Che Gr al.); without specif. ref. גּוֹרִם עָרִיצִים Isaiah 25:3 awe-inspiring nations (Du Che take ע׳ as subst.), רוּחַ ע׳ v Isaiah 25:4 (del. as gloss Di al.), זְמִיר ע׳ v Isaiah 25:5 (del. verse as gloss Du Che); late, of wicked in gen., as ruthless רָאִיתִי רָשָׁע ע׳ Psalms 37:35 I have seen a wicked man ruthless; as subst., Isaiah 29:20 (‖ לֵץ), Job 15:20 (‖ רשׁע), pl. Job 27:13 (‖ id.), Proverbs 11:16; read also עָרִיץִ(ים) Isaiah 11:4 (for MT אֶרֶץ), so Che Br^MP Du Gr al. (‖ רָשָׁע).

עָרַר

vb. strip oneself (‖ form of ערה, II. עור);—

Imv. עֹ֫רָה Isaiah 32:11 (‖ פְּשֹׁ֫טָה; according to Ges^{§ 110 k} Hi De al. ms. with fpl. subj.; according to Ew^{§ 226 a} Du Di al. fpl., shortened from ערנה etc.). Pōʿ. Pf. 3 pl. עוֹרְרוּ אַרְמְנוֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 23:13 they have laid bare (the foundations of) her palaces, i.e. destroyed them; so

Inf. abs. +

Impf. 3 fs. עַרְעֵר תִּתְעַרְעַר Jeremiah 51:58 be laid utterly bare, cf. ערה

1.

עֲרִירִי

adj. stripped, specif. childless;—ע׳ Genesis 15:2 (JE), Jeremiah 22:30; pl. עֲרִירִים Leviticus 20:20, Leviticus 20:21 (H).

עֲרוֹעֵר

n.[m.] prob. a tree or bush; juniper? (Arabic عَرْعَرٌ juniper (or cypress? v. Lane), so Tristr^{NHB 358} Rob^{BR ii. 124}; on format. v. Lag^{BN 162} Ba^{NB 160});—עֲרוֹעֵר בַּמִּדְבָּר Jeremiah 48:6, + Jeremiah 17:6, where read prob. עֲרֹעֵר בָּעֲרָבָה (for MT עַרְעָר; > Gf al. conversely, read עַרְעָר Jeremiah 48:6).

עֲרֹעֵר

n.pr.loc. Αροηρ, MI²⁶ ערער;—

city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr., עֲרֹעֵר Numbers 32:34 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:36; Deuteronomy 3:12; Deuteronomy 4:48; Joshua 12:2 (D) II Kings 10:33; I Chronicles 5:8; עֲרוֹעֵר Joshua 13:9 (D), v Joshua 13:16 (P), II Samuel 24:5; Moabitish Jeremiah 48:19 (cf. MI²⁶); once עַרְעֹר Judges 11:26; mod. ʿArʿâir Buhl^{Geogr. 269}, Tristr^{Moab 129 ff.}

city near Rabbah in Ammon, עֲרֹעֵר Judges 11:33, עֲרוֹ׳ Joshua 13:25 (P), site unknown.

city in S. Judah, עֲרֹעֵר I Samuel 30:28 (𝔊 Αροηρ + Αμμαδει, latter orig. according to We, indicating form ערערה; 𝔊L Ραγουηλ); + Joshua 15:22 reading ע׳ (or עַרְעָרָה) for MT עַדְעָדָה, 𝔊^B Αρουηλ, We I Samuel 30, I Samuel 28 (cf.Dr HPS), Di^{ad loc.} Benn Steuern; poss. ʿArʿâra c. 9 miles S. of E. from Beersheba, but cf. Buhl^{Geogr. 183}.—Isaiah 17:2 read עָרֶיהָ עֲדֵי עַד 𝔊 Lo Lag^{Sem. i. 30} Che Buhl^Lex al. (for MT עָרֵי עֲרֹעֵר).—Vid. also Che^{Ency. Bib. 317}.

עֶ֫רֶשׂ

n.f. ^{Job 7:13} couch, divan;—cstr. ע׳ Deuteronomy 3:11 +; abs. עָ֑רֶשׂ Amos 3:12; sf. עַרְשִׂי Job 7:13 +, etc.; pl. sf. עַרְשׂוֹתָם Amos 6:4;—couch, divan, Amos 3:12; Amos 6:4 (‖ מִטּוֹת), + II Samuel 17:28 (read עַרְשׂת מִשְׁכָּב Klo Ne^{Marg. 18} HPS, cf. 𝔊); for lying at night Job 7:13 Psalms 6:7 (‖ מִטָּה), Proverbs 7:16, עֶרֶשׂ יְצוּעָ֑י Psalms 132:3 the couch of (consisting in) my bed; couch of sickness Psalms 41:4; marriage couch Song of Songs 1:16; perhaps transf. to sarcophagus, as last couch עַרְשׂוֹ עֶרֶשׂ בַּרְזֶל Deuteronomy 3:11 (v. Dr).

עֵ֫שֶׂב

n.m. ^{Genesis 1:11} herb, herbage;—ע׳ abs. Deuteronomy 11:15 +; cstr. Genesis 2:5 +; sf. עֶשְׂבָּם Isaiah 42:15; pl. cstr. עִשְּׂבוֹת (d.f. dirim.) Proverbs 27:25;—herb, herbage, in oldest use often gen. (therefore incl. grass [דֶּשֶׁא]): ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Exodus 9:22 (E), Genesis 2:5 (+ שִׂיחַ) Exodus 9:25 (+ עֵץ), Exodus 10:15 (+ id; all J) Amos 7:2, so ע׳ הָאָרֶץ Exodus 10:12 (E), + פְּרִי הָעֵץ v Exodus 10:15 (J), whence Psalms 105:35; appar. gen. also in ע׳ הארץ Job 5:25 Psalms 72:16, ע׳ alone Psalms 92:8; ע׳ כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶה Jeremiah 12:14, ע׳ alone Deuteronomy 32:2 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא), Isaiah 42:15 Psalms 102:5, Psalms 102:12, and Deuteronomy 29:22 Micah 5:6 Proverbs 19:12; hence ע׳ as food for cattle Deuteronomy 11:15 Psalms 106:20 cf. Jeremiah 14:6 Zechariah 10:1; עִשְּׂבוֹת הָרִים Proverbs 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר); but as human food (hence excluding דֶּשֶׁא) ע׳ הַשָּׂדֶה Genesis 3:18 (J); especially P Genesis 1:29 (+ עֶץ), יֶרֶק ע׳ v Genesis 1:30; Genesis 9:3, hence ע׳ Psalms 104:14 (‖ חָצִיר for cattle); ע׳ disting. from דֶּשֶׁא, עֵץ also Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12, ע׳ שָׂדֶה + דֶּשֶׁא, חָצִיר II Kings 19:26 + Isaiah 37:27.

עָשָׂה

I. עָשָׂה vb. do, make (NH = BH; MI^23.26 עשתי, l.^3.9 ואעש, l.²⁴ Imv. עשו; OH n.pr. עשיו, אלעשה, מעשיהו; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in S. Sem. lang.; on Sab. v. especially DHM^{SB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849});—

Pf. 3 ms. Genesis 3:1 +, sf. עָשָׂהוּ Hosea 8:6 +; 3 fs. עָֽשְׂתָה Deuteronomy 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consec. Leviticus 25:21; 2 ms. עָשִׂיתָ Genesis 3:14 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲשֶׂה Genesis 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה I Kings 16:25 + 3 times, וַיַּעַשׂ Isaiah 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Isaiah 64:3, 2 ms. תַּעֲשֶׂה I Samuel 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Genesis 26:29 Joshua 7:9, juss. (c. אַל) תַּעַשׂ Genesis 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה II Samuel 13:12 Jeremiah 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 s. אֶעֱשֶׂה Genesis 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Ezekiel 20:14 Daniel 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Deuteronomy 10:3 + 4 times Ez; etc.; Imv. ms. עֲשֵׂה Judges 10:15 +; fs. עֲשִׂי Jeremiah 6:26 +, etc.; Inf. abs. עָשׂה Jeremiah 44:17 +; עָשׂוֹ Jeremiah 7:5 + 2 times (Jeremiah 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); cstr. עֲשׂוֹת Genesis 2:4 +, עֲשֹׂה Genesis 50:20 + 2 times, עֲשׂוֹ Genesis 31:28, sf. עֲשׂתוֹ Genesis 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ †Exodus 18:18, etc.; Pt. act. עֹשֶׂה Isaiah 5:5 +, sf. הָעשֹׁוֹ Job 40:19 (but v. infr.); pl. עֹשִׂים Genesis 24:49 +; sf. עֹשָׂ֑י Job 35:10 (yet v. Ges^{§ 124 k}), etc.; pass. עָשׂוּי Exodus 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 (Ges^{§ 75 k}); f. עֲשׂוּיָה Ezekiel 21:20 +, etc.;—

do (1560 + times):

(1) c. acc. act. Genesis 3:14 (J) Genesis 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of י׳ II Kings 12:3; II Kings 14:13 +, evil II Kings 8:18, II Kings 8:27 + (cf. i. עַיִן 3 c); do God’s commands, statutes, etc., Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 30:8, Numbers 15:39 (P); ע׳ חַיִל I Samuel 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Proverbs 31:29 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Leviticus 20:13 (H), Deuteronomy 20:18; sq. מִן part., וְעָשָׂה מֵאַחַת מֵהֵנָּה Leviticus 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; v. מִן 3 b (d)), cf. וְעָשׂוּ אַחַת מִכָּל־מִצְוֹת י׳ v II Kings 8:13, II Kings 8:22; II Kings 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, c. acc. cogn. מַעֲשֶׂה Exodus 18:20; Exodus 23:12 (E), also (י׳ subj.) Deuteronomy 11:7 Daniel 9:14 Ecclesiastes 3:11; c. acc. מְלָאכָה Genesis 2:2, Genesis 2:2 (J), Exodus 20:9, Exodus 20:10 = Deuteronomy 9:13 (10 Words); c. acc. דְּרָכֶיךָ †Isaiah 58:13; ע׳ מְלוּכָה עַל I Kings 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of י׳ performing signs (אֹתֹת) Joshua 24:17 (E), Numbers 14:11, Numbers 14:22 (JE), Deuteronomy 11:3, so Moses Exodus 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) v Exodus 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל pers.) Genesis 20:9 (E), Judges 9:56 +; c. עַל reflex. Jeremiah 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially י׳ subj., c. לְ, do good to Exodus 18:9 (E), I Kings 8:66, or evil Genesis 42:28 (E); in phr. so may God do to me, etc. I Samuel 3:17 II Kings 6:31 + (v. יסף Hiph. 1). (3) do something for one (ל pers.) Genesis 30:31 I Kings 11:8 +, dir. obj. om. I Samuel 20:4; + ל rei Judges 21:7, Judges 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives? c. עַל pers. Nehemiah 5:19; c. dat. eth. (ל) I Samuel 10:7; c. לְ, of י׳ doing kindness for I Samuel 22:3; executing vengeance for Judges 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); י׳ doing a sign (אוֹת) for †Judges 6:17 (elsewhere נָתַן אוֹת לְ), cf. עֲשֵׂה־עִמִּי אוֹת לְטוֹבָה Psalms 86:17. (4) do someth. (in relation or intercourse) with (עִם, אֵת pers.), י׳ subj. Exodus 34:10 Deuteronomy 1:30 all that he did with you, Deuteronomy 10:21 (cf. Psalms 86:17 supr.), human subj. II Chronicles 24:24 (obj. שְׁפָטִים), Ruth 2:11. (5) seldom c. ב, usually of executing judgment upon I Samuel 28:18 Isaiah 48:14, more gen. Esther 1:15 what shall we do with the queen? also, subj. י׳, Ezekiel 25:11; Ezekiel 28:26 Psalms 149:7, Psalms 149:9 Numbers 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ע׳ חֲסָדִים בּ׳ Nehemiah 13:14. (6) of י׳ doing the justice (מִשְׁפַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause I Kings 8:45, I Kings 8:49 Psalms 9:5. (7) c. adv. do thus, כֹּה, Joshua 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ, Genesis 6:22 (P), Genesis 18:21 (J), I Kings 2:6; acc. as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Genesis 27:19 (J); Exodus 1:17 (E) +; c. בְּ of manner, Judges 9:16, Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 25:15.

work for (ל rei) Genesis 30:30 (J); c. ל pers. I Samuel 14:6 Ezekiel 29:20 (for י׳); work in (ב) gold or other material I Kings 7:14 II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:13 Exodus 31:4, Exodus 31:5; Exodus 35:32 (all P); c. בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָח) Exodus 5:9 (J) in toil Nehemiah 4:10; work w. (עִם) God I Samuel 14:45, so prob. of God’s working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron I Samuel 12:6 (usually appoint); c. עִם with (of pers. in whose company, in whose field) Ruth 2:19^(×2) (gleaning); work בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ Proverbs 31:13; without prep. Exodus 36:1 Nehemiah 3:38.

deal with, c. עִם, II Chronicles 2:2 Daniel 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר acc. as); c. אֵת, Ez (Ezekiel 17:17) Ezekiel 20:44 Micah 5:14 Psalms 109:21; Ezekiel 22:14 Zephaniah 3:19 (Gr Now ins. כָּלָה, v. ii 1 g), + כְּ Jeremiah 21:2, + בְּ of manner Ezekiel 23:25, Ezekiel 23:29; c. לְ pers. + בְּ Ezekiel 25:12; c. בְּ pers., Jeremiah 18:23 Daniel 11:7, + כְּ according toNehemiah 9:24 Esther 3:11.

often in phr., do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: c. עִם, (עִמָּדִי) Genesis 19:19; Genesis 24:12, Genesis 24:14 (J), Judges 1:24; Judges 8:35 I Samuel 15:6 II Samuel 2:5; II Samuel 10:2 = I Chronicles 19:2 +; c. עַל, I Samuel 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr al.); abs., Psalms 109:16; obj. חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, c. עִם, Joshua 2:14 (JE) Judges 9:19 II Samuel 2:6; c. אֵת with, Genesis 24:49; Genesis 32:11; Genesis 47:29 (all J); c. לְ, Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10, II Samuel 22:51 = Psalms 18:51; so ע׳ טוֹב, c. עִם, Genesis 26:29 (J), cf. Judges 8:35; Judges 9:16; c. אֵת with, I Samuel 24:19 II Samuel 2:6.

abs. act, act with effect, especially of י׳, I Kings 8:32, I Kings 8:39 Jeremiah 14:7 Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22 Psalms 22:32; Psalms 37:5; Psalms 52:11 Daniel 9:19; of men II Chronicles 31:21 Daniel 8:12, Daniel 8:24; Daniel 11:28, Daniel 11:30, Daniel 11:32; c. ל pers. Ezekiel 31:11.

make (670 + times):

c. obj. concr., ark Genesis 8:6, altar Genesis 13:4, idols Judges 18:24, Judges 18:31 +, etc.

often of God’s making (creating) Genesis 3:1 (J), Genesis 1:7, Genesis 1:16, Genesis 1:25 (P), Nehemiah 9:6 Job 9:9 Proverbs 8:26 II Chronicles 2:11 Psalms 95:5 +; making man Psalms 100:3; Psalms 119:73 (made by God’s hands), in the womb Job 31:15^(×2); making constituting, nation Deuteronomy 26:19; Deuteronomy 32:6, Deuteronomy 32:15; pt. sf. עֹשֵׂהוּ his Maker Isaiah 17:7 Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 17:5 (הָעֹשׂוֹ Job 40:19 is improb., most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpr. of foll. words); עֹשֶׂךָ Isaiah 51:13, עֹשֵׂנִי Job 32:22 (Ginsb; v Job 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עֹשֵׂנוּ Psalms 95:6; so appar. pt. pl. עֹשָׂ֑י Job 35:10, עֹשַׂיִךְ Isaiah 54:5 (Ges^{§ 124 k} expl. as sg.).

make something, c. לְ reflex., make for thee Exodus 20:4 Deuteronomy 9:12; Deuteronomy 10:1 +, for (ל) another I Samuel 2:19 II Samuel 7:11 I Kings 2:24 +; obj. מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Genesis 40:20 Esther 5:4, also (no ל) Genesis 29:22 (E) Judges 14:10 Esther 5:5, Esther 5:12 and (fig., י׳ subj.) Isaiah 25:6; c. ל rei, Deuteronomy 22:8; c. ל of animal Genesis 33:17 (J).

make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) II Samuel 7:9 I Chronicles 17:8, also (no ל) II Samuel 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Ezekiel 18:31.

make war with (אֶת) Genesis 14:2 Joshua 11:18 (D); c. עִם, Deuteronomy 20:12, Deuteronomy 20:20 I Chronicles 5:10, I Chronicles 5:19; abs. I Chronicles 22:8; c. ל reflex. Proverbs 24:6; pt. עֹשֵׂה מִלְחָמָה II Chronicles 11:1; II Chronicles 26:11, II Chronicles 26:13; make peace, c. ל pers. Joshua 9:15 (J); ע׳ אִתִּי בְרָכָה II Kings 18:31 make an agreement with me.

c. ב, ע׳ פֶּרֶץ בּ׳ Judges 21:15 י׳ brought a catastrophe upon (cf. פרץ).

c. 2 acc., make something out of (acc. mater.) Exodus 25:18; Exodus 28:13; Exodus 37:17, Exodus 37:24 Song of Songs 3:10 Deuteronomy 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges^{§ 117 ii}) Hosea 8:4 Genesis 27:9 Judges 17:4 Numbers 11:8; Numbers 17:3 Psalms 104:4; make something כָּלָה, i.e. utterly destroy it Nahum 1:8 Zephaniah 1:18 Ezekiel 20:17 Nehemiah 9:31; c. pt. pass. as 2nd acc. Exodus 38:7 they made it נְבוּב לֻחֹת hollow with boards, Exodus 39:9; but also c. acc. + לְ, Hosea 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Judges 8:27 Exodus 27:3 (P), Deuteronomy 9:14 Jeremiah 37:15 Ezekiel 4:9 Isaiah 44:17, Isaiah 44:19; make something for (ל pers.), + מִן of material Song of Songs 3:9.

produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hosea 8:7^(×2), vineyard, grapes Isaiah 5:2^(×2), Isaiah 5:4^(×2), Isaiah 5:10, tree, fruit II Kings 19:30 = Isaiah 37:31, Hosea 9:16 Jeremiah 12:2; Jeremiah 17:8 Ezekiel 17:23 (all fig.), Genesis 1:11, Genesis 1:12 (P); branches Job 14:9 and (fig.) Ezekiel 17:8; land, fruit Leviticus 25:21 cf. Habakkuk 3:17, abs. Genesis 41:47; of seed Isaiah 5:10, vine, shoots Ezekiel 17:6 (fig.); of cows, yielding milk Isaiah 7:22; hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.

prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Genesis 18:7, Genesis 18:8 Judges 6:19; Judges 13:15 I Samuel 25:18 (pass.), II Samuel 12:4^(×2) Genesis 27:14, Genesis 27:17, Genesis 27:31 II Samuel 13:5, II Samuel 13:7 I Kings 17:12 Exodus 12:39 (+ ל reflex.) Ezekiel 35:6; a bullock for sacrifice I Kings 18:23, I Kings 18:25, I Kings 18:26; כְּלֵי גוֹלָה Ezekiel 12:3 (+ ל reflex.); a chamber Nehemiah 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל pers. and inf.).

make offering, e.g. עוֹלָה Judges 13:16 Jeremiah 33:18 Leviticus 16:24, עוֹלָה וָזֶבַח II Kings 5:17 (+ ל dei), הַחַטָּאת Leviticus 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Numbers 15:3, Numbers 15:14, various offerings I Kings 8:64 Leviticus 9:22 Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:2 +; + לי׳ to י׳ Leviticus 17:9 +; also c. acc. of thing sacrificed (perhaps orig. prepare or provide, v. supr.) Ezekiel 43:25^(×2); Ezekiel 46:15 Leviticus 14:30; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30; Leviticus 16:9 Numbers 6:11, Numbers 6:17 Psalms 66:15 (+ ל dei) +; abs. = offer sacrifice Exodus 10:25 (E + לי׳), to (ל) heathen gods II Kings 17:32.

attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deuteronomy 21:12; wash (feet) II Samuel 19:25; trim (beard) v II Samuel 19:25 (cf. Fr faire la barbe, Ger. die Haare machen).

observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. pass-over Exodus 12:47, Exodus 12:48; Numbers 9:4, Numbers 9:8, Numbers 9:13; Joshua 5:10, also (+ לי׳) Exodus 12:48 Numbers 9:10, Numbers 9:14 (all P), Deuteronomy 16:1 +; sabbath Exodus 31:16; Deuteronomy 5:15; feast of weeks Deuteronomy 16:10, booths Deuteronomy 16:13, Purim Esther 9:21, Esther 9:27, etc.

acquire property of various kinds (cf. ‘make money’) Genesis 12:5; Genesis 31:1 (J); Isaiah 15:7; Jeremiah 17:11; Jeremiah 48:36; Deuteronomy 8:18; Ezekiel 22:13; Ezekiel 28:4^(×2); Ezekiel 38:12; II Chronicles 32:29; Ecclesiastes 2:8; + ל reflex. Deuteronomy 8:17; II Samuel 15:1; I Kings 1:5; of fruits from vineyards, etc. Psalms 107:37.

appoint priests I Kings 12:31; I Kings 13:33; II Chronicles 2:17 (all + מִן source), a feast I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33 (+ ל pers.); ordain a sacrifice Numbers 28:6, a festal day Psalms 118:24; institute, אוֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִי ghost and familiar spirit II Kings 21:6 = II Chronicles 33:6 (cf. Dr Deuteronomy 18:11).

bring about, of י׳’s effecting a deliverance Exodus 14:13 (לָכֶם), I Samuel 11:13; II Samuel 23:10 (ins. also ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Dr), v I Chronicles 11:12; cause, sq. cl. c. שֶׁ Ecclesiastes 3:14.

use, וְע׳ לִמְלַאכְתּוֹ I Samuel 8:16; pass. Exodus 38:24

spend, pass, days of life Ecclesiastes 6:12.

Pf. 3 ms. נַעֲשָׂה Judges 16:11 +; 3 fs. נֶעֶשְׂתָה II Samuel 17:23 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָשֶׂה Genesis 29:26 +, 3 fs. c. ו subord. וְתֵעָשׂ Esther 5:6; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12 (Ges^{§ 109 f}), etc.; Inf. cstr. הֵעָשׂוֹת Esther 9:1, Esther 9:14, etc.; Pt. נַעֲשֶׂה Nehemiah 5:18, etc.;—

be done (pass. of Qal I 1):

subj. מְלָאכָה Judges 16:11 (c. ב instr.), Nehemiah 6:16 (c. מֵאֵת אֱלֹהִים), v Nehemiah 6:9 Exodus 12:16 + 4 times; subj. om. Ezekiel 44:14, indef. Esther 4:1; c. כֵּן Esther 9:14; be done, כַּתּוֹרָה Ezra 10:3; be committed, of offence, Deuteronomy 13:15; Numbers 15:24; Ecclesiastes 4:1 + 3 times; c. neg. not (yet) done, i.e. future Isaiah 46:10; be accomplished, performed, fulfilled Ezekiel 12:25, Ezekiel 12:28; Daniel 11:36; Esther 5:5; Esther 7:2; Esther 9:12; be executed, carried out, of sentence Ecclesiastes 8:11, decree Esther 9:1; be followed, of counsel II Samuel 17:23; nearly = occur Ecclesiastes 1:9^(×2), Ecclesiastes 1:13; Ecclesiastes 9:3, Ecclesiastes 9:6, subj. מַעֲשֶׂה Ecclesiastes 1:14; Ecclesiastes 2:17; Ecclesiastes 4:3; Ecclesiastes 8:9, Ecclesiastes 9:17, subj. הֶבֶל v Ecclesiastes 9:14, עִנְיָן v Ecclesiastes 9:15.

Impf. c. neg., is (are) not done, not according to usage, of flagrant offences Genesis 20:9 (E), Genesis 29:26 (c.כֵּן), Genesis 34:7 (both J), II Samuel 13:12 (כֵּן); hence (P) not to be done, forbidden by י׳ Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:13, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:17.

be done to, c. ל of animal I Samuel 11:7 (כֹּה); ל pers. Exodus 2:4 (E) Exodus 21:31 (E; כַּמִּשְׁפָּט), Isaiah 3:11; Jeremiah 5:13 (כֹּה), Leviticus 24:19 (H; כֵּן), Numbers 15:34 (P) + 8 times; be done for, ל pers. Judges 11:37; Esther 6:3, עִם pers v Esther 6:3; ל rei Numbers 15:11 (כָּכָה).

be done upon, against (ב) Daniel 9:12.

(pass. of Qal II):

be made, of concr. things I Kings 10:20 = II Chronicles 9:19 (throne), Jeremiah 3:16 (ark), II Kings 12:14; Ezekiel 43:18; Exodus 25:31; Numbers 4:26 (P); c. acc. mat. Leviticus 2:7.

be produced from (מִן) vine Numbers 6:4.

be prepared, of food Exodus 12:16; Leviticus 6:14; Leviticus 7:9 (all P), Nehemiah 5:18^(×2).

be offered, מִנְחָה Leviticus 2:8, Leviticus 2:11, kid Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:24.

be observed, passover II Kings 23:22, II Kings 23:23 (ל dei) = II Chronicles 35:18, II Chronicles 35:19; Purim Esther 9:28.

be used + ל rei Leviticus 7:24; Leviticus 13:51 (P), Ezekiel 15:5^(×2); cf. Exodus 38:24; I Samuel 8:16.

Pf. 1 s. עֻשֵּׂיתִי Psalms 139:15 I was made.

עֲשָׂהאֵל

n.pr.m. Ασαηλ, 𝔊L Ασσαηλ (on this and foll. cf אֶלְעָשָׂה);—

brother of Joab and Abishai II Samuel 2:18^(×2) + 7 times 2, + II Samuel 3:27, II Samuel 3:30; II Samuel 23:24; I Chronicles 2:16; I Chronicles 11:26; I Chronicles 27:7.

Levites:

II Chronicles 17:8 (Ιασειηλ, Ασιηλ).

II Chronicles 31:13.

post-exil. name Ezra 10:15.

עֲשִׂיאֵל

n.pr.m. Simeonite I Chronicles 4:35, Ασιηλ.

עֲשָׂיָה

n.pr.m. Ασαιας, etc.; 𝔊L in Kgs. Αζαριας;—

servant of Josiah II Kings 22:12, II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:20.

Simeonite I Chronicles 4:36.

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:15; I Chronicles 15:6, I Chronicles 15:11.

I Chronicles 9:5.

עָשָׂה²

vb.

press, squeeze (NH עִשָּׂה Pi. compel; 𝔗 עַסִּי Pa. crush, gnash (teeth); cf. Arabic غَشِىَ compress a woman);—Pf. 3 pl. עִשּׂוּ דַּדֵּי בְּתוּלִים Ezekiel 23:3, Ezekiel 23:8 (unchaste act); Inf. cstr. בַּעֲשׂוֹת … דַּדַּיִךְ v Ezekiel 23:21 read Pi. בְּעַשּׂוֹת (Ew Co Toy, al.).

עֵשָׂו

n.pr.m. Esau, Ησαυ;—Esau, elder son of Isaac Genesis 25:25, Genesis 25:26 + 7 times Genesis 25:25, Genesis 26:34; Genesis 27:1 + 24 times 27, 28; Genesis 32:4 + 15 times Genesis 32, Genesis 33, Genesis 35; Joshua 24:4^(×2) Malachi 1:2, Malachi 1:3; I Chronicles 1:34; identif. with אֱדוֹם Genesis 36:1, Genesis 36:8, Genesis 36:19, ancestor of Edomites v Genesis 36:9, Genesis 36:43, cf. I Chronicles 1:35; dwelling in Mt. Seir Genesis 36:8 (25 times in all, Genesis 36) Deuteronomy 2:5; Joshua 24:4; בְּנֵי עֵשָׂו = Edomites Deuteronomy 2:4, Deuteronomy 2:8, Deuteronomy 2:12, Deuteronomy 2:22, Deuteronomy 2:29; עֵשָׂו = Edom Jeremiah 49:8; Obadiah 1:6, בֵּית עֵשָׂו v Obadiah 1:18^(×2), הַר עֵשָׂו v Obadiah 1:8, Obadiah 1:9, Obadiah 1:19, Obadiah 1:21.

עֵ֫שֶׂק

n.pr.font. in SW. Pal. Genesis 26:20 (expl. as contention);—locality unknown, 𝔊 Ἀδικία.

עֶשֶׂר

n.m. and f. ten (NH = BH; perhaps MI ³³ עשרֿ; Ph. עשר, עסר, עשרת, etc.; Arabic عَشْرٌ, عَشَرَةٌ; Sab. עשר SabDenkm^{No. 11 b, l, 5, 6}, עשרת and cpds. Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዐሥሩ: ዐሠርቱ; Assyrian ešru; 𝔗 עֲסַר, עַסְרָא; עֲשַׂר, עַשְׂרָא; Syriac ܥܣܰܪ, ܥܶܣܪܳܐ; Nab. עשר, all = ten; Palm. עשרתא the Ten (rulers));—m. (c. n.f.) עֶ֫שֶׂר II Samuel 15:16 + 53 times (abs. and cstr. usually indistinguishable); עָ֑שֶׂר I Kings 7:43; I Chronicles 6:46; f. (c. n.m.): abs. עֲשָׂרָה Genesis 24:10 + 69 times; cstr. (prob.) עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת I Samuel 17:18 + 46 times; f.pl. עֲשָׂרֹת Exodus 18:21 + 2 times;—on pl. עֶשְׂרִים, 20, v. infr.;—

a ten, only f.pl. tens in phr. שָׂרֵי ע׳ captains of tens Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25 (E), Deuteronomy 1:15.

ten, enumerating pers. or things, usually without other num.:

עֶ֫שֶׂר bef. n.f.pl., Genesis 45:23 + 43 times; after n. †I Kings 7:27, I Kings 7:43 + late passages Joshua 15:57; Joshua 21:5, Joshua 21:26 (all P), I Chronicles 6:46; II Chronicles 4:7; bef. בָּאַמָּה = ten cubits †I Kings 6:3, I Kings 6:25, I Kings 6:26; I Kings 7:23, I Kings 7:24.

עֲשָׂרָה bef. n.m.pl., Genesis 45:23 + 25 times (incl. ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 II Samuel 18:3; II Kings 24:14 Kt, עֲשֶׂרֶת Qr); bef. n. coll. בָּקָר I Kings 5:3, רֶכֶב II Kings 13:7; also ע׳ לֶתֶם הַזֶּה I Samuel 17:17 these ten loaves, cf. I Kings 14:3; ע׳ אֶלֶף Ezekiel 45:1 read עֶשְׂרִים א׳ 𝔊 Hi Co Berthol Toy; after n.m.pl. †Genesis 32:16^(×2); Genesis 43:3 (all E), Joshua 17:5 (JE), Numbers 29:23 (P), I Kings 7:43; II Chronicles 4:6, II Chronicles 4:8; Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:14, Daniel 1:15 †; after n. coll. צֹאן II Chronicles 30:24; n. om., sc. men, †Genesis 18:32 (J) Amos 5:3; Ezra 8:4; sc. shekels (weight) Genesis 24:22 (J) Numbers 7:14 + 13 times Numbers 7 (ע׳ זָהָב); ע׳ כֶסֶף (sc. shekels, value) II Samuel 18:11; sc. measures (of grain) Haggai 2:16; c. art. the ten Genesis 18:32 (J; sc. men), Nehemiah 11:1 (id. = every ten); as pred. Exodus 27:12^(×2) = Exodus 38:12^(×2) (all P)†.

עֲשֶׂ֫רֶת bef. n.m.pl. Exodus 34:28 + 18 times, + כַּעֲשֶׂרֶת הַיָּמִים I Samuel 25:38 (on art. cf. Weir in Dr, but dub.; prob. om., so 𝔊 We Bu), + ע׳ אֲלָפִים = 10,000 Judges 1:4 + 26 times; n. om. ע׳ כֶּסֶף (sc. shekels) Judges 17:10.

rarely + other num.:

עֶשֶׂר after larger num., מֵאָה וָע׳ שָׁנִים Genesis 50:22, Genesis 50:26; Joshua 24:29 (all E), Judges 2:8.

ע׳ before larger num. עֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים וּתְשַׁע מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה Genesis 5:14 (P).

עֲשָׂרָה after larger num., מֵאָה וַעֲשָׂרָה הַזְּכָרִים Ezra 8:12, cf. (n. preceding) Ezra 1:10.

עֲשָׂרָה after smaller num., שִׁבְעָה שְׁקָלִים וַעֲשָׂרָה הַכָּ֑סֶף Jeremiah 32:9 = seventeen shekels; before smaller num. + n. sg. עֲשָׂרָה וַחֲמִשָּׁה שֶׁקֶל Ezekiel 45:12, but read חֲמִשִּׁים, joining עֲשָׂרָה to preceding, 𝔊^A Hi Co al.

עָשָׂר

n. ten, only after units to make num. 11–19, both cardinal and ordinal; עֶשְׂרֵה c. n.f., עָשָׂר c. n.m., thus:

eleven:

אַחַד עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Genesis 32:23 + 2 times.

אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) II Kings 23:36 + 7 times; also = eleventh I Kings 6:38 II Kings 9:29.

עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Numbers 29:20; ord. Deuteronomy 1:3 + 7 times.

עַשְׁתֵּי עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Exodus 26:7 + 4 times; ord. Jeremiah 1:3 + 4 times.

twelve:

שְׁנֵי(ם) עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Genesis 35:22 + 80 times; ord. I Kings 19:19 + 12 times

שְׁתֵּי(ם) עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Exodus 24:4 + 31 times; ord. II Kings 8:25 + 6 times.

thirteen:

שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.) Numbers 29:14 + 2 times; ord. Esther 3:12 + 7 times.

שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) I Kings 7:1 + 9 times; ord. Genesis 14:4 + 2 times.

fourteen:

אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר Genesis 46:22 + 13 times; ord. Exodus 12:6 + 17 times.

אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 31:41 + 5 times; ord. II Kings 18:13 + 3 times.

fifteen:

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר Hosea 3:2 + 3 times; ord. Exodus 16:1 + 14 times.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר Judges 8:10; II Samuel 19:18.

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה II Kings 14:17 + 9 times; ord. †II Kings 14:23; II Chronicles 15:10.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

sixteen:

שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר Exodus 26:25 + 6 times; ord. I Chronicles 24:14 + 2 times.

שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 46:18 + 13 times.

seventeen:

שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר I Chronicles 7:11 + 2 times; ord. Genesis 7:11 + 3 times.

שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 37:2 + 4 times; ord. I Kings 22:52; II Kings 16:1.—Vid. also עֶשֶׂר 3 d.

eighteen:

עָשָׂר (שְׁמֹנַת) שְׁמֹנָה Genesis 14:4 + 10 times; ord. †I Chronicles 24:15; I Chronicles 25:25.

שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה Judges 3:14 + 6 times; ord. I Kings 15:1 + 8 times.

nineteen:

תִּשְׁעָה עָשָׂר II Samuel 2:30; ord. I Chronicles 24:16; I Chronicles 25:26.

תְּשַׁע עֶשְׂרֵה Genesis 11:25; Joshua 19:38; ord. II Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12. These num. usually take sg. of the nouns most often used, שָׁנָה, יוֹם, חֹדֶשׁ, cf. (sometimes) אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.; otherwise pl.; rarely (late usage) they follow noun, which is then usually pl., e.g. Numbers 29:30; Joshua 15:51 (P), Ezra 8:35^(×2;) Esther 3:13; Esther 8:5, etc. (even שָׁנִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה Nehemiah 5:14), but שָׁנָה precedes ordinal I Kings 6:38, שְׁנַת I Kings 15:1 + 8 times, so יוֹם (c. ord.) II Chronicles 29:17 + 5 times Esther 9; also יוֹם and שָׁנָה (שְׁנַת) both precede and foll. ordinal Numbers 7:72, Numbers 7:78; II Kings 8:25; II Kings 9:29; II Kings 14:23; II Kings 16:1; Jeremiah 32:1; II Kings 25:8 = Jeremiah 52:12.—Vid. also Kö^{ii. 1, 211 ff.} Da^{Synt. § 37 a, also R. 1, 2} Ges^{§§ 92 d, e, 134}, and especially Herner^{Synt. d. Zahlwörter im AT (1893)}; on form in ה—ֵ (prob for י—ַ), Ol^{§ 110} Kö^{ii. 1, 427} W^{SG 138}.

עָשַׂר

vb. denom. take the tenth of, tithe;—

Impf. 3 ms. יַעְשֹׂר I Samuel 8:15, I Samuel 8:17 (c. acc. of thing tithed).

Impf. + Inf. abs. give a tenth of, c. acc. rei: 2 ms. עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר Deuteronomy 14:22; 1 s. עַשֵּׂר אֲעַשְּׂרֶנּוּ לָ֑ךְ Genesis 28:22 (P); Pt. taking the tenth, הַמְעַשְּׂרִים Nehemiah 10:38.

(so usually expl.) Inf. לַעְשֵׂר Deuteronomy 26:12 c. acc. cogn. i.e. taking, reckoning, tithe, but Inf. cstr. with—ֵ improb., < read לְעַשֵּׂר Pi.; בַּעְשֵׂר Nehemiah 10:39 abs., i.e. receiving tithes, but read prob. בַּעְשֹׂר Qal (on anom. points, see Ges^{§ 53 k} Dr Deuteronomy 26:12).

עָשׂוֹר

and (Exodus 12:3) עָשֹׂר n.[m.] a ten, decade;—

usually of days:

a period of ten days Genesis 24:55 (J).

in phr., לַחֹדֶשׁ (עָשׂר) בֶּעָשׂוֹר on the tenth day of the month Leviticus 25:9 (H), Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 40:1; Exodus 12:3; Leviticus 16:29; Leviticus 23:27; Numbers 29:7; Joshua 4:19 (all P), II Kings 25:1 = Jeremiah 52:4, Jeremiah 52:12 (seventh day in ‖ II Kings 25:8).

of strings of instr.: נֵבֶל ע׳ harp, a ten (-stringed one) Psalms 33:2; Psalms 144:9; ע׳ alone Psalms 92:4 upon a ten (-stringed instrument).

עֶשְׂרִים

n.pl.indecl. (a) twenty (ancient pl. of עֶשֶׂר Prä^{BAS i. 376}; NH = BH; Arabic عِشْرُونَ; Assyrian ešrâ; Sab. עשרי Hom^{Chrest. 48}; Ethiopic ዕሥራ: Aramaic עשרין, ܥܶܣܪܝܺܢ; Nab. עשרין);—

as cardinal:

without other num.:

usually sq. n.s. (especially שָׁנָה, אִישׁ, אַמָּה, etc.) Genesis 31:38 I Samuel 14:14 Exodus 38:18 + 64 times, + עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף 20,000 I Chronicles 18:4 + 7 times + Ezekiel 45:1 (reading עֶשְׂרִים אָ֑לֶף, v. עֶשֶׂר 2 b).

sq. n.pl. II Samuel 3:20; Exodus 36:23, Exodus 36:24, Exodus 36:25 + 4 times.

sq. n.s. coll. I Kings 5:3.

n.pl. precedes Genesis 32:15^(×2), Genesis 32:16; II Chronicles 3:3 + 6 times

n. om. Genesis 18:31^(×2) (הָע׳), I Kings 6:2 + 6 times, as pred. Exodus 27:10^(×2), Exodus 27:11^(×2) + 4 times.

+ בָּאַמָּה Zechariah 5:2.

+ other num.:

c. units, usually 20 + (c. וְ) unit + n.s. Judges 10:2, Judges 10:3 I Kings 14:20 + 58 times (incl. 20 + 1 × 1000, etc., 27 times); n. om. Joshua 15:32 + 2 times pred.; less often unit + 20 + n.s. Genesis 11:24 Exodus 38:24 Numbers 8:24 (all P) + 27 times; unit + 20 + בָּאַמָּה Ezekiel 40:21 Exodus 26:2; Exodus 36:9 (both P).

20 + unit + n.pl. Numbers 7:8^(×2) (P), I Chronicles 2:22 + 3 times Chr.

n.pl. + 20 + unit Joshua 19:30 I Chronicles 12:29 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:28).

c. hundreds, 20 usually foll.; sq. n.s. I Kings 9:14 Genesis 6:3 Deuteronomy 31:2 + 7 times; n. om. II Chronicles 3:4 Ezra 2:32 = Nehemiah 7:34; Nehemiah 7:20 + 100 (n. om.) Numbers 7:86.

n.pl. + 100 + 20 I Chronicles 15:5, I Chronicles 15:6;—cf. further מֵאָה.

as ordinal:

20 alone, בִּשְׁנַת ע׳ in the twentieth year I Kings 15:9 + 4 times; n. om. Numbers 10:11 + 3 times.

20 + unit + ns. Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 40:1.

ns. + 20 + unit Haggai 1:15; II Chronicles 7:10 +; ns. + unit + 20 Exodus 12:8; בִּשְׁנַת + 20 + unit I Kings 16:10, etc.—Vid. reff. sub עֶשֶׂר.

עֲשִׂירִי

m., עֲשִׂירִיָּה, and עֲשִׂירִית₈ f. adj. num. ord. tenth;—

דּוֹר עֲשִׂירִי Deuteronomy 23:3, Deuteronomy 23:4; בַּיּוֹם הָע׳ Numbers 7:66 (P); הַחֹדֶשׁ הָע׳ Genesis 8:5 (P) Ezekiel 24:1 + 5 times; בַּחֹדֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂרִי Jeremiah 39:1; ח׳ om. הָעֲשִׂירִי Genesis 8:5 (P), בָּעֲשִׂרִי Ezekiel 29:1; Ezekiel 33:21; other nouns om. הָעֲשִׂירִי I Chronicles 12:13; I Chronicles 25:17; I Chronicles 27:13, הָעֲשִׂרִי I Chronicles 24:11; בַּשָּׁנָה הָעֲשִׂרִית Ezekiel 29:1, בַּשּׁ׳ הָעֲשִׂרִית Jeremiah 32:1.

as subst. a tenth part: f. abs. עֲשִׂרִיָּה Isaiah 6:13; f. cstr. עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה Numbers 28:5, עֲשִׂרִית Exodus 16:36, עֲשִׂירִת Leviticus 5:11; Leviticus 6:13; Numbers 5:15; עֲשִׂירִת הַחֹמֶר Ezekiel 45:11; m. abs. הָעֲשִׂירִי Leviticus 27:32 the tithe (i.e. of cattle, etc.).

עָשׁ

Job 9:9 prob. error for עישׁ, v. עַיִשׁ.

עָשׁ²

v. עשׁשׁ.

עָשָׁן

n.m. Exodus 19:18 smoke;—abs. ע׳ Judges 20:38 +, cstr. עֲשַׁן Joshua 8:20, Joshua 8:21; עֶ֫שֶׁן Exodus 19:18; sf. עֲשָׁנוֹ Exodus 19:18, עֲשָׁנָהּ Isaiah 34:10;—

of burning city Joshua 8:20, Joshua 8:21; Judges 20:38, Judges 20:40, cf. Nahum 2:14; heralding a foe Isaiah 14:31.

in fig. of destruction of Isr. Isaiah 9:17, Edom Isaiah 34:10.

sim. of dust-cloud Song of Songs 3:6; of transitoriness Hosea 13:3 Isaiah 51:6 Psalms 37:20 (reading בֶּע׳, as 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙), Psalms 68:3; Psalms 102:4; sim. of the unpleasant, Proverbs 10:26.

breath of crocodile Job 41:12.

attending theoph., תַּנּוּר ע׳ Genesis 15:17; of mt. Exodus 19:18, cf. sim. כְּע׳ הַכִּבְשָׁן v Exodus 19:18; Isaiah 6:4, also Isaiah 4:5 Joel 3:3.

of God’s anger, ע׳ בְּאַפּוֹ II Samuel 22:9 = Psalms 18:9; so prob. also Isaiah 65:5.

עָשַׁן

vb. denom. smoke, be wroth;—

smoke, Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ of mt. Exodus 19:18, so Impf. 3 mpl. יֶעֱשָׁ֑נוּ (at touch of י׳) Psalms 104:32; Psalms 144:5.

fig., 3 ms. יֶעְשַׁן אַף־י׳, c. ב against, Deuteronomy 29:19 Psalms 74:1. Hence

subj. pers., fume, i.e. be wroth, Pf. 2 ms. עָשַׁנְתָּ בּ׳ Psalms 80:5.

עָשֵׁן

adj. smoking;—ע׳ of mt. Exodus 20:15 (Gi v Exodus 20:13); pl. הָאוּדִים הָעֲשֵׁנִים Isaiah 7:4 the smoking firebrands (dying out; in fig.).

עָשָׁן²

n.pr.loc. in Shephelah of Judah Joshua 15:42, in Simeon according to Joshua 19:7; I Chronicles 4:32, Levit. city I Chronicles 6:44; Ασαν, etc.; = בּוֹר עָשָׁן, q.v. p. 92 supr.

עָשַׁק

vb. oppress, wrong, extort (𝔗 עֲשַׁק = BH, so Old Aramaic עשק; Syriac ܥܫܰܩ accuse, slander; Assyrian adj. ešḳu, strong; Arabic عَسَقٌ roughness, injustice);—

Pf. ע׳ Leviticus 5:21; Ezekiel 18:18; 2 ms. sf. עֲשַׁקְתָּ֫נוּ I Samuel 12:4, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעַשְׁקֻנִי Psalms 119:122; 2 ms. תַּעֲשֹׁק Leviticus 19:13 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. עֲשֹׁק Hosea 12:8, sf. עָשְׁקָם I Chronicles 16:21 Psalms 105:14; Pt. act. עֹשֵׁק Proverbs 14:31 +, fpl. הָעשְׁקוֹת Amos 4:1, etc.; pass. עָשׁוּק Deuteronomy 28:29 +, etc.;—

oppress, wrong (often by extortion, ‖ גָּזַל), c. acc. pers. I Samuel 12:3, I Samuel 12:4 Micah 2:2 Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 19:13; especially the poor and helpless Amos 4:1 Deuteronomy 24:14 Jeremiah 7:6 Ezekiel 22:29 Zechariah 7:10 Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 22:16; Proverbs 28:3 Ecclesiastes 4:1; also c. acc. cogn. ע׳ עשֶׁק (וְ)גָזַל גָּזֵל Ezekiel 18:18 practise extortion, Ezekiel 22:29, take by extortion Leviticus 5:23 and (c. acc. rei) Malachi 3:5; abs. Hosea 12:8 practise extortion; Job 10:3 deal tyrannically (of God); pt. oppressor, extortioner Jeremiah 21:12 Psalms 72:4 Ecclesiastes 4:1; pt. pass. as subst. the oppressed Psalms 103:6; Psalms 146:7.

oppress a nation Isaiah 52:4, cf. Psalms 105:14 = I Chronicles 16:21, Psalms 119:122, pt. act. oppressor v Psalms 119:121, pt. pass. oppressed Jeremiah 50:33, in predict. ע׳ וְגָזוּל Deuteronomy 28:29, ע׳ וְרָצוּץ v Deuteronomy 28:33 Hosea 5:11.

dub. are: יַעְשֹׁק נָהָר Job 40:23 a river oppresses him, i.e. rushes violently upon him (sc.; the hippopot.; Du יָשֹׁק, from שׁוּק; > Gunk Bu יִשְׁקַע fails, sinks); עָשֻׁק בְּדַם נֶפֶשׁ Proverbs 28:17 oppressed (? burdened) with the blood of a person.

Pt. f. הַמְּעֻשָּׁקָה Isaiah 23:12 crushed (of conquered Sidon under fig. of woman).

עֹ֫שֶׁק

n.m. Ecclesiastes 7:7 oppression, extortion;—ע׳ abs. Jeremiah 6:6 +, cstr. Psalms 119:134 Ecclesiastes 5:7;—

Jeremiah 6:6; Jeremiah 22:17; Ezekiel 22:7, Ezekiel 22:12 Psalms 73:8; c. genit. subj. Psalms 119:134, obj. Ecclesiastes 5:7; as acc. cogn. c. עָשַׁק (q.v.) Ezekiel 18:18; Ezekiel 22:29.

national oppression, Isaiah 54:14.

concr., gain of extortion Psalms 62:11, so perhaps Ecclesiastes 7:7; as acc. cogn. Leviticus 5:23 (‖ גָּזֵל).—Isaiah 30:12; Isaiah 59:13 read עִקֵּשׁ Lag Gr al.

עֵ֫שֶׁק

n.pr.m. Benjamite I Chronicles 8:39, Ασηλ, Ασεκ.

עָשְׁקָה

n.f. oppression, distress;—עָֽשְׁקָה־לִי Isaiah 38:14 (cf. Ges ^{§§ 9 v, 48 i}) oppression to me! = I am oppressed, distressed.

עָשׁוֹק

n.[m.] oppressor, extortioner;—Jeremiah 22:3 (= עֹשֵׁק Jeremiah 21:12).

עֲשׁוּקִים

n.pl.abstr. oppression, extortion;—ע׳ Amos 3:9; Job 35:9, עֲשֻׁקִים Ecclesiastes 4:1.

עֹ֫שֶׁר

n.m. I Samuel 18:17, I Samuel 18:25 riches;—ע׳ abs. Genesis 31:16 + 27 times, cstr. Esther 1:4; sf. עָשְׁרוֹ Jeremiah 9:22 + 5 times, עָשְׁרָם Psalms 49:7 Proverbs 14:24; + (or ‖) כָּבוֹד I Kings 3:13 Proverbs 3:16 + 9 times; עָשָׂה ע׳ Jeremiah 17:11, cf. Eng. ‘make money.’

עָשִׁיר

adj. et n. rich;—abs. ע׳ Exodus 30:15 + 19 times; pl. abs. עֲשִׁירִים Ecclesiastes 10:6; cstr. עֲשִׁירֵי Psalms 45:13; sf. עֲשִׁירֶיהָ Micah 6:12;—adj.m. II Samuel 12:1, II Samuel 12:4 (opp. רָאשׁ), Ruth 3:10 (opp. דַּל); usually n.m. the rich, opp. דִּל Proverbs 10:15 + 3 times; opp. רָשׁ II Samuel 12:2; Proverbs 14:20 + 4 times; opp. אֶבְיוֹן Psalms 49:3; alone Jeremiah 9:22 Micah 6:12 + 5 times, + עֲשִׁירֵי עָם Psalms 45:13; ע׳ Isaiah 53:9 is prob. crpt., cf. ‖ רְשָׁעִים; Bö Ry Di-Kit עֹשֵׂי רַע; Krochm Gr Che^Hpt conj. רְשָׁעִים for ע׳, and פֹּשְׁעִים for ר׳.

עָשׁ³

n.m.^{Isaiah 50:9} moth (as waster, consumer);—ע׳ abs., Hosea 5:12 (‖ רָקָב), Isaiah 50:9; Isaiah 51:8; in sim. Psalms 39:12; כְּבֶגֶד אֲכָלוֹ עָשׁ Job 13:28; symbol of fragility Job 4:19.—Job 27:18 read prob. עַכָּבִישׁ q.v.

עֶ֫שֶׁת

n.[m.] plate (as smooth, shiny? NH id., lump or bar of metal);—cstr. ע׳ שֵׁן Song of Songs 5:14 a plate of ivory (Löw in Buhl ^Lex Bu).

עָשׁוֹת

adj. smooth?—only בַּרְזֶל ע׳ Ezekiel 27:19 as merchandise of Tyre; Co עָשׁוּת, i.e. pt. pass., from √ עשׁת forge, or work skilfully; Toy iron skilfully wrought; all dubious.

עַשְׁתֵּי

n.num. one (Assyrian išten, one; išten ešrit, eleven; Dl ^{§ 75}, TelAm. [iš-]tit, first time; v. Gie^{ZAW i (1881), 226} Ges^{§ 97 e} Kö^{ii. 1, 212} and reff.);—only + עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה (q.v.) = eleven, eleventh, Jeremiah 1:3; Jeremiah 39:2 = Jeremiah 52:5 = II Kings 25:2, Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 40:9; Zechariah 1:7; Exodus 26:7, Exodus 26:8; Exodus 36:14, Exodus 36:15; Numbers 7:72; Numbers 29:20 (all P), Deuteronomy 1:3; I Chronicles 12:13; I Chronicles 24:12; I Chronicles 25:18; I Chronicles 27:14.

עַשְׁתֹּ֫רֶת

n.pr.deae. ʿAštōreth, < ʿAštart, ʿAštéreth (v. infr.) (MI¹⁷ עשתר כמש; Ph. עשתרת (+ often in n. pr.), n. pr. עבד עשתר Cook^{Acad. Jan. 18, 1896} Sab. n. pr. dei עתֿתר v. especially Os^{ZMG xx (1866), 279 f.} DHM ^{ib. xxxvii (1883), 376} Fell^{Sab. Götternamen, ZMG liv (1900), 231 ff., especially 237 ff.}; Assyrian Ištar; Old Aramaic Palm. עתר (= עתֿתר) in n. pr.; in Egyptian ʿastirati WMM^{As. u. Eur. 313}; Gk. Ἀστάρτη; on other Gk. equivalents (e.g. Ἀφροδίτη) cf. Lewy^{Fremdw. 148, 186 f. 250});——ֶֹ prob. artificial, to suggest בֹּשֶׁת, orig. -תַּרְתְּ, -תֶּרֶת, cf. Ištar, Ασταρτη, etc.; ע׳ I Kings 11:5 + 2 times; pl. -תָּרוֹת Judges 2:13 + 3 times + -רֹת I Samuel 7:4; I Samuel 31:10 read prob. sg. (Dr al.);—ʿAštart, ʿAštereth (Ασταρτη, pl. Ασταρται, but Judges 10:6; I Samuel 7:4 Ασταρωθ), ancient Sem. goddess (with male counterpart in Moab., Sab. and appar. Ph.); Phoenician diety, עשׁתרת אֱלֹהֵי צִדֹנִים I Kings 11:5, I Kings 11:33, ע׳ שִׁקֻּץ צ׳ II Kings 23:13; so prob. בֵּית ע׳ I Samuel 31:10 (reading sg.; v. especially Dr); elsewhere pl., of various local goddesses, called עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (cf. Assyrian ilâni u ištarat = gods and Ištars (i.e. goddesses), usually + בעל(ים), as Canaanitish deities Judges 2:13; Judges 10:6; I Samuel 7:4; I Samuel 12:10; ‖ אֱלֹהֵי הַנֵּכָר I Samuel 7:3.—Vid. especially Dr ^Ashtoreth in Hast^DB; on Ištar Jastr^{Rel. Bab. pass. especially 202 f.}; on ʿAthtar Bae^{Rel. 117 f.}; on Ph. ʿAštart Pietschm^{Gesch. Phön. 184 f.}; on ʿAshtoreth Barton^{JBL x (1891), 73 ff.} GFM^{Ency. Bib.}

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת

v. foregoing.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת²

n.pl.f. only cstr. in phr. עַשְׁתְּר(וֹ)ת צֹאנֶ֑ךָ ^{Dt 7:13}; Deuteronomy 28:4, Deuteronomy 28:18, Deuteronomy 28:51 (all ‖ שְׁגַר אֲלָפֶיךָ) usually interpr. either as

= ewes (Thes) or as

= young (cf. veneres gregis; in either case with ref. to ʿAštart as goddess of fecundity; RS^{Sem i. 292, 457 f., 2nd ed. 310, 476 f.}, adopting b, thinks one type of ʿAšt. in Canaan had form of sheep, so Dr Deuteronomy 7:13); cf. also عَثَّرِى as name of land fertilized by dew and rain We^{Skizzen iii. 170}.

עַשְׁתָּרוֹת³

n.pr.loc. Ασταρωθ, etc., E. of Jordan (name from worship of diff. forms of ʿAštart; in Egypt. ʿastiratu, as E. Jordan loc. WMM^{As. u. Eur. 162, 313}; cf. TelAm. n. pr. loc. Aštarti);—in Bashan (near Edrei) Deuteronomy 1:4 (-רֹת), Joshua 12:4; Joshua 13:12, Joshua 13:31 (all + אֶדְרֶ֑עִי), Joshua 9:10; I Chronicles 6:56 = בְּעֶשְׁתְּרָה (i.e. בֵּית עַשְׁתָּרָה) Joshua 21:27; also עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם Genesis 14:5 (𝔊 Ασταρωθ Καρναιν, cf. GFM^{JBL xvi (1897), 155 f.} who expl. name as ʿAshtereth of the two-peaked mt.); cf. further, קַרְנַיִם Amos 6:13;—site prob. either Tel ʿAštara, 21 miles E. of Sea of Galilee, or Muzeirib, 8 miles further S.; poss. both occur in OT; cf. especially Dr ^Ashtaroth in Hast^DB Di ^{Gn 14:5} Buhl^{Geogr. 248 ff.} GASm^{Ency. Bib. 335 f.}

עֵת²

עָתִיד

[עָתוּד] adj. ready, prepared;—

abs. עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר Job 15:24 a king ready for the onset; pl. עֲתִדִים לַיּוֹם Esther 3:14 ready for the day, so Esther 8:13 Qr (Kt עתודים).

ready = skilled הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר Job 3:8 those skilled in rousing Leviathan.

prepared = impending (cf. NH = future), fpl. וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת Deuteronomy 32:35 the impending things are hastening (‖ קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם).

prepared = stored up, ועתידתיהם Isaiah 10:13 Kt (Qr וַעֲתוּדֹתֵיהֶם, to differentiate it from above) and their stores have I plundered.

עַתָּה

v. עֵת sub I. ענה.

עֲתָיָה

n.pr.m. Nehemiah 11:4, Αθεα, 𝔊L Αθαρασθας (very dub.); = עוּתַי I Chronicles 9:4.

עֲתַלְיָ֫ה(וּ)

n.pr.f. et m. (? י׳ is exalted);—

f. Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, mother of Ahaziah king of Judah, Γοθολια: -יָתוּ II Kings 8:26; II Kings 11:2, II Kings 11:20 = II Chronicles 22:2, II Chronicles 22:10, II Chronicles 22:11; II Chronicles 23:12, II Chronicles 23:13, II Chronicles 23:21; II Chronicles 24:7; -יָה II Kings 11:1, II Kings 11:3, II Kings 11:13, II Kings 11:14; II Chronicles 22:12.

m.

I Chronicles 8:26 Ογοθολια.

Ezra 8:7 Αθελει, A Αθλια; 𝔊L Γοθονίου (genit.).

עַתְלָ֑י one with foreign wife Ezra 10:28, Θαλι, A Οθαλι.

עָתְנִי

n.pr.m. Levite I Chronicles 26:7, Γοονει, (Γ)οθνι.

עָתְנִיאֵל

n.pr.m. son of Ḳenaz, a hero in Isr., Γοθονιηλ, Joshua 15:17 Judges 1:13; Judges 3:9, Judges 3:11; I Chronicles 4:13^(×2); name of family I Chronicles 27:15.

עָתֵק

vb. move, proceed, advance (NH Hiph.; Assyrian etêḳu as H., also trans. bring, move; Arabic عَتَقَ, عَتُقَ precede, pass forth, become free, grow old; Aramaic ܥܬܶܩ, עֲתַק grow old, Palm. adj. עתק old);—

Pf. 3 fs. עָֽתְקָה Psalms 6:8, 3 pl. עָֽתְקוּ Job 21:7; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְתַּק Job 14:18; Job 18:4;—

move וְצוּר יֶע׳ מִמְּקֹמוֹ Job 14:18, so Job 18:4.

advance (in years; Aramaic sense) Job 21:7 (‖ יִחְיוּ); hence = grow old and weak Psalms 6:8 (of eye, ‖ עָֽשְׁשָׁה).

Pf. 3 pl. הֶעְתִּיקוּ Job 32:16 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v Job 32:15), Proverbs 25:1; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעְתֵּק Genesis 12:8; Genesis 26:22; Pt. מַעְתִּיק Job 9:5;—

move forward (sc. tent) = proceed Genesis 12:8 (מִשָּׁם, ה loc.), Genesis 26:22 (מִשָּׁם); so fig. Job 32:15 (v. supr.) words have moved away from them (מֵהֶם), but v. prob. gloss (Bu al.).

Job 9:5 he who removeth mountains.

very late Proverbs 25:1 transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another; 𝔊 ἐξεγράψαντο, 𝔙 transtulerunt; so in mediaeval Heb.: Zunz^{ZMG xxv (1871), 447 f. = Ges Schr. iii. 66 f.}).

עָתָק

adj. forward, arrogant (of speech) (Thes free (v. Arabic), unrestrained);—I Samuel 2:3 Psalms 31:19; Psalms 94:4; so also Psalms 75:6 (cf. צַוָּאר).

עָתֵק²

adj. Thes (ancient and so) valuable; < advanced, eminent, surpassing (cf. عتيق preceding, hence surpassing, choice Lane ¹⁹⁴⁷);—הוֹן ע׳ Proverbs 8:18 eminent wealth.

עָתִיק

adj. eminent, surpassing, choice (v. עָתֵק);—מְכַסֶּה ע׳ Isaiah 23:18 choice attire.

עַתִּיק

adj. removed, old;—

removed, עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם Isaiah 28:9 i.e. weaned (‖ גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב; on cstr. v. Ges^{§ 130 a}).

old, ancient (Aramaism: עַתִּיק, ܥܰܬܻܝܩ old), הַדְּבָרִים עַתִּיקִים I Chronicles 4:22.

עֲתֶ֫רֶת

n.f. abundance (Aramaism, si vera l.);—cstr. Jeremiah 33:6 I will reveal to them abundance of peace, etc. (corrupt according to Gie Buhl^Lex; Vrss. render variously).