BDB (original) — ח (525)

חַד (Aramaic)

adj. one, a;—ms. ח׳ Daniel 2:31 +; fs. חֲדָה Ezra 4:8 +;—

one side Daniel 7:5; n. om. Daniel 6:3; חֲדָה Daniel 2:9 = one and invariable (inevitable); כַּחֲדָה v Daniel 2:35 as one, altogether (so S-C^{K 3} 𝔗, and late BH כְּאֶחָד Ezra 2:64 +); = ordinal, שְׁנַת חֲדָה first year Ezra 7:1; Ezra 5:13; Ezra 6:3; ח׳ = a certain one (τινὰ) Daniel 7:16 (c. מִן partit.).

a (indef. art.) c. subst. Daniel 2:31; Daniel 6:18; Daniel 4:16 (v. שָׁעָה), Ezra 4:8; Ezra 6:2, חַד שִׁבְעָה Daniel 3:19 = seven-fold (as Syriac: Nö^{§ 241} PS ¹¹⁹⁴; cf.Exodus 16:5 𝔖), v. K^{§ 66, 2}.

חֲבַל (Aramaic)

vb.

destroy, hurt (v. BH II. חבל);—Pf. 3 mpl. sf. חַבְּלוּנִי Daniel 6:23 (of lions); Imv. mpl. sf. חַבְּלוּהִי Daniel 4:20 (sf. of tree); Inf. לְחַבָּלָה Ezra 6:12 (acc. of temple).

be destroyed: Impf. 3 fs. לָא תִּתְחַבַּל Daniel 2:44; Daniel 6:27; Daniel 7:14 (-בַּ֑ל; all of kingdom of God).

חֲבָל (Aramaic)

n.m. ^{Daniel 6:24} hurt, injury;—abs. ח׳ Daniel 3:25; Daniel 6:24, cf. RÉS ^{362 A 2}; emph. חֲבָלָא Ezra 4:22.

חַגַּי (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. prophet (BH id.);—Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14.

חֲדִי (Aramaic)

n.m. breast (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH II. חזה);—du. (Schulth^{ZAW xxii (1902), 164}) sf. חֲדוֹ֫חִי Daniel 2:32.

חֲדַ֑ת (Aramaic)

adj. new (𝔗 Syriac; BH חדשׁ);—ח׳ Ezra 6:4.

חוּט (Aramaic)

vb. repair (foundations);—

Impf. 3 mpl. יַחִ֫יטוּ Ezra 4:12 (si vera l. [Nö^{GGA, 1884, 1018} Str^{§ 13 b}

חִוָּר (Aramaic)

adj. white (𝔗 Syriac; BH I. [חָוַר]);—Daniel 7:9 (robe).

חֲזָה (Aramaic)

vb. see, behold (v. BH);—

Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Daniel 4:20; Daniel 7:1; 2 ms. חֲזַ֫יְתָ Daniel 2:43 +, -תָה Daniel 2:41^(×2); 1 s. חֲזֵית v Daniel 2:26 +; 2 mpl. חֲזֵיתוּן Daniel 2:8; Pe. Inf. לְמֶחֱזֵא֑ Ezra 4:14; Pt. act. חָזֵה Daniel 2:31 + 14 times; pl. חָזַ֫יִן Daniel 3:27; Daniel 5:23; pass. חֲזֵה Daniel 3:19;—

see, have sense of sight Daniel 5:23.

see, behold:

acc. pers. Daniel 3:25, c. ל v Daniel 3:27, acc. rei Daniel 5:5.

see, witness dishonour of king (acc.) Ezra 4:14.

usually behold in dream or vision (often pt. in periphrast. conj.), acc. pers., Daniel 4:20, acc. rei Daniel 2:41^(×2), Daniel 2:43; Daniel 4:17, abs. Daniel 2:34; Daniel 7:4, Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:9, Daniel 7:11^(×2), Daniel 7:21, + אֲלוּ Daniel 2:31; Daniel 4:7, Daniel 4:10, אֲרוּ Daniel 7:2, Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:13; c. obj. cl. Daniel 2:8, Daniel 2:45; behold a dream, acc. חֵלֶם, Daniel 2:26; Daniel 4:2, Daniel 4:6, Daniel 4:15; Daniel 7:1.

pass. = customary (seemly) Daniel 3:19 (so 𝔗 Leviticus 5:10 al., v. Dr).

חֲיָא (Aramaic)

vb. live (v. BH חָיָה);—

Imv. לְעָֽלְמִין חֱיִי live for ever! Daniel 2:4; Daniel 3:9; Daniel 5:10; Daniel 6:7, Daniel 6:22.

Pt. מַחֵא (K^{§ 11, 3 b) γ}) Hpt^{Kmp. Dn. 28}) Daniel 5:19 let live.

חַי (Aramaic)

adj. living (BH id.);—

of God: cstr. חַי Daniel 4:31, emph. חַיָּא Daniel 6:21, Daniel 6:27; men, pl. emph. חַיַּיָּא the living Daniel 2:30; Daniel 4:14 (חַי עָֽלְמָא).

pl. as n. abstr. life (BH חַיִּים): חַיִּין Daniel 7:12; cstr. חַיֵּי Ezra 6:10.

חֵיוָא (Aramaic)

n.f. beast (BH ii. חַיָּה);—abs. א—ָ Daniel 4:13, ה—ָ Daniel 7:5, Daniel 7:7; emph. חֵיוְתָא Daniel 7:6, Daniel 7:11, Daniel 7:19, Daniel 7:23, and (coll.) Daniel 4:11, Daniel 4:12; Daniel 5:21; cstr. (coll.) חֵיוַת בָּרָא Daniel 2:38; Daniel 4:9, Daniel 4:18, Daniel 4:20, Daniel 4:22, Daniel 4:29; pl. abs. חֵיוָן Daniel 7:3, emph. חֵיוָתָא Daniel 7:7, Daniel 7:12, Daniel 7:17.

חַ֫יִל (Aramaic)

n.m. power, strength, army (v. BH II. חול, חיל);—

power: abs. בְּאֶדְרָע וְחָ֑יִל Ezra 4:23 by force and power; קרא בְח׳ i.e. call loudly Daniel 3:4, בְּחַיִל Daniel 4:11; Daniel 5:7; גִּבָּרֵי־ח׳ Daniel 3:20 mighty men of power.

force, army, sf. חַיְלֵהּ Daniel 3:20; cstr. חֵיל שְׁמַיָּא Daniel 4:32 (= BH צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם).

חָכְמָה (Aramaic)

n.f. wisdom;—ח׳ abs. Daniel 2:30 +, emph. חָכְמְתָא Daniel 2:20 +, cstr. חָכְמֶת Daniel 5:11; Ezra 7:25;—wisdom, attrib. of God Daniel 2:20; of gods Daniel 5:11; of man Daniel 2:30; of God imparted to man Ezra 7:25 (practical wisdom), Daniel 2:21; = occult knowledge (v. foregoing) imparted to men v Daniel 2:23; Daniel 5:11, Daniel 5:14.

חֵ֫לֶם (Aramaic)

n.m. Daniel 4:2 dream (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH חֲלוֹם, √ II. חלם);—abs. ח׳ Daniel 4:2; Daniel 7:1; emph. חֶלְמָא Daniel 2:4 +; sf. הֶלְמִי Daniel 4:6, -מָךְ Daniel 2:28; pl. חֶלְמִין Daniel 5:12;—dream, as vehicle or revelation Daniel 2:4 + 10 times, Daniel 4:3 + 6 times, Daniel 5:12; to prophet Daniel 7:1.

חֲלָק (Aramaic)

n.[m.] portion, possession, lot (v. BH);—abs. ח׳ possession in land Ezra 4:16; sf. חֲלָקֵהּ Daniel 4:12, Daniel 4:20, i.e. his appointed lot.

חֱמָא (Aramaic)

חֲמַר (Aramaic)

n.m. wine (𝔗 Syriac; BH חֶמֶר (poet. and late), √ I. חמר);—abs. ח׳ Ezra 6:9; Ezra 7:22; emph. חַמְרָא Daniel 5:1, Daniel 5:2, Daniel 5:4, Daniel 5:23.

חֲנֻכָּה (Aramaic)

n.f. dedication (𝔗; BH id., √ חנך);—cstr. חֲנֻכַּת, of image Daniel 3:2, Daniel 3:3; temple Ezra 6:16, Ezra 6:17.

חֲנַנְיָה (Aramaic)

n.pr.m. (= BH id. 5);—Daniel 2:17.

חֲסַף (Aramaic)

n.[m.] clay, potsherd (𝔗 id.; Chr-Pal. ܚܣܦܐ clay vessel, ܚܨܒܢܐ pl. potsherds Schulth ⁶⁸, Syriac ܚܶܨܦܳܐ potsherd; 𝔗 חַצְבָא, NH חָצָב clay vessel; Assyrian ḫaṣbu, id.; ܚܨܰܦ jar (PS ¹²³⁸), whence Arabic خَزَفٌ pottery Frä ¹⁶⁹, but Sab. חסף jar, according to Hom^{ZMG xlvi (1892), 532}; cf. Ethiopic ܚܶܙܒܳܐ: jar (transp.; Di ¹²⁶⁵); v. BH [חַסְפַּם]);—ח׳ abs. Daniel 2:41 (ח׳ דִּי פֶּחָר), חֲסַ֑ף v Daniel 2:33, Daniel 2:42; cstr. ח׳ טִינָא v Daniel 2:41, Daniel 2:43; emph. חַסְפָּא v Daniel 2:34, Daniel 2:35, Daniel 2:43, Daniel 2:45.

חַרְטֹם (Aramaic)

n.m. magician (BH id., √ I. חרט);—abs. Daniel 2:10; pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּין Daniel 2:27; Daniel 5:11; emph. -מַּיָּא Daniel 4:4, Daniel 4:6.

חֱמָא² (Aramaic)

n.f. rage;—abs. Daniel 3:19, חֲ׳ v Daniel 3:13.

חַד

adj. = אֶחָד Ezekiel 33:30 del. Co, cf. 𝔊.

חִירָם

n.pr.m. Hiram (Ph. חרם; abbr. from foregoing)—ח׳ II Samuel 5:11 + 18 times 1 K + Kt I Chronicles 14:1 II Chronicles 4:11; II Chronicles 9:10 (all Qr חוּרָם); חִירוֹם I Kings 5:24, I Kings 5:32; I Kings 7:40; also חוּרָם I Chronicles 8:5 + 9 times Ch.—

king of Tyre, contemp. of David & Solomon II Samuel 5:11 I Kings 5:15^(×2), I Kings 5:16, I Kings 5:21, I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:24, I Kings 5:25^(×2), I Kings 5:26, I Kings 5:32; I Kings 9:11^(×2), I Kings 9:12, I Kings 9:14, I Kings 9:27; I Kings 10:11, I Kings 10:22 I Chronicles 14:1 II Chronicles 2:2, II Chronicles 2:10, II Chronicles 2:11; II Chronicles 8:2, II Chronicles 8:18; II Chronicles 9:10, II Chronicles 9:21.

an artificer of Tyre, sent by Hiram the king I Kings 7:13, I Kings 7:40^(×2), I Kings 7:45 II Chronicles 2:12; II Chronicles 4:11^(×2), II Chronicles 4:16.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:5.

חִיאֵל

n.pr.m. (prob. (אֲ)חִיאֵל brother of Ēl, 𝔊 Ἀχειηλ; cf. חירם & Ph. חמלך, etc.; v. Bae^{Rel 156}) a Bethelite, rebuilder of Jericho I Kings 16:34.

חָבַב

vb. love (NH Pi. id.; Arabic حَبَّ be loved; Ethiopic ተሐበበ amore alicujus incendi Di; Aramaic ܚܰܒ kindle, be set on fire, ܚܰܒܶܒ, חַבֵּב love, embrace, חוּבָּא bosom)—

Pt. אַף חֹבֵב עַמִּים Deuteronomy 33:3 (Di reads עַמּוֹ, cf. 𝔊).

חֹבָב

n.pr.m. (cf. Ph. n.pr. חב; We^{Skizzen iii, 171. 217} suggests compar. with حُباب serpent)—son of Reuel, חֹתֵן of Moses (v. חתן), Numbers 10:29 (JE), Judges 4:11; ins. ח׳ prob. also Judges 1:16, v. GFM.

חֻבָּה

n.pr.m. a descendant of Asher, I Chronicles 7:34 (read וְחֻבָּה, so Qr; > Kt יְחֻבָּה).

חָבָה

vb. withdraw, hide, cf. חבא;—

Imv. ms. חֲבִי Isaiah 26:20 (Aramaic form, Ol^{§ 235, 3} Ew^{§ 224 c} Du; Di reads חֲבֵי = חֲבֵה), withdraw into privacy (‖ בֹּא בַחֲדָרֶיךָ).

Pf. וְנֶחְבָּה consec. Jeremiah 49:10; וְנַחְבֵּתֶם consec. Joshua 2:16 (JE); Inf. לְהֵחָבֵה (as ל״א) I Kings 22:25 II Kings 7:12; withdraw, hide oneself, lit. Joshua 2:16 (JE), sq. שָׁמָּה; II Kings 7:12 c. בְּ loc.; I Kings 22:25; of Esau = Edom, hiding from judgment of י׳, וְנֶחְבָּה לֹא יוּכָ֑ל Jeremiah 49:10, as pointed, meant no doubt as pf., but constr. then hard; read rather inf. abs. נַחְבֹּה; so Gf Gie al. (v. Kö^{i. 624}).

חֶבְיוֹן

n.[m.] hiding, hiding-place, or < veil, envelope, only cstr. וְשָׁם ח׳ עֻזֹּה Habakkuk 3:4 (< 𝔊 𝔖 Hi-St Gr וְשָׂם and he maketh, cf. Psalms 18:12).

חֶבְ֗יוֹן

v. sub חבה.

חָבַל

vb. bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind; cf. Aramaic ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and dub.); especially ܚܰܒܠܴܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܴܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, especially of travail; Sab. חבל border-territory, or field, Sab, Denkm ^48.49; Ethiopic ጠበለ Zim^{BP 93 n.}, comp. Assyrian naḫbalu, rope, snare)—

Pf. חָבָ֑ל Ezekiel 18:16 Impf. יַחֲבֹל Deuteronomy 24:6; 2 ms. תַּחֲבֹל Deuteronomy 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Exodus 22:25 Job 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Job 24:3; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Job 24:9; Imv. sf. חַבְלֵהוּ Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13; Inf. abs. חָבֹל Exodus 22:25; Pt. act. חֹבֵל Deuteronomy 24:6, cf. חֹבְלִים Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:14 (name of מַקֵּל); pass. חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8;—

bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zechariah 11:7, Zechariah 11:14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially

bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, sq. acc. pers. Proverbs 20:16; Proverbs 27:13 Job 22:6; take or hold in pledge, sq. acc. rei Exodus 22:25 (JE), Deuteronomy 24:6^(×2), Deuteronomy 24:17 Job 24:3; sq. acc. cogn. חֲבֹל Ezekiel 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Job 24:9 prob. pregn. (v. Di) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Amos 2:8 garments taken in pledge.

Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Proverbs 13:13 becometh pledged to it (i.e. pledged to pay the penalty, opp. יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם), so Ew Hi De Now Str RV^m VB. > sub II. חָבַל q.v.

Pf. 3 fs. חִבְּלָה Song of Songs 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Song of Songs 8:5; Impf. יְחַבֶּל־ Psalms 7:15;—writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Song of Songs 8:5^(×2) (c. acc. of child; ‖ יְלָדָ֑תְךָ); metaph. of wicked man יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ Psalms 7:15.

חֶ֫בֶל

n.m. ^{Joshua 2:14} f. †Zephaniah 2:6 (but v. infr.) cord, territory, band; ח׳ abs. Joshua 2:15 +; cstr. Deuteronomy 3:4 +, חֵ֫בֶל Joshua 19:29; sf. חַבְלוֹ Job 18:10; pl. חֲבָלִים II Samuel 8:2 + 10 times + Ezekiel 47:13 Job 21:7 v. infr.; cstr. חַבְלֵי Joshua 17:5 + 5 times; חֶבְלֵי Psalms 116:3 + 4 times + Psalms 18:5 (read משׁברי v. infr.); sf. חֲבָלָ֑יִךְ Isaiah 33:23; חֲבָלָיו Isaiah 33:20;—

cord, rope, by which men were lowered Joshua 2:15 (JE), Jeremiah 38:6, Jeremiah 38:11, Jeremiah 38:12, Jeremiah 38:13, or stones dragged II Samuel 17:13; of tents Isaiah 33:20; tackling of ship v Isaiah 33:23; for binding Ezekiel 27:24 Job 40:25 Esther 1:6; symbol of captivity or subjection I Kings 20:31, I Kings 20:32; fig. of snare for wicked Job 18:10 (‖ מַלְכֻּדְתּוֹ), set by wicked Psalms 140:6 (‖ פַּח); Psalms 119:61 cords of wicked men have surrounded me; of wicked held בחבלי חַטָּאתוֹ Proverbs 5:22; ח׳ הַשָּׁ֑וְא Isaiah 5:18 cords (ropes) of wickedness (‖ כַּעֲבוֹת הָעֲגָלָה); of cords of distress (עֹ֑נִי) Job 36:8 (‖ זִקִּים); so חֶבְלֵי מָוֶת (prob.) Psalms 116:3, חֶבְלֵי שׁאוֹל Psalms 18:6 = II Samuel 22:6 (‖ מוֹקְשֵׁי מָוֶת);—for חֶבְלֵי מות Psalms 18:5 read מִשְׁבְּרֵי, v. II Samuel 22:5 and ‖ נַחֲלֵי בְלִיַּעַל, De Che Bae; to draw בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם Hosea 11:4 (i.e. humanely, kindly); of cord of life חֶבֶל הַכֶּסֶף Ecclesiastes 12:6.

measuring-cord, line ח׳ מִדָּה Zechariah 2:5; so ח׳ alone II Samuel 8:2^(×3) Amos 7:17 Micah 2:5 Psalms 78:55; fig. (of favoured life) Psalms 16:6; in gen. of one’s portion, fortune Job 21:17 according to 𝔗 Thes Add. Ew Di al., but < v. חֵבֶל. Thence

measured portion, lot, part, region, ח׳ נַחֲלָה inherited portion Deuteronomy 32:9 I Chronicles 16:18 = Psalms 105:11; also ח׳ alone Joshua 17:5, Joshua 17:14; Joshua 19:9 Ezekiel 47:13 (חבלים; 𝔙 𝔗 read as dual, v. Ew Sm Da al.; Co del. on intern. grounds); of particular regions ח׳ אַרְגֹּב Deuteronomy 3:4, Deuteronomy 3:13, Deuteronomy 3:14 I Kings 4:13; ח׳ אַכְזִיב Joshua 19:29 (si vera l., v. WMM^{Asien 194}); ח׳ הַיָּם Zephaniah 2:5; also v Zephaniah 2:6, but היתה ח׳ here dub.; Sta proposes 2 fs. הָיִת, and del. ח׳ הים; without היס, v Zephaniah 2:7.

band, company of prophets I Samuel 10:5, I Samuel 10:10.—ii. חֶבֶל v. sub ii. חָבַל.

חֵ֫בֶל

n.m. ^{Isaiah 66:7} (but v. Jeremiah 49:24) pain, pang;—ח׳ abs. Isaiah 66:7; elsewhere pl. חֲבָלִים Isaiah 13:8 + 3 times + Job 21:17 v. infr.; cstr. חֶבְלֵי Hosea 13:13; sf. חֲבָלֶיהָ Isaiah 26:17; חֶבְלֵיהֶם Job 39:3 (on sf. v. Ges^{§ 135, 5, R 1});—pain, pang:

pains of travail:

obj. of תְּשַׁלַּחְנָה Job 39:3 meton. for offspring (‖ יַלְדֵיהֶן; v. Di; of goats and hinds).

sim. of distress of exiles Isaiah 26:17; fig. of anguish of nations צִירִים וַחֲבָלִים יֹאחֵזוּן Isaiah 13:8 (‖ כַּיּוֹלֵדָה יְחִילוּן), also Jeremiah 13:21; Jeremiah 22:23; Jeremiah 49:24; of crisis of redemption Hosea 13:13 (‖ חֶבְלֵי יוֹלֵדָה), of birth of new Isr. Isaiah 66:7.

of other than birth-pangs only חבלים Job 21:17; pains, pangs, sorrows (so 𝔊 𝔙 Thes,—otherwise Add.—RobGes Hi Da al.; ‖ נֵר יִדְעָ֑ךְ, יָבֹא אֵידָם); > others, portion, fortune, v. חֶבֶל.

חֲבֹל

n.[m.] pledge (as binding)—יָשִׁיב ח׳ Ezekiel 18:12; Ezekiel 33:15; as cogn. acc. c. חָבַל Ezekiel 18:16.

חֲבֹלָה

n.f. id. (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 179})—חֲבֹלָתוֹ Ezekiel 18:7.

חִבֵּל

n.[m.] prob. mast (as corded or roped in place; denom. from חֶבֶל)—only in sim. of drunken man שֹׁכֵב בְּרֹאֹשׁ ח׳ Proverbs 23:34 (opp. שֹׁכֵב בְּלֶב־יָם) i.e. in the lookout-basket at the mast-head, cf. Thes in carchesio.—𝔊 𝔙 read חֹבֵל.

חֹבְלִים

n.[m.]pl. union (lit. binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff Zechariah 11:7 and c. art. v Zechariah 11:14. See חָבַל 1.

חָבַל²

vb. act (ruinously) corruptly (NH id. wound, injure; Arabic خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); Assyrian ḫabâlu, injure, VR^{62, 11}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Ethiopic ተሐበለ be arrogant, audacious; Sab. חֿבל DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 48}; cf. Palm. חבל mortuus Vog^{No. 161} and often)—

Pf. 1 pl. חָבַלְנוּ Nehemiah 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אֶחְבֹּל Job 34:31; Inf. cstr. (used as abs.) Nehemiah 1:7;—act corruptly against, חֲבֹל חבלנו לְ Nehemiah 1:7; abs. Job 34:31.

Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Proverbs 13:13 shall be ruined (לֵ reflex.), Thes RobGes AV RV, but < I. חָבַל (v. p. 286).

ruin, destroy: Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Ecclesiastes 5:5, subj. God. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micah 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but read rather תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ נ׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so 𝔊 Roorda Che. Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּל c. acc., the poor Isaiah 32:7, the land Isaiah 13:5; abs. Isaiah 54:16; cf. Pt. pl. מְחַבְּלִים Song of Songs 2:15 c. acc. of foxes ruining vineyards.

Pf. 3 ms. וְחֻבַּל consec. Isaiah 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; RS^{JPh. xiii. 1885, p. 62} proposes יחדל, cf. also Che^{crit. n.}; and rem. by Di Du; 3 fs. חֻבָּ֑לָה Job 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖ יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ); Impf. 2 mpl. תְּחֻבְּלוּ Micah 2:10 (emend.: v. supr.)

חֶ֫בֶל²

n.m. destruction—חֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Micah 2:10; cf. ii. חָבַל Pi.

חֲבַצֶּלֶת

n.f. meadow-saffron or crocus (colchicum autumnale, Linn.) (Syriac ܚܰܡܨܰܠܳܝܬܳܐ, v. Ges^Comm. Isaiah 35:1 Löw^{p. 174, No. 128}; Assyrian ḫabaṣillatu VR^{32, 62} is a marsh-plant, reed; cf. Zim^{BP 59} Dl^{HA 34; Pr 82}; also Che^l.c. and crit. n.);—ח׳ הַשָּׁרוֹן שׁוֹשַׁנַּת הָעֲמָקִים Song of Songs 2:1 (fig. of Shulamite), וְתָגֵל עֲרָבָה וְתִפְרַח כַּחֲבַצָּֽלֶת׃ Isaiah 35:1 (narcissus Che Isaiah 35:1 cf. Conder^{PEF, 1878, 46} Tristr^{NHB 476} al.)

חֲבַצִּנְיָה

n.pr.m. a Rechabite Jeremiah 35:3, 𝔊 Χαβασ(ε)ιν.

חָבַק

vb. clasp, embrace (NH id.; 𝔗 חַבֵּקֹ; Mand.. ܚܒܰܩ, NSyr. ܚܦܩ; Arabic حَبَقَ ii. collect one’s possessions, etc., Frey)—

Inf. לַחֲבוֹק Ecclesiastes 3:5; Pt. חֹבֵק Ecclesiastes 4:5; חֹבֶקֶת II Kings 4:16;—embrace, c. acc. בֵּן II Kings 4:16; יָדָיו Ecclesiastes 4:5 (said of הַכְּסִיל = fold his arms, i.e. be idle; cf. חִבֻּק); no obj. expr. Ecclesiastes 3:5 (‖ Pi).

Pf. חִבְּקוּ Job 24:8 Lamentations 4:5; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּק Genesis 48:10; וַיְחַבֶּק־ Genesis 29:13; וַיְחַבְּקֵהוּ Genesis 33:4; 3 fs. sf. תְּחַבְּקֵ֫נִי Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3; 2 ms. וּתְחַבֵּק Proverbs 5:20, sf. תְּחַבְּקֶ֫נָּה Proverbs 4:8; Inf. חַבֵּק Ecclesiastes 3:5;—embrace of pers., no obj. עת לִרְחֹק מֵחַבֵּק Ecclesiastes 3:5 (‖ Qal); sq. לְ Genesis 29:13 (J), Genesis 48:10 (E); sq. sf. Genesis 33:4 (J), Proverbs 4:8 Song of Songs 2:6; Song of Songs 8:3; c. acc. Proverbs 5:20; embrace צוּר for want of shelter Job 24:8 (of poor); embrace refuse-heaps אשׁפתות Lamentations 4:5, i.e. are outcasts.

חִבֻּק

n.[m.] a clasping, folding of the hands, only cstr. מְעַט ח׳ יָדַיִם לִשְׁכָּ֑ב Proverbs 6:10; Proverbs 24:33 (cf. חָבַק Qal).

חֲבַקּוּק

n.pr.m. the prophet Habakkuk Habakkuk 1:1; Habakkuk 3:1; 𝔊 Ἀμβακουμ (Assyrian ḫambaḳûḳu is name of a plant, Dl^{HA 36, Pr 84}, so حبقبق in Yemen (Schweinfurth) v. Hom^{Aufsätze u. Abh. 1892, 27, 28}).

חָבַר

vb. unite (usually intr.), be joined, tie a magic knot or spell, charm (NH id.; Ethiopic ኀበረ yet Assyrian [abâru], ubburu, bind, ban (of spells), ibru, friend, and many deriv., Dl^{W 51 ff.}; Aramaic ܚܰܒܰܪ, חַבֵּר and many deriv.; cf. Ph. n. חבר associate)—

Pf. 3 mpl. חָֽבְרוּ Genesis 14:3; Pt. act. m. חֹבֵר Deuteronomy 18:11, חוֹבֵר Psalms 58:6; fpl. חֹבְרֹת Exodus 26:3^(×2) + 2 times + Ezekiel 1:9 (cf. infr.), חוֹבְרוֹת Ezekiel 1:11; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲבוּר Hosea 4:17 (yet. v. infr.);—

unite, be joined:

of allies, sq. אֶל־ loc. Genesis 14:3, constr. praegn. = came as allies unto; pt. pass. fig. חֲבוּר עֲצַבִּים אֶפְרָ֖יִם Hosea 4:17 Ephr. is joined to idols (but We reads חבר, v. חָבֵר 2 d, and cf. חֲבֵרָיו Isaiah 44:11, חֲבֶרְתְּךָ Malachi 2:14).

of one thing reaching to, touching another; wings of Ezek.’s living creatures sq. אֶל־ rei, Ezekiel 1:9 (del. 𝔊 B Co, but v. Sm); cf. ח׳ אישׁ v Ezekiel 1:11, i.e. joining each one (trans.), < 𝔊 𝔖 Co ח׳ אשׁה אל־אחותה (as v Ezekiel 1:9), united each to the other; so of curtains of tabernacle, sq. אֶל־ rei Exodus 26:3^(×2); abs. joined together, of shoulder pieces of ephod Exodus 28:7; Exodus 39:4 (all P; cf. also Pu).

tie magic knots, charm (RS^{JPh. xiv.1885, 123} thinks meaning charm is der. from nectere verba, and comp. Arabic خَبَر, narrative); only c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חָ֑בֶר Deuteronomy 18:11 (in a long series of kindred phrases), specif. of charming serpents Psalms 58:6 (‖ מְלַחֲשִׁים).

Pf. 3 ms. חִבַּר Psalms 36:10; 2 ms. וְחִבַּרְתָּ֫ Exodus 26:6 + 2 times; Impf. וַיְחַבֵּר Exodus 36:10 + 2 times; sf. וַיְחַבְּרֵהוּ II Chronicles 20:36; Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּר Exodus 36:18;—

make an ally of, unite one with, only ויחברהו עִמּוֹ II Chronicles 20:36 and he united him with himself, sq. Inf. of purpose.

unite, join (trans.), only Ex (P), of tabern., obj. the curtains, sq. acc. + אֶל־ rei Exodus 26:6; Exodus 36:10^(×2), Exodus 36:13; sq. acc. only Exodus 26:9; Exodus 36:16; obj. את־האהל join the tent together, Exodus 26:11; Exodus 36:18.

Pf. 3 ms. חֻבָּ֑ר Exodus 39:4, וְחֻבָּ֑ר consec. Exodus 28:7 (but v. infr.), 3 fs. שֶׁחֻבְּרָה־ Psalms 122:3; Impf. 3 ms. יְחֻבַּר Ecclesiastes 9:4 Qr (Kt יבחר v. infr.); sf. הַיְחָבְרְךָ Psalms 94:20 (Kö^{i. 257 f.}; Ges Ew Bö De al. as Qal);—

be allied with thee (sf. ref. to י׳) Psalms 94:20;

be united to = be one of, מי אשׁר יְח׳ אל כל־הַחַיִּם whoever is united to all the living (Kt יבחר is meaningless) Ecclesiastes 9:4.

be joined together, of ephod עַל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹותָ֯ו ח׳ Exodus 39:4 by its two edges was it joined together; cf. ‖ Exodus 28:7 (where MT אֶל־שְׁנֵי קְצוֹתָיו וְחֻבָּ֑ר < 𝔊 Sam which read עַל־שׁ׳ ק׳ יְחֻבָּ֑ר); עִיר שֶׁח׳־לָהּ Psalms 122:3 joined together for itself, i.e. compactly built (of Jerusalem).

Impf. 1 s. אַחְבִּ֫ירָה עליכם בְּמִלִּים Job 16:4 I could make a joining with words (i.e. join words together RV VB) against you.

(late) Pf. אֶתְחַבֵּר (Ges^{§ 54, 1 n.}) II Chronicles 20:35; Impf. יִתְחַבָּ֑רוּ Daniel 11:6; Inf. sf. הִתְחַבֶּרְךָ II Chronicles 20:37; Aramaic form הִתְחַבְּרוּת Daniel 11:23 (Ges^{§ 54, 3 R. 1});—join oneself to, make an alliance with, sq. עִם pers. II Chronicles 20:35, II Chronicles 20:37, sq. אֶל־ pers. Daniel 11:23; recipr. league together (abs.) Daniel 11:6.

חֶ֫בֶר

n.[m.] company, association, spell—abs. חָ֑בֶר Deuteronomy 18:11 + 2 times; cstr. חֶבֶר Hosea 6:9; pl. חֲבָרִים Psalms 58:6, sf. חֲבָרַיִךְ Isaiah 47:9, Isaiah 47:12;—

company, band of (bad) priests Hosea 6:9.

association, society (abstr.), only in בֵּית חָ֑בֶר Proverbs 21:9 = Proverbs 25:24 house of association, i.e. shared with a contentious woman (house in common, v. RV^m VB).

spell:

as acc. cogn. c. חָבַר (q.v.) Deuteronomy 18:11 Psalms 58:6.

alone, of Babylonian magic Isaiah 47:9, Isaiah 47:12 (v. Len^{Chald. Magic [1878]; Magie u. Wahrsagekunst, 1878}; Scholz^{Götzendienst u. Zauberwesen, 1877, 80 ff.} Say^{TBA iii. 145 ff. and Rel. Bab 396 ff., 440 ff.}).

חֶ֫בֶר²

n.pr.m.

חֶבֶר (𝔊 Χαβερ) the Kenite, husband of Jael Judges 4:11, Judges 4:17^(×2), Judges 4:21; Judges 5:24.

a man of Asher חִבֶר Genesis 46:17 (P) 𝔊 Χοβωρ I Chronicles 7:31, I Chronicles 7:32 𝔊 Χαβερ 𝔊L Ιεχοβερ; חֵבֶר Numbers 26:45 𝔊 Χοβερ; on poss. identif. with Ḫabiri of Tel el Amarna v. Jastr^{JBL 1892, xi. 118 ff. 1893, xii. 61 ff.}

חֶבֶר name in Judah I Chronicles 4:18 𝔊 Αβεισα, 𝔊L Αβερ.

חָ֑בֶר a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:17 𝔊 Αβαρ, 𝔊L Αβερ.

חָבֵר

adj. and n.m. Song of Songs 8:13, united, associate, companion—ח׳ abs. Proverbs 28:24 Psalms 119:63; sf. חֲבֵרוֹ Ecclesiastes 4:10 (+ 3 times Ez Kt; Qr חבריו, v. infr.); pl. חֲבֵרִים Judges 20:11 Song of Songs 8:13; cstr. חַבְרֵי Isaiah 1:23; sf. חֲבֵרֶ֑ךָ Psalms 45:8, חֲבֵרֶ֑יךָ Song of Songs 1:7; חֲבֵרָיו Isaiah 44:11 + 3 times Ez Qr;—

adj. united כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד חֲבֵרִים Judges 20:11 knit together as one man (AV RV).

n. associate, fellow:

of children (tribes) of Isr. assoc. with Judah as head Ezekiel 37:16; id. assoc. with Joseph (Ephr.) as head v Ezekiel 37:16, Ezekiel 37:19 (in all these read Qr חֲבֵרָיו).

of like rank Psalms 45:8.

of like calling Song of Songs 1:7.

worshippers (associates, belonging to the society or guild) of idols Isaiah 44:11 (v. Che; > others priests, Geiger ^{Urschr, 121, 493} SS, cf. חֶבֶר Hosea 6:9; Du reads חֲבָרִים enchantments).

in gen. Song of Songs 8:13.

implying likeness of character Isaiah 1:23 Proverbs 28:24 Psalms 119:63.

companion at a particular time Ecclesiastes 4:10.

חַבּוּרָה

[חַבֻּרָה, חֲבֻרָה] n.f. stripe, blow;—abs. חַבּ׳ Isaiah 1:6 + 2 times; sf. חַבֻּרָתִי Genesis 4:23; חֲבֻרָתוֹ Isaiah 53:5; pl. cstr. חַבֻּרוֹת Proverbs 20:30; sf. חַבּוּרֹתָ֑י Psalms 38:6:—stripe, blow, stroke, Genesis 4:23 my blow, i.e. for striking me (J), cf. Exodus 21:25^(×2) (JE), also of injury to land of Judah (under fig. of human body) Isaiah 1:6 (all ‖ פֶּצַע, v. infr.); of blows (sg. coll.) inflicted on suffering servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:5; (pl.) Psalms 38:6, חַבֻּרוֹת פֶּצַע Proverbs 20:30, i.e. blows that cut in (‖ מַכּוֹת).

חֶבְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. Hebron (association, league)—ח׳ Genesis 13:18 +; c. ה loc. חֶבְרוֹנָה Joshua 10:36 + 6 times; חֶבְרֹ֫נָה II Samuel 2:1;—𝔊 Χεβρων; mod. El-Ḫalîl (v. Rob^{BR i. 213 f., ii. 73 ff.} Guérin^{Judée iii. 214 ff.}); ancient city in southern Judah, where (or near which) Abr. built an altar Genesis 13:18 (J), and where was a sanctuary in Dvd.’s time II Samuel 15:7, cf. לפני י׳ בְּח׳ II Samuel 5:3 = I Chronicles 11:3; built 7 yrs. bef. Ṣoan in Egypt according to Numbers 13:22 b (JE); under a king Joshua 10:3, Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:23 (JE) Joshua 12:10 (D); assigned to Caleb Joshua 14:13, Joshua 14:14 (JED) Judges 1:20 yet v. I Chronicles 6:40 (cf. v I Chronicles 6:41); older name קִרְיַת (הָ)אַרְבַּע according to Joshua 14:15 (JED), cf. Genesis 23:2; Genesis 35:27 Joshua 15:54; Joshua 20:7 (all P) Judges 1:10 b; v. also Joshua 15:13; Joshua 21:11 (both P); called also מַמְרֵא Genesis 23:19 (and Genesis 35:27, both P); a city of refuge Joshua 21:13 (P) = I Chronicles 6:42; עֵמֶק ח׳ Genesis 37:14 (J); named elsewhere Numbers 13:22 a (JE) Joshua 10:36, Joshua 10:39; Joshua 11:21 (all D) Judges 1:10 a; Judges 16:3 II Samuel 2:32; II Samuel 15:9 II Chronicles 11:10; a resort of David, and for 7 yrs. his royal city I Samuel 30:31 II Samuel 2:1, II Samuel 2:11; II Samuel 3:2, II Samuel 3:5, II Samuel 3:19, II Samuel 3:20, II Samuel 3:22, II Samuel 3:27, II Samuel 3:32; II Samuel 4:1, II Samuel 4:8, II Samuel 4:12^(×2); II Samuel 5:1, II Samuel 5:3, II Samuel 5:13 I Kings 2:11; I Chronicles 3:1, I Chronicles 3:4; I Chronicles 11:1, I Chronicles 11:3; I Chronicles 12:24, I Chronicles 12:39 (van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:23, I Chronicles 12:38) I Chronicles 29:27; read also perhaps for תחתו II Samuel 3:12, 𝔊L εἰς Χεβρων, cf. Dr; seat of Absalom’s rebellion II Samuel 15:10; עָרֵי ח׳ II Samuel 2:3 abode of David’s men.

חֶבְרוֹן²

n.pr.m. (𝔊 Χεβρων).

grandson of Levi Exodus 6:18; Numbers 3:19 (both P) = I Chronicles 5:28 = I Chronicles 6:3, I Chronicles 23:12, I Chronicles 23:19, cf. I Chronicles 15:9.

name in Caleb’s family I Chronicles 2:42, I Chronicles 2:43.

חָבַשׁ

vb. bind, bind on, bind up (NH id.; Assyrian abâšu, according to Dl^{W 70}, ^{Pr 174}; Arabic حَبَسَ confine, restrict; yet on Assyrian ḫibšu ‘Kopfbinde’ (c. חֿ), etc., v. Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499, 526}; Aramaic ܚܒܰܫ; cf. ܚܒܽܘܫܝܳܐ, חֲבוּשְׁיָא imprisonment, etc.)—

Pf. 2 ms. וְחָבַשְׁתָּ֫ Exodus 29:9; 2 mpl. חֲבַשְׁתֶּם Ezekiel 34:4; Impf. יַחֲבוֹשׁ Job 34:17; וַיַּחֲבֹשׁ Genesis 22:3 + 4 times; וִיַּחֲבָשׁ־ I Kings 13:23; וְיֶחְבָּ֑שׁ Job 5:18; וַיַּחְבְּשֵׁנוּ Hosea 6:1; 3 fs. וַתַּחֲבֹשׁ II Kings 4:24; אֶהֱבֹשׁ Ezekiel 34:16; cohort. אֶחְבְּשָׁה־ II Samuel 19:27 (but cf.infr.); וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ezekiel 16:10; וַיַּחְבְּשׁוּ־ I Kings 13:13; וַיַּחֲבֹ֑שׁוּ I Kings 13:27; Imv. חֲבֹשׁ Job 40:13; חֲבוֹשׁ Ezekiel 24:17; חִבְשׁוּ I Kings 13:13, I Kings 13:27; Inf. cstr. חֲבֹשׁ Isaiah 30:26; Isaiah 61:1; לְחָבְשָׁהּ Ezekiel 30:21 (del. Co, cf. 𝔊). Pt. act. חֹבֵשׁ Isaiah 3:7; pass. חָבוּשׁ Jonah 2:6; חֲבוּשִׁים Judges 19:10; חֲבֻשִׁים II Samuel 16:1 Ezekiel 27:24;—

bind, bind on:

headgear, c. acc. rei, לְ pers. Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 8:13 (both P); c. על pers. Ezekiel 24:17; pass. of seaweeds clinging about head סוּף חָבוּשׁ לְרֹאשִׁי Jonah 2:6; c. sf. pers. et בְּ rei וָאֶחְבְּשֵׁךְ Ezekiel 16:10 and I bound (or wound) about thee (i.e. thy head, Sm VB) שֵׁשׁ (in metaph. of י׳’s care for Jerus.; ‖ אַלְבִּישֵׁךְ, אֶנְעֲלֵךְ); fig. of punishment for wicked פְּנֵיהֶם חֲבֹשׁ בטמון Job 40:13 veil their faces in darkness (‖ טָמְנֵם בֶּעָפָר) v. Di

pass. prob. twined, twisted in חֲבָלִים חֲבֻשִׁים וַאֲרֻזִים Ezekiel 27:24, cords twisted and strong, v. Sm Da. Especially

of equipping a beast for riding; ass, in acc. Genesis 22:3 Numbers 22:21 (both E), II Samuel 17:23 & II Samuel 19:27 (where however read לוֹ חָבְשָׁה־לִּי, so 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Th We Dr), I Kings 2:40; I Kings 13:13^(×2), I Kings 13:23, I Kings 13:27^(×2) (v I Kings 13:27 b no dir. obj. expressed) II Kings 4:24; pass., also of asses, Judges 19:10 II Samuel 16:1.

fig. = restrain, control (Germ. bändigen), abs. Job 34:17.

bind up, viz. a wound, usually in fig., of comforting the distressed, etc.; c. sf. pers. Hosea 6:1 (‖ רָכָּא, opp. הִכָּה); sq. לְ pers. לַחֲבֹשׁ לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵב Isaiah 61:1; cf. Ezekiel 34:4 (sq. לַנִּשְׁבֶּרֶת; ‖ חַזֵּק, רִפֵּא), v Ezekiel 34:16 (sq. id.; ‖ חִזֵּק); sq. acc. rei בְּיוֹם חֲבֹשׁ י׳ אֶת־שֶׁבֶר עַמּוֹ Isaiah 30:26;Isaiah 26 (‖ רָפָא); c. acc. of Pharaoh’s broken arm Ezekiel 30:21 (si vera l., v. supr.; cf. Pu.); abs. Job 5:18 (opp. הִכְאִיב; ‖ רָפָה = רָפָא); also Isaiah 3:7 of repairing fortunes of people.

Pf. חִבֵּשׁ bind, restrain מִבְּכִי נהרות Job 28:11; Pt. מְחַבֵּשׁ bind up לְעַצְבוֹתָם Psalms 147:3.

Pf. be bound up חֻבְּשָׁה Ezekiel 30:21 (metaph.) Pharaoh’s broken arm; חֻבָּ֑שׁוּ Isaiah 1:6 (wounds of land of Judah).

חָגָב

n.m. ^{Ecclesiastes 12:5} locust, grasshopper (NH id.; cf. 𝔗), prob. a non-flying species, v. Kn in Di Leviticus 11:22; הֶחָגָב allowed as food Leviticus 11:22 (P; ‖ אַרְבֶּה, סָלְעָם, חַרְגֹּל), כַּחֲגָבִים Numbers 13:33 (JE; sim. of insignificance), so Isaiah 40:22; as agent of Yahweh’s wrath חָגָב לֶאֱכוֹל חארץ II Chronicles 7:13; וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב Ecclesiastes 12:5 and the grasshopper shall be a burden; better shall stuff itself, grow fat (s. סבל); De thinks ח׳ here fig. of the back part of the pelvic cavity (Arabic حَجَبَةٌ is point of hip-bone, Bö, cf. Lane), and refers to stiffness of aged joints, so Now; but the meaning is dubious; v. other views in Comm.

חָגָב²

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:46 𝔊 Ἁγαβ (no ‖ in Nehemiah 7 H; but 𝔊L Nehemiah 7:47 has both Αγαβ and Αγαβα, cf. חֲגָבָא).

חֲגָבָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returnng exiles Nehemiah 7:47, 𝔊 Ἁγαβα (cf. also foregoing) prob. = following.

חֲגָבָה

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:45, prob. = foregoing; 𝔊 Ἁγαβα.

חָגַג

vb. make pilgrimage, keep a pilgrim-feast (Arabic حَجَّ betake oneself to or towards an object of reverence; make a pilgrimage to Mecca; Sab. חגג make pilgrimage Sab. Denkm^{86, cf. 85}; Syriac ܚܰܓܺܝ celebrate a feast. In Palm. חגגו is n.pr. Vog^{No. 61}; cf. also Ph. n.pr. חגי, חגת);—

Pf. 2 mpl. חַגֹּתֶם Exodus 12:14 + 2 times; Impf. 2 ms. תָּחֹג Exodus 23:14 Deuteronomy 16:15; 3 mpl. יָח֫וֹגּוּ Psalms 107:27 (Bö^{§ 1118 (2)}); וְיָחֹ֫גּוּ Exodus 5:1; 2 mpl. תָּחֹ֫גּוּ Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:41; sf. תְּהָגֻּ֫הוּ Exodus 12:14; Imv. f. חָגִּי Nahum 2:1; Inf. cstr. חֹג Zechariah 14:18 + 2 times; Pt. חוֹגֵג Psalms 42:5; pl. חֹגֲגִים I Samuel 30:16;—

keep a pilgrim-feast, abs. Exodus 5:1 (JE) of one proposed by Moses; שׁלשׁ רגלים תחג לי three times shalt thou make pilgrimage unto me (in the year) Exodus 23:14 (covt. code); of pilgrim-feasts in general Nahum 2:1, the Passover Exodus 12:14 (P); elsewhere feast of Booths; all celebrated in part by sacred processions and dances; המון חוגג Psalms 42:5 multitude keeping festival (led by the Psalmist in procession); חגג חג Leviticus 23:39 (H), Numbers 29:12 (P), Nahum 2:1 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; חגג אתו חג Exodus 12:14 (P), Leviticus 23:41 (H); אתוֹ Leviticus 23:41 (H); sf. Exodus 12:14 (P).

behave as at a חָג I Samuel 30:16 (of the Amalekites when surprised by David i.e. enjoying themselves merrily, Dr; others, circling in the sacred dance).

reel, in giddiness on the sea Psalms 107:27 (cf. חָגָּא Isaiah 19:17); this either points to an earlier meaning of √; or better, the ψ being late, means reel as from festival excesses (‖ וְיָנוּעוּ כַשִּׁכּוֹר).

חַג

n.m. ^{Isaiah 29:1} festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܰܓܳܐ, חַגָּא; Arabic حَجٌّ pilgrimage; Sab. חג DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 31}; Nö^{ZMG 1887, 719}; RS^{Proph. Lect. ii. n. 6}; > We^{Skizzen iii. 106, 165} sacred dance)—חַג abs. and cstr. Exodus 10:9 + 36 times; חָ֑ג Numbers 28:17 + 13 times; sf. חַגִּי Exodus 23:18; חַגֶּךָ֑ Deuteronomy 16:14; חַגָּהּ Hosea 2:13; חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4; pl. חַגִּים Isaiah 29:1 + 2 times; sf. חַגַּיִךְ Nahum 2:1; חַגֵּיכֶם Amos 5:21 + 2 times;—

feast, especially one observed by a pilgrimage (Exodus 23:14, Exodus 23:17):

special feast to the golden calf Exodus 32:5 (J; where there was a sacred dance v Exodus 32:19); a feast in the 8th month observed by Jeroboam in place of the feast of the 7th month in Judah I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33; pilgrim feast proposed by Moses Exodus 10:9 (JE); feast at Shiloh Judges 21:19. Elsewhere

apparently always of the three great pilgrim feasts, celebrated by processions and dancing: (1) in general Isaiah 30:29 Amos 8:10 Nahum 2:1; חגים ינקפו let feasts come round Isaiah 29:1; ‖ עצרות Amos 5:21; חַג לי׳ Leviticus 23:41 (H); disting. from the more gen. מועדים (sacred seasons) Ezekiel 45:17; Ezekiel 46:11 Hosea 9:5 (יום חג), and from specif. חדשׁים, שׁבתות as well, Hosea 2:13; (2) in particular: unleavened cakes and Passover חג (ה)מצות Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:18 (JE); Leviticus 23:6 (P), Deuteronomy 16:16 II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 30:13, II Chronicles 30:21; II Chronicles 35:17 Ezra 6:22; חג Exodus 12:14 (P); first day of the seven Numbers 28:17 (P); the last day Exodus 13:6 (J); the seven Ezekiel 45:21, Ezekiel 45:23; חג חפסח Exodus 34:25, חגי Exodus 23:18 (both JE); בַּכֶּסֶה לְיּוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4 (probably the full moon of Passover); חג הקציר Exodus 23:16 = חג שׁבעת Exodus 34:22 (JE), cf. Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:16 II Chronicles 8:13; חג האס(י)ף Exodus 23:16 = Exodus 34:22 (JE) = חג הסכ(ו)ת Leviticus 23:34 (P), Deuteronomy 16:13, Deuteronomy 16:16; Deuteronomy 31:10 II Chronicles 8:13 Ezra 3:4 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; also חג י׳ Leviticus 23:39 (H), הֶחָג I Kings 8:2, I Kings 8:65 = II Chronicles 5:3; II Chronicles 7:8, II Chronicles 7:9, Ezekiel 45 Nehemiah 8:14; חַגֶּךָ֑ (i.e. of people) Deuteronomy 16:14; Deuteronomy 16:7 days Numbers 29:12 (P), Nehemiah 8:18.—Vbs. c. חג are: חגג Leviticus 23:39, Leviticus 23:41 (H), Exodus 12:14 Numbers 29:12 (P), Nahum 2:1 Zechariah 14:16, Zechariah 14:18, Zechariah 14:19; שׁמר Exodus 23:15 = Exodus 34:18 (JE); התקדשׁ Isaiah 30:29; but usually עשׂה Exodus 34:22 (JE), Deuteronomy 16:10, Deuteronomy 16:13 I Kings 8:65; I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33 II Chronicles 7:8, II Chronicles 7:9; II Chronicles 30:13, II Chronicles 30:21; II Chronicles 35:17 Ezra 3:4; Ezra 6:22 Nehemiah 8:18.

festival sacrifice (cf. NH חֲגִיגָה) Psalms 118:27 (see מזבח 12); Malachi 2:3 (RV after Thes Ke al.: but AV Ew Or feast).

חַגַּי

n.pr.m. (festal; Ph. חגי, חגת; Palm. חגגו Vog^{No. 61})—the prophet Haggai Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:3, Haggai 1:12, Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:1, Haggai 2:10, Haggai 2:13, Haggai 2:14, Haggai 2:20 Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; 𝔊 Ἀγγαῖος.

חַגִּית

n.pr.f. (festal) wife of David and mother of Adonijah II Samuel 3:4 I Kings 1:5, I Kings 1:11; I Kings 2:13 I Chronicles 3:2; 𝔊 Ἀγγιθ.

חָגְלָה

n.pr.f. (= partridge, v. supr.)—a daughter of Ṣelophchad of Manasseh Numbers 26:33; Numbers 27:1; Numbers 36:11 Joshua 17:3 (all P); 𝔊 Ἑγλα, A Αιγλα(μ). On n.pr.loc. בֵּית ח׳ v. p. 111 b.

חָגַר

vb. gird, gird on, gird oneself (NH id., Aramaic חֲגַר; Arabic حَجَرَ hinder, restrain, so Syriac ܚܓܰܪ; Assyrian agâru, surround, in deriv., Dl^{W 105 ff.}; Sab. מחגרת (cf. Arabic مَحْجِرٌ, مَحَاجِر, enclosed space, district, etc.), DHM in MV; also n.pr. dei and loc. חגר, Sab. Denkm^3.81.93 CIS^{iv. 1, No. 49} etc.)—

Pf. 3 fs. חָֽגְרָה Proverbs 31:17; 2 ms. וְהָגַרְתָּ֫ Exodus 29:9; 3 pl. חָֽגְרוּ Isaiah 15:3 Lamentations 2:10; וְח׳ consec. Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31; Impf. 3 ms. יַחְגֹּר Leviticus 16:4, וַיַּחְגֹּר Leviticus 8:7^(×2) + 4 times; sf. יַחְגְּרֶ֑הָ Psalms 109:19; 2 ms. תַּחְגֹּר Psalms 76:11 (but on text v. infr.); 3 mpl. יַחְגְּרוּ Ezekiel 44:18 II Samuel 22:46 (but on text of both v. infr.), וַיַּחְגְּרוּ I Samuel 25:13 I Kings 20:32; I Kings 20:3 fpl. תַּחְגֹּרְנָה Psalms 65:13; 2 mpl. וַתַּחְגְּרוּ Deuteronomy 1:41; Imv. ms. חֲגֹר II Kings 4:29; II Kings 9:1, חֲגוֹר Psalms 45:4; fs. חִגְרִי־ Jeremiah 6:26; mpl. חִגְרוּ I Samuel 25:13 + 3 times; fpl. חֲגֹרְנָה Jeremiah 49:3, cf. חֲג֖וֹרָה Isaiah 32:11 (v. infr.); Inf. cstr. לַחֲגֹר Isaiah 22:12; Pt. act. חֹגֵר I Kings 20:11 II Kings 3:21; pass. m. חָגוּר Judges 18:11 + 5 times; f. cstr. חֲגֻרַת־ Joel 1:8; pl. חֲגוּרִים Exodus 12:11 Judges 18:16; חֲגֻרִים Daniel 10:5;—

trans., gird some one, with girdle; c. 2 acc. Exodus 29:9 Leviticus 8:13 (both P); pass., girded with ephod (acc.) I Samuel 2:18 II Samuel 6:14; sq. בְּ Daniel 10:5, c. acc. and בְּ, fig. Proverbs 31:17, חגרה בְּעוז מתניה Leviticus 8:7^(×2) (P), c. acc. מתנים gird up thy loins, i.e. make ready to go II Kings 4:29; II Kings 9:1, pass. Exodus 12:11 (P); cf. prob. also חֲג֖וֹרָה עַל־חֲלָצָ֑יִם Isaiah 32:11 gird upon the loins (2nd acc. om.); on verb. form as Imv. fpl. v. AE Ki Ew^{§ 226 a} Di Du; > as ms. Ol^{§ 234 a} Ges^{§ 48. 5} Sta^{§ 591 d} Kö^{§ 20. 12.}

gird on, bind on (= gird oneself with), a girdle Psalms 109:19 (in sim.); so especially c. acc. שׂק, שׂקים of mourning Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 22:12 Lamentations 2:10 Ezekiel 7:18; Ezekiel 27:31 II Samuel 3:31 Jeremiah 4:8; Jeremiah 6:26; Jeremiah 49:3; also I Kings 20:32 (c. acc. שׂק + ב bef. מתנים); pass., sq. על bef. obj. of mourning Joel 1:8 (sim.); abs. (שׂק om.) Joel 1:13 (‖ ספדו); sq. חֶרֶב I Samuel 25:13^(×3) Deuteronomy 1:41; Psalms 45:4 ח׳ חרב על יָרֵךְ, so Judges 3:16, I Samuel 17:39 (sq. acc. + מֵעַל); c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חגורה II Kings 3:21; abs. I Kings 20:11; pass. Judges 18:11, Judges 18:16, Judges 18:17 II Samuel 20:8 b (where read חֶרֶב Klo Dr—not We), II Samuel 21:16; read perhaps also חָגוּר for חֲגוֹר II Samuel 20:8 c, so Klo Dr.

intr. gird oneself, sq. בְּ rei Leviticus 16:4 (P), so לֹא יַח׳ בַיָּ֑זַע they shall not gird themselves with sweat(?) Ezekiel 44:18 (del. 𝔖 Co Sgfr); c. acc. rei (fig.) גִּיל גְּבָעוֹת תַּח׳ Psalms 65:13 with rejoicing the hills gird themselves; cf. שְׁאֵרִית חֵמֹת תַּחְ׳ Psalms 76:11 with a remnant (residue) of wraths thou girdest thyself, so Hi Hup De VB; but very doubtful; 𝔊 Bö; Ew read תְּחָגֶּ֑ךָ for תַּחגר; Bae Ka omit line as corrupt; cf. further Che and crit. n.—וְיַחְגְּרוּ II Samuel 22:46 is textual error for וְיַחְרְגוּ, cf. ‖ Psalms 18:46; so Now Hup Kit al.

חֲגוֹר

n.[m.] belt, girdle (distinct from אֵזוֹר waist-cloth, Che ^{Je, in Pulpit Comm. (1883) 333; Jerem, Life and Times (1888) 161} RS^{JQ Jan. 1882, 289 ff.})—חֲגוֹר for sword II Samuel 20:8 (yet read prob. חָגוּר, Th We Klo Dr), cf. I Samuel 18:4; article of commerce Proverbs 31:24 (coll.? or of a richly adorned girdle?).

חֲגוֹרָה

n.f. girdle loin-covering, belt—חֲגוֹרָה Isaiah 3:24; חֲגֹרָה II Samuel 18:11 II Kings 3:21; sf. חֲגֹרָתוֹ I Kings 2:5; Pl. חֲגֹרֹת Genesis 3:7;—girdle, loin-covering Genesis 3:7 (J); as article of women’s dress Isaiah 3:24; belt of warrior I Kings 2:5 II Kings 3:21 (חֹגֵר ח׳), cf. II Samuel 18:11.—On חֲג֖וֹרָה Isaiah 32:11 v. חָגַר 1.

חַד²

Ezekiel 33:30 v. אֶחָד.

חַד³

v. sub חדד.

חָדַד

vb. be sharp, keen (Aramaic חֲדַד; NH חִדֵּד sharpen; Arabic حَدَّ be sharp and sharpen; Assyrian uddudu, sharpen, Dl^{Pr 174}; cf. I. חָדָה)—

Pf. וְחַדּ֫וּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב consec. Habakkuk 1:8 are keener than evening wolves (of impetuous Chaldean horses).

הֵחֵד (Che Or Brd) or יַחֵד (Näg cf. Dr^{§ 123 a, R}), ins. Isaiah 44:12 after 𝔊 𝔖: the smith sharpeneth an axe.

Pf. 3 fs. הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, Ezekiel 21:15, Ezekiel 21:16 be sharpened (in all, subj. חֶרֶב).

הִתְאַחֲדִי Ezekiel 21:21.

חַד⁴

adj. sharp—only fs. חַדָּה, of חֶרֶב Ezekiel 5:1; in fig. of tongue Psalms 57:5; sim. of mouth Isaiah 49:2; fig. of end of (i.e. final experience with) strange woman ח׳ כְּחֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4 (‖ מָרָ֯ה כַלַּעֲנָה).—i. חַד v. sub אֶחָד.

חֲדַד

n.pr.m. (on this and foll. cf. Palm. n.pr. חדודן Vog^{No. 96}, Sab. חדד Hal²⁷);—a son of Ishmael Genesis 25:15 (cf. Baer’s n.; van d. H. חֲדַר) 𝔊 Χοδδαν, 𝔊L Χοδδαδ; = I Chronicles 1:30 𝔊 Χονδαν, A Χοδδαδ, 𝔊L Αδαδ.

חָדִיד

n.pr.loc. in Benj., mentioned with לֹד and אוֹנוֹ Ezra 2:33 = Nehemiah 7:36; with these and other places Nehemiah 11:34; prob. = Ἀδιδά The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 12:38, Ἀδίδοις The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 13:13; mod. El-Ḥadite c. 3 1/4 miles N. of E. from Lydda, Guérin^{Judée i. 320} (cf. Rob^{BR iii. 143}).

חָדָה

vb. be or grow sharp;—

grow sharp, Impf. apoc. = juss. יָ֑חַד Proverbs 27:17;

sharpen (fig.), Impf. apoc. יַ֫חַד Proverbs 27:17; בַּרְזֶל בְּבַרְזֶל יָ֑חַד וְאִישׁ יַחַד פְּנֵי־רֵעֵהוּ let iron by means of iron grow sharp, and let a man sharpen the countenance (presence, bearing) of his friend;—so Ki^{Michl. 126 a} De Now Kö^{Lgb i, 373 f.}, cf. Str. (who however makes both forms Hiph.)

חָדָה²

vb. rejoice (Assyrian ḫadû Dl^{Pr 153}; Aramaic ܚܕܳܐ, חֲדָא)—

Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּ֫חַדְּ Exodus 18:9 (E), and Jethro rejoiced over (עַל rei); juss. אַל־יִ֫חַדְּ Job 3:6 let it not rejoice among (בְּ) the days of the year, i.e. not take its place joyfully among them (fig. of day of Job’s birth).—Klo proposes וְלֹא חָדוּ … בְּ I Samuel 6:19 for וַיַּךְ … בְּ cf. also Dr

Impf. sf. (causat.) תְּחַדֵּהוּ בְשִׂמְחָה Psalms 21:7 thou makest him joyful (Che cheerest him) with gladness (‖ תְּשִׁיתֵהוּ בְרָכוֹת).

חָדַל

vb. cease (Sab. חדל be negligent, Sab. Denkm.⁷⁶)—

Pf. חָדַל Genesis 18:11 + 4 times; וְחָדַל consec. Numbers 9:13 Psalms 49:9; 2 ms. וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Exodus 23:5; pl. חָֽדְלוּ Judges 5:6 + 4 times; חָדֵ֑לּוּ (cf. Kö^{i, 243}) Judges 5:7 I Samuel 2:5; 1 pl. חָדַלְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; Impf. יֶחְדַּל Deuteronomy 15:11 + (Job 10:20 Kt יחדל jussive > Qr וַחֲדָ֑ל Imv.); אֶחְדָּ֑ל Judges 15:7 + 3 times; וְאַחְדְּלָה Job 16:6; pl. יֶחְדָּ֑לוּ Ezekiel 2:5 + 2 times; יֶחְדָּלוּ֔ן Exodus 9:29; וַיַּחְדְּלוּ Genesis 11:8 Exodus 9:33, נֶחְדָּ֑ל I Kings 22:15, etc.; Inf. cstr. חֲדֹל I Samuel 12:23; Imv. חֲדַל Exodus 14:12 +, etc.; חִדְלוּ Isaiah 1:16; Isaiah 2:22; חֲדָ֑לוּ Zechariah 11:12;—

cease, come to an end Exodus 9:29, Exodus 9:33, Exodus 9:34 (J), Isaiah 24:8; impers. חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה Genesis 18:11 (J); cease to be Deuteronomy 15:11 (sq. מִן), and poet. Judges 5:6, Judges 5:7^(×2) I Samuel 2:5 Job 14:7; = be lacking, fail Job 19:14 Proverbs 10:19.

cease, leave off, sq. inf. c. לְ Genesis 11:8 (J), Genesis 41:49 (E), Numbers 9:13 (P), I Samuel 12:23; I Samuel 23:13 Jeremiah 44:18; Jeremiah 51:30 Deuteronomy 23:23 Psalms 36:4 Proverbs 19:27 Ruth 1:18; inf. alone Isaiah 1:16; so also Hosea 8:10, where read וְחָֽדְלוּ for וַיָּחֵלּוּ 𝔊 Che We; sq. inf. c. מִן Exodus 23:5 (JE), I Kings 15:21=II Chronicles 16:5; sq. subst. c. מִן (cease regarding) Isaiah 2:22 (but Che Du al. treat v. as interpol.; om. 𝔊), I Samuel 9:5 Proverbs 23:4; sq. מֵאלהים II Chronicles 35:21, i.e. leave off provoking God; Exodus 14:12 (J), sq. מִמֶּנּו desist from us, let us alone; Job 7:16; sq. acc. Job 3:17 ח׳ רֹגֶז; Job 14:6 have rest (i.e. cease from being troubled, see Di; cf. v Job 14:1); no complem. expressed, cease, forbear Judges 15:7; Judges 20:28 Amos 7:5 I Kings 22:6, I Kings 22:15 = II Chronicles 18:5, II Chronicles 18:14, Jeremiah 40:4; Jeremiah 41:8 Zechariah 11:12 Psalms 49:9 Job 16:6 II Chronicles 25:16 Job 10:20 (but read here prob. יְמֵי חֶלְדִּי 𝔊 𝔖 Bi Bu Du); specif. of refusal to hear Ezekiel 2:5, Ezekiel 2:7; Ezekiel 3:11, Ezekiel 3:27 (all opp. שָׁמַע).

Pf. (contracted) c. interrog. part. הֶחֳדַלְתִּי Judges 9:9, Judges 9:11, Judges 9:13 should I be made to leave, sq. acc. (cf. Kö^{i, 240 ff.}); but perhaps read הֶחָדַלְתִּי, Qal Pf. Stu Be, cf., for acc. sq., Job 3:17.

חָדֵל

adj. forbearing, lacking, הֶחָדֵל as subst. Ezekiel 3:27 he that forbeareth (opp. שׁמע, cf. חָדֵל Qal ad fin.); cstr. חֲדַל אִישִׁים Isaiah 53:3 lacking men (i.e. forsaken by them);—ceasing, transient מֶה־חָדֵל אָ֑נִי Psalms 39:5, but read rather חֶלֶד, v. Che^{crit. n.}

חֶ֫דֶל

n.[m.] cessation, only יוֹשְׁבֵי חָ֑דֶל Isaiah 38:11 (so Baer) inhabitants of (land of) cessation, i.e. of Sheʾôl; v. Di; but read rather חָ֑לֶד, v. חֶלֶד.

חַדְלָ֑י

n.pr.m. an Ephraimite, II Chronicles 28:12, 𝔊 Χοαδ, A Αδδι, 𝔊L Αδλι.

חֵ֫דֶק

n.[m.] brier (NH id.; Aramaic חִדְקָא Löw^{p. 147, No. 104}; cf. Arabic حَدَقٌ a kind of nightshare, v. Lane⁵³²);—טוֹבָם כְּחֵדֶק Micah 7:4 the best of them (si vera l.) is like the brier (‖ יָשָׁר מִמְּסוּכָה); דֶּרֶךְ עָצֵל כִּמְשֻׂכַת חָ֑דֶק Proverbs 15:19 the way of a sluggard is like a brier-hedge.

חִדֶּ֫קֶל

n.pr.fl. Tigris (Sum. Idigna, Assyrian Idiḳlat, Diḳlat, O.-Pers. Tigrâ Spieg^{APK, Gloss.}, etc.), the famous Assyrian river; v. especially Dl^{Pa 110 f. 170 ff.}; ח׳ Genesis 2:14; חִדָּ֑קֶל Daniel 10:4.

חֶ֫דֶר

n.m. I Chronicles 28:11 chamber, room (NH id.; Ph. חדר, חדרת; Sab. חֿדר Mordt^{ZMG, 1876, 24}; Ethiopic ማኅደር ማኅደር is not ‘chamber’, but (from √ ኀደረ dwell) dwelling-place, abode, tent.) abs. חֶדֶר II Samuel 13:10 + 11 times; הַחַ֫דְרָה Genesis 43:30 I Kings 1:15; הֶחָ֑דְרָה Judges 15:1 II Samuel 13:10; cstr. חֶ֫דֶר Song of Songs 3:4; חֲדַר Exodus 7:28 + 5 times; sf. חֶדְרוֹ Joel 2:16; pl. חֲדָרִים Deuteronomy 32:25 Proverbs 24:4; Proverbs 24:4; cstr. חַדְרֵי Proverbs 7:27 + 8 times; sf. חֲדָרֶיךָ Isaiah 26:20; חֲדָרָיו Song of Songs 1:4 I Chronicles 28:11;—room, chamber, usually private, as bedroom Genesis 43:30 (J), Judges 15:1; Judges 16:9, Judges 16:12 II Samuel 13:10^(×2) I Kings 1:15 Song of Songs 1:4 Isaiah 26:20; Judges 14:18 read prob. הַחַדְרָה bridal-chamber for הַחַרְסָה Sta^{ZAW 1884, 253}, cf. Joel 2:16 (‖ חֻפָּתָהּ of bride), ח׳ הוֹרָתִי Song of Songs 3:4 (‖ בֵּית אִמִּי); of kings (of Egypt) Psalms 105:30; specif.: ח׳ מִשְׁכָּב bed-chamber Exodus 7:28 (J), II Samuel 4:7 II Kings 6:12 Ecclesiastes 10:20; other combinations:—ח׳ הַמְּקֵרָה Judges 3:24 = cool chamber; ח׳ הַפְּנִימִים I Chronicles 28:11 inner chamber; חדרי מַשְׂבִּיתוֹ Ezekiel 8:12 his chambers of imagery (del. Hi Co Sgfr.); ח׳ בְּח׳ a chamber within a chamber, i.e. an innermost chamber I Kings 20:30; I Kings 22:25 = II Chronicles 18:24, II Kings 9:2; pl. = store-rooms Proverbs 24:4; so ח׳ הַמִּטּוֹת II Kings 11:2 = II Chronicles 22:11, i.e. room where beds were stored (Ke Th); metaph. ח׳ מָ֑וֶת Proverbs 7:27 (‖ דַּרְכֵי שְׁאוֹל); חדרי תֵּמָן Job 9:9 chambers of south (where constellations are treasured up, v. Di; Hoffm. thinks of n.pr. of star or constell.); cf. Job 37:9 a chamber whence comes storm-wind (סוּפָה); חַדְרֵי בֶטֶן i.e. inner parts of body, only fig. Proverbs 18:8 = Proverbs 26:22, Proverbs 20:27, Proverbs 20:30; in Deuteronomy 32:25 מֵחֲדָרִים = within, poet. for מִבַּיִת, ‖ מִחוּץ without.

חַדְרָ֔ךְ

n.pr.terr. only Zechariah 9:1 אֶרֶץ ח׳ (‖ דַּמֶּשֶׂק); perch. = Assyrian Ḫatarakka, Ḫatari(k)ka, a district near Damascus and Hamath; v. Schr^{COT ad loc.}, Dl^{Pa 279}.

חָדַשׁ

vb. only Pi. (and Hithp.) renew, repair (poet. and late) (NH id., Ph. חדש; n. חדש new moon, also in קרתחדשת new-city = Carthage; Aramaic حَدَثَ and חַדֵּשׁ; Arabic ܚܰܕܶܬ be new, Ethiopic ሐደሰ i. 2. renew; Sab. החדתֿ, v. Os (Levy)^{ZMG 1865, 204} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 30}; Assyrian [adâšu], uddiš, renew, eššu, new, etc. Dl^{W 199 ff.})—

Pf. וְחִדְּשׁוּ consec. Isaiah 61:4; Impf. וַיְחַדֵּשׁ II Chronicles 15:8; 2 ms. תְּחַדֵּשׁ Job 10:17 Psalms 104:30; וּנְחַדֵּשׁ I Samuel 11:14; Imv. חַדֵּשׁ Psalms 51:12 Lamentations 5:21; Inf. לְחַדֵּשׁ II Chronicles 24:4, II Chronicles 24:12;—

renew, make anew הַמְּלוּכָה I Samuel 11:14 (editorial); פני אדמה Psalms 104:30, רוּחַ Psalms 51:12 (‖ בּרא); = bring back יָמֵינוּ כְּקֶדֶם Lamentations 5:21; ח׳ עדיך Job 10:17 i.e. bringest fresh (new) witnesses.

repair, cities Isaiah 61:4, temple II Chronicles 24:4, II Chronicles 24:12, altar II Chronicles 15:8.

Impf. 3 fs. תִּתְחַדֵּשׁ c. pl. subj. ת׳ כַּנֶּשֶׁר נְעוּרָ֑יְכִי Psalms 103:5 thy youth reneweth itself, like the eagle.

חָדָשׁ

adj. new(on format. v. Lg^{BN 48})—ח׳ abs. Exodus 1:8 + 19 times; f. חֲדָשָׁה Leviticus 23:16 + 19 times; pl. חֲדָשִׁים Deuteronomy 32:17 + 10 times; f. חֲדָשׁוֹת Isaiah 42:9; Isaiah 48:6;—new, usually

attrib. Exodus 1:8 (E) a new king; so of house Deuteronomy 20:5, Deuteronomy 22, wife Deuteronomy 24:5, cords Judges 15:13; Judges 16:11, Judges 16:12, cart I Samuel 6:7 II Samuel 6:3^(×2) (but del. in v b, cf. We Dr)=1 Ch; I Chronicles 13:7; garment I Kings 11:29, I Kings 11:30, vessel II Kings 2:20, wine-skins Joshua 9:13 (JE) Job 32:19, threshing instr. Isaiah 41:15; meal-offering Leviticus 23:16 (H) Numbers 28:26 (P); especially (poet.) שִׁיר ח׳ a new song (of praise) Psalms 33:3; Psalms 40:4; Psalms 96:1; Psalms 98:1; Psalms 144:9 Psalms 149:1 Isaiah 42:10; בְּרִית ח׳ Jeremiah 31:31; שָׁמַיִם חדשׁים וארץ חדשׁה Isaiah 65:17 cf. Isaiah 65:17 cf. Isaiah 66:22; שֵׁם ח׳ Isaiah 62:2; רוּחַ ח׳ a new spirit Ezekiel 11:19; Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26, + לֵב ח׳ Ezekiel 18:31; Ezekiel 36:26; פֶּתַח שַׁעַר־י׳ הֶח׳ Jeremiah 26:10 new gate of (house of) י׳, cf. Jeremiah 36:10 (v. Gf Jeremiah 20:2); also הֶחָצֵר הַח׳ II Chronicles 20:5 the new court (v. Be Öt); אלהים חדשׁים Judges 5:8 new gods? judges? text prob. corrupt, cf. Nö^{ZMG 1888, 477}, Müll^{Königsb. Stud. i.}, GACooke^{Deb. 34 ff.} and conj. by Bu^{RS, 103}, RS in Bla^Judges; in gen. אֵין כָּל־ח׳ Ecclesiastes 1:9 there is nothing new; with no subst. expr. חָגוּר חֲדָשָׁה II Samuel 21:16 girt with a new (sword: but text perhaps corrupt, cf. We Klo Dr), of (food-)products of earth (opp. יָשָׁן) Leviticus 26:10 (H) Song of Songs 7:14; חֲדָשִׁים Deuteronomy 32:17 new ones (i.e. gods; ‖ מִקָּרֹב בָּאוּ); in gen. f. חֲדָשָׁה a new thing Isaiah 43:19 Jeremiah 31:22, fpl. Isaiah 42:9 (opp. הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת), Isaiah 48:6.

very rarely predicate: of י׳’s compassions חדשׁים לַבְּקָרִם Lamentations 3:23 they are new every morning; כְּבוֹדִי ח׳ עִמָּדִי Job 29:20 my glory shall be fresh with me; רְאֵה זֶה ח׳ הוּא Ecclesiastes 1:10 see, this is new!

חֹ֫דֶשׁ

n.m. Genesis 7:11 (f. MT Genesis 38:24 but m. Sam Di) (newness), new moon, month (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 144}; on usage, names, etc., Muss-Arnolt^{JBL 1892, 72 ff., 160 ff.})—ח׳ abs. Genesis 7:11 +; cstr. (rare) Genesis 29:14 +; sf. חָדְשׁוֹ Numbers 28:14 + 2 times; חָדְשָׁהּ Hosea 2:13 Jeremiah 2:24; pl. חֳדָשִׁים Genesis 38:24 +; cstr. חָדְשֵׁי Exodus 12:2 + 2 times; sf. חֳדָשָׁיו Job 14:5 + 2 times; חָדְשֵׁיכֶם Isaiah 1:14 Numbers 28:11; חָדְשֵׁכֶם Numbers 10:10;—

new moon=day, time, of new moon, as religious festival I Samuel 20:5, I Samuel 20:18, I Samuel 20:24, I Samuel 20:27, I Samuel 20:34 (Dr); cf. יֹאכְלֵם ח׳ Hosea 5:7 a new moon shall devour them, Hi St VB, but on text v. We; usually ‖ שַׁבָּת Amos 8:5 II Kings 4:23 Isaiah 1:13 (+קְרֹא מִקְרָא), מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ Isaiah 66:23, Ezekiel 46:1, Ezekiel 46:6 (both יוֹם הַח׳), I Chronicles 23:31 II Chronicles 2:3; II Chronicles 8:13; II Chronicles 31:3 Nehemiah 10:34 (all + מוֹעֵד), Hosea 2:13 Ezekiel 45:17 (both + חג, מועד); ‖ מוֹעֵד alone Isaiah 1:14 Ezekiel 3:5; ‖ יוֹם חַגֵּנוּ Psalms 81:4; (cf. רֹאשׁ הַח׳ Numbers 10:10; Numbers 28:11; on religious observance of new moon cf. Di Lv p. 578 f Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 69}); as time of augury in Babylon (astrolog. prognost.) Isaiah 47:13.

month (as beginning with new moon, lunar month; cf. Benz^Archäol. ^{§ 30}, but then, without ref. to day of beginning):

as measure of time during which Genesis 38:24 (J), Numbers 11:20, Numbers 11:21 (JE), Numbers 9:22 (P), Judges 11:37, Judges 11:38, Judges 11:39; Judges 20:47 I Samuel 6:1; I Samuel 27:7 II Samuel 2:11; II Samuel 5:5; II Samuel 6:11; II Samuel 24:8, II Samuel 24:13 = I Chronicles 21:12, Amos 4:7 I Kings 4:7; I Kings 5:7, I Kings 5:28^(×3); I Kings 11:16 II Kings 15:8; II Kings 23:31; II Kings 24:8 Ezekiel 39:12, Ezekiel 39:14 I Chronicles 3:4; I Chronicles 13:14 II Chronicles 36:2, II Chronicles 36:9 Esther 2:12^(×3). In I Samuel 10:27 b read prob. כְּמֵחֹרֶשׁ for MT כמחרישׁ, and join to I Samuel 11:1, so 𝔊 We Dr (cf. Genesis 38:24); in combinatios, ח׳ יָמִים a month (of) time (cf. יֶרַח ימים Deuteronomy 21:1 II Kings 15:23) Genesis 29:14 (J), Numbers 11:20, Numbers 11:26 (JE), ימים ארבעה ח׳ Judges 19:2; of age מִסְפַּר־ח׳ number of his months=length of his life Job 14:5; Job 21:21; cf. especially בֶּן־ח׳ Leviticus 27:6 Numbers 3:15, Numbers 3:22, Numbers 3:28, Numbers 3:34, Numbers 3:39, Numbers 3:40, Numbers 3:43; Numbers 18:16; Numbers 26:62 (all P).

calendar months, †(1) with names ח׳ הָאָבִיב Exodus 13:4; Exodus 23:15; Exodus 34:18^(×2) (all JE; = 1st mo. Exodus 12:2 P), Deuteronomy 16:11; ח׳ זִו I Kings 6:1 (=2nd mo. ib.;=יֶרַח זִו v I Kings 6:37); cf. I Kings 8:2 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁבִיעִי = יֶרַח הָאֵתָנִים), I Kings 6:38 (הַח׳ הַשְּׁמִינִי = יֶרַח בּוּל); in the postex. books occur Babyl. names (v. the several words):—ח׳ נִיסָן Nehemiah 2:1 Esther 3:7 (= 1st mo. Esther 3:7); ח׳ סִיוָן Esther 8:9=3rd mo.; ח׳ כִּסְלֵו Zechariah 7:1 Nehemiah 1:1 (=9th mo. Zechariah 7:1); ח׳ טֵבֵ֑ת Esther 2:16=10th mo.; ח׳ שְׁבָט Zechariah 1:7=11th mo.; ח׳ אֲדָר Esther 3:7, Esther 3:13; Esther 8:12; Esther 9:1 in all=12th mo., Esther 9:15, Esther 9:17, Esther 9:19, Esther 9:21; (cf. also אֱלוּל Nehemiah 6:15, without ח׳ or יֶרַח; this was 6th mo.; v. further Schr^COT Nehemiah 1:1 Benz^l.c.).† (2) merely numbered (chiefly P and late) e.g. בַּח׳ הַשֵּׁנִי Genesis 7:11, cf. Genesis 8:4, Genesis 8:5, Genesis 8:14 Leviticus 16:29 Numbers 1:1, Numbers 1:18 (all P) + often P; Deuteronomy 1:3 (P), I Kings 12:32, I Kings 12:33; II Kings 25:1, II Kings 25:3, II Kings 25:8, II Kings 25:25, II Kings 25:27 Jeremiah 1:3 + 11 times Je, Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1 Haggai 1:1, Haggai 1:15 Zechariah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1, Zechariah 7:3; I Chronicles 12:15, cf. entire list I Chronicles 27:2-15 II Chronicles 3:2 + 12 times 2 Ch; Ezra 3:1 + 10 times Ezr; Nehemiah 7:71; Nehemiah 8:2, Nehemiah 8:14 Esther 3:12; note especially הַח׳ הַזֶּה לָכֶם רֹאשׁ חָדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁוֹן הוּא לָכֶם Exodus 12:2 (P), as implying that the 1st mo. was formerly not in the spring; observe also usage of omitting ח׳, e.g. בָּרִאשׁוֹן = בַּח׳ הָר׳ Genesis 8:13, cf. v Genesis 8:5; so commonly in Ezek.:—Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 20:1; Ezekiel 29:1, Ezekiel 29:17; Ezekiel 30:20; Ezekiel 31:1; Ezekiel 33:21; Ezekiel 45:18, Ezekiel 45:21, Ezekiel 45:25 + Ezekiel 26:1; Ezekiel 32:17; Ezekiel 45:20 Co(ח׳ sometimes expr., v. Ezekiel 24:1; Ezekiel 32:1 supr.; on like usage with יום v. יום). (3) special phrases and usages are:— †עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ לְחָדְשֵׁי שָׁנָה Numbers 28:14 (P; cf. יום, and Isaiah 66:23 supr. 1); מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ לְחֹדֶשׁ Esther 3:7 from day to day and from month to month; חָדְשָׁהּ Jeremiah 2:24 of wild she-ass’s mating time.†

חֹ֫דֶשׁ²

n.pr.f. a wife of Shaharaim of Benj. I Chronicles 8:9, 𝔊 Ἁδα, 𝔊L Βαδαα (so v I Chronicles 8:8 = בַּעֲרָה).

חָדְשִׁי

in n.pr.loc. אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּים ח׳ II Samuel 24:6, read א׳ הַחִתִּים קֵדְשָׁה v. Hi^{Gesch. Isr. i. 29}, 𝔊L εἰς γῆν Χεττιειμ Καδης; cf. Dr^{ad loc.} and (in part) Klo; v. also קֵדֶשׁ.

חוֹב

n.[m.] debt (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܰܘܒܳܐ, חוֹבָא);—חֲבֹלָתוֹ ח׳ יָשִׁיב Ezekiel 18:7 his pledge as to indebtedness he restores, v. Hi-Sm Ew^{§ 291 b} Ges^{§ 131 R 5, b} Kö^{Lgb. i. 497 f.} and cf. Dr^{§ 193} (but constr. hard: Co שׁוֹב; dittogr. from חבל׳ Bev Daniel 1:10, cf. v Daniel 1:12, Daniel 1:16).

חוֹבָה

n.pr.loc. Genesis 14:15, north of Damascus; mod. Ḫoba, 20 hours N. of Dam., according to Wetzst ^{Del Gn. ed. 4, 561 ff.} so Di.

חוּג

vb. draw round, make circle (Aramaic ܚܳܓ circumivit; n. ܚܽܘܓܬܳܐ, חוּגְתָּא, circle, vault of heavens)

Pf. חֹק חָג על־פני מים Job 26:10 (cf. Proverbs 8:27), hath drawn as circle bound, of horizon-line.

חוּג²

n.[m.] vault, horizon; of the heavens, sea and earth חוּג שׁמים התהלך Job 22:14; בְּחֻקֿוֹ חוּג על־פני תהום Proverbs 8:27 (cf. חקק on p. 349a); היֹשֵׁב עַל־חוּג הארץ Isaiah 40:22.

חִידָה

n.f. riddle, enigmatic, perplexing saying or question;—abs. ח׳ Judges 14:12 + 6 times; sf. חִידָתִי Judges 14:18 Psalms 49:5; חִידָֽתְךָ Judges 14:13; pl. abs. חִידוֹת I Kings 10:1 + 4 times; חִידֹת Numbers 12:8; sf. חִידֹתָם Proverbs 1:6;—

riddle = dark, obscure utterance Numbers 12:8 (JE; opp. פֶּה־אֶל־פֶּה and מַרְאֶה); of something put indirectly and needing interpretation;—an allegory חוד ח׳ Ezekiel 17:2 (‖ מְשֹׁל מָשָׁל); allegor. and fig. sayings Proverbs 1:6 (‖ מְלִיצָה מָשָׁל and דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים); enigmat. sentences and comparisons, declaring fate of Chaldeans Habakkuk 2:6 (+ מְלִיצָה; ‖ מָשָׁל), perplexing moral problem Psalms 49:5 (c. פָּתַח open, propound; ‖ מָשָׁל), a lesson taught indirectly Psalms 78:2 (ח׳ מִנִּי קֶדֶם, c. הִבִּיעַ; ‖ מָשָׁל).

riddle, enigma, to be guessed, in Judges 14:

with vb. חוּד Judges 14:12, Judges 14:13, Judges 14:16 propound a riddle.

with vb. הִגִּיד tell (give answer to) a riddle Judges 14:14, Judges 14:15, Judges 14:17, Judges 14:19.

with vb. מצא find out a riddle Judges 14:18.

perplexing questions by which queen of Sheba put Sol. to the test (נִסָּה) I Kings 10:1 = II Chronicles 9:1.

with הֵבִין skilled in double-dealing Daniel 8:23 (Bev).

חוּד

vb.denom. propound a riddle;—

Pf. 2 ms. חַדְתָּה Judges 14:16; Impf. אָח֫וּדָה Judges 14:12; Imv. (חִידָה וּמְשֹׁל מָשָׁל) חוּד Ezekiel 17:2; חוּ֫דָה Judges 14:13; always c. חידה acc. cogn.

חַוָּה

n.pr.f. (life, vid. Di Genesis 3:20; > We^{Prol. 1886, 322; Skizzen iii. 217} after Nö who suggests serpent as poss. meaning, cf. Arabic حَيَّةٌ; but RS^{K 177} ‘mother of every ḥayy,’ v. ii. חַי sub חיה)—Genesis 3:20 and the man called his wife חַוָּ֑ה, because she was אֵם כָּל־חָֽי׃; cf. ח׳ אִשְׁתּוֹ Genesis 4:1 (both J).—ii. חַוָּה village, v. infr. sub ii.חוה.

חַוָּה²

n.f. tent-village—Pl. חַוֹּתֵיהֶם Numbers 32:41 (JE), cf. Di. Elsewhere in cpd. appellative, almost = n.pr. חַוֹּת יָאִיר Deuteronomy 3:14 Joshua 13:30 (D), Judges 10:4 I Kings 4:13 I Chronicles 2:23.—i. חַוָּה n.pr.f. v. supr.

חָוָה

vb. only Pi. (poet. & late), tell, declare (Aramaic ܚܰܘܺܝ, חַוֵּי)—

Impf. 3 ms. יְחַוֶּה־ Psalms 19:3; 1 s. אֲחַוֶּה Job 32:10, Job 32:17; sf. אֲחַוְךָ Job 15:17, אֲחַוֶּךָּ Job 36:2; Inf. cstr. חַוֹּת;—declare, make known, c. acc. דָּ֑עַת Psalms 19:3 (subj. לַיְלָה, sq. לְלַיְלָה; ‖ יַבִּיעַ אֹמֶר); c. acc. דֵּעִי Job 32:10, Job 32:17; c. 2 acc. וָאִירָא מֵחַוֹּת דֵּעִי אֶתְכֶם Job 32:6, sq. sf. pers. + obj. cl., וַאֲחַוֶּ֑ךָּ כִּי־עוֹד לֶאֱלוֹהַּ מִלִּֽים׃ Job 36:2 and I will shew thee that (there are) yet words for God; sq. sf. pers. only Job 15:17;—read prob. also וַאֲחַוֶּה for וַאֲקַוֶּה Psalms 52:11 Hi Che al.

חוֹזָ֑י

II Chronicles 33:19 v. sub חזה.

חוֹחַ

n.m. ^{II Kings 14:9} 1. brier, bramble. 2. hook, ring, fetter;—ח׳ abs. Hosea 9:6 + 8 times; pl. חֲוָחִים I Samuel 13:6 (but v. infr.), חוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2; חֹחִים II Chronicles 33:11;—

brier, bramble II Kings 14:9^(×2) = II Chronicles 25:18^(×2) (allegory of Jehoash); coll., sign of desolation Hosea 9:6 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ), Isaiah 34:13 (‖ קִמּוֹשׁ, סִירִים), Job 31:40 (opp. חִטִּים); in sim. of fool’s parable ח׳ עָלָה בְּיַד־שִׁכּוֹר Proverbs 26:9 a brier cometh into the hand of a drunken man (De Now Str); כְּשׁוֹשַׁנָּה בֵּין הַחוֹחִים Song of Songs 2:2; briers = thickets as hiding-places I Samuel 13:6 (but Ew We Dr חוֹרִים holes, cf. I Samuel 14:11; v. sub iii. חרר; ‖ מְעָרוֹת, סְלָעִים, צְרִחִים, בֹּרוֹת; 𝔊 here ἐν τ. μάνδραις; I Samuel 14:11 ἐκ τ. τρωγλῶν).

late,

hook or ring, in jaw of crocodile c. תִּקֹּב Job 40:26 (‖ הֲתָשִׂים אַגְמֹן בְּאַפּוֹ); of captive וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁה בַּחֹחִים II Chronicles 33:11 (cf. חַח).

חוּט

n.m. ^{Joshua 2:18} thread, cord, line (NH id.; Arabic خَيْطٌ, Aramaic ܚܽܘܛܳܐ, חוּטָא)—ח׳ abs. Genesis 14:23 + 2 times; cstr. Joshua 2:18 + 3 times;—

thread, as easily broken Judges 16:12 (sim.); as composing a rope or cord; תִּקְוַת ח׳ הַשָּׁנִי הַזֶּה Joshua 2:18 (JE) this cord of scarlet thread (lit. the cord of this thread of scarlet); prob. also מִחוּט וְעַד שְׂרוֹךְ נַעַל Genesis 14:23 from a thread to a sandal-thong; in sim. כְּח׳ הַשָּׁנִי Song of Songs 4:3 like a thread of scarlet are thy lips.

cord, הַח׳ הַמְּשֻׁלָּשׁ Ecclesiastes 4:12 a three-fold cord.

line, as measure of length I Kings 7:15 and a line of twelve cubits surrounded (i.e. would surround) it (cf. קָו v I Kings 7:23), so Jeremiah 52:21.

חֲוִילָה

n.pr.terr. (√ dub. Dl^{Pa 12} suggests חוֹל sand-land, dunes, as Heb. popular etym., MV¹¹ give it as actual etym.; Sta^{ThLZ Apr. 28, 1894, 235} compares this, as well as חוֹל sand, with Arabic وَحَلٌ soft mud, [damp sand])—אֶרֶץ הַחֲוִילָה Genesis 2:11 (surrounded or bordered—סבב—by river Pishon; noted for excellent gold, bdellium and shoham-stone); elsewhere without art. חֲוִילָה Genesis 10:7 = I Chronicles 1:9 as a ‘son’ of Cush (between סְבָא and סַבְתָּה); but also as a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, a descendant of Shem Genesis 10:29 = I Chronicles 1:23 (between אוֹפִיר and יוֹבָב); מֵח׳ עַד־שׁוּר Genesis 25:18 said of limits of Ishmaelitish territory; cf. same limits of Amalek I Samuel 15:7 (but dub.; We reads טֵילָם, cf. v I Samuel 15:4 and vid. Dr; Glaser^{Skizze ii, 326} reads חֲכִילָה as I Samuel 23:19; I Samuel 26:1, I Samuel 26:3).—Most have supposed several regions named ח׳ to be indicated in these passages:—e.g. Thes 1. Arabian shore of Pers. Gulf Genesis 10:29 etc. 2. Ethiopian coast Genesis 10:7 etc. 3. India Genesis 2:11 (regarded as indef. extension of 1). Di Genesis 10:7 distinguishes 1 and 2 either as quite distinct, or as different settlements of one great people, and (on Genesis 2:14) thinks that כל ארץ ח׳ Genesis 2:11 implies vague extension eastward. Dl^{Pa 12 ff. 57 ff.} identif. ח׳ in all passages with NE. part of Syrian desert, so E. Meyer^{Gesch. Alterth. i. 224}; Glaser^{Skizze ii. 323 ff.} with central and NE. Arabia. The question is still undecided.

חוּל

[חִיל] vb. whirl, dance, writhe (NH, Aramaic id., dance; Arabic حَاَل change, turn; Assyrian ḫîlu, writhe in fear Dl^{Pr 191} (on ḫ = ح v. DHM^{ZK i. 357}); on form of Heb. vb. v. Nö^{ZMG, 1883, 536})—

Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫לָה Micah 1:12 + 2 times; וְחָלָה֫ consec. Hosea 11:6; חַלְתִּי Isaiah 23:4; חָ֫לוּ Jeremiah 5:3 (but v. infr.), Lamentations 4:6; וְחָלוּ֫ Deuteronomy 2:25; חַ֫לְנוּ Isaiah 26:18; Impf. יָחוּל Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23; 3 fs. תָּחוּל Ezekiel 30:16 Qr (Kt Co תחיל); וַתָּחֹ֑ל Jeremiah 51:29; אחולה Jeremiah 4:19 Kt (Qr אוֹחִילָה, Hiph. יחל); יָחֻ֫לוּ II Samuel 3:29; but also יָחִיל Psalms 55:5 (Job 20:21 v. ii. חול); וַיָּ֫חֶל I Samuel 31:3 = I Chronicles 10:3 + Genesis 8:10 (where read prob. וַיִּיָּ֫חֶל as v Genesis 8:12; = וַיְיַחֵל Ol Di); 3 fs. תָּחִיל Isaiah 26:17 + 2 times + Ezekiel 30:16 Kt (cf. supr.); וַתָּ֑חֶל Psalms 97:4; 2 fs. תְּחִלִין Isaiah 45:10; יָחִילוּ Psalms 77:17 = 3 times (Psalms 10:5 v. ii. חול); וַיָּחִ֫ילוּ Judges 3:25; וַחִילוּן Isaiah 13:8; תָּחִ֫ילוּ Jeremiah 5:22; Imv. fs. חוּ֫לִי Micah 4:10 Psalms 114:7; mpl. חִילוּ Psalms 96:9 I Chronicles 16:30; Inf. cstr. (לָ)חוּל Judges 21:21 Ezekiel 30:16 (= Inf. abs.); Pt. fs. חוֹלָה Jeremiah 4:31 vid. Gf Gie and Ges^{§ 72 R.1.};—

dance Judges 21:21 (לָחוּל בַּמְּחֹלוֹת Psalms 96:9).

twist, writhe:

in pain, especially childbirth Isaiah 26:17; Isaiah 45:10 מַה־תח׳ (‖ מה־תוליד); metaph., of sea Isaiah 23:4 (‖ ילד); Israel Isaiah 26:18 (‖ הרה), Isaiah 54:1 (‖ ילד); Zion Isaiah 66:7, Isaiah 66:8 (‖ id.), Micah 4:10 (‖ גֹּ֫חִי, sim. כיולדה; cf. v. Isaiah 66:9), Jeremiah 4:31.

fig., be in severe pain, or anguish (mostly poet. and elevated prose), sq. מפני Deuteronomy 2:25 (‖ רגז, cf. also פַּחַד and יִרְאָה v a); Ezekiel 30:16 Jeremiah 5:22 (‖ ירא); sq. מִלִּפְנֵי I Chronicles 16:30 Psalms 114:7; abs. Psalms 55:5 (‖ אימות מָוֶת נפלו עלי), Jeremiah 4:19 Kt, Psalms 77:17 (‖ רגז) Psalms 97:4 Isaiah 13:8; Isaiah 23:5 Jeremiah 51:29 (‖ רָעַשׁ), Joel 2:6 Zechariah 9:5 (‖ ירֵא), prob. also I Samuel 31:3 (cf. I Samuel 28:5) = I Chronicles 10:3, cf. Öt; fig. of mts. Habakkuk 3:10.

in contrition Jeremiah 5:3, חָ֫לוּ der. from חול Ew Gf Gie; < 𝔖 Ra Hi Ke al. from חלה (wrongly accented; vid. חלה Qal 2).

in anxious longing עַד בּוֹשׁ Judges 3:25, sq. לְ Micah 1:12 (on Genesis 8:10, cf. supr.)

whirl, whirl about עַל־רֹאשׁ יוֹאָב (i.e. blood—דמים—of Abner, from sword) II Samuel 3:29; of attach of sword itself Hosea 11:6 (‖ כִּלָּה, אכל), cf. Lamentations 4:6 לא חָ֫לוּ בה ידים; of tempest על ראשׁ רשׁעים יחול Jeremiah 23:19 (v a סער מִתְחוֹלֵל) = Jeremiah 30:23 (v a סַעַר מִתְגּוֹרֵר).

Impf. יְחוֹלֵל Psalms 29:9; 3 fs. תְּחוֹלֵל Proverbs 25:23; sf. תְּחוֹלֶלְכֶם Isaiah 51:2; 2 ms. תְּחוֹלֵל Job 35:14; וַתְּחוֹלֵל Psalms 90:2; Inf. cstr. חֹלֵל Job 39:1; Pt. מְחוֹלֵל Proverbs 26:10; מְחֹלֶלְךָ Deuteronomy 32:18; מְחֹלְלוֹת Judges 21:23;—I Samuel 18:6 Psalms 87:7 v infr.; on Isaiah 51:9 and Job 26:13 v. I. חלל;—

dance Judges 21:23, so perhaps also I Samuel 18:6 (read חַמְּחֹלְלוֹת 𝔊 We Dr; and חֹלֲלִים pt. (מ om.) Psalms 87:7 RV Pe De Che Bae; cf. Qal 1).

writhe in travail with, bear, bring forth (poet.), of Sarah, mother of Isr., Isaiah 51:2 (‖ אַבְרָהָם אֲבִיכֶם); of hinds Job 39:1 Psalms 29:9 (caus.); fig. of י׳’s producing earth Psalms 90:2 (‖ יֻלָּד֑וּ); of his bringing forth Isr. (with difficulty, v. Di) Deuteronomy 32:18; of north wind bringing forth rain Proverbs 25:23; רַב מְחוֹלֵל כֹּ֑ל Proverbs 26:10 a master produceth everything (on trans. see VB; Ew. al. derive from חלל wound).

wait anxiously (cf. Qal 2 d), sq. לְ Job 35:14 (Elihu).

Pf. חוֹלָ֑לתִּי Psalms 51:7 + 2 times; חוֹלָ֑לְתָּ Job 15:7; Impf. יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ Job 26:5;—

be made to writhe Job 26:5 (הָֽרְפָאִים).

be brought forth Job 15:7 (‖ תִּוָּלֵד), Psalms 51:7 (‖ יחם), metaph. of wisdom Proverbs 8:24, Proverbs 8:25.

Impf. יָחִיל Psalms 29:8^(×2) cause to be in anguish, c. acc. מִדְבָּר, subj. י׳. Hoph. Impf. יוּחַל Isaiah 66:8 be born (= travailed with, Che), subj. אֶרֶץ (‖ יִוָּלֵד גוי).

Pt. מִתְחוֹלֵל whirling סַעַר מתח׳ Jeremiah 23:19 (= סער מִתְגּוֹרֵר Jeremiah 30:23).

writhing, suffering torture Job 15:20 (of life of wicked).

Imv. הִתְחוֹלֵל Psalms 37:7 wait longingly sq. לְ for, ‖ דּוֹם.

Impf. 3 fs. וַתִּתְחַלְחַל Esther 4:4 and she writhed in anxiety.

חוֹל

n.m. ^{Hosea 2:1} sand (perhaps as turning or whirling; otherwise explained by Sta, vid. sub חֲוִילָה; NH id., Aramaic חָלָא, ܚܳܠܴܐ )—ח׳ abs. Genesis 22:17 + 15 times; cstr. Genesis 32:13 + 6times;—sand Exodus 2:12 (E); set as bound for sea Jeremiah 5:22; שְׂפֻנֵי טמוני ח׳ Deuteronomy 33:19 hidden treasures of sand, poet. for glass (regarded as mysteriously produced out of sand, v. Di and reff.);

usually sand of seashore, sim. of numberlessness, vastness, so of Abraham’s seed Genesis 22:17 (J; cf. Genesis 15:5); Jacob’s Genesis 32:13 (E); of a host Joshua 11:4 (JE), Judges 7:12 I Samuel 13:5 II Samuel 17:11; a people I Kings 4:20 Hosea 2:1 Isaiah 10:22; Isaiah 48:19 (‖ וְצֶאֱצָאֵי מֵעֶיךָ בִּמְעֹתָ֑יו), Jeremiah 33:22 Habakkuk 1:9; of corn gathered by Joseph Genesis 41:49; of days of Job Job 29:18 (on interpr. = phœnix, vid. Di); of birds עוף כנף (i.e. quails) Psalms 78:27 (‖ כֶּעָפָר); of vast extent of Sol.’s wisdom I Kings 5:9.

in comp., more than the sand Jeremiah 15:8 (widows of Judah); thoughts of God Psalms 139:18.

of weight (in balances), metaph. of Job’s vexation (כַּעַשׂ) Job 6:3 heavier than the sand, cf. וְנֵטֶל הַחוֹל Proverbs 27:3 (‖ כֹּבֶד אֶבֶן), said of כַּעַס אֱוִיל.—Combinations are: כח׳ אשׁר על שׂפת הים Genesis 22:17 Joshua 11:4 I Samuel 13:5 I Kings 5:9; כח׳ הַיָּם Genesis 32:13; Genesis 41:49 Isaiah 10:22 Hosea 2:1 (+ אשׁר לא יִמַּד ולא יִסָּפֵר); ח׳ הַיָּם Jeremiah 33:22; כח׳ שֶׁעַל־שׂפת הים לרב Judges 7:12; כח׳ אשׁר־על־הים לרב II Samuel 17:11 I Kings 4:20; (ם)חול יַמִּים Job 6:3 Psalms 78:27 Jeremiah 15:8.

חִיל

n.m. ^{Exodus 15:14} a writhing, anguish;—ח׳ abs. Exodus 15:14 + 5 times—

writhing (contortions of fear) Exodus 15:14 (‖ vb. רָגַז).

anguish, always in sim. כַּיּוֹלֵדָה Psalms 48:7 (allied kings against Jerus.); Zion, before Assyrians Micah 4:9; before Scythians or Chaldeans Jeremiah 6:24 (‖ צָרָה), = Jeremiah 50:43 (of king of Babylon; ‖ צָרָה); Jeremiah 22:23 (‖ חבלים q.v.)

חִילָה

n.f. anguish, Job 6:10.

חֵל

n.m. ^{Obadiah 1:20} rampart, fortress (perhaps orig. surrounding wall, cf. Sab. Denkm ^{91 n.2})—abs. חֵיל Nahum 3:8, חֵל Lamentations 2:8 + 3 times (+ Psalms 10:10 Qr v. חלכה); cstr. חֵל I Kings 21:23; sf. חֵילֵךְ Psalms 122:7, חֵילָהּ Zechariah 9:4; חֵילָה = חֵילָהּ Psalms 48:11, Ol^{§ 40 c. 75 g. 96 e} Sta^{§ 347 c};—

rampart (defined by Jews as בֶּן חוֹמָה, i.e. a little wall, cf. Ki s.v.), of an outer fortification II Samuel 20:15 (others, by meton., of space between outer and inner fortif., incl. moat, v. Dr Kit); Isaiah 26:1 Lamentations 2:8 (both ‖ חוֹמוֹת); in gen. of defences, or sea-power of Tyre וְהִכָּה בַיָּם חֵילָהּ Zechariah 9:4 (v. Sta^{ZAW i. 1881, 15}), of No-Amon (Thebes) אֲשֶׁר חֵיל יָם מִיָּם חוֹמָתָהּ Nahum 3:8; of Zion Psalms 122:7, also Psalms 48:14 (חילה = חֵילָהּ, cf. supr.; both ‖ ארמנותיך).—For חֵל I Kings 21:23 read prob. חֵלֶק, q.v.

fortress גָּלֻת הַחֵל הַזֶּה Obadiah 1:20 the exiles of this fortress (Hi-St; Or AVRV this army, חֵל = חַיִל).

חֵילָם

n.pr.loc. E. of Jordan II Samuel 10:16 (Th their army, but 𝔊 𝔖 I Ew^{Gesch. iii. 211 Anm. 1 = H iii. 155 n.2} We Dr) = חֵלָ֑א‌֯מָה v II Samuel 10:17 (𝔊 Αιλαμ); + חילם Ezekiel 47:16 (𝔊 Ηλιαμ) Co; according to this it lay on the border between Damascus and Hamath.

חֹלוֹן

n.pr.loc.

in Moab חֹלוֹן Jeremiah 48:21 (𝔊 Χελων, Χαιλων.

in Judah חֹלֹן Joshua 15:51 (𝔊 Χαλου, 𝔊L Χειλου); priestly city Joshua 21:15 (𝔊 Γελλα, 𝔊L Ιλων) = חִילֵן I Chronicles 6:43 (𝔊L Χελων).

חֵלֹן

n.pr.m. a man of Zebulon Numbers 1:9; Numbers 2:7; Numbers 7:24, Numbers 7:29; Numbers 10:16 (𝔊 Χαιλων, 𝔊L Χελων).

חַלְחָלָה

n.f. anguish, מָֽלְאוּ מָתְנַי ח׳ Isaiah 21:3, ח׳ בכל מתנים Nahum 2:11; Ezekiel 30:4, Ezekiel 30:9 (‖ החריד).

חול

vb. be firm, strong (Aramaic Pa. Strengthen, חֵילָא, ܚܰܝܠܴܐ strength; Palm. רב חילא רבא general-in-chief Vog^{No. 28} al.; Sab. חֿיל Sab. Denkm^.91 (on חֿל in Sab. n.pr.v Hal^{JAS Juin, 1872, 533}); Ethiopic ኄለ, ኀyየለ be strong, ኀይል strength, army, ኀyያl strong; Assyrian ḫâ(i)ltu, army Flood Tabl. ^iii.22 horses (as strong ones? cf. Psalms 33:17))—only

Impf. in לֹא יָחִיל טוּבוֹ Job 20:21 his prosperity is not firm (does not endure); יָחִילוּ דְרָכָו֯ בְּכָל־עֵת Psalms 10:5 his ways are always firm (stable, prosperous), so Ol De Pe Che al.

חַ֫יִל

n.m. II Kings 10:2 strength, efficiency, wealth, army;—abs. ח׳ Genesis 47:6 +, חָ֑יִל Psalms 60:14 +, חָ֑יִל Psalms 60:14 +, חֵיל Isaiah 36:2 II Kings 18:17; cstr. חֵיל Exodus 14:28 + (on Psalms 10:10 v. חלכה); sf. חֵילִי Job 31:25 + 2 times; חֵילְךָ Jeremiah 15:13 +; חֵילוֹ Exodus 14:4 +, etc.; pl. חֲיָלִים I Chronicles 7:5 + 19 times; sf. חֵילֵיהֶם Isaiah 30:6;—

strength, usually physical:

seld. alone (chiefly poet.) I Samuel 2:4 Psalms 18:33, Psalms 18:40 = II Samuel 22:33, II Samuel 22:40; also גָּֽבְרוּ ח׳ Job 21:7, cf. Ecclesiastes 10:10; מֵחַיִל אֶל־חָ֑יִל Psalms 84:8; בְּכֹחַ ח׳ II Chronicles 26:13; of virility Proverbs 31:3; of י׳’s power Psalms 59:12; Psalms 110:3, cf. Habakkuk 3:19; strength of horse Psalms 33:17; fig. of product of vine and fig-tree Joel 2:22 (‖ פְּרִי).

of result or display of strength עשׂה ח׳ achieve might = do valiantly Numbers 24:18 (JE), I Samuel 14:48 Psalms 60:14 = Psalms 108:14, Psalms 118:15, Psalms 118:16.

often in phrases גִּבּוֹר(הַ)ח׳, גִּבּוֹרֵי(הַ)ח׳ hero(es) of strength, mighty man (men) of valour Joshua 1:14 (D), Joshua 6:2; Joshua 8:3; Joshua 10:7 (all JE), Judges 6:12; Judges 11:1; I Samuel 9:1 I Samuel 16:18 I Kings 11:28 II Kings 5:1; II Kings 15:20; II Kings 24:14, II Kings 24:16 I Chronicles 5:24; I Chronicles 7:2, I Chronicles 7:9; I Chronicles 8:40 + (very freq. in Ch), note especially הַגִּבּוֹרִים וכל גבורי ח׳ I Chronicles 28:1; also ג׳ ח׳ II Chronicles 13:3 (‖ ג׳ מלחמה); ג׳ (הַ)חֲיָלִים I Chronicles 7:5, I Chronicles 7:7, I Chronicles 7:11, I Chronicles 7:40; I Chronicles 11:26 (v. also גִּבּוֹר, p. 150); בֶּן־(הַ)ח׳, בְּנֵי(הַ)ח׳ Deuteronomy 3:18 Judges 18:2 + (v. בֵּן 8, p. 121); אִישׁ ח׳, אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Judges 3:29; Judges 20:44, Judges 20:46 I Samuel 31:12; II Samuel 11:16; II Samuel 23:20; (Qr; Kt חי, on phr. בן־אישׁ חיל cf. Dr) = I Chronicles 11:22 (Kt חיל), II Samuel 24:9 Nahum 2:4 Jeremiah 48:14 I Chronicles 10:12 Nehemiah 11:6 Psalms 76:6; ironical א׳ ח׳ לִמְסֹךְ שֵׁבָר Isaiah 5:22 (‖ גבורים לשׁתות יין); Ecclesiastes 12:3 metaph. of legs.

ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Genesis 47:6 (J), Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25 (both E); of a woman אֵשֶׁת ח׳ Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 31:10 Ruth 3:11; cf. I Kings 1:42, I Kings 1:52 (opp. רעה), and especially אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ יִרְאֵי אלהים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שׂנְאֵי בָּ֑צַע Exodus 18:21 (E); עָשָׂה היל Proverbs 31:29 do worthily, efficiently, perhaps also Ruth 4:11; late (with weakened meaning of גִּבּוֹר) גִּבּוֹרֵי חֵיל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדַת בֵּית הָאלהים I Chronicles 9:13, cf. אישׁ ח׳ בַּכֹּחַ לַעֲכֹדָה I Chronicles 26:8. So also I Samuel 10:26 (read בְּנֵי ח׳, v. 𝔊 We Dr, men of worth, opp. בני בליעל v I Samuel 10:27).for MT ח׳ force, band.

wealth Genesis 34:29 Numbers 31:9 (both P), Deuteronomy 8:17, Deuteronomy 8:18; Deuteronomy 33:11 Isaiah 8:4; Isaiah 10:14; Isaiah 30:6 (‖ אוֹצְרֹתָם), Isaiah 60:5 (‖ הֲמוֹן יָם), v Isaiah 60:11; Isaiah 61:6 Micah 4:13 Jeremiah 15:13; Jeremiah 17:3 (both ‖ אצרות), Zephaniah 1:13 Ezekiel 26:12; Ezekiel 28:4, Ezekiel 28:5^(×2) Zechariah 14:14 Job 5:5; Job 15:29; Job 20:15, Job 20:18; Job 31:25 Psalms 49:7, Psalms 49:11; Psalms 62:11; Psalms 73:12 Proverbs 13:22.

force, army, very often Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:9, Exodus 14:17, Exodus 14:28 (all P), Exodus 15:4 (song), I Samuel 17:20; II Samuel 8:9 II Kings 6:4, II Kings 6:15; II Kings 25:1, II Kings 25:5^(×2), II Kings 25:10 II Chronicles 13:3 (בְּחַיִל גִּבּוֹרֵי מלחמה), II Chronicles 14:7; II Chronicles 16:7; II Chronicles 23:14 +; so usually Jer.: Jeremiah 32:2; Jeremiah 34:1 +; freq. Ezek.: Ezekiel 17:17; Ezekiel 27:10 +; Daniel 11:7, Daniel 11:13, Daniel 11:25^(×2), Daniel 11:26; = a band I Samuel 10:26 (MT, but v. 2, ad fin.); of queen’s train ח׳ כָּבֵד I Kings 10:2 = II Chronicles 9:1; חֵיל כָּבֵד Isaiah 36:2 = II Kings 18:17 (var. חַיִל) a powerful army (on form cf. Sta^{§ 194 c}); also (late) חֵיל הַצָּבָא I Chronicles 20:1 II Chronicles 26:13, חֵיל עָם Esther 8:11; הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים Daniel 11:10; שַׂר־הח׳ II Samuel 24:2 captain of the host, שָׂרֵי הח׳ v II Samuel 24:4, II Samuel 24:4; שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים captains of armies (bands, divisions) I Kings 15:20 = II Chronicles 16:4, II Kings 25:23 Jeremiah 40:7, Jeremiah 40:13; Jeremiah 41:11, Jeremiah 41:13, Jeremiah 41:16; Jeremiah 42:1, Jeremiah 42:8; Jeremiah 43:4, Jeremiah 43:5; פִּקּוּדֵי החיל Numbers 31:14 (P).—חֵילוֹ Ezekiel 32:31 om. B Hi Co; for חֵילֵךְ Ezekiel 27:11 read prob. a n.pr.loc., cf. Da; Co proposes חתלון (cf. Ezekiel 47:15; Ezekiel 48:1), Hal^{Mél. Epigr. 1874, 69} חלך = Cilicia, v. Lag^{M i, 211}.

חוּל²

n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of Aramaic Genesis 10:23 = I Chronicles 1:17, named between עוּץ and גֶּתֶר 𝔊 Ουλ.

חוּם

adj. darkened, dark brown or black, only of colour of sheep (in Genesis 30, J);—וכל־שֶׂה־חוּם בכשׂבים Genesis 30:32, וְחוּם בכ׳ Genesis 30:33, Genesis 30:35, וכל־חוּם בְּצֹאן Genesis 30:40 (cl. prob. interpol. Ol Hup De We Di).

חוֹמָה

v. sub חמה.

חוּס

vb. pity, look upon with compassion (Aramaic ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs, in n.pr. cf. Dl^{Pr 181})—

Pf. 3 fs. חָסָה Ezekiel 16:5, 2 ms. חַ֫סְתָּ Jonah 4:10; Impf. 3 ms. יָחוּס Jeremiah 21:7; יָחֹס Psalms 72:13; 3 fs. תָּחוּס Isaiah 13:18; תָּחוֹס Deuteronomy 7:16 + 9 times (Ges^{§ 72 R 4} Bö^{§ 1133 (2)}); תָּחֹס Genesis 45:20 Ezekiel 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס I Samuel 24:11 Ezekiel 20:17; 1 s. אָחוּס Jeremiah 13:14 + 2 times; Imv. חוּ֫סָה Joel 2:17 Nehemiah 13:22:—

of the eye, עין, תח(ו)ס על (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Deuteronomy 7:16; Deuteronomy 13:9; Deuteronomy 19:13; Isaiah 13:18 Ezekiel 7:4; Ezekiel 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Ezekiel 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Genesis 45:20 (R^JE) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן I Samuel 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס for וַתָּחָס 𝔊 𝔖 We Klo Dr); with ellipsis of על Deuteronomy 19:21; Deuteronomy 25:12 Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Ezekiel 9:5.

of God חוסה על Nehemiah 13:22 Joel 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Jonah 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Jeremiah 13:14 Ezekiel 24:14.

of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן Psalms 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy; Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (i.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Jeremiah 21:7; Jonah, על חקיקיון Jonah 4:10.—Vid. also חמל.

חוֹף

v. sub i. חפף.

חוּץ

n.[m.] the outside, sometimes, especially in pl., spec. a street, never with sf. in sg., with ָה loc. ח֫וּצָה, חֻ֫צָה, pl. חוּצוֹת, חֻצוֹת, with sf. חוּצֹתָיו etc., Isaiah 15:3 etc.;—

the outside, of a house, tent, city, camp, etc., often used, especially with preps., to express the adv. idea of outside, abroad (Aramaic syn., except in sense 2 a, is בַּר, ܒܰܪ):

as accus. after vb. of motion Deuteronomy 23:13 יָצָא חוּץ to go forth outside (sc. a camp), v Deuteronomy 23:14 (as adv. accus.) בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ חוּץ outside, הוֹצִיא הַחוּץ to bring forth outside (a house or chamber) Judges 19:25 II Samuel 13:18 cf. Nehemiah 13:8, Judges 12:9 בָּנוֹת הֵבִיא לְבָנָיו מִן־הַחוּץ from outside, from abroad, II Kings 4:3 שַׁאֲלִי־לָךְ כֵּלִים מִן־הַחוּץ from outside (opp. בַּבַּיִת v II Kings 4:2); as genit. Leviticus 18:9 מוֹלֶדֶת חוּץ one born abroad (i.e. by another father or mother, of a half-sister: opp. מוֹלֶדֶת בַּיִת) Ezekiel 47:2^(×2). With ָה loc. חוּצָה, after a vb. of motion Exodus 12:46 מִן־הַבַּיִת … חוּצָה, Proverbs 5:16 II Chronicles 29:16, II Chronicles 33:15 חוּצָה לָעִיר outside of the city, Numbers 35:4 מִקִּיר הָעִיר וָחוּצָה from the wall of the city and outwards; = on the outside, without I Kings 6:6 Isaiah 33:7 צָֽעֲקוּ חוּצָה cry without, II Chronicles 24:8: so הַחוּצָה Genesis 15:5 וַיּוֹצֵא אֹתוֹ הח׳ and brought him outside, Genesis 19:17; Genesis 24:29 Joshua 2:19 +, I Kings 8:8 לֹא יֵרָאוּ הַחוּצָה were not seen towards the outside, Deuteronomy 25:5 לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר i.e. shall not be married into another family, cf. Judges 12:9.

with preps.: a. †אל־החוץ towards the outside Ezekiel 41:9, †Ezekiel 34:21 pleon. אל־החוצה. b. בחוץ Genesis 9:22 outside (opp. בְּתוֹךְ אָהֳלֹה v Genesis 9:21), Genesis 24:31 לָמָּה תַעֲמֹד בַּחוּץ, Deuteronomy 24:11 Exodus 21:19 אם יקום והתהלך בחוץ (after leaving a sick couch), II Kings 10:24 Psalms 31:12 Ezekiel 7:15 (opp. מִבַּיִת), Hosea 7:1 +. c. †לחוץ Psalms 41:7 יצא לחוץ; = on the outside Ezekiel 41:17; Ezekiel 42:7, †לַחוּצָה II Chronicles 32:5 towards the outside. d. מִחוּץ on (מִן 1 c) the outside Ezekiel 40:19; Ezekiel 46:2, מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ within and without (of an ark, building, etc.) Genesis 6:14 Exodus 25:11 = Exodus 37:2 I Kings 7:9, Deuteronomy 32:25 מחוץ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶרֶב (opp. וּמֵחֲדָרִים אֵימָה), Lamentations 1:20 (cf. Ezekiel 7:15 supr. b); so מֵהַחוּץ †Ezekiel 41:25. מִחוּץ לְ on the outside of, Genesis 19:16 וַיַּנִּיחֵהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, Genesis 24:11 Exodus 26:35; Exodus 37:7^(×2) Leviticus 8:17; Leviticus 14:8 Numbers 35:5 Joshua 6:23 Jeremiah 21:4 +, even after a vb. of motion I Kings 21:13 וַיּוֹצִיאוּהוּ מִחוּץ לָעִיר, II Kings 23:6, though in this case אל מחוץ ל is more common, Leviticus 4:12, Leviticus 4:21 אל מחוץ למחנה, Leviticus 6:4; Leviticus 10:4; Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:41 + often P, Deuteronomy 23:11. e. †מִחוּצָה Ezekiel 40:40 on the outside, מִחוּצָה לְ v Ezekiel 40:44. f. (late) †חוּץ מִן outside of, Ecclesiastes 2:25 who can eat, and who enjoy, חוּץ מִמֶּנִּי outside of me, i.e. except me? (but read rather, with 𝔊 𝔖 De Now al., חוּץ מִמֶּנּוּ apart from, without him, i.e. God). (So NH חוּץ מִן except, without, v. De Ecclesiastes 2:25. Cf. the Aramaic syn. בַּר מִן except Exodus 20:3 𝔗, apart from, without Isaiah 36:10 𝔗; Syriac ܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢ id.)

Of a definite locality, viz.

that which is outside the houses of a town, i.e. a street Isaiah 51:23 כַּחוּץ לַעֹבְרִים, Jeremiah 37:21 חוּץ הָאֹפִים the Bakers’ street, Proverbs 1:20 בַּחוּץ (‖ בָּֽרְחֹבוֹת: so Proverbs 7:12; Proverbs 22:13 Jeremiah 9:20); often in pl., as חוּצֹת אַשְׁקְלוֹן the streets of Ashkelon II Samuel 1:20, ח׳ ירושׁלם Jeremiah 5:1; Jeremiah 7:17, Jeremiah 7:34 + often Jer., I Kings 20:34 וְחֻצוֹת תָּשִׂים־לְךָ בְּדַמֶּשֶׂק and streets (i.e. bazaars) shalt thou make thee in D., as my father made in Samaria (a concession involving the right of trading), Amos 5:16 Isaiah 15:3; Isaiah 24:11 (as scene of mourning), Isaiah 5:25 Jeremiah 51:4 Ezekiel 11:6; Ezekiel 28:23 (as filled with corpses of slain), בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת i.e. in conspicuous places, Nahum 3:10 Lamentations 2:19; Lamentations 4:1 Isaiah 51:20, טִיט חוּצוֹת mire of streets Zechariah 10:5 (trampled on by warriors), in simile, of foes trodden under foot, Psalms 18:43 Micah 7:10 (so כְּחֹמֶר ח׳ Isaiah 10:6), metaph. of cheapness and abundance Zechariah 9:3.

more gen., that which is outside enclosed cities, the open country, Job 18:17 וְלֹא שֵׁם לוֹ עַל־פְּנֵי־חוּץ (v. De), cr. Proverbs 24:27; in the pl. Job 5:10 וְשֹׁלֵחַ מַיִם עַל פְּנֵי חוּצוֹת, Proverbs 8:26 Psalms 144:13 (as place where flocks abound).

חַ֫יִץ

n.[m.] party-wall (NH id., prob. from Ez l.c.)—Ezekiel 13:10, according to Ki מחיצה גרועה i.e. a thin or party-wall.

חֵיק

n.[m.] bosom (NH id.)—abs. חֵיק Ezekiel 43:17 Proverbs 16:33 + Ezekiel 43:13 (Co חיקו, cf. ZKW ^{1883, pp. 67 ff.}; חֵיקֹה Dr^{Sm xxxi}), חֵק Proverbs 21:14; cstr. חֵיק I Kings 22:35 + 3 times + Ezekiel 43:14 (Co חיקו) חֵק Proverbs 5:20 (om. by accident in Baer, cf. Str^{ad loc.}) Proverbs 17:23; sf. חֵיקִי I Kings 3:20 Psalms 89:51; חֵקִי Job 19:27 etc.; elsewhere always plene c. sf.; חוקך Kt Psalms 74:11 (Qr חֵיקְךָ);—bosom, specif.

of fold of garment, at breast Exodus 4:6^(×2), Exodus 4:7^(×3) (all J), Proverbs 6:27; Proverbs 16:33, metaph. of י׳ Psalms 74:11; שֹׁחַד בח׳ Proverbs 21:14 is a hidden reward (concealed in bosom; ‖ מַתָּן בַּסֵּתֶר); שֹׁחַד מֵחֵק Proverbs 17:23 is a gift secretly given; fig., requite into bosom Isaiah 65:6, Isaiah 65:7; Jeremiah 32:18; cf. Psalms 35:13; Psalms 79:12.

carry (נָשָׁא) in bosom, Moses the people Numbers 11:12 (JE); Naomi, Ruth’s child Ruth 4:16, cf. I Kings 3:20^(×2); I Kings 17:19; ewe lamb II Samuel 12:3 Isaiah 40:11 (metaph.); Lamentations 2:12 of infants dying in their mothers’ arms; fig. of carrying insults in one’s bosom Psalms 89:51 (read prob. כְּלִמַּת for כֹּל, v. Bi Che).

bosom as part of body:

external, lie in bosom, of wife שׁכבת Micah 7:5, cf. II Samuel 12:8; concubine Genesis 16:5 (J) cf. I Kings 1:2; אֵשֶׁת חיק(ך) Deuteronomy 13:7; Deuteronomy 28:54, cf. also Proverbs 5:20 תְּחַבֵּק חֵק נָכְרִיָּה; אִישׁ חֵיקָהּ Deuteronomy 28:56.

internal, anger resteth בח׳ כסילים Ecclesiastes 7:9; כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי Job 19:27 my reins are consumed within me; Job 23:12 (read בְּחֵקִי for מֵחֻקִּי, so 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Me Stu Di) in my breast have I hidden the words of his mouth (cf. בְּלִבִּי Psalms 119:11); fig. of interior of chariot I Kings 22:35 ח׳ הרכב; of hollow bottom of altar Ezekiel 43:13, Ezekiel 43:14, Ezekiel 43:17 (Sm Rinne; Co Grundeinfassung).

חוּקֹק

n.pr.loc. city in Asher I Chronicles 6:60 𝔊 Ικακ, 𝔊L Ακωκ; but read prob. חֶלְקַת (as Joshua 19:25) q.v.—חֻקֹ֑קָה Joshua 19:34 v. sub חקק.

חָוַר

vb. be or grow white, pale (Arabic حَوِرَ be white, حَوَرٌ whiteness, Aramaic ܚܘܰܪ, חֲוַר be white)—only

Impf. 3 mpl. וְלֹא עַתָּה פָּנָיו יֶחֱוָ֑רוּ Isaiah 29:22 (‖ לֹא עַתָּה יֵבוֹשׁ יַעֲקֹב).

חוּר

n.[m.] white stuff (dub. whether cotton or linen, cf. כַּרְפַּס), ‖ תְּכֵלֶת:—of Mordecai’s garments בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת תְּכֵלֶת וָחוּר Esther 8:15 in a royal garment of violet and white stuff (cf. וְתַכְרִיךְ בּוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן v b); of furnishings of royal palace of Susa ח׳ כַּרְפַּס וּתְכֵלֶת אָחוּז בְּחַבְלֵי־בוּץ וְאַרְגָּמָן Esther 1:6 white stuff of fine linen (?) held fast by cords of byssus and purple.

חוֹרָ֑י

n.m. white stuff, cf. i. חוּר; וְאֹרְגִים חוֹרָ֑י Isaiah 19:9 and (those) weaving white stuff.

חֹרִי

n.[m.] white bread or cake שְׁלֹשָׁה סַלֵּי חֹרִי Genesis 40:16 three baskets of white bread.—ii. חֹרִי v. iii. חרר.

חוּר²

n.pr.m. (meaning dub.; cf. Nab. n.pr. חורו Nö in Eut^{p. 45})—

𝔊 Ωρ, named with Aaron as compan. of Moses Exodus 17:10, Exodus 17:12; Exodus 24:14 (all E).

𝔊 Ωρ, a Judahite Exodus 31:2 = Exodus 35:30, cf. Exodus 38:22 (all P) I Chronicles 2:19, I Chronicles 2:20, I Chronicles 2:50 (on div. of verse v. Be VB); also I Chronicles 4:1, I Chronicles 4:4 II Chronicles 1:5.

𝔊 Ουρ, a king of Midian Numbers 31:8 Joshua 13:21 (both P).

𝔊L Σουρ (B om.) head of fam. of returned exiles Nehemiah 3:9.

בֶּן־חוּר officer of Sol. I Kings 4:8, v. sub בֵּן p. 122.

חוּר³

= חֻר v. sub III. חרר.

חוּרַי

n.pr.m. a hero of David ח׳ מִנַּחֲלֵי גָ֔עַשׁ I Chronicles 11:32 𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι, 𝔊L Ουρια; = הִדָּי II Samuel 23:30 (om. B; A Αθθαι, 𝔊L Αδδαι).

חוּרִי

n.pr.m. a Gileadite (of Gad) I Chronicles 5:14 (𝔊 Ουρ(ε)ι).

חוּרָם

v. חִירָם sub אַח, אחה supr. p. 27 b.

חֹר

n.[m.] hollow, only in חֹר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד Numbers 33:32 hollow of Gidgad (v. Di); v. p. 151.

חוֹר

(חוֹרִים) v. sub II., III. חרר.

חַוְרָן

n.pr.terr. (meaning unknown; conjectures are:—black-land (as basaltic region), supported by حَوْر black, dial. of Yemen, Maltzan^{ZMG 1874, 230}, and tokens of immigration from Yemen into Ḥaurân, Wetzst in De ^{Job 2, 598; ZKW 1884, 120}; land of caves, Thes Hi-Sm, Porter^{Dict. Bib.}, and hollow, GASm^{Geogr. 552}, who comp. Heb. חור hole; but this prob. from iii. חרר, and Arabic خَوْر, hollow, diff. from حَوْرَان )—district SE. from Mt. Hermon, extending between Jaulan and Lejah, toward Syriac desert; only גְּבוּל חַוְרָ֑ן Ezekiel 47:16 cf. מִבֵּין חַוְרָ֥ן וּמִבֵּין דַּמֶּשֶׂק v Ezekiel 47:18; = Assyrian Ḫaurani Dl^{Pa 294}; 𝔊 Αυρανιτις, and so Jos^Ant. xv. 10, 1 etc., Arabic حَوْرَان. On this district v. Wetzst ^{Hauran, (1860)} and in De ^{Job 2, 597 ff.} Bd^{Pal 195 ff.} Schumacher^{Across the Jordan, 1889; ZPV xii. 1889, 225 ff. (with map)} GASm^{Geogr. 552 f. 609 ff.}

חוּשׁ

vb. haste, make haste (Assyrian ḫâšu, Dl^{Pr 180}, Ethiopic ሖሰ; on this vb. v. Nö^{ZMG 1883, 538})—

Pf. 3 ms. חָשׁ Deuteronomy 32:35 (or Pt., but v. Di), 1 s. חַשְׁתִּי Psalms 119:60; Impf. 3 fs. וַתַּ֫חַשׁ (sic!) Job 31:5 Ges^{§ 72 R. 9}; Imv. חוּ֫שָׁה I Samuel 20:38 + 6 times ψ, + Psalms 71:12 Qr (Kt חישׁה); Inf. sf. חוּשִׁי Job 20:2; Pt. act. חָשׁ Habakkuk 1:8 + Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3 in n.pr.; pass. חֻשִׁים Numbers 32:17; but v. infr.:—make haste Deuteronomy 32:35 (‖ קרוב), Psalms 119:60; in prophetic n.pr. מַהֵר שָׁלָל חָשׁ בַּ֑ז Isaiah 8:1, Isaiah 8:3; of eagle (in sim. of Chald. army) נשׁר חשׁ לאכול Habakkuk 1:8; Job 31:5 subj. רגל, sq. על־מרמה; חוּ֫שִׁי בִי Job 20:2 my haste in me, i.e. my inward excitement—especially Imv. I Samuel 20:38 (‖ מהרה), and in ψψ: sq. לְעֶזְרָתִי Psalms 22:20; Psalms 38:23; Psalms 40:14; Psalms 70:2; Psalms 71:12 (Qr); sq. לִי Psalms 70:6; Psalms 141:1; pt. pass. נֵחָלֵץ חֻשִׁים Numbers 32:17, but prob. for חֲמֻשִׁים (Kn Di comp. Exodus 13:18 etc.); Ba^{NB 180} retains חוּשִׁים and regards it as act. (intrans.) = hastening.

Pf. הֵחִישׁוּ Judges 20:37; Impf. יָחִישׁ Isaiah 28:16; יָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Isaiah 5:19 (Ges^{§ 48. 3}); אָחִ֫ישָׁה coh. Psalms 55:9; sf. אֲחִישֶׁנָּה Isaiah 60:22;—

shew haste, act quickly Judges 20:37; hasten, come quickly Isaiah 5:19 (subj. מַעֲשֵׂהוּ, ‖ יְמַהֵר; others: let him hasten on his work), יָחִישׁ Isaiah 28:16 hasten away (flee), or hasten about distractedly (si vera l.; Che Guthe read ימישׁ yield, give way).

transit. c. sf. Isaiah 60:22 I will hasten it; c. acc. Psalms 55:9 I would hasten (= secure quickly) my escape.

חִישׁ

adv. quickly, כי גז חישׁ Psalms 90:10 of passing away of human life.

חוּשׁ²

vb. feel, enjoy (with the senses) (Now comp. Arabic حَسَّ feel, perceive by senses; NH חוּשׁ feel pain; Aramaic ܚܳܫ חוּשׁ, feel pain; Ethiopic ሕዋስ perception)—only

Impf. 3 ms. מִי יֹאכַל וּמִי יָחוּשׁ Ecclesiastes 2:25 who can eat and who can feel (i.e. enjoy pleasure)?

חוּשָׁה

n.pr.m. a ‘son’ of חוּר = place in Judah I Chronicles 4:4.

חוּשַׁי

n.pr.m.

ח׳ הָאַרְכִּי II Samuel 15:32 so II Samuel 17:5, II Samuel 17:14, called רֵעֶה דוד II Samuel 15:37 friend of David, so II Samuel 16:16 a; cf. II Samuel 16:16, II Samuel 16:17, II Samuel 16:18 I Chronicles 27:33; also I Samuel 17:6, I Samuel 17:7, I Samuel 17:8, I Samuel 17:15

I Kings 4:16 father of one of Solomon’s officers.

חוּשִׁים

n.pr.f. wife of Shaharaim of Benjamin, חוּשִׁים I Chronicles 8:8, חֻשִׁים v I Chronicles 8:11.

חֻשִׁים

n.pr.m. of Dan, וּבְנֵי דָן ח׳ Genesis 46:23 cf. חֻשִֿׁם בְּנֵי אַחֵר I Chronicles 7:12 (v. Be VB); = שׁוּחָם (q.v.) Numbers 26:42 cf. שׁוּחָתִי v Numbers 26:42, Numbers 26:43.

חֻשָֿׁם

n.pr.m. a king of Edom: חֻשָֿׁם Genesis 36:34, Genesis 36:35 = חוּשָׁם I Chronicles 1:45, I Chronicles 1:46.

חוֹתָם

v. sub חתם.

חֲזָאֵל

v. חֲזָהאֵל sub i. חזה.

חָזָה

vb. (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aramaic ܚܙܳܐ, חֲזָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palm. Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf^{ZMG, 1888, 397}; Arabic حَزَى, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَازٍ astronomer, astrologer)—

Pf. ח׳ Psalms 58:11 + 6 times; חָזִיתָ Proverbs 22:29; Proverbs 29:20; חָזִית Isaiah 57:8; חָזִיתִי Job 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ Psalms 63:3; חָ֥זוּ Job 24:1 + 5 times; חֲזִיתֶם Job 27:12 Ezekiel 13:7, Ezekiel 13:8; Impf. יֶחֱזֶה Numbers 24:4 + 2 times; 3 fs. וְתַ֫חַז Micah 4:11; 2 ms. תֶּחֱזֶה Exodus 18:21; 1 s. אֶחֱזֶה Psalms 17:15 + 4 times; אָ֫חַז Job 23:9; pl. יֶחֱזוּ Isaiah 26:11 + 4 times; יֶחֱזָ֑יוּן Isaiah 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶ֫ינָת Isaiah 33:17 + 2 times; תֶּחֱזוּ Isaiah 30:10 Song of Songs 7:1; 1 pl. וְנֶחֱזֶת Song of Songs 7:1; Imv. חֲזֵה Isaiah 33:20; Isaiah 48:6; חֲזוּ Psalms 46:9 Isaiah 30:10; Inf. cstr. חֲזוֹת Psalms 27:4 Ezekiel 21:34; Pt. חֹזֶה Ezekiel 12:27; pl. חֹזִים Isaiah 47:13 Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:16; Ezekiel 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, v. חֹזֶה.)

see, behold:

with the eye, acc. rei Psalms 58:9, Psalms 58:11 Proverbs 22:29; Proverbs 29:20 Isaiah 33:20; Isaiah 57:8; God in theophany Exodus 24:11 (JE); God, after death, apart from the flesh Job 19:26, Job 19:27; the face of God Psalms 11:7; Psalms 17:15 (after death).

subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes: תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Isaiah 33:17; also of God’s eyes: Psalms 11:4; Psalms 17:2.

with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Song of Songs 7:1, Song of Songs 7:1; Zion Micah 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple Psalms 27:4; the work of God Job 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Isaiah 47:13.

see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with acc. of the vision seen: חזון Isaiah 1:1 Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 13:16; מחזה Numbers 24:4, Numbers 24:16 (JE; poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ezekiel 13:7; משּׂא Isaiah 13:1 Habakkuk 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא Lamentations 2:14; שׁוא Ezekiel 13:6, Ezekiel 13:9, Ezekiel 13:23; Ezekiel 21:34; Ezekiel 22:28 Lamentations 2:14; כזב Ezekiel 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zechariah 10:2; obj. deceitful things Isaiah 30:10; דבר(ים) Isaiah 2:1 Amos 1:1 Micah 1:1; with לְ, be a seer, for any one Isaiah 30:10; see a vision for one Lamentations 2:14, Lamentations 2:14.

see, perceive:

with the intelligence, abs. Job 34:32 Proverbs 24:32; acc. rei Isaiah 48:6; Yahweh in his temple Psalms 63:3; in his providential workings Job 23:9 Psalms 46:9 Isaiah 26:11^(×2).

see, by experience abs. Job 27:12; acc. rei Job 15:17; Job 24:1.

provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Exodus 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability (E).

—בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶחֱזֶה Job 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, cf. Reuss al. after 𝔖 𝔗. Other renderings are: pierceth (cf. חָזַז) Bö Ew Hi (יְחַזֶּה), Di De MV; between (v. p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) 𝔊 Siegf.

חוֹזָ֑י²

II Chronicles 33:19, v. following.

חֹזֶה

n.m. seer;—abs. ח׳ Amos 7:12 + 7 times; cstr. חֹזֵה I Chronicles 21:9 + 3 times; חוֹזֵה II Chronicles 35:15; pl. חֹזִים II Chronicles 29:10 + 4 times; חוֹזִים II Chronicles 33:19 (so read with 𝔊; חוֹזָ֑י MT scribal error)—

seer:

of unnamed persons, syn. נבא(ים) II Kings 17:13 Isaiah 29:10; רֹאִים Isaiah 30:10; קֹסְמִים Micah 3:7; historical writers דִּבְרֵי הַחֹזִים II Chronicles 33:18, דברי חוזים (𝔊) II Chronicles 33:19 (MT appar. n.pr.)

named prophets; Gad II Samuel 24:11 = I Chronicles 21:9, I Chronicles 29:29 II Chronicles 29:25; Amos Amos 7:12; Iddo II Chronicles 9:29; II Chronicles 12:15; Jehu II Chronicles 19:2.

the singers: Heman I Chronicles 25:5; Asaph II Chronicles 29:30; Jeduthun II Chronicles 35:15.

It seems best to add 2. vision (cf. רֹאֶה Isaiah 28:7) עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה Isaiah 28:15 with Sheʾôl we made a vision (had a vision, in connexion with Sheʾôl—i.e. by necromancy, v. Du—which makes us secure; ‖ כרת ברית אֶת־מָוֶת); Ew^{§ 156 e} trans. oracle here and II Kings 17:13; Hoffm^{ZAW iii. 95} puts this under 1: ‘we have appointed a prophet with Sheʾôl (SS “Ein bei der Scheol bestellter Seher”), who is answerable to us for it;’ 𝔊 𝔙 𝔗 AV RV Che Di al., are at (or have made an) agreement (prophetic advice of seers being taken at time of making treaties; v. חָזוּת 1)—Vid. also כָּל־חֹזֶה n.pr.m. sub כל.

חָזוֹן

n.m. ^{Daniel 8:1} vision (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 204})—abs. ח׳ Hosea 12:11 + 25 times; cstr. חֲזוֹן Isaiah 1:1 + 8 times.

vision, as seen in the ecstatic state ‖ קסם Micah 3:6; ‖ מקסם Ezekiel 12:24; ‖ חלמות Daniel 1:17; ‖ נביא Daniel 9:24; חזה ח׳ Ezekiel 12:27; Ezekiel 13:16; ראה ח׳ Daniel 8:15; ראה בח׳ Daniel 8:2, Daniel 8:2; Daniel 9:21; דבּר בח׳ Psalms 89:20; חזון נראה אל Daniel 8:1 vision appeared unto; מצא ח׳ מיהוה Lamentations 2:9 find a vision from Yahweh; also Ezekiel 12:22, Ezekiel 12:23 Daniel 8:13, Daniel 8:17, Daniel 8:26; Daniel 10:14; Daniel 11:14.

vision, in the night חֲזוֹן לַיְלָה Isaiah 29:7.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy בקשׁ ח׳ מנביא seek a vision (prophecy) from prophet Ezekiel 7:26; ‖ דבר(ים) I Samuel 3:1 I Chronicles 17:15; חֲזוֹן לִבָּם יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ Jeremiah 23:16 a prophecy of their own hearts (minds) they speak; חֲזוֹן שֶׁקֶר וְקֶסֶם אֱלִיל וְתַרְמִית לִבָּם הֵמָּה מִתְנַבְּאִים Jeremiah 14:14 false vision and (v. אֱלִיל) worthless divination & deceit of their own hearts they are prophesying; כתב ח׳ write the vision Habakkuk 2:2; also Hosea 12:11 Habakkuk 2:3 Proverbs 29:18 Ezekiel 7:13 (del. Co).

vision, as title of book of prophecy, ספר חזון נחוּם Nahum 1:1; ח׳ ישׁעיהו Isaiah 1:1; ח׳ עבדיה Obadiah 1:1; of other writings of prophets II Chronicles 32:32.

חָזוּת

n.f. vision, conspicuousness (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 202})—abs. ח׳ Isaiah 21:2 Daniel 8:5, Daniel 8:8; cstr. חָזוּת Isaiah 29:11; sf. חָזוּתְכֶם Isaiah 28:18;—

vision, oracle of a prophet חָזוּת קָשָׁה הֻגַּד־לִי Isaiah 21:2 a hard vision is declared to me; וַתְּהִי לָכֶם חָזוּת הַכֹּל כְּדִבְרֵי הַסֵּפֶר הֶחָתוּם Isaiah 29:11 the vision (prophecy) of the whole is become to you as the words of a sealed writing; חָזוּתְכֶם אֶת־שְׁאוֹל לֹא תָקוּם Isaiah 28:18 your agreement with Sheol will not stand, so Thes MV De Che Di al. after Vrss, but Ew^{§ 156 e} renders oracle, and Siegf. Hellseherei, v. חֹזֶה 2.

conspicuousness in appearance: קֶרֶן הָזוּת a conspicuous horn Daniel 8:5 = the great horn v Daniel 8:8, Daniel 8:21; so חָזוּת אַרְבַּע Daniel 8:8, but < read אֲחֵרוֹת others, as 𝔊 Gr Bev.

חִזָּיוֹן

n.m. ^{II Samuel 7:17} vision (on format. cf. Lg^{BN 200})—abs. ח׳ II Samuel 7:17 Isaiah 22:1, Isaiah 22:5; cstr. חֶזְיוֹן Job 20:8; Job 33:15; sf. חֶזְיֹנוֹ Zechariah 13:4; pl. abs. חֶזְיֹנוֹת Job 7:14 Joel 3:1, cstr. id. Job 4:13;—

vision, in the ecstatic state ראה ח׳ Joel 3:1; גּי(א) ח׳ valley of vision Isaiah 22:1, Isaiah 22:5.

vision, in the night חֶזְיוֹנ(וֹת) לַיְלָה Job 4:13; Job 20:8; Job 33:15; ‖ חֲלֹמוֹת Job 7:14.

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy: ‖ דברים II Samuel 7:17 (= חזון I Chronicles 17:15); יֵבשׁוּ אִישׁ מֵחֶזְיֹנוֹ בְּהִנָּֽכְאֹתוֹ Zechariah 13:4 they will be ashamed, every one of his vision when he prophesieth.

חֶזְיוֹן

n.pr.m. (vision) ancestor of Benhadad king of Aramaic I Kings 15:18 (Klo proposes חֶזְרוֹן and comp. 𝔊 I Kings 11:23).

חֲזָהאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl sees; Assyrian Ḫazaʾilu COT^Gloss) king of Aramaic II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:13, II Kings 8:15, v II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6; contr. חֲזָאֵל I Kings 19:15, I Kings 19:17 II Kings 8:9, II Kings 8:12, v II Kings 8:28 = II Chronicles 22:5, II Kings 9:14, II Kings 9:15; II Kings 10:32; II Kings 12:18^(×2), II Kings 12:19; II Kings 13:3^(×2), II Kings 13:22, II Kings 13:24, II Kings 13:25; בֵּית חֲזָאֵל Amos 1:4.

חֲזָיָה

n.pr.m. (Yah hath seen) one of the chiefs of the בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 11:5.

חָזֶה

n.m. ^{Leviticus 7:31} breast of animals (Aramaic ܚܰܕܝܳܐ, חַדְיָא)—abs. ח׳ Exodus 29:26 + 4 times; cstr. חֲזֵה Exodus 29:27 + 5 times; pl. חָזוֹת Leviticus 9:20, Leviticus 9:21—breast, only P, and only of sacrificial animals; always as wave-offering; of ram of installation Exodus 29:26, Exodus 29:27 Leviticus 8:29, of peace-offering Leviticus 7:30, Leviticus 7:30; Leviticus 9:20, Leviticus 9:21, of Nazirite sacrif. Numbers 6:20; perquisite of Aaron and his sons Leviticus 7:31, Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:14, Leviticus 10:15, cf. Numbers 18:18.

חֲזוֹ

n.pr.m. son of Nahor Genesis 22:22, 𝔊 Αζαυ (cf. Assyrian n.pr.loc. Hazû, mentioned with Bazû (v. iii. בּוּז) by Esar. Dl^{Pa 307; ZK 1885, 93 f.} COT on Genesis 22:21; also Di).

חָזַק

vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܙܰܩ, חֲזַק bind on or about, gird on, cf. Arabic حَزَقَ bind, squeeze)—

Pf. ח׳ Genesis 41:57 + 4 times; חָזָק֑ II Chronicles 26:15; sf. חֲזָקוֹ II Chronicles 28:20, etc.; Impf. יֶחֱזַק II Chronicles 28:7 (Baer) + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱזַק Genesis 41:56 +; יֶחֶזְקוּ II Samuel 10:11 + 2 times; יֶחְזְקוּ Isaiah 28:22; Imv. חֲזַק Deuteronomy 12:23 +; חִזְקוּ Deuteronomy 31:6 +; Inf. cstr. לְחָזְקָה II Kings 12:13; sf. לְחָזְקָהּ Ezekiel 30:21; Pt. חָזֵק Exodus 19:19 II Samuel 3:1, etc.;—

intrans. be or grow strong:—

of physical strength of hands Judges 7:11 II Samuel 2:7; II Samuel 16:21 Ezekiel 22:14 Zechariah 8:9, Zechariah 8:13 (on Ezekiel 3:14 v. infr.); of arm, sq. inf. Ezekiel 30:21; used of recovery from illness Isaiah 39:1; sq. מִן compar. over-power I Samuel 17:50 (c. בְּ instr.), II Samuel 13:14.

of people, army Deuteronomy 11:8 Joshua 17:13 (JE), = Judges 1:28, Ezra 9:12; sq. מִן compar. be stronger than, too strong for, prevail against II Samuel 10:11^(×2) = I Chronicles 19:12^(×2) I Kings 20:23, I Kings 20:25; id., sq. acc. I Kings 16:22, cf. of י׳ as prevailing over man Jeremiah 20:7 (‖ יָכֹל); sq. על II Chronicles 8:3; II Chronicles 27:5.

of royal power וְדָוִד הֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק II Samuel 3:1 (opp. הֹלְכִים וְדַלִּים); cf. II Chronicles 26:15 (‖ חֶזְקָה v II Chronicles 26:16), Daniel 11:5.

prevail over, upon, of word of king II Samuel 24:4 (sq. אֶל־) = I Chronicles 21:4 (sq. עַל).

of bonds Isaiah 28:22.

of sound of trumpet הוֹלֵךְ וְחָזֵק מְאֹד Exodus 19:19 (E, cf. חָזָק v Exodus 19:16) it grew much louder and louder.

be firm, fast:—

lit. be caught fast, of Absalom’s head II Samuel 18:9 (sq. בְּ).

be firm, secure, of a kingdom II Kings 14:5 (+ בְּיָדוֹ) = II Chronicles 25:3 (+ עָלָיו). Oftener

be firm = courageous, confident, especially Imv., usually ‖ אמץ (q.v.), Deuteronomy 31:6, Deuteronomy 31:7, Deuteronomy 31:23 Joshua 1:6, Joshua 1:7, Joshua 1:9, Joshua 1:18; Joshua 10:25; Joshua 23:6 (all D), II Samuel 10:12; II Samuel 13:28 I Kings 2:2 I Chronicles 19:13 (‖ התחזק), I Chronicles 22:13; I Chronicles 28:10, I Chronicles 28:20 II Chronicles 15:7; II Chronicles 19:11; II Chronicles 32:7 Ezra 10:4 Psalms 27:14; Psalms 31:25 Isaiah 35:4; Isaiah 41:6 Haggai 2:4^(×3) Daniel 10:19^(×2); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה II Chronicles 25:8.

hold firmly to, devote oneself to, sq. בְּ II Chronicles 31:4.

sq. Inf. be firm not to eat blood, i.e. firmly refrain from it Deuteronomy 12:23, cf. I Chronicles 28:7.

press, be urgent, sq. עַל + Inf. Exodus 12:33 (E); sq. עַל of hand of י׳ in prophetic ecstasy Ezekiel 3:14 (𝔊 Co read חֲזָקָה, adj., v. חָזָק).

in bad sense:

grow stout, rigid, hard, with idea of perversity, of Pharaoh’s heart Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:22; Exodus 8:15 (all P), Exodus 9:35 (R); cf. חזקו עָלַי דבריכם Malachi 3:13.

be severe, grievous, of battle II Kings 3:26; of famine Genesis 41:56, Genesis 41:57 (E), Genesis 47:20 (J; sq. על), II Kings 25:3 = Jeremiah 52:6.

transit. only לֹא חֲזָקוֹ II Chronicles 28:20 strengthened him not, but text very dub. (‖ וַיָּצַר לוֹ).

Pf. חִזַּק Psalms 147:13 +, etc.; Impf. וַיְחַזֵּק Exodus 9:12 + 10 times, etc.; Imv. חַזֵּק Nehemiah 6:9 + 2 times; fs. חַזְּקִי Nahum 3:14; חַזֵּ֑קִי Isaiah 54:2 etc.; Inf. cstr. חַזֵּק II Kings 12:9 + 12 times; Pt. מְחַזֵּק Exodus 14:17; מְחַזְּקִים II Kings 12:9;—

make strong (physically):

sq. acc. pers. Judges 16:28; sq. על Judges 3:12; sq. מָתְנַיִם Nahum 2:2 (‖ אַמֵּץ כֹּחַ; of personif. people).

= restore to strength Daniel 10:18, Daniel 10:19; to health Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16; c. לְ give strength to I Chronicles 29:12; so, sq. זְרוֹעֹתָם, Hosea 7:15 Ezekiel 30:24 (and v Ezekiel 30:25 Co, v. Hiph.)

sq. acc. rei Isaiah 41:7 Jeremiah 10:4 (both c. בְּ instr.; of manufacture of idols); of strengthening tent-pegs, in metaph. Isaiah 54:4, cf. Isaiah 33:23; sq. bars of gates Psalms 147:13; often of making strong, fortifying a town, etc. Nahum 3:14 II Chronicles 11:11, II Chronicles 11:12; II Chronicles 26:9; II Chronicles 32:5; = repair (wall, obj. not expr.) Nehemiah 3:19 v. Hiph.; c. acc. of temple II Kings 12:6, II Kings 12:7, II Kings 12:15; II Kings 22:6 II Chronicles 24:5, II Chronicles 24:12; II Chronicles 29:3; II Chronicles 34:8, cf. v II Chronicles 34:10 (‖ לִבְדּוֹק); sq. לְבית י׳ I Chronicles 26:27; obj. breaches (acc.) II Kings 12:8, II Kings 12:9, II Kings 12:13; II Kings 22:5.

of establishing kingdom II Chronicles 11:17.

strengthen the hands (acc.) of any one, i.e. sustain, encourage (opp. רִפָּה) Judges 9:24 Jeremiah 23:14 Ezekiel 13:22 Isaiah 35:3 Job 4:3 Ezra 6:22 Nehemiah 2:18; Nehemiah 6:9 II Chronicles 29:34; וַיְח׳ ידו בֵּאלהים I Samuel 23:16; sq. בְּ Ezra 1:6 (+ בְּ instr.)

make strong = bold, encourage, c. acc. Deuteronomy 1:38; Deuteronomy 3:28 II Samuel 15:5 Isaiah 41:7; c. acc. pers. + לַעֲבֹדַת בֵּית י׳ II Chronicles 35:2.

make firm:—

c. II Chronicles 35:2 acc. וְאַבְנֵֽטְךָ אֲחַזְּקֶנּוּ Isaiah 22:21 and with thy sash (of office) will I make him firm, i.e. bind it firmly about him (‖ הלבישׁ).

make firm or fixed, = definitely adopt דָּבָר רָע יח׳־לָמוֹ Psalms 64:6.

make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden (the heart of any one) Exodus 4:21; Exodus 10:20, Exodus 10:27 (all E), Exodus 9:12; Exodus 11:10; Exodus 14:4, Exodus 14:8, Exodus 14:17 (all P), Joshua 11:20 (D); v. also ח׳ פניהם מִסֶּלַע Jeremiah 5:3†.

Pf. הֶחֱזִיק Judges 7:8 +; 3 fs. הֶחֱזִ֫יקָה Jeremiah 49:24 +; sf. הֶחֱזִקָ֑תְנִי Jeremiah 8:21; הֶחֱזַ֫קְתִּי Nehemiah 5:16 + 3 times; וְהַחֲזַקְתִּ֫י Ezekiel 30:25, etc.; Impf. יַחֲזִיק Job 8:15 + 2 times; 1 s. וְאַחְזֵק Isaiah 42:6; יַחֲזִיקוּ Jeremiah 6:23 + 2 times; יַחֲזִקוּ Daniel 11:32, etc.; Imv. הַחֲזֵק II Samuel 11:25 + 2 times, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַחֲזִיק II Kings 15:19 Isaiah 64:6; sf. הֶחֱזִיקִי Jeremiah 31:32 (הַח׳ Cod. Petrop. v. RS^{JPh. xvi, 1888, 73}); Pt. מַחֲזִיק Exodus 9:2 + 9 times; sf. מַחֲזִקָהּ Daniel 11:6; fs. מַחֲזֶקֶת Nehemiah 4:11; pl. מַחֲזִיקִים Nehemiah 4:10 + 5 times; cstr. מַחֲזִיקֵי Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27;—

make strong, strengthen Jeremiah 51:12.

make firm, the kingdom II Kings 15:19 (+ בְּיָדוֹ).

display strength (late) II Chronicles 26:8 (‖ וַיֵּלֶךְ שְׁמוֹ עַד וגו׳), Daniel 11:32 (‖ וְעָשׂוּ).

make severe, of battle II Samuel 11:25.

sq. יד = support Ezekiel 16:49; sq. זְרוֹעוֹת Ezekiel 30:25 (subj. י׳; but Co reads Pi. as v Ezekiel 30:24)†.

= repair, walls of Jerus., Nehemiah 3:4^(×3) + 31 times Nehemiah 3; cf. (in gen.) pt. used substant. מחזיקי בדקך Ezekiel 27:9, Ezekiel 27:27 of Tyre and her ships (‖ מַלָּחִים, etc.)

prevail, abs. Daniel 11:7; sq. עַל Job 18:9; prevail upon to הח׳ בּוֹ לֶאֱכֹל II Kings 4:8.

especially take or keep hold of, seize, grasp:

take hold of, seize, catch, sq. בְּ Genesis 19:4(J), Genesis 21:18(E), Exodus 4:4 (J; ‖ אחז), Judges 7:20 I Samuel 15:27 II Samuel 1:11 I Kings 1:50; I Kings 2:28 II Kings 2:12; II Kings 4:27 Isaiah 4:1 Zechariah 8:23^(×2) Proverbs 7:13; Proverbs 26:17, cf. also Judges 19:25, Judges 19:29 II Chronicles 28:15; with violence Deuteronomy 22:25; Deuteronomy 25:11 I Samuel 17:35 (perhaps pf. consec. freq., v. Dr), II Samuel 2:16; II Samuel 13:11; sq. לְ II Samuel 15:5; fig. take hold in order to lead one (subj. י׳) sq. בְּ Jeremiah 31:32, c. acc. Isaiah 41:9, Isaiah 41:13; cf. Isaiah 51:18 (בְּ; ‖נֵהֵל); sq. acc. Nahum 3:14 take hold of the brick-mould, Jeremiah 6:23 = Jeremiah 50:42, Zechariah 14:13 (with violence), Psalms 35:2 Nehemiah 4:10, Nehemiah 4:11, seize the kingdom Daniel 11:21; in metaph. Micah 4:9 (הֶחֱזִיקֵךְ חִיל), Jeremiah 6:24; Jeremiah 8:21; Jeremiah 49:24 (v. Gie), Jeremiah 50:43; of pious laying hold of י׳, sq. בְּ Isaiah 64:6, cf. Isaiah 27:5; Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:4, Isaiah 56:6; of other gods I Kings 9:9 = II Chronicles 7:22; laying hold of wisdom Proverbs 3:18, cf. Proverbs 4:13 Job 2:3, Job 2:9; Job 27:6 Jeremiah 8:5.

have or keep hold of, sq. בְּ Judges 16:26 II Samuel 3:29 Jeremiah 50:33 Nehemiah 4:15.

hold up, sq. בְּ, fig. = sustain, support Leviticus 25:35; of י׳ holding his servants Isaiah 42:6; Isaiah 45:1, cf. Job 8:20; v. also pt. used substantively Daniel 11:1 (‖ מָעוֹז), v Daniel 11:6 (‖ מֵבִיא, יֹלֵד); of Ne. holding fast to (בְּ) his work Nehemiah 5:16; cf. of wicked, holding to his house Job 8:15; cleave or cling to (על) one’s brethren Nehemiah 10:30. hence

keep, retain, sq. בְּ Exodus 9:2 (J), Judges 7:8; Judges 19:4; so Ezekiel 7:13 Sm Co (MT Hithp.); sq. anger (acc.) Micah 7:18.

hence also hold, contain, sq. acc. II Chronicles 4:5.

(especially Ch) Pf. הִתְחַזַּק II Chronicles 13:7 + 3 times, etc.; Impf. וַיִּתְחַזֵּק Genesis 48:2 + 7 times; וַיִּתְחַזַּק II Chronicles 21:4; II Chronicles 32:5; יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezekiel 7:13 (but Sm Co read Hiph.), etc.; Imv. הִתְחַזַּק I Kings 20:22; הִתְחַזְּקוּ I Samuel 4:9; Inf. cstr. לְהִתְחַזֵּק II Chronicles 13:8; II Chronicles 16:9; Pt. מִתְחַזֵּק II Samuel 3:6 Daniel 10:21; pl. מִתְחַזְּקִים I Chronicles 11:10;—

strengthen oneself II Samuel 3:6 I Kings 20:22 II Chronicles 1:1; II Chronicles 12:13; II Chronicles 13:21; II Chronicles 21:4; II Chronicles 23:1; II Chronicles 25:11; II Chronicles 27:6; sq. עַל against II Chronicles 17:1; gain strength Ezra 7:28 Daniel 10:19, cf. הִתְח׳ ביהוה I Samuel 30:6; fig. = take courage II Chronicles 15:8.

put forth strength, use one’s strength Genesis 48:2 (i.e. he exerted himself, he sat up by a great effort), Numbers 13:20 Judges 20:22 I Samuel 4:9 II Samuel 10:12 I Chronicles 19:13 II Chronicles 32:5.

sq. לִפְנֵי withstand II Chronicles 13:7, II Chronicles 13:8.

sq. עִם hold strongly with I Chronicles 11:10 Daniel 10:21, cf. of י׳, להתח׳ עִם לְבָבָם שָׁלֵם אֵלָיו II Chronicles 16:9.—For יִתְחַזָּ֑קוּ Ezekiel 7:13 read Hiph., v. Sm Co Da.

חָזָק

adj. strong, stout, mighty;—ח׳ Exodus 10:19 + 18 times; f. חֲזָקָה Exodus 3:19 + 31 times + Ezekiel 3:14 (Co for MT vb. 3 fs.); pl. חֲזָקִים Judges 18:25 + 2 times; cstr. חִזְקֵי Ezekiel 2:4 (del. Co v. infr.) Ezekiel 3:7;—

strong:

of men, rarely pred. Numbers 13:18 (opp. רָפֶה), v Numbers 13:31 (compar. c. מִן), Joshua 14:11; Joshua 17:18 (all JE), Judges 18:26 (compar. c. מִן); also of גֹּאֲלָם Jeremiah 50:34 Proverbs 23:11; of hand of י׳ Joshua 4:24 (D), so Ezekiel 3:14 𝔊 Co (v. supr. and חָזַק Qal 3); cf. of Tyre הָֽיְתָה חֲזָקָה בַּיָּם Ezekiel 26:17 (del. B Co).

usually attrib.; of arm of Pharaoh Ezekiel 30:22 (opp. נִשְׁבָּ֑רֶת); especially of hand of י׳ in delivering Isr. from Egypt, Exodus 3:19 (gloss? v. Di), Exodus 6:1^(×2); Exodus 13:9 (all J), Deuteronomy 6:21; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 9:26 Daniel 9:15; in wonders done by agency of Moses Deuteronomy 34:12; also בְּכֹחַ גָּדוֹל וּבְיָד חֲזָקָה Exodus 32:11 (JE), cf. Nehemiah 1:10, but oftener ביד חזקה וּבִזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה Deuteronomy 4:34; Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 7:19; Deuteronomy 11:2; Deuteronomy 26:8 Jeremiah 32:21 Psalms 136:12; of control of enemies and deliverance from exile Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; more gen. Deuteronomy 3:24 (‖ גָּדְלְךָ), I Kings 8:42 = II Chronicles 6:32; of י׳’s opposition to Zedekiah Jeremiah 21:5; once of Edom, opp. Isr. בעם כבד וביד חזקה Numbers 20:20 (JE).

of sword of י׳ Isaiah 27:1 (‖ הַקָּשָׁה וְהַגְּדוֹלָה), of wind Exodus 10:19 (J), I Kings 19:11; sound of trumpet (= loud) Exodus 19:16 (E).

severe, sharp, hot, of war I Samuel 14:52 (pred.), battle II Samuel 11:15, sickness I Kings 17:17 (pred.), famine I Kings 18:2.

firm, hard, of face, פנים Ezekiel 3:8, forehead, מֵצַח v Ezekiel 3:8; adamant, sim. of forehead v Ezekiel 3:9 (compar., c. מִן); of sky Job 37:18 (pred.) In pl. cstr. ח׳ לֵב Ezekiel 2:4 hard of heart (‖ קְשֵׁי פָנִים) but om. B Co, ח׳־מֵצַח Ezekiel 3:7 hard (= impudent) of forehead (‖ קְשֵׁי־לֵב).

as subst., a strong one, of י׳ (בְּחָזָק, as, in the character of, a strong one) Isaiah 40:10; of י׳’s agent Isaiah 28:2 (‖ אַמִּץ); v. also וְחָזָק לֹא יְאַמֵּץ כֹּחוֹ Amos 2:14; c. מִן comp. = one too strong for Jeremiah 31:11 Psalms 35:10. In Ezekiel 34:16 MT uses הח׳ in bad sense (‖ הַשְּׁמֵנָה), 𝔊 Co, with diff. text, in good sense. (v. VB).

חֵ֫זֶק

n.[m.] strength, only י׳ חִזְקִי Psalms 18:2 (om. by error ‖ II Samuel 22:2 where 𝔊L ἰσχύς μου). (De al. der. from חֹזֶק, but [חֶזְקָה] favours חֵזֶק).

חֹ֫זֶק

n.m. strength;—ח׳ cstr. Exodus 13:3 + 3 times; חָזְקֵנוּ Amos 6:13;—

of י׳, ח׳ יַד Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:14, Exodus 13:16 (all JE).

national strength Amos 6:13 Haggai 2:22.

חִזְקִיָּ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath strengthened, י׳ strengtheneth; = Assyrian Ḫazaḳi(i)au, Schr^COT on II Kings 18:1, Jäger^{BAS i, 469}; cf. n.pr. יחזק on seal Gann^{JAs 1883 Feb.–Mar., 134 No. 7};—on format. v. Lag^{BN 134})—

𝔊 Εζεκιας, son of Ahaz, King of Judah, seldom †חִזְקִיָּה II Kings 18:1, II Kings 18:10, II Kings 18:14^(×2), II Kings 18:15, II Kings 18:16^(×2), also אַנְשֵׁי ח׳ Proverbs 25:1 †; elsewhere in 2 K (except II Kings 20:10) חִזְקִיָּהוּ: II Kings 16:20; II Kings 18:9 + 34 times, II Kings 18-21 ‖ Isaiah 36:1 + 31 times, Isaiah 36-39; also †Jeremiah 26:18, Jeremiah 26:19 I Chronicles 3:13 II Chronicles 29:18, II Chronicles 29:27; II Chronicles 30:24; II Chronicles 32:15; in Ch usually יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ I Chronicles 4:41 II Chronicles 28:27 + 35 times II Chronicles 29-33; also II Kings 20:10 Jeremiah 15:4, and in title Isaiah 1:1; †יִחִזְקִיָּה Hosea 1:1 Micah 1:1 †(if י in these three be not textual error for וְ).

חִזְקִיָּה great-great-grandfather of proph. Zephaniah Zephaniah 1:1, 𝔊 τοῦ Εζεκιου, perhaps = 1.

𝔊 Εζεκια(ς), חִזְקִיָּה man of royal Davidic line I Chronicles 3:23 prob. near time of Chr.

יְחִזְקִיָּה, 𝔊 Εζεκια(ς), head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:16 = חִזְקִיָּה Nehemiah 7:20, cf. also ח׳ Nehemiah 10:18.

יְחִזְקִיָּהוּ 𝔊 Εζεκιας, an Ephraimite, Ahaz’s time II Chronicles 28:12.

חֲזִיר

n.m. ^{Psalms 80:14} swine, boar (NH id.; Aramaic חֲזִירָא, ܚܙܺܝܪܳܐ; Arabic خِنْزِيرٌ (Aramaic loan-wd. according to Frä ¹¹⁰, yet v. Lag^{BN 113}); Ethiopic ኀንዚር (only once; = wild boar), v. Hom^{NS 319 f. 358, 385})—always st. abs., 4 times c. art. הַח׳;—

swine, forbidden as food Leviticus 11:7 (P), Deuteronomy 14:8, cf. בְּשַׂר הַח׳ Isaiah 65:4; Isaiah 66:17, and דַּם־ח׳ Isaiah 66:3 as heathen offering (RS^{Sem i, 272.325.338.392}); with implication of repulsiveness נֶזֶם זָהָב בְּאַף ח׳ Proverbs 11:22 sim. of fair woman with dub. character.

wild boar ח׳ מִיָּ֑עַר Psalms 80:14 fig. of foes of Isr. (in fig. of vineyard).

חֵזִיר

n.pr.m. (cf. inscr. in RA ^{1867, pl. 7}, Dr^{Sm xxiii}; Nö^{ZMG 1886, 162} ‘pointing ֵto avoid offence;’ but Nbr^{Acad. 1887, Dec. 17} comp. Talm & 𝔗 (חַזּוּרָא, חֵיזוּר, חֲזוּרָא etc.) pomegranate (and apple; Syriac ܚܰܙܘܽܪ, ܚܰܙܘܽܪܳܐ), cf. בְּנֵי רִמּוֹן II Samuel 4:2, II Samuel 4:5, II Samuel 4:9)—

a priest of 17th course (assigned to David’s time) I Chronicles 24:15; 𝔊 Χηζειν (16th, v I Chronicles 24:14), but A Ιεζειρ, 𝔊L Χηζειρ.

one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:21; 𝔊 Ηζειρ, 𝔊L Αζηρ.

חַח²

v. sub חוח.

חָטָא

vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin (NH id.; Aramaic חֲטָא, ܚܛܳܐ; Assyrian ḫaṭû, Zim^{BP 46}; Sab. חֿטא, החֿטא, id., DHM in MV; Arabic خَطِىَٔ do wrong, commit a mistake or an error; ii. make to miss the mark; iv. miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic ኀጥአ fail to find or have; sometimes sin, especially in deriv.)—

Pf. ח׳ Exodus 32:31 + 29 times, 3 fs. חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15 Lamentations 1:8, חָטָ֑אָה Jeremiah 50:14 Ezekiel 16:15, חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., + 82 times Pf.; Impf. יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 + 12 times, תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:17 Psalms 4:5, etc. + 20 times Impf.; Inf. חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 + 8 times, מֵחֲטוֹא Psalms 39:2, מֵחֲטוֹ (textual error for מחטא) Genesis 20:6, בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28, חֲטֹאתוֹ Ezekiel 33:12 (del. Co); Pt. חוֹטֵא Proverbs 13:22 + 6 times, חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4 Ecclesiastes 9:2, חוֹטֶא Isaiah 65:20 + 2 times, חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, sf. חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, pl. חֹטִ֯אֿים I Samuel 14:33, sf. חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:20;—

miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24, אָץ בְּרַגְלַיִם חוֹטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal); חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom) is one wronging himself (opp. מֹצְאִי); miss, i.e. endanger, one’s life Proverbs 20:2 Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others sub 3 q.v.)

sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:

against man, abs. Exodus 5:16 (E), I Samuel 26:21 II Samuel 19:21 I Kings 18:9 II Kings 18:14; with לְ of the person against whom or towards whom one sins, Genesis 40:1 (E), Judges 11:27 I Samuel 2:25; I Samuel 19:4; I Samuel 24:12, I Kings 8:31 = II Chronicles 6:22; מה חטאתי לך wherein have I sinned against thee? Genesis 20:9 (E) Jeremiah 37:18; with בְּ, אל תחטאו בילד Genesis 42:22 (E) do not sin against the lad, against David I Samuel 19:4, I Samuel 19:5.

elsewhere always against God, abs. Exodus 20:17 (E), Exodus 9:34 (J) Joshua 7:11 (D) Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 5:11, Leviticus 5:17, Leviticus 5:21, Leviticus 5:23 Numbers 16:22 (P), Nehemiah 6:13 Job 1:5, Job 1:22; Job 7:20; Job 10:14; Job 24:19; Job 35:6 Psalms 4:5; Psalms 78:32 Isaiah 43:27; Isaiah 64:4 Jeremiah 2:35 Lamentations 5:7 Ezekiel 3:21^(×2); Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 28:16; Ezekiel 33:12 Hosea 8:11 (del. We ^{Kl. Proph.}), v Hosea 11:11 Hosea 10:9; Hosea 13:2; לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30; Pt. חֹטֵא, used as adj., sinful nation Isaiah 1:4, sinful person Ezekiel 18:4, Ezekiel 18:20; but usually as noun, sinner Proverbs 11:31; Proverbs 13:22; Proverbs 14:21 Ecclesiastes 2:26; Ecclesiastes 7:26; Ecclesiastes 8:12; Ecclesiastes 9:2, Ecclesiastes 9:18 Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed: חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40; Numbers 21:7 (E) Judges 10:15 I Samuel 12:10, I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Nehemiah 1:6 Psalms 106:6 Lamentations 5:16 Daniel 9:5, Daniel 9:15; חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27 Numbers 22:34 (J) I Samuel 15:24, I Samuel 15:30 II Samuel 24:10, II Samuel 24:17 I Chronicles 21:8, I Chronicles 21:17 Job 33:27. Sin is universal: אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not I Kings 8:46 = II Chronicles 6:36, כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with לְ, against God Genesis 20:6 (E), Genesis 39:9 (J), Exodus 32:33 Numbers 32:33 (both JE), Deuteronomy 9:16; Deuteronomy 20:18 I Samuel 2:25; I Samuel 12:23; I Samuel 14:33, I Samuel 14:34, I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:35, I Kings 8:46, I Kings 8:50 = II Chronicles 6:24, II Chronicles 6:26, II Chronicles 6:36, II Chronicles 6:39, II Kings 17:7 Hosea 4:7 Micah 7:9 Zephaniah 1:17 Jeremiah 40:3; Jeremiah 44:23; Jeremiah 50:7, Jeremiah 50:14 Ezekiel 14:13 Isaiah 42:24 Job 8:4 Psalms 78:17; Psalms 119:11 Nehemiah 1:6; in confession חטאתי ל Exodus 10:16 Joshua 7:20 (J), II Samuel 12:13 Psalms 41:5; Psalms 51:6; חטאנו ל Deuteronomy 1:41 Judges 10:10 I Samuel 7:6 Jeremiah 3:25; Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 14:7, Jeremiah 14:20 Daniel 9:8, Daniel 9:11; with בְּ of instr., lips Job 2:10, tongue Psalms 39:2; wherein Ezekiel 37:23 Leviticus 4:23 (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of בְּ in phrase עונם אשׁר ח׳ לי (their) iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8^(×2); בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27; Leviticus 5:15 Numbers 15:27, Numbers 15:28 (all P); against thy judgments Nehemiah 9:29; with עַל, with regard to Leviticus 5:5 Numbers 6:11 (P) Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate acc. ח׳ חֲטָאָה Exodus 32:30, Exodus 32:31 (JE); חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Numbers 12:11 (J) Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28^(×2), Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10, Leviticus 5:13 (all P) Leviticus 19:22^(×2) (H), Deuteronomy 9:18 I Kings 14:16, I Kings 14:22; I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:13, I Kings 16:19 II Kings 21:17 Ezekiel 18:24; Ezekiel 33:16; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ ל Jeremiah 16:10 Nehemiah 1:6; חטאת אשׁר ח׳ על Leviticus 4:14 (P); חֵטְא ח׳ Lamentations 1:8; חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Deuteronomy 19:15.

incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, cf. Genesis 44:32 (J); c. acc. חוֹטֵא נפשׁ for feiting one-self, one’s life Proverbs 20:2 Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet v. sub 1.—והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:7, he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin; קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:11; את אשׁר ח׳ מן־הקדשׁ ישׁלּם v Leviticus 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.

Pf. חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; sf. חִטְּאוֹ Numbers 19:19, חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 + 2 times; 3 pl. חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22^(×2); Impf. וַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; sf. וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ Leviticus 9:15, תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalms 51:9, אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39, וַיְחַטְּאוּ II Chronicles 29:24; Inf. חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49 Ezekiel 43:23; Pt. הַמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19;—

bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; lit. I counted it missing? poss. read אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it?).

make a sin-offering: c. sf. referring to שׂעיר Leviticus 9:15 (P); to sin-offering Leviticus 6:19 (P); על המזבח upon the altar Exodus 29:36 (P; not cleanse the altar RV); ח׳ את דמם המזבחה II Chronicles 29:24 made a sin-offering with their blood on the altar.

purify from sin: the altar, by putting the blood of the sin-offering on its horns, Leviticus 8:15 (P), Ezekiel 43:20, Ezekiel 43:22^(×2), Ezekiel 43:23; the sanctuary, by applying to it the blood of the sin-offering Ezekiel 45:18.

purify from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird Leviticus 14:49, Leviticus 14:52 (P); a person, by application of the mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer Numbers 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop sprig Psalms 51:9.

Pf. הֶחֱטִיא I Kings 14:16 + 17 times, הֶחֶטִי֯ (Kt error for החטִיא) II Kings 13:6; sf. הֶחֱטִיאָם II Kings 17:21; pl. הֶחֱטִיאוּ I Kings 16:13 Nehemiah 13:26; Impf. יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 II Kings 21:11; תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4; וַתַּחֲטִא I Kings 16:2; I Kings 21:22; pl. יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33; Inf. הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5 I Kings 16:19 Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr), הַחֲ֯טִי Jeremiah 32:35 (Kt error); Pt. pl. cstr. מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21;—

miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל־הַשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.

induce or cause to sin: with acc. Exodus 23:33 (JE), Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase החטיא את ישׂראל (he) caused Israel to sin I Kings 14:16; I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:30, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:2, I Kings 16:13, I Kings 16:19, I Kings 16:26; I Kings 21:22; I Kings 22:53; II Kings 3:3; II Kings 10:29, II Kings 10:31; II Kings 13:2, II Kings 13:6, II Kings 13:11; II Kings 14:24; II Kings 15:9, II Kings 15:18, II Kings 15:24, II Kings 15:28; II Kings 23:15; c. sf. ref. to Isr. II Kings 17:21; את יהודה II Kings 21:11, II Kings 21:16 Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes c. 2nd acc.—חטאת, or אשׁר ref. to חטאת:—I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:26 II Kings 17:21; II Kings 21:16; prob. also I Kings 14:16; I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:13; no 2nd acc. I Kings 16:2, I Kings 16:19; I Kings 21:22; I Kings 22:53 II Kings 21:11; II Kings 23:15 Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).

bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation; לא תחטיא את הארץ Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt; אל תתן את־פיך לחטיא את־בשׂרך Ecclesiastes 5:5 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.

Impf. יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 + 4 times, יִתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 8:21, יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17, תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19, תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Numbers 31:20;—

miss oneself, lose oneself, fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself, מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (‖ יגורו are afraid).

purify oneself from uncleanness, only in P:

Levites Numbers 8:21.

those in contact with the dead Numbers 19:12, Numbers 19:13, Numbers 19:20; Numbers 31:19, Numbers 31:20; with בְּ, בְּמֵי נִדָּה Numbers 31:23; by a mixture of ashes of the red heifer with fresh water Numbers 19:12.

חֵטְא

n.m. ^{Deuteronomy 15:9} sin (on format. v. Lag^{BN 142})—ח׳ Leviticus 19:17 + 15 times; sf. חֶטְאוֹ Leviticus 24:15 + 5 times, חֲטָאָו֯ Lamentations 3:39, חֶטְאָם Leviticus 20:20; pl. חֲטָאִים Ecclesiastes 10:4; cstr. חֲטָאֵי II Kings 10:29 Ezekiel 23:49; sf. חֲטָאַי Genesis 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Isaiah 38:17 Psalms 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Daniel 9:16 Psalms 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Isaiah 1:18;—

sin:

against man Genesis 41:9 (E) Ecclesiastes 10:4.

elsewhere ag. God, abs. Isaiah 31:7 Hosea 12:9; ח׳ חָטָא Lamentations 1:8 cf. Deuteronomy 19:15 II Kings 10:29; ח׳ משׁפט מות sin worthy of death Deuteronomy 21:22 = ח׳ מות Deuteronomy 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Daniel 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins Psalms 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Isaiah 38:17.

guilt of sin: היה חטא ב sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Deuteronomy 15:9; Deuteronomy 23:22, Deuteronomy 23:23; Deuteronomy 24:15; בחטאו מת in his sin (guilt) die Numbers 27:3 (P); אישׁ בחטאו each for his own sin Deuteronomy 24:16 + II Kings 14:16 + II Chronicles 25:4; בחטא יחמתני אמי Psalms 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; אם חטאיכם כשׁנים Isaiah 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet(in guilt); לא כחטאינו עשׂה לנו Psalms 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us.

punishment for sin: נשׂא ח׳ bear sin (its punishment) Leviticus 20:20; Leviticus 24:15 (H), Numbers 9:13; Numbers 18:22 (P); with עַל, bear sin because of Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 22:9 (H) Numbers 18:32 (P); bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Ezekiel 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Isaiah 53:12; without נשׂא, only Lamentations 3:39 גבר על חטאו (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin?

חַטָּאָה

n.f. sinful thing, sin, Exodus 34:7 (JE) Isaiah 5:18.

חֲטָאָה

n.f. sin, sin-offering (?)—

sin, chiefly in the phrase ח׳ גְדֹלָה great sin Genesis 20:9 (E) Exodus 32:21, Exodus 32:30, Exodus 32:31 (JE), II Kings 17:21; כְּסוּי ח׳ Psalms 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked becomes sin when he is judged Psalms 109:7.

sin-offering (according to most) עולה וחטאה Psalms 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so Vrss Thes MV SS al., but < whole burnt-offering with sin v. Br^{MP 329}).

חַטָּאת

n.f. ^{I Samuel 14:38} (Genesis 4:7 no exception for רֹבֵץ is noun = crouching beast) sin, sin-offering, ח׳ Genesis 4:7 + 124 times; לְחַטָּ֯ת Numbers 15:24 (textual error for לחטאת), לְחַטַּאת Zechariah 13:1 (but read לְחַטָּאת Sta^{ZAW i. 35}); cstr. חַטַּאת Exodus 30:10 + 19 times; sf. חַטָּאתִי Genesis 31:36 + 16 times; חַטָּאתֹיו֯ I Kings 16:26, חַטַּאתְכֶם Exodus 32:30 + 3 times, etc., + 52 times sf.; pl. חַטָּאוֹת II Kings 12:17 + 3 times; cstr. חַטֹּאות Psalms 25:7 + 17 times; חַטֹּאת Numbers 5:6 + 6 times; sf. חַטֹּאותָ֑י Psalms 25:18; חַטֹּאתָו֯ Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 33:16, etc., + 40 times sf.;—

sin:

against man Genesis 31:36; Genesis 50:17 (E), Numbers 12:11 (J) I Samuel 20:1; ח׳ אדם sins against man Numbers 5:6 (P). Elsewhere

against God Leviticus 4:14, Leviticus 4:23, Leviticus 4:28 (P), I Samuel 2:17; I Samuel 14:38 I Kings 16:13^(×2) II Kings 21:16, II Kings 21:17 II Chronicles 33:19 Isaiah 3:9; Isaiah 30:1; Isaiah 58:1; Isaiah 59:2, Isaiah 59:12 Jeremiah 5:25; Jeremiah 16:10, Jeremiah 16:18; Jeremiah 30:14, Jeremiah 30:15; Jeremiah 50:20 Lamentations 4:6, Lamentations 4:22 Ezekiel 16:51; Ezekiel 18:14; Ezekiel 21:29; Ezekiel 33:10, Ezekiel 33:16 Amos 5:12 (We ^{Kl. Proph.} reads חטאיכם, as s 1:18—v. חֵטא—on acc. of masc. עצומים), Micah 1:13; Micah 3:8 Psalms 32:5; Psalms 51:5; Psalms 59:4 Proverbs 5:22; Proverbs 13:6; Proverbs 14:34; Proverbs 21:4; Proverbs 24:9 Job 13:23^(×2) Daniel 9:20^(×2) ח׳ נעורי sins of my youth Psalms 25:7; פרי בטני ח׳ נפשׁי Micah 6:7 fruit of my body (my child as an offering) for the sin of myself; sin of divination I Samuel 15:23; of the mouth Psalms 59:13; ח׳ עמי יאכלו Hosea 4:8 the sin of my people they eat (gain their daily food by means of it, cf. We; 𝔗 Hi Or al. sin-offering, but this not elsewhere in early proph., and ‖ עָוֹן against it, v. We^{Prol. 3. 76}); לפתח חטאת רבץ Genesis 4:7 (J) at the door (of Cain) sin is a crouching beast; sin of the people is embodied in the golden calf Deuteronomy 9:21; and the high places of Beth Aven Hosea 10:8; c. בְּ on the ground of sin Nehemiah 9:37; for sin Micah 1:5 II Kings 24:3 Isaiah 40:2 Jeremiah 15:13; Jeremiah 17:3 Ezekiel 16:52; with or by sin I Kings 14:22; I Kings 16:2 Isaiah 43:24; הלך בח׳ walk in sin I Kings 15:3, I Kings 15:26, I Kings 15:34; I Kings 16:19, I Kings 16:26, I Kings 16:31 II Kings 17:22; דבק בח׳ cleave unto sin II Kings 3:3; c. עַל, on account of sin Deuteronomy 9:18 I Kings 15:30; I Kings 16:19 Micah 6:13; for sin Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:28, Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:13 (P) Leviticus 19:22; Leviticus 26:18, Leviticus 26:24, Leviticus 26:28 (H); יסף על ח׳ add unto sin I Samuel 12:19 II Chronicles 28:13 Isaiah 30:1 Job 34:37; c. כְּ according to sin Leviticus 26:21; c. לְ to or for sin Leviticus 16:16, Leviticus 16:21 Deuteronomy 19:15 I Kings 12:30; I Kings 13:34 Proverbs 10:16 Zechariah 13:1; c. מִן because of sin Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 16:34 (P), Leviticus 19:22 (H), Lamentations 4:13; more than sin Job 35:3; טָהַרְתִּי מֵחַטָּאתִי I am clean from my sin Proverbs 20:9; מפני ח׳ because of sin Psalms 38:4; בגלל ח׳ because of sin I Kings 14:16; הלך אחר ח׳ walk after sin II Kings 13:2.

men should return from sin שׁוּב מִן I Kings 8:35 = II Chronicles 6:26, Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 33:14; depart from it סוּר מֵעַל II Kings 10:31; II Kings 15:18; סוּר מן II Kings 13:6, II Kings 13:11; II Kings 14:24; II Kings 15:9, II Kings 15:24, II Kings 15:28; be concerned about דאג מן Psalms 38:19; confess הִתְוַדָּה ח׳ Numbers 5:7 (P); התודה על ח׳ Nehemiah 1:6; Nehemiah 9:2.

God deals with sin: (1) he visits punishment upon it (על) פקד Exodus 32:34 (JE) Hosea 8:13; Hosea 9:9 Jeremiah 14:10; inquires after it דרשׁ ל Job 10:6; watches over it שׁמר על Job 14:16; hoards it up Hosea 13:12; (2) by forgiveness: נשׂא ח׳ Exodus 10:17; Exodus 32:32 (JE), I Samuel 15:25; נשׂא עון ח׳ Psalms 32:5; נשׂא לח׳ Joshua 24:19 (E), Psalms 25:18; pardon סלח לח׳ Exodus 34:9 (JE) I Kings 8:34, I Kings 8:36 II Chronicles 6:25, II Chronicles 6:27; II Chronicles 7:14 Jeremiah 36:3; removal הסר Isaiah 27:9; העביר II Samuel 12:13; casting into the depths of the sea Micah 7:19; (3) by covering over, making atonement for חַטָּֽאתְךָ תְּכֻפָּ֑ר Isaiah 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over; actively, כפּר עַל ח׳ Psalms 79:9; כסּה ח׳ Psalms 85:3 (cf. כְּסוּי חֲטָאָה Psalms 32:1); לְהָתֵם ח׳ (Qr) make an end of sins Daniel 9:24; (4) by blotting out מחה ח׳ Isaiah 44:22 Jeremiah 18:23 Psalms 109:14 Nehemiah 3:37; cleanse from sin טַהֲרֵנִי מח׳ Psalms 51:4; מקוֹר לח׳ a fountain for sin Zechariah 13:1; (5) by not remembering it לא זכר ח׳ Isaiah 43:25; לח׳ לא זכר Jeremiah 31:34; אַל־תֵּפֶן אֶל־חַטָּאתוֹ Deuteronomy 9:27 look not unto his sin.

atonement may be secured for, כפּר בעד ח׳ Exodus 32:30 (JE; Moses, by his intercession).

according to P (H) the priest is to make atonement for a person (כפּר על) by sin-offering or trespass-offering, מח׳ because of sin Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6, Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 16:34; על ח׳ Leviticus 4:35; Leviticus 5:13 (all P), Leviticus 19:22 (H; v. We^{Comp, 59 = JBTh xxii, 427}), so that the man is clean from sin טהר מח׳ Leviticus 16:30.

condition of sin, guilt of sin Genesis 18:20 Numbers 16:26; Numbers 32:23 (J), Ezekiel 3:20; Ezekiel 18:24, ח׳ יְהוּדָה חֲרוּשָׁה עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם וּלְקַרְנוֹת מִזְבְּחוֹתֵיכֶם the sin (guilt) of Judah is graven upon the table of their heart, and upon the horns of your altars Jeremiah 17:1.

punishment for sin: זֹאת תִּהְיֶה ח׳ מִצְרָ֑יִם וח׳ כָל־הַגּוֹיִם Zechariah 14:19 this will be the punishment for sin of Egypt and the punishment for sin of all nations (the plague with which Yahweh will smite them).

sin-offering: one of the kinds of offering of P, Leviticus 7:37; first in the history II Kings 12:17 (reign of Jehoash), where חטּאת of money given to priests; elsewhere only in Chr.; II Chronicles 29:21, II Chronicles 29:23, II Chronicles 29:24 Hezekiah had made a ח׳ of 7 צְפִירֵי עִזִּים at purification of temple; Ezra 8:35; Ezra 8:12 צְפִירֵי ח׳ were offered; Nehemiah 10:34 ח׳ ‖ עולות;—in these no evidence of special ritual. Sin-offering elsewhere only in codes of H Ez and P.—On Hosea 4:8 v. 1 supr. In H, Leviticus 23:19 a שׂעיר עזים, for feast of weeks. In Ez ח׳ in gen. ‖ other sacrifices, Ezekiel 40:39; Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:25; Ezekiel 46:20; and priests eat them Ezekiel 42:13; Ezekiel 44:29. At dedication of altar, the blood of a young bullock was to be applied to horns of altar, the corners of its settle and its border, the bullock itself burnt without the sanctuary; for each of the 7 days following a שׂעיר עזים was to be offered Ezekiel 43:19, Ezekiel 43:21, Ezekiel 43:22, Ezekiel 43:25. On first day of first month a young bullock was to be offered to cleanse the sanctuary: its blood upt on the door posts of the house and of the gate of the inner court and on the four corners of the settle of the altar; also on the seventh day (𝔊 first day of seventh month) Ezekiel 45:17, Ezekiel 45:19 (cf. v Ezekiel 45:18, Ezekiel 45:20). On 14th day of first month the prince was to offer a bullock for himself and the people and on each of the 7 days of the Passover week a שׂעיר עזים Ezekiel 45:22, Ezekiel 45:23. When a priest entered the sanctuary to minister after his cleansing he was to offer his sin-offering Ezekiel 44:27. P gives several grades:

a ruler should offer a he-goat Leviticus 4:24, Leviticus 4:25 Numbers 7:16, Numbers 7:22, Numbers 7:28, Numbers 7:34, Numbers 7:40, Numbers 7:46, Numbers 7:52, Numbers 7:58, Numbers 7:64, Numbers 7:70, Numbers 7:76, Numbers 7:82, Numbers 7:87; an ordinary person a she-goat Leviticus 4:29 (cf. v Leviticus 4:28) Leviticus 5:6 Numbers 15:27, ewe lamb Leviticus 4:32, Leviticus 4:33^(×2), Leviticus 4:34; Leviticus 14:19 Numbers 6:14, Numbers 6:16, a turtle dove or young pigeon Leviticus 5:7, Leviticus 5:8, Leviticus 5:9^(×2); Leviticus 12:6, Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:22, Leviticus 14:31; Leviticus 15:15, Leviticus 15:30 Numbers 6:11, or one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour Leviticus 5:11^(×2), Leviticus 5:12; according to ability of the person, and nature of offence. The victim was brought unto the tent of meeting, the hands of the offerer laid on its head, it was slaughtered by the offerer, the priest took some of the blood and put it on horns of altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the blood he poured out at the base of it, to cover over the sin, or cleanse the altar from the sin defiling it. All the fat pieces (cf. Leviticus 4:22-35) and a handful of the flour (cf. Leviticus 5:12) were burned on altar. The rest of the flesh and the flour were eaten by priests in court of Holy place Leviticus 5:13; Leviticus 6:10, Leviticus 6:18^(×2), Leviticus 6:23 (cf. v Leviticus 6:11, Leviticus 6:19), Leviticus 7:7; Leviticus 10:16, Leviticus 10:17, Leviticus 10:19^(×2); Leviticus 14:13 Numbers 18:9.

a bullock was offered for priests Exodus 29:14, Exodus 29:36 Leviticus 4:3, Leviticus 4:8, Leviticus 4:20; Leviticus 8:2, Leviticus 8:14⁽×2⁾; Leviticus 9:2, Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:8, Leviticus 9:10; for Levites at their installation Numbers 8:3, Numbers 8:12 and for whole congregation Leviticus 4:14, Leviticus 4:21; but usually offering for congregation was he-goat Numbers 15:24, Numbers 15:25, especially at dedication of altar Leviticus 9:3, Leviticus 9:15, Leviticus 9:22, and in ritual of feasts Numbers 28:15, Numbers 28:22, Numbers 28:30; Numbers 29:5, Numbers 29:11, Numbers 29:16, Numbers 29:19, Numbers 29:22, Numbers 29:25, Numbers 29:28, Numbers 29:31, Numbers 29:34, Numbers 29:38. Before consecr. of tabernacle the blood went to altar of burnt-offering (Leviticus 9:9), but subsequ. some of it was sprinkled seven times before the vail and some of it put on horns of altar of incense to cleanse this higher altar; the fat pieces were burned on altar of burnt-offering, and the rest of the victim burned without the camp (Leviticus 4:3-21; Leviticus 6:23; Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:17; Leviticus 9:10, Leviticus 9:11).

on day of atonement, sin-offering for high priest was a bullock Leviticus 16:3, Leviticus 16:6; and for congregation two he-goats, one לַעֲזָאזֵל (v. עזאזל) Leviticus 16:5 (cf. v Leviticus 16:8, Leviticus 16:10, Leviticus 16:20-22), the other for sacrifice ליהוה Leviticus 16:9 (cf. v Leviticus 19:8). Some of the blood of Aaron’s bullock was first taken into innermost sanctuary and sprinkled on the כפרת and seven times before it; so also blood of the he-goat Leviticus 16:11^(×2), Leviticus 16:15 (cf. v Leviticus 16:12-14, Leviticus 16:16, Leviticus 16:17) to cleanse highest altar: then the blood of the two victims was applied to lower altars as in a and b and so sin was covered over at the three altars Exodus 30:10 (cf. Leviticus 16:16-19). The fat pieces went to altar of burnt-offering and the rest of the victims was burnt without the camp Leviticus 16:25, Leviticus 16:27^(×2). (Sins which might be covered over were limited to those committed בשׁגגה Leviticus 4:2, Leviticus 4:22, Leviticus 4:27 Numbers 15:27, לשׁגגה Numbers 15:24, minor offences Leviticus 5:1-6; and ceremonial uncleanness Leviticus 12:6, Leviticus 12:8; Leviticus 14:13; Leviticus 15:15 Numbers 6:11, Numbers 6:14.)—Phrases for sacrificing are: עשׂה ח׳ Leviticus 9:7, Leviticus 9:22 Leviticus 14:19 Numbers 6:16 Ezekiel 45:17, הקריב ח׳ Leviticus 10:19 Ezekiel 44:27, שׁחט ח׳ Leviticus 14:13 Ezekiel 40:39.

purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness, all P: מֵי ח׳ Numbers 8:7 water of purification from sin; מֵי נִדָּה ח׳ הוּא water of (cleansing from) impurity, it is a purification from sin Numbers 19:9; עֲפַר שְׂרֵפַת הח׳ Numbers 19:17 ashes of the burning of the purification from sin (RV renders sin-offering; but there was no offering made, only water of purification was used).

חֲטֻבוֹת

n.f.pl. dark-hued stuffs, only in חֲטֻבֿוֹת אֵטוּן מִצְרַיִם Proverbs 7:16 dark-hued stuffs (of) yarn of Egypt (‖ מַרְבַֿדִּים), v. De Now; מְחֻטָּבוֹת Psalms 144:12 der. from this √ by De (q.v., and Wetzt.’s n.), but v. I. חטב.

חִטָּה

wheat, v. sub חנט.

חֲטִיטָא

n.pr.m. head of a Levit. family, returned exiles Ezra 2:42 𝔊 Ατητα, = Nehemiah 7:44 𝔊 Ατειτα, in both A Ατιτα, 𝔊L Αζιζα.

חַטִּיל

n.pr.m. head of a family of ‘the children of Sol.’s servants’ Ezra 2:57 𝔊 Αττεια, A Αττιλ = Nehemiah 7:58 𝔊 Εγηλ, A Εττηλ, 𝔊L Αττιλ in both.

חֲטִיפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim, post-exil., Ezra 2:54 𝔊 Ατουφα, A Ατιφα = Nehemiah 7:55 𝔊 Ατειφα; 𝔊L both Ατουφα.

חֹ֫טֶר

n.m. branch or twig, rod—metaph. abs. ח׳ branch, twig, Isaiah 11:1 ויצא ח׳ מִגֶּזַע יִשָׁ֑י (‖ נֵצֶר); cstr. rod, בְּפִי־אֱוִיל חֹטֶר גַּאֲוָ֑ה Proverbs 14:3.

חַטּוּשׁ

n.pr.m.

man of Davidic line, post-exil., I Chronicles 3:22 𝔊 Χαττους 𝔊L Ατους, Ezra 8:2 𝔊 Τους, A𝔊L Αττους.

a builder at the wall of Jerus. Nehemiah 3:10, 𝔊 Ατουθ, 𝔊L Αττους.

head of a priestly house, post-exil., Nehemiah 10:5 𝔊 Τους, 𝔊L Αττους, Nehemiah 12:2 𝔊L Αττους (B om.); relation to 2 dubious.cf. Nab. חטישו, Cooke ²⁴⁵.

חַי

v. sub חיה infr.

חִידָה²

v. sub חוד.

חָיָה

vb. live (NH Ph. id.; Arabic حَىَّ, حَيِىَ; Sab. חיו Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 28}; Ethiopic ሐይወ Aramaic ܚܝܳܐ, חֲיָא; Palm. חיי life, life-time, Vog ^{32, 74})—

Pf. חָיָה Ecclesiastes 6:6 + 4 times; יְ֯חָיָה Jeremiah 21:9; Jeremiah 38:2; חַי Genesis 5:5 + 23 times (this and the following form are treated as ע״ע, the original weakness of the stem final י admitting of either ל״ה or ע״ע, Ges^{§ 761}); וְחֵי Leviticus 25:36 (Bö^{§ 1181}); 3 fs. חָֽיְתָה Genesis 12:13 Jeremiah 38:17; וָחָ֑יָה Exodus 1:16 (for חַיָּה Bö^{§ 1123 (3)}, Sam. חיתה); 2 ms. חָיִיתָ Deuteronomy 30:16, חָיִתָה Jeremiah 38:17; 3 m. pl. תָיוּ Numbers 14:38, וְחָיוּ consec. Numbers 4:19 + Zechariah 10:9 (where read Pi. וְתִיּוּ Sta^{ZAW i, 1881, 22} so 𝔊), וִחְיִיתֶם Ezekiel 37:5 + 2 times; Impf. יִחְיֶה Genesis 17:18 + 27 times; יְחִי Deuteronomy 33:6 + 10 times; וִיתִי Psalms 49:10 + 2 times; וְיֶ֑חִי Isaiah 38:21, וַיְחִי Genesis 5:3 + 37 times; וַיֶּ֑חִי Deuteronomy 4:33 + 4 times; 3 fs. תִּחְיַה Joshua 6:17, תְּחִי Genesis 19:20 + 5 times; 2 ms. תִּחְיֶה Genesis 27:40 + 7 times; 2 fs. תִּחְיִי II Kings 4:7; 1 s. אֶחְיֶה II Kings 1:2 + 8 times; 3 mpl. יִחְיוּ Joshua 9:21 + 8 times; 3 fpl. תִּחְיֶינָה Ezekiel 13:19; Ezekiel 37:3; 2 mpl. תִּחְיוּ Deuteronomy 4:1 + 2 times; תִּחְיוּן Deuteronomy 5:27; Deuteronomy 8:1; 1 pl. נִחְיֶה II Kings 7:4 + 7 times; Imv. וֶחְיֵה Genesis 20:7 Proverbs 4:4, וֶחְיֶ֯ה Proverbs 7:2; fs. חֲיִי Ezekiel 16:6^(×2); mpl. וִחְיוּ Genesis 42:18 + 7 times; Inf. abs. חָיֹה II Kings 8:10 + 6 times; חָיוֹ Ezekiel 3:21 + 3 times; cstr. לִחְיוֹת Ezekiel 33:12, sf. חֲיוֹתָם Joshua 5:8;—

live:

have life, Genesis 31:32(E), Exodus 33:20(J), Numbers 4:19 (P), Deuteronomy 30:16 +; also in phrase וַיְחִי and he lived (so many years) with acc. of time, Genesis 5:3-30 (16 times) Genesis 9:28; Genesis 11:11-26 (14 times) Genesis 47:28 (all P), Genesis 50:22 (E), II Kings 14:17 = II Chronicles 25:25 Job 42:16.

continue in life, remain alive Genesis 20:7 (E), Leviticus 25:36 II Samuel 12:22 +; also †ח׳ נפשׁ live, of the soul or the self Genesis 12:13; Genesis 19:20 (J), I Kings 20:32 Psalms 119:175 Jeremiah 38:2, Jeremiah 38:17, Jeremiah 38:20 Isaiah 55:3; וְחַי הַיָּ֑לֶד and the boy may live II Samuel 12:22; †ח׳ לִפְנֵי live in the presence of Genesis 17:18 (P) Hosea 6:2; †ח׳ ב׳ live among Lamentations 4:20.

sustain life, live on or upon (על), of the animal life, by the sword Genesis 27:40 (J), by bread Deuteronomy 8:3; elsewhere in pregnant sense of fulness of life in divine favour, sustained by (על) everything that issueth out of the mouth of י׳ Deuteronomy 8:3; his promises (?) Isaiah 38:16; of wicked man, by repentance Ezekiel 33:19; c. בְּ by the statutes and judgments of י׳ if a man do them, Leviticus 18:5 (H) Ezekiel 20:11, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:21, Ezekiel 20:25 Nehemiah 9:29; צַדִּיק בֶּאֱמוּנָתוֹ יִחְיֶה a righteous man by his faithfulness shall live Habakkuk 2:4.

live(prosperously) יְחִי הַמֶּלֶך may the king live I Samuel 10:24 II Samuel 16:16^(×2) I Kings 1:25, I Kings 1:31, I Kings 1:34, I Kings 1:39 II Kings 11:12 II Chronicles 23:11; יְחִי לְבַבְכֶם Psalms 22:27; Psalms 69:33; המלך לעולם יחיה Nehemiah 2:3.

be quickened, revive:

from sickness Numbers 21:8, Numbers 21:9 Joshua 5:8 (E) II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:9, II Kings 8:10, II Kings 8:14; II Kings 20:1, II Kings 20:7 = Isaiah 38:1, Isaiah 38:9, Isaiah 38:21.

from discouragement of the spirit Genesis 45:27 (E).

from faintness Judges 15:19.

from death II Kings 13:21 Job 14:14 Isaiah 26:14, Isaiah 26:19; by return of נפשׁ I Kings 17:22, of רוּחַ Ezekiel 37:3, Ezekiel 37:5, Ezekiel 37:6, Ezekiel 37:9, Ezekiel 37:10, Ezekiel 37:14 (and so Judges 15:19 c).

Pf. 3 ms. חִיָּה Psalms 22:30; 3 fs. sf. חִיָּ֑תְנִי Psalms 119:50; 2 ms. sf. חִיִּיתַנִי Psalms 30:4; חִיִּיתָ֑נִי Psalms 119:93; 3 pl. חִיּוּ Judges 21:14, הַחִיִּיתֶם Numbers 31:15; Impf. יְחַיֶּה I Samuel 27:9 +, etc.; Imv. sf. חַיֵּנִי Psalms 119:25 + 8 times, חַיֵּיהוּ Habakkuk 3:2; Inf. cstr. חַיּוֹת Genesis 7:3 Ezekiel 13:19; sf. חַיֹּתֵנוּ Deuteronomy 6:24 +, etc.; Pt. מְחַיֶּה Nehemiah 9:6 I Samuel 2:6;—

preserve alive, let live Exodus 1:17, Exodus 1:18, Exodus 1:22; Exodus 22:17 Joshua 9:15 (JE), Genesis 12:12 (J), Numbers 31:15 (P), Deuteronomy 6:24; Deuteronomy 20:16 Judges 21:14 I Samuel 27:9, I Samuel 27:11 I Kings 18:5 II Kings 7:4 Jeremiah 49:11 Ezekiel 3:18 Habakkuk 3:2 Job 36:6 Psalms 30:4; Psalms 33:19; Psalms 41:3; Psalms 138:7; ח׳ נפשׁ preserve oneself alive Psalms 22:30 Ezekiel 18:27, or preserve persons alive Exodus 13:18, Exodus 13:19, or preserve life I Kings 20:31; ח׳ זרע preserve seed alive Genesis 7:3; Genesis 19:32, Genesis 19:34 (J); keep in existence heaven and earth Nehemiah 9:6; nourish, young cow Isaiah 7:21, lamb II Samuel 12:3.

give life, to man when created Job 33:4.

quicken, revive, refresh:

restore to life, the dead I Samuel 2:6 Deuteronomy 32:39 Hosea 6:2; the dying Psalms 71:20.

cause to grow, grain Hosea 14:8.

restore, a ruined city I Chronicles 11:8, stones destroyed by fire Nehemiah 3:34.

revive, the people of י׳ by י׳ himself with fulness of life in his favour Psalms 80:19; Psalms 85:7; Psalms 119:25, Psalms 119:37, Psalms 119:40, Psalms 119:50, Psalms 119:88, Psalms 119:93, Psalms 119:107, Psalms 119:149, Psalms 119:154, Psalms 119:156, Psalms 119:159; Psalms 143:11 Ecclesiastes 7:12.

Pf. הֶחֱיָה Joshua 6:25 + 5 times; 2 ms. sf. הֶחֱיִתָנוּ Genesis 47:25; 1 s. הֶחֱיֵיתִי Numbers 22:33, הַחֲיִתֶם Joshua 2:13 Judges 8:19; Imv. sf. הַחֲיֵינִי Isaiah 38:16; הַחֲיוּ Numbers 31:18; Inf. abs. הַחֲיֵה Joshua 9:20; cstr. הַחֲיוֹת Genesis 6:20 + 6 times; הַחֲיֹת Genesis 6:19; Genesis 50:20; sf. הַחֲיֹתוֹ Ezekiel 13:22;—

preserve alive, let live Genesis 45:7; Genesis 50:20 (E) Genesis 47:25 Numbers 22:33 Joshua 2:13; Joshua 6:25 (all J), Joshua 14:10 (D); Genesis 6:19, Genesis 6:20 Numbers 31:18 Joshua 9:20 (P), Judges 8:19 II Samuel 8:2 Ezekiel 13:22; with נפשׁ Genesis 19:19 (J).

quicken, revive:

restore to health, a leper II Kings 5:7, Hezekiah Isaiah 38:16.

revive the לֵב and רוּחַ Isaiah 57:15^(×2).

restore to life, the dead II Kings 8:1, II Kings 8:5^(×3).

חַי²

adj. alive, living;—ח׳ Genesis 25:6 +; חָ֑י Genesis 3:20 +, חֵי Amos 8:14 + 15 times (Ew^{§ 329} explains as cstr., but Ges^{§ 93, R 7 n.} al. as contracted abs.); f. חַיָּה Genesis 1:20 +; pl. חַיִּים Psalms 116:9 +;—

of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Joshua 3:10 (J), Hosea 2:1 Psalms 42:3; Psalms 84:3; אלהים חי II Kings 19:4, II Kings 19:16 = Isaiah 37:4, Isaiah 37:17; אלהים חיים Deuteronomy 5:20 I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36 Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living Psalms 18:47 = II Samuel 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Job 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Judges 8:19 Ruth 3:13 I Samuel 14:39, I Samuel 14:45; I Samuel 19:6; I Samuel 20:3, I Samuel 20:21; I Samuel 25:34; I Samuel 26:10, I Samuel 26:16; I Samuel 28:10; I Samuel 29:6 II Samuel 4:9; II Samuel 12:5; II Samuel 14:11; II Samuel 15:21 I Kings 1:29; I Kings 2:24; I Kings 17:1, I Kings 17:12; I Kings 18:10; I Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 18:13, II Kings 5:16, II Kings 5:20 Hosea 4:15 Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 16:14, Jeremiah 16:15; Jeremiah 23:7, Jeremiah 23:8; Jeremiah 38:16; חי אל Job 27:2; חי האלהים II Samuel 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Jeremiah 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות I Kings 18:15 II Kings 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Deuteronomy 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Numbers 14:21, Numbers 14:28 (P) Isaiah 49:18; Jeremiah 22:24; Jeremiah 46:18 Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 14:16, Ezekiel 14:18, Ezekiel 14:20; Ezekiel 16:48; Ezekiel 17:16, Ezekiel 17:19; Ezekiel 18:3; Ezekiel 20:3, Ezekiel 20:31, Ezekiel 20:33; Ezekiel 33:11, Ezekiel 33:27; Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 35:6, Ezekiel 35:11 Zephaniah 2:9, cf. also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Amos 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Daniel 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b.

of man; אָדָם חַי a living man Lamentations 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Isaiah 38:19; הַחַי collective Ecclesiastes 7:2; Absalom II Samuel 19:7; Naboth I Kings 21:15; a son or lad II Samuel 12:21 I Kings 3:22^(×2), I Kings 3:23^(×2), I Kings 3:25, I Kings 3:26^(×2), I Kings 3:27; I Kings 17:23; usually pl. חיים alive, living Numbers 16:30, Numbers 16:33 (J), Numbers 17:13 (P), Deuteronomy 4:4; Deuteronomy 5:3 Isaiah 8:19 Psalms 55:16; Psalms 124:3 Proverbs 1:12 Ecclesiastes 4:2^(×2), Ecclesiastes 4:15; Ecclesiastes 6:8; Ecclesiastes 9:4, Ecclesiastes 9:5 Ruth 2:20; taking prisoners alive Joshua 8:23 (J) I Samuel 15:8 I Kings 20:18^(×2) II Kings 7:12; II Kings 10:14^(×2) II Chronicles 25:12; living (prosperously) I Samuel 25:6 (We reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (v. Klo Dr) to my brother, after 𝔙 fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם (אַתֶּם) היים על (פני) האדמה all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Deuteronomy 4:10; Deuteronomy 12:1; Deuteronomy 31:13 I Kings 8:40 = II Chronicles 6:31. Note phrases: עוֹד חַי (ים) yet alive Genesis 25:6; Genesis 43:7, Genesis 43:27, Genesis 43:28; Genesis 45:28; Genesis 46:30 (J), Genesis 45:3, Genesis 45:26 Exodus 4:18 (E), Deuteronomy 31:27 I Samuel 20:14 II Samuel 12:22; II Samuel 18:14 I Kings 20:32; בהיות חי II Samuel 12:18 I Kings 12:6 II Chronicles 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Isaiah 38:11; Isaiah 53:8 Jeremiah 11:19 Ezekiel 26:20; Ezekiel 32:23, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:26, Ezekiel 32:27, Ezekiel 32:32 Psalms 27:13; Psalms 52:7; Psalms 142:6 Job 28:13; ארצות הח׳ Psalms 116:9; ספר ח׳ Psalms 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living I Samuel 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Job 33:30 Psalms 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth II Samuel 15:21; חֵי פרעה Genesis 42:15, Genesis 42:16 (E); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ I Samuel 1:26; I Samuel 17:55 II Samuel 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth I Samuel 20:3; I Samuel 25:26 II Kings 2:2, II Kings 2:4, II Kings 2:6; II Kings 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ II Samuel 11:11 (but on text v. We Dr).

of animals, alive, living: ox Exodus 21:35; Exodus 22:3 (E); goat Leviticus 16:10, Leviticus 16:20, Leviticus 16:21 (P); bird Leviticus 14:4, Leviticus 14:6^(×2), Leviticus 14:7, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ecclesiastes 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst ^{Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Ges 1878, 388}); reptiles Genesis 1:28 (P); animals in general Genesis 9:3 (P); בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Leviticus 13:10, Leviticus 13:14, Leviticus 13:15^(×2), Leviticus 13:16 (P) I Samuel 2:15.

animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Genesis 3:20; Genesis 8:21 (J) Job 12:10; Job 28:21; Job 30:23 Psalms 143:2; Psalms 145:16; כל החי Genesis 6:19 (P); נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 1:20, Genesis 1:24, Genesis 1:30 (P) Genesis 2:7, Genesis 2:19 (J); כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Genesis 9:12, Genesis 9:15, Genesis 9:16 (P) Ezekiel 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Genesis 1:21; Genesis 9:10 Leviticus 11:10, Leviticus 11:46 (P).

(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green, Psalms 58:10 (Ges Ew Ol Pe, but De Ri Che Bae raw flesh, v. c supr. ad fin.)

of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Genesis 26:19 (J), Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:6, Leviticus 14:50, Leviticus 14:51, Leviticus 14:52; Leviticus 15:13 Numbers 19:17 (P), Jeremiah 2:13; Jeremiah 17:13 Zechariah 14:8 Song of Songs 4:15.

(dub.) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man II Samuel 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively Psalms 38:20 (RV, but Houb Ol Ew Hu. Che al. read חִנָּם, ‖ שׁקר).

reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Genesis 18:10, Genesis 18:14 (J), II Kings 4:16, II Kings 4:17.

חַי³

n.[m.] kinsfolk (Arabic حَىٌّ a group of families united by vital ties RS^{K 36–40} Dr^{Sm 119}), pl. sf. חַיַּי I Samuel 18:18, incorrectly pointed with the interpretation my life RV, but read חַיִּי my kinsfolk, We Ki Dr RS SS RVm VB. It is explained by the gloss משׁפחת אבי We (Klo reads אַחַי וּ).

חַיָּה

n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHM^{Sendsch. 34})—ח׳ Genesis 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Isaiah 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Genesis 1:24 Psalms 50:10; Psalms 79:2; Psalms 104:11, Psalms 104:20 Isaiah 56:9^(×2) Zephaniah 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי Psalms 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Leviticus 14:4 + 12 times—

animal, as a living, active being:

in general, Genesis 8:17 Leviticus 11:2, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:47^(×2) Numbers 35:3 (P) Psalms 104:25 Isaiah 46:1 Daniel 8:4.

wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Genesis 7:14, Genesis 7:21; Genesis 8:1, Genesis 8:19; Genesis 9:5 (P) Leviticus 17:13; Leviticus 25:7 (H) Job 37:8 Psalms 148:10 Isaiah 40:16 Ezekiel 14:15; Ezekiel 33:27 Zephaniah 2:14, Zephaniah 2:15; ח׳ קנה Psalms 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Genesis 37:20, Genesis 37:33 (JE) Leviticus 26:6 (H) Ezekiel 5:17; Ezekiel 14:15, Ezekiel 14:21; Ezekiel 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Leviticus 5:2 (P) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Genesis 1:25, Genesis 1:30; Genesis 9:2, Genesis 9:10^(×2) (P) I Samuel 17:46 Ezekiel 29:5; Ezekiel 32:4; Ezekiel 34:28 Job 5:22; חיתו ארץ Genesis 1:24 (P) Psalms 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Exodus 23:11, Exodus 23:29 (covt. code) Leviticus 26:22 (H) Deuteronomy 7:22 II Samuel 21:10, II Kings 14:9 = II Chronicles 25:18, Hosea 2:14, Hosea 2:20; Hosea 4:3; Hosea 13:8 Isaiah 43:20 Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 28:14 Ezekiel 38:20; Ezekiel 39:4 Job 5:23; Job 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Genesis 2:19, Genesis 2:20; Genesis 3:1, Genesis 3:14 (J) Job 40:20 Jeremiah 12:9 Ezekiel 31:6, Ezekiel 31:13; Ezekiel 34:5, Ezekiel 34:8; Ezekiel 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Isaiah 56:9 Psalms 50:10; Psalms 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Isaiah 35:9 destroyer among beasts.

living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ezekiel 1:5, Ezekiel 1:13^(×2), Ezekiel 1:14, Ezekiel 1:15^(×2), Ezekiel 1:19^(×2), Ezekiel 1:20, Ezekiel 1:21, Ezekiel 1:22; Ezekiel 3:13; Ezekiel 10:15, Ezekiel 10:17, Ezekiel 10:20.

life, only in late poetry, Psalms 143:3 Job 33:18, Job 33:20, Job 33:22, Job 33:28; Job 36:14 Ezekiel 7:13^(×2), and (dub.) Psalms 74:19; Psalms 78:50.

appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Job 38:39.

revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Isaiah 57:10; v. חָיָה 2.

חַיָּה²

n.f. (si vera l.) community (= fem. of ii. חַי according to Nö^{ZMG, 1886, 176})—וְחַיַּת פְּלִשְׁתִּים חֹנָה and a community of Philistines (i.e. a group of allied families, making a raid together) was encamping II Samuel 23:13 (= מַחֲנֵה I Chronicles 11:15); perhaps also Psalms 68:11 (cf. infr.)

—Several other passages are dub.: וַיֵּאָסְפוּ פְלִשְׁתִּים לַחַיָּה II Samuel 23:11 assembled into a troop, or by bands (RV, but neither rend. justif.: Bö Ew We Klo Dr rightly read לֶ֫חְיָה to Leḥi, cf. Judges 15:9; wd. om. by accident in ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 Dr); חַיָּֽתְךָ יָֽשְׁבוּ־בָהּ Psalms 68:11 thy troop dwelt in it (Thes SS RVm Hi Ri Che, but 𝔊 𝔖 Jer Pe thy (living) creatures, of the people; Hup id., ref. to quails; improb.); אַל־תִּתֵּן לְחַיַּת נֶפֶשׁ תּוֹרֶךָ חַיַּת עֲנִיֶּיךָ אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח לָנֶ֫צַח Psalms 74:19 give not the soul of thy turtle-dove to the wild beasts, the life of thine afflicted do not forget for ever: RV Hi Pe Bae Sch render thus, giving חית diff. meanings in the two clauses, the former being archaic fem. abs. Ges^{§ 80, 2. R. 2}; text doubtless corrupt, read poss. למות Schr Ri, for לחית, or לשׁחת Kroch; Gr either of these; Che either, or better לחרב.

חָיֶה

adj. having the vigour of life, lively (on format. v. Lag^{BN 49})—fpl. חָיוֹת Exodus 1:19 (E), of Hebrew women in childbirth, bearing quickly, easily.

חַיּוּת

n.f. abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת II Samuel 20:3, lit. ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr; We reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after 𝔊 χῆραι ζῶσαι, so SS.

חִיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (Ēl lives (or abbrev. for יחיאל); Sab. חיאל, name of coin, after n.pr. of king DHM^{ZMG 1875, 613, 1883, 15}; cp. also foll., and Ph. מריחי, כמשיחי)—name of the rebuilder of Jericho I Kings 16:34; 𝔊 Αχ(ε)ιηλ, om. 𝔊L.

חַיִל

v. sub I. II. חול supr.

חִיצוֹן²

v. sub I. II. חוץ.

חֵיק²

v. sub חוק.

חִירָה

v. sub I. חור.

חִירָם²

v. sub אח, אחה supr. p. 27b.

חֵךְ

v. sub I. חנך.

חָכָה

vb. wait, await—

Pt. pl. cstr. חוֹכֵי Isaiah 30:18, with לְ waiting for him (י׳).

חִכָּה Job 32:4; חִכְּתָה Psalms 33:20; חִכִּיתִי Isaiah 8:17; חִכּוּ Psalms 106:13; חִכִּינוּ II Kings 7:9; Impf. יְחַכֶּה Isaiah 30:18; תְּחַכֶּה II Kings 9:3; Imv. חַכֵּה־ Habakkuk 2:3; חַכּוּ Zephaniah 3:8; Inf. cstr. כְּחַכֵּי Hosea 6:9 (Ephraimit. for חַכֵּה?); Pt. מְחַכֶּה Daniel 12:12; cstr. מְחַכֵּה Isaiah 64:3; pl. מְחַכִּים Job 3:21;—

wait, tarry, abs. II Kings 9:3 tarry not; with עַד till morning light II Kings 7:9; c. acc. את איוב בדברים Job 32:4 tarry for Job with words.

wait (in ambush), כְּחַכֵּי אִישׁ גְּדוּדִים Hosea 6:9 as marauding bands wait for a man AV RV De, or as marauders lie in wait Hi Ew (taking אישׁ as cstr.)

wait for, await, with לְ. for י׳ Isaiah 8:17; Isaiah 64:3 Zephaniah 3:8 Psalms 33:20; for his counsel Psalms 106:13; for his vision Habakkuk 2:3; for death Job 3:21; יחכה יהוה לחננכם Yahweh waiteth to be gracious unto you Isaiah 30:18 (Di regards this as threatening and refers it to 1); abs. waiteth (and cometh to the days of blessedness) Daniel 12:12.

חַכָּה

v. sub חנך.

חַכְלִילִי

adj. (dark) dull, from wine, ח׳ עינים מִיָּ֑יִן Genesis 49:12.

חֲכַלְיָה

n.pr.m. (meaning dub.; perhaps חַכֵּה לְיָהּ wait for Yahweh, √ חכה, so We?)—father of Nehemiah Nehemiah 1:1, 𝔊 Χελκ(ε)ια, 𝔊L Χελκιασ(ου), א A Αχαλια; Nehemiah 10:2 𝔊 Αχελια, A 𝔊L Αχαλια.

חָכַם

vb. be wise (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܟܰܡ, חֲכַם id.; Zinj. חכמה wisdom, DHM^{Sendsch. 57}; Assyrian ḫakâmu, know (with exceptional חֿ v. Dl^{Pr 178 f.}); Arabic حَكَمَ restrain from acting in an evil manner, judge, govern; iv. make firm, sound, free from defect by the exercise of skill)—

Pf. ח׳ Proverbs 23:15; 3 fs. חָֽכְמָה Zechariah 9:2; הָכַמְתָּ Proverbs 9:12^(×2), etc. + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יֶחְכַּם Proverbs 9:9; Proverbs 21:11; וַיֶּחְכַּם I Kings 5:11; יֶחְכָּ֑ם Proverbs 20:1 +; וֶ֯חְכָּ֑ם Proverbs 13:20; תֶּחְכַּם Proverbs 19:20; אֶחְכָּ֑מָה Ecclesiastes 7:23; pl. יֶחְכָּ֑מוּ Job 32:9; Imv. חֲכַם Proverbs 27:11; חֲכָ֑ם Proverbs 6:6; Proverbs 23:19 + Proverbs 13:20 Kt; חֲכָ֑מוּ Proverbs 8:33;—be or become wise, act wisely Deuteronomy 32:29 (poet.) I Kings 5:11 Job 32:9 Proverbs 6:6; Proverbs 8:33; Proverbs 9:9, Proverbs 9:12^(×2); Proverbs 13:20; Proverbs 19:20; Proverbs 20:1; Proverbs 21:11; Proverbs 23:19; Proverbs 27:11 Ecclesiastes 2:15; Ecclesiastes 7:23 Zechariah 9:2; אם חכם לבך if thy mind be wise Proverbs 23:15; c. acc. שׁחכמתי Ecclesiastes 2:19 wherein I have acted wisely.

Impf. יְחַכֵּם Psalms 105:22; sf. יְחַכְּמֵנוּ Job 35:11; תְּחַכְּמֵנִי Psalms 119:98; all make wise, teach wisdom, c. acc.

Pt. made wise, intensive, as it were the embodiment of wisdom חוֹבֵר חֲבָרִים מְחֻכָּם Psalms 58:6, pl. הֵמָּה חֲכָמִים מְחֻכָּמִים Proverbs 30:24 (of intelligent animals).

Pt. cstr. מַחְכִּימַת פֶּ֑תִי Psalms 19:8 making wise the simple.

Impf. נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ Exodus 1:10 (E) let us deal wisely (shrewdly) toward it (the people); 2 ms. תִּתְחַכַּם Ecclesiastes 7:16 make or shew thyself wise.

חָכָם

adj. wise, ח׳ Deuteronomy 4:6 + 67 times; cstr. חֲכַם Isaiah 3:3 + 9 times; pl. חֲכָמִים Deuteronomy 1:13 + 39 times; cstr. חַכְמֵי Exodus 28:3 + 4 times; sf. חֲכָמֶיךָ Isaiah 19:12 etc. + 8 times; f. חֲכָמָה II Samuel 14:2; II Samuel 20:16; cstr. חַכְמַת Exodus 35:25; pl. חֲכָמוֹת Jeremiah 9:16; cstr. חַכְמוֹת Judges 5:29 Proverbs 14:1 (but read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skilful in technical work; artificers Isaiah 3:3; sailors Ezekiel 27:8, so (prob.) v Ezekiel 27:9; mourning women Jeremiah 9:16; artisans of tabern. and temple and their furniture Exodus 28:3; Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:10; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:2, Exodus 36:4, Exodus 36:8 (P), I Chronicles 22:15 II Chronicles 2:6, II Chronicles 2:12, II Chronicles 2:13^(×2); women in spinning Exodus 35:25 (P); goldsmiths and other artisans Jeremiah 10:9; makers of idol-images Isaiah 40:20.

wise in the administration of affairs: Joseph in Egypt Genesis 41:33, Genesis 41:39 (E); heads of tribes Deuteronomy 1:13, Deuteronomy 1:15, judges Deuteronomy 16:19; of David II Samuel 14:20, of Solomon I Kings 2:9; I Kings 3:12; I Kings 5:21 = II Chronicles 2:11; the prince of Tyre, in satire Ezekiel 28:3; of kings in general Proverbs 20:26; class of political advisers of Judah Isaiah 29:14 Jeremiah 18:18, appar. also Isaiah 5:21; of Egypt Isaiah 19:11^(×2), Isaiah 19:12, Edom Obadiah 1:8, the nations Jeremiah 10:7; so of God Isaiah 31:2.

shrewd, crafty, cunning: Jonadab II Samuel 13:3; the princesses Judges 5:29; אשׁה חכמה wise woman II Samuel 14:2; II Samuel 20:16; gen., Jeremiah 9:22; intelligent animals Proverbs 30:24; לכד ח׳ בערמם taking the cunning in their craft Job 5:13; חכם בעיני wise in one’s own eyes Proverbs 3:7; Proverbs 26:5, Proverbs 26:12, Proverbs 26:16; Proverbs 28:11; חכמי לב wise of mind (in their own mind) Job 37:24.

pl. class of learned and shrewd men, incl. astrologers, magicians and the like, of Egypt Genesis 41:8 (E), Exodus 7:11 (P; cf. Isaiah 19:11^(×2), Isaiah 19:12); Babylon Isaiah 44:25 Jeremiah 50:35; Jeremiah 51:57; Persia Esther 1:13; Esther 6:13.

prudent, towards king Proverbs 16:14; in controversies Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 29:8, Proverbs 29:9, Proverbs 29:11; religious affairs Hosea 13:13; Hosea 14:10 Jeremiah 4:22; Jeremiah 8:8, Jeremiah 8:9 Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 32:6 Psalms 107:43; אישׁ ח׳ Jeremiah 9:11.

wise, ethically and religiously, in WisdLt:

as adj., חֲכַם לֵב wise of mind Pr Proverbs 10:8; Proverbs 16:21; לֵב חָכָם Ecclesiastes 8:5; of the son Proverbs 10:1 = Proverbs 15:20, Proverbs 13:1; Proverbs 23:24; Ecclesiastes 2:19; ילד ח׳ Ecclesiastes 4:13 wise boy; גבר ח׳ Job 34:34 wise man; מוכיח ח׳ wise reprover Proverbs 25:12.

= subst.: (1) as a wise learner in school of wisdom, he fears God and departs from evil Proverbs 14:16; is silent Proverbs 17:28; hearkens to counsel Proverbs 12:15; hears and increases in learning Proverbs 1:5; his ear seeketh knowledge Proverbs 18:15; he receives it Proverbs 21:11; and stores it up Proverbs 10:14; his ears hearken to the reproof which giveth life Proverbs 15:31; and he becomes wiser through it Proverbs 9:8, Proverbs 9:9. (2) as a wise teacher, a sage, he does not answer with windy knowledge Job 15:2; he tells the experience of the past Job 15:18; has knowledge Job 34:2; teaches it Ecclesiastes 12:9; disperses it Proverbs 15:7; his tongue is health Proverbs 12:18; it utters knowledge aright Proverbs 15:2; his mind instructs his mouth and adds learning to his lips Proverbs 16:23; his words are gracious Ecclesiastes 10:12; it is good to hear his rebuke Ecclesiastes 7:5; his instruction is a fountain of life Proverbs 13:14; one walking with him becomes wiser Proverbs 13:20. The חכמים recall the Gk. σόφοι, having their schools, pupils (בֵן), discipline (מוּסָר), principles and collections of wisdom, דברי חכמים Proverbs 1:6; Proverbs 22:17 (cf. Proverbs 24:23), Ecclesiastes 9:17; Ecclesiastes 12:11; God himself is חכם לבב Job 9:4. (3) the wise are prosperous: true, in sceptical view of Ec., they have no advantage over the fool Ecclesiastes 6:8; but die as the fool Ecclesiastes 2:16^(×2) Psalms 49:11; they will not be able to find the works of God Ecclesiastes 8:17; like others are in the hands of God Ecclesiastes 9:1; they do not secure bread Ecclesiastes 9:11; but elsewhere reverse is true: precious treasure is in his dwelling Proverbs 21:20; his lips preserve him Proverbs 14:3; they inherit glory Proverbs 3:35; wealth is their crown Proverbs 14:24; the wise man is strong Proverbs 24:5 Ecclesiastes 7:19; his eyes are in his head Ecclesiastes 2:14; his mind is at his right hand Ecclesiastes 10:2; he interprets things Ecclesiastes 8:1. (4) the wise man is a blessing to others: he wins men Proverbs 11:30; scales the city of the mighty Proverbs 21:22; though poor he delivers the city Ecclesiastes 9:15; is a reproof to scorners Proverbs 15:12; his mind is in the house of mourning Ecclesiastes 7:4; injustice makes him foolish Ecclesiastes 7:7; Job finds no wise men among his cruel friends Job 17:10.

חָכְמָה

n.f. wisdom, ח׳ Exodus 28:3 + 106 times; cstr. חָכְמַת Exodus 35:35 + 15 times; sf. חָכְמָתִי Ecclesiastes 2:9, etc. + 25 times sf.; pl. abst. חָכְמוֹת Psalms 49:4 Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 9:1; Proverbs 24:7 (GK^{§ 861}); חַכְמוֹת Proverbs 14:1 (incorrectly pointed as adj. cstr. f.; read חָכְמוֹת De);—

skill in war Isaiah 10:13; in technical work Exodus 28:3; Exodus 31:3, Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:26, Exodus 35:31, Exodus 35:35; Exodus 36:1, Exodus 36:2 (P), cf. I Kings 7:14, I Chronicles 28:21; of sailors Psalms 107:27.

wisdom, in administration Deuteronomy 34:9 Isaiah 29:14 Jeremiah 49:7^(×2) II Samuel 14:20; of prince of Tyre Ezekiel 28:4, Ezekiel 28:5, Ezekiel 28:7, Ezekiel 28:12, Ezekiel 28:17; Sol.’s wisdom included this with other forms of cleverness and shrewdness I Kings 2:6; I Kings 3:28; I Kings 5:9, I Kings 5:10, I Kings 5:14^(×2), I Kings 5:26; I Kings 10:4, I Kings 10:6, I Kings 10:7, I Kings 10:8, I Kings 10:23, I Kings 10:24 = II Chronicles 9:3, II Chronicles 9:5, II Chronicles 9:6, II Chronicles 9:7, II Chronicles 9:22, II Chronicles 9:23, I Kings 11:41 II Chronicles 1:10, II Chronicles 1:11, II Chronicles 1:12; the Messiah is to have רוּחַ חָכְמָה וּבִינָה Isaiah 11:2.

shrewdness, wisdom, II Samuel 20:22 I Kings 5:10^(×2) Jeremiah 9:22; withheld by God from the ostrich Job 39:17; of magicians and prophets Isaiah 47:10 Daniel 1:4, Daniel 1:17, Daniel 1:20.

wisdom, prudence in religious affairs Deuteronomy 4:6 Psalms 37:30; Psalms 51:8; Psalms 90:12 Proverbs 10:31 Isaiah 33:6 Jeremiah 8:9.

wisdom, ethical and religious:

of God, as a divine attribute or energy; his wisdom is in the skies Job 38:36; by it he numbers the clouds Job 38:37; founded the earth Proverbs 3:19; and made all things Jeremiah 10:12 = Jeremiah 51:15, Psalms 104:24; it is with him Job 12:13; not to be found by the most persevering human search Job 28:12, Job 28:20; he alone knows it Job 28:23; gives it Proverbs 2:6; and shews its secrets Job 11:6.

the divine wisdom is personified: she was begotten before all things to be the architect and counsellor of God in the creation (Proverbs 8:22-31); she builds a palace and spreads a feast for those who will receive her instruction Proverbs 9:1 (cf. vProverbs 9:2-5); she teaches in public places Proverbs 1:20; Proverbs 8:1, Proverbs 8:5, Proverbs 8:11, Proverbs 8:12 (v. context); gives her pupils the divine spirit Proverbs 1:23; by her discipline simple become wise, rulers rule wisely, and those seeking her are richly rewarded Proverbs 8:14 (cf. vProverbs 8:1-21).

of man: to get wisdom is principal thing Proverbs 4:7^(×2); its fundamental principle is to fear God Psalms 111:10 Proverbs 15:33 Job 28:28 (‖ סוּר מֵרַע בִּינָה); and know י׳, the All Holy Proverbs 9:10; Proverbs 30:3; it is of inestimable worth Job 28:18 Proverbs 8:11; Proverbs 16:16; Proverbs 17:16; Proverbs 23:23; Proverbs 24:7; beyond the reach of scorners Proverbs 14:6; God giveth it to the good Ecclesiastes 2:26; men are to incline the ear Proverbs 2:2; attend unto wisdom Proverbs 5:1; seek Ecclesiastes 7:25; know Proverbs 24:14 Ecclesiastes 1:17; Ecclesiastes 8:16; behold Ecclesiastes 2:12; Ecclesiastes 9:13; get her Proverbs 4:5, Proverbs 4:7; treat her as sister Proverbs 7:4; happy the man who finds her Proverbs 3:13; he who has wisdom is אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Proverbs 10:23; נָבוֹן Proverbs 10:13; Proverbs 14:33; מֵבִין Proverbs 17:24; cf. also Psalms 49:4 Job 4:21; Job 12:2, Job 12:12; Job 13:5; Job 15:8; Job 26:3; Job 32:7, Job 32:13; Job 33:33 Proverbs 1:2, Proverbs 1:7; Proverbs 2:10; Proverbs 4:11; Proverbs 11:2; Proverbs 13:10; Proverbs 14:1, Proverbs 14:8; Proverbs 18:4; Proverbs 21:30; Proverbs 24:3; Proverbs 28:26; Proverbs 29:3, Proverbs 29:15; Proverbs 31:26 Ecclesiastes 1:13, Ecclesiastes 1:16^(×2), Ecclesiastes 1:18; Ecclesiastes 2:3, Ecclesiastes 2:9, Ecclesiastes 2:13, Ecclesiastes 2:21; Ecclesiastes 7:10, Ecclesiastes 7:11, Ecclesiastes 7:12^(×2), Ecclesiastes 7:19, Ecclesiastes 7:23; Ecclesiastes 8:1; Ecclesiastes 9:10, Ecclesiastes 9:15, Ecclesiastes 9:16^(×2), Ecclesiastes 9:18; Ecclesiastes 10:1, Ecclesiastes 10:10;—on Solomon’s wisdom v. supr.

חַכְמוֹנִי

n.pr.m. (wise)—

father of one of David’s warriors I Chronicles 11:11.

father of the tutor of David’s sons I Chronicles 27:32.

חֵל²

v. חֵיל sub I. חול.

חֹל

v. sub III. חלל.

חֶלְאָה

n.f. rust (perhaps as filth v. supr.)—חֶלְאָתָהּ Ezekiel 24:6, Ezekiel 24:12 + v Ezekiel 24:11, Ezekiel 24:12 (del. Co intern. grounds) + v Ezekiel 24:6 חֶלְאָתָהֿ (cf. Ges^{§ 91, 1; R. 2}) rust on metal pot, symbol of impurity of Jerusalem.

חֶלְאָה²

n.pr.f. (meaning dub.)—wife of Ashḫur (of Judah) ‘father’ of Tekoah I Chronicles 4:5, I Chronicles 4:7 𝔊 Αωδα, Αοαδα, Αλαα, Ελαα, Ελεα.

חָלָב

n.m. milk (NH id. (and vb. denom.); Aramaic חַלְבָּא, ܚܰܠܒܳܐ, Ph. חלב; Arabic حَليبٌ n. fresh milk, حَلَبَ vb. milk; Assyrian alibu, milk, v. Dl^{Pr 174}; Ethiopic ሐሊብ )—ח׳ abs. Genesis 18:18 + 35 times + Ezekiel 34:3 (v. infr.); cstr. חֲלֵב Exodus 23:19 + 5 times; sf. חֲלָבִי Song of Songs 5:1, חֲלָבֵךְ Ezekiel 25:4;—milk:

as common food Genesis 18:8 (J; distinct from חֶמְאָה curd, q.v.), חֲלֵב צֹאן Deuteronomy 32:14 (poet.; distinct from חֶמְאַת בָּקָר); in Judges 5:25 חָלָב is used parallel with חֶמְאָה; elsewhere חֶמְאָה seems to be produced from חָלָב:—מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה Proverbs 30:33 a pressing (squeezing) of milk produces curd; מֵרֹב עֲשׂוֹת חָלָב יֹאכַל חֶמְאָה Isaiah 7:22 because of abundant yield of milk he shall eat curd; cf. also חֲרִצֵי הֶחָלָב I Samuel 17:18 cuts of milk, i.e. cheeses; it was received in buckets or pails (עֲטִינָיו) Job 21:24 (v. Ew De Di VB), and kept in skins (נֹאוד ח׳) Judges 4:19; men drank it (שׁתה) Ezekiel 25:4 (cf. השׁקה Judges 4:19), but also ate it (אכל), if emend. הֶחָלָב Ezekiel 34:3 (for הַחֵלֶב) is right, 𝔊 𝔙 Bö Hi-Sm Co, al.; it was poured out, v. sim. of formation of the embryo הֲלֹא כֶח׳ תַּתִּיכֵנִי Job 10:10 hast thou not poured me out like milk? specif. (1) חֲלֵב עִזִּים לְלַחְמְךָ Proverbs 27:27 milk of goats for thy food (RS^{Sem i. 204}). (2) c. אֵם mother’s milk: of kid לֹא־תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ Exodus 23:19 = Exodus 34:26 (JE) = Deuteronomy 14:21, cf. טְלֵה ח׳ I Samuel 7:9 sucking lamb (for sacrif.); but also of human beings גְּמוּלֵי מֵח׳ Isaiah 28:9 weaned from milk (‖ עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָ֑יִם); fig. in promise to Zion וְיָנַקְתְּ חֲלֵב גּוֹיִם Isaiah 60:16 and thou shalt suck the milk of nations (‖ וְשֹׁד מְלָכִים תִּינָ֑קִי). (3) ח׳ with wine, as especially delicacy Song of Songs 5:1 (v. De), fig. of י׳’s choicest blessings Isaiah 55:1. (4) often in phr. of productiveness of land of Canaan זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָ֑שׁ (דְּבַשׁ) flowing with milk and honey Exodus 3:8, Exodus 3:17; Exodus 13:5; Exodus 33:3 Numbers 13:27; Numbers 14:8; Numbers 16:14 (all JE), Leviticus 20:24 (H), Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 11:9; Deuteronomy 26:9, Deuteronomy 26:15; Deuteronomy 27:3; Deuteronomy 31:20 Joshua 5:6 Jeremiah 11:5; Jeremiah 32:22 Ezekiel 20:6, Ezekiel 20:15, of Egypt Numbers 16:13; the hills תֵּלַכְנָה ח׳ Joel 4:18 (‖ יִטְּפוּ הֶהָרִים עָסִיס); fig. of charms of loved one דְּבַשׁ וְח׳ תַּחַת לְשׁוֹנֵךְ Song of Songs 4:12 honey and milk are under thy tongue.

milk as white לְבֶן־שִׁנַּיִם מֵח׳ Genesis 49:12 white of teeth, from milk; צַחוּ מֵח׳ Lamentations 4:7 they were whiter than milk (‖ זַכּוּ מִשֶּׁלֶג); so also prob. of eyes (iris) רֹחֲצוֹת בֶּח׳ Song of Songs 5:12 bathed in milk, i.e. the white of the eye.—On milk as not used by Israel in sacrifice v. RS^{Sem 204}.

חֵ֫לֶב

n.m. ^{Exodus 29:13} fat (NH id., fat, so Ph. חלב (prob.); Aramaic ܚܶܠܒܳܐ (also diaphragm in Lexx., v. PS¹²⁷⁴) orig. diaphragm, midriff; Arabic خِلْبٌ, incl. midriff-fat, RS^{Sem i. 360});—ח׳ abs. Leviticus 3:16 + 40 times; cstr. Genesis 45:18 + 21 times; sf. חֶלְבּוֹ Leviticus 3:9 + 6 times; חֶלְבָּהּ Leviticus 4:31, Leviticus 4:35, חֶלְבָּם Numbers 18:17, חֶלְבָּ֫מוֹ Psalms 17:10, חֶלְבְּהֶ֑ן Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:25 (read n.pl. חלביהן Sam. Di); pl. הַחֲלָבִים Leviticus 8:26 + 7 times; cstr. חֶלְבֵי Leviticus 6:5 + 4 times; sf. חֶלְבֵהֶן Genesis 4:4 (חלביהן Sam. Di, cf. Leviticus 8:16, Leviticus 8:25 supr.);—

fat of human body Judges 3:22 (covering intestines); ח׳גִּבּוֹרִים II Samuel 1:22 as smearing warrior’s shield; of grossness of wicked כִּסָּה פָּנָיו בְּחֶלְבּוֹ Job 15:27; fat (of midriff) fig. of unreceptive heart ח׳ סָֽגְרוּ Psalms 17:10, v. also Psalms 73:7 (read מֵחֵלֶב עֲוֹנָמוֹ for מחלב עֵינֵמוֹ 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Ew Ol De Che Bae al.); טָפַשׁ כַּח׳ לִבָּם Psalms 119:70 i.e. their heart is as unresponsive as the midriff-fat near it.

fat of beasts:

as rich food (poet.) Deuteronomy 32:14 and in sim. Psalms 63:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁן); so MT Ezekiel 34:3 (but read הֶחָלָב, v. חָלָב), Ezekiel 39:19 (𝔖 Co בשׂר).

especially as offered in sacrifice, sg., to י׳ Exodus 23:18 (JE), I Samuel 2:15, I Samuel 2:16 Exodus 29:13^(×2), Exodus 29:22^(×3) Leviticus 3:3^(×2), Leviticus 3:4, Leviticus 3:9^(×3), Leviticus 3:10, Leviticus 3:14^(×2), Leviticus 3:15 + 23 times Lv, Numbers 18:17 (all P), Leviticus 17:6 (H), I Samuel 15:22 Isaiah 1:11; Isaiah 43:24 Ezekiel 44:7, Ezekiel 44:15; v. Isaiah 34:6^(×2), Isaiah 34:7 of fat of Edomites slaughtered by י׳’s sword (under fig. of lambs, rams, and bulls); as eaten by (strange) gods Deuteronomy 32:38; (poet.), not to be eaten by men Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 7:23, Leviticus 7:24^(×2), Leviticus 7:25 (all P); also pl., fat parts or pieces Genesis 4:4 (J) Leviticus 6:5 + 8 times Lv, I Kings 8:64^(×2) II Chronicles 7:7^(×2); II Chronicles 29:35; II Chronicles 35:14.

choicest, best part of products of land Genesis 45:18 (E), specif. of oil Numbers 18:12 and wine v Numbers 18:12; of corn and oil v Numbers 18:29, Numbers 18:30, Numbers 18:32; also (poet.) ח׳ כִּלְיוֹת חִטָּה Deuteronomy 32:14 kidney-fat of wheat (i.e. the very choicest, cf. Isaiah 34:6), ח׳ חִטָּה Psalms 81:17, ח׳ חִטִּים Psalms 147:14.

חֵ֫לֶב²

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr.m. חֿלבן = the crafty one Sab.Denkm. ^{27. 28})—one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:29 (but read חלד(י), v. Dr), 𝔊 Εσθαει, A Αλαφ, 𝔊L Αλλαν (= חֵלֶד I Chronicles 11:30 = חֶלְדַּי I Chronicles 27:15).

חֶלְבָּה

n.pr.loc. town assigned to Asher Judges 1:31, site unknown, 𝔊 Χεβδα, 𝔊L Ελβα; (comp. Assyrian Maḫalliba Schr Dl, but v. אַחְלָב infr.)

חֶלְבּוֹן

n.pr.loc. place whence wine came (to Tyre) יֵין ח׳ Ezekiel 27:18; so also Assyrian n.pr.terr. Ḫibunim or Hilbunu, v. Schr^COT and Dl in Co Mod. Ḫalbûn, NW. from Damascus, Wetzst^{ZMG xi. 1857, 490 f.} Bd^{Pal. 341}.

חֶ֫לֶד

n.[m.] Job 11:17 duration, world (= αἰών) (Arabic خُلْدٌ perpetual duration, eternity)—abs. ח׳ Psalms 17:14; חָ֑לֶד Job 11:17 + 2 times + Isaiah 38:11 Che De, sq. Cod. Bab. etc. (Baer חָ֑דֶל); sf. חֶלְדִּי Psalms 39:6; = duration of life Job 11:17 Psalms 39:6 (‖ יָמַי), זְכֹר אֲנִי מֶה־חָ֑לֶד Psalms 89:48 of what duration I am Dr^{§ 189. 2}, or (אדני for אני) what is life(?) Hi Ew Now al.; world (= αἰών, not κόσμος) Psalms 17:14; Psalms 49:2 (ישׁבי ח׳ ‖ כל־עמים), cf. Isaiah 38:11 (v. supr.; ‖ אֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים).

חֵ֫לֶד

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חֿלד DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 35}) one of David’s heroes, son of בַּעֲנָה I Chronicles 11:30 A 𝔊L Αλαδ (= חֶלְדַּי I Chronicles 27:15 = חֵלֶב II Samuel 23:29).

חֻלְדָּה

n.pr.f. prophetess, Josiah’s time, II Kings 22:14 = II Chronicles 34:22, 𝔊 Ολδα.

חֶלְדַּי

n.pr.m.

one of David’s heroes I Chronicles 27:15 (= חֵלֶד I Chronicles 11:30 = חֵלֶב II Samuel 23:29) 𝔊 Χολδεια (—δαι), 𝔊L Ολδια.

a returned exile Zechariah 6:10 (om. 𝔊) = חֵלֶם v Zechariah 6:14.

חָלָה

vb. be weak, sick (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלָא suffer (rare); Assyrian ḫalû, sickness, grief, Dl^{Pr 181})—

Pf. ח׳ I Kings 14:1 + 8 times; 2 fs. חָלִית Isaiah 57:10; 1 s. חָלִיתִי I Samuel 30:13 + 2 times; וְחָלִי֫תִי consec. Judges 16:7, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:17, חָלוּ֫ Jeremiah 5:3 (so read, v. infr.); Impf. וַיָּ֑חַל II Kings 1:2; Inf. sf. חֲלֹתוֹ Isaiah 38:9; חֲלוֹתִי Psalms 77:11 cf. sub Pi.; חֲלוֹתָם Psalms 35:13; Pt. חֹלֶה Genesis 48:1 + 6 times + I Samuel 22:8 (v. infr.); חוֹלֶה Nehemiah 2:2 Malachi 1:13; f. חוֹלָה Ecclesiastes 5:12 + 3 times (for Jeremiah 4:31 v. I. חוּל), cstr. חוֹלַת Song of Songs 2:5; Song of Songs 5:8;—

be or become weak, Samson Judges 16:7, Judges 16:11, Judges 16:17; feel weak Isaiah 57:10 (Che) Ezekiel 34:4, Ezekiel 34:16.

become sick, ill Genesis 48:1 (E) I Samuel 19:14; I Samuel 30:13 I Kings 14:1, I Kings 14:5; I Kings 15:23 (of Asa, = חלא II Chronicles 16:2) II Chronicles 17:17 II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:7; II Kings 13:14 (c. acc. cogn.) II Kings 20:12 = Isaiah 39:1, Isaiah 33:24; Isaiah 38:9 Proverbs 23:35 Psalms 35:13 Nehemiah 2:2, cf. Psalms 77:11 חֲלוֹתִי for חַלּוֹתִי Che after Bi; lame and sick—i.e. imperfect for sacrifice—of animals Malachi 1:8, Malachi 1:13; sick from effect of wounds II Kings 8:29 = II Chronicles 22:6, cf. Proverbs 23:35, מַכָּה with חֳלִי Deuteronomy 28:59, Deuteronomy 28:61 Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 10:19; hyperbol. sick from love חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אני Song of Songs 2:5; Song of Songs 5:8; be sick unto dying חלה לָמוּת II Kings 20:1 = Isaiah 38:1, ח׳עד־למות (late) II Chronicles 32:24; Jeremiah 5:3 read prob. לֹא חָלוּ֫ (for MT חָ֫לוּ, v. I. חול) of the people, unmoved by י׳’s chastisements; thou hast smitten them, but they are not sick (cf. Niph. Amos 6:6); of sickness of the mind in MT I Samuel 22:8 sq. עַל (but read rather חֹמֵל 𝔊 Gr Klo Dr); pt. as adj. severe, sore רָעָה חוֹלָה Ecclesiastes 5:12, Ecclesiastes 5:15;—on Jeremiah 4:31 v. I. חול.

Pf. 1 s. נֶחֱלֵיתִי Daniel 8:27; 3 pl. נֶחְלוּ Amos 6:6 Jeremiah 12:13; Pt. f. נַחֲלָה Isaiah 17:11 + 4 times; pl. נַחְלוֹת Ezekiel 34:4 (del. Co) v Ezekiel 34:21;—

make oneself sick, fig. for strain oneself Jeremiah 12:13 (but Gr נִלְאוּ).

be made sick Daniel 8:27; לֹא נֶח׳ of indifference, apathy Amos 6:6 sq. על (cf. Qal Jeremiah 5:3); pt. diseased, as subst. c. art. Ezekiel 34:4 (del. Co) v Ezekiel 34:21; = severe, sore (pred. of מַכָּה) Nahum 3:19 Jeremiah 10:19; Jeremiah 14:17; Jeremiah 30:12; also (מַכָּה om.) Isaiah 17:11.

Pf. חִלָּה make sick, c. acc. cogn. + בְּ of land Deuteronomy 29:21; Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Psalms 77:11 read prob. חֲלוֹתִי, Inf. Qal, my sickness, so Bi Che (others der. from חלל my wounding, v. De).—For other forms of Pi. v. II. חלה.

Pf. be made weak, 2 ms. חֻלֵּיתָ Isaiah 14:10.

Impf. וַיִּתְחָ֑ל II Samuel 13:6; Imv. הִתְחָ֑ל II Samuel 13:5; Inf. הִתְחַלּוֹת II Samuel 13:2;—make oneself sick, of Ammon’s morbid passion for his sister II Samuel 13:2, sq. בַּעֲבוּר; of his pretended sickness of body II Samuel 13:5, II Samuel 13:6.

Pf. 3 ms. הֶחֱלִי Isaiah 53:10; 1 s. הֶהֱלֵתִי Micah 6:13; pl. הֶחֱלוּ Hosea 7:5 (on text v. infr.); Pt. מַחֲלָה Proverbs 13:12;—

make (sick, i.e.) sore thy smiting הַכּוֹתֶ֑ךָ Micah 6:13 (cf. Nahum 3:19, Niph.); obj. (implic.) a person, וי׳ חָפֵץ דַּכְּאוֹ הֶחֱלִי Isaiah 53:10 it pleased י׳ to bruise him, making him sick = to bruise him sorely, v. further Di.

make sick, obj. לֵב (of hope deferred) Proverbs 13:12.

shew (signs of) sickness, become sick, only הֶח׳ שׂרים חֲמַת מִיָּ֑יִן Hosea 7:5 princes are become sick with fever of wine (Now Che VB; > Vrss Hi-St who read הֵחֵלּוּ they begin the day with wine-fever).

Pf. be made sick = wounded הָֽחֳלֵיתִי I Kings 22:34 = II Chronicles 18:33, II Chronicles 35:23.

חֳלִי

n.m. ^{Deuteronomy 28:59} sickness, חֳלִי Deuteronomy 28:61 + 8 times; חֹ֑לִי Deuteronomy 7:15 + 2 times; sf. חָלְיוֹ Isaiah 38:9 + 7 times + Ecclesiastes 5:16 (where del. sf., cf. Vrss Now); pl. חֳלָיִם Deuteronomy 28:59, חֳלָיִים II Chronicles 21:15, חֳלָיֵנוּ Isaiah 53:4;—sickness, disease Deuteronomy 7:15; Deuteronomy 28:59, Deuteronomy 28:61 I Kings 17:17 II Kings 1:2; II Kings 8:8, II Kings 8:9; II Kings 13:14 Isaiah 38:9 II Chronicles 16:12^(×2); II Chronicles 21:15^(×2), II Chronicles 21:19 Psalms 41:4 Ecclesiastes 6:2; of the suffering servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:3, Isaiah 53:4 (in both ‖ מַכְאֹב); of rich man Ecclesiastes 5:16 (read וָחֳלִי, v. supr.); incurable disease ח׳ לְאֵין מַרְפֵּא II Chronicles 21:18; recover from sickness חיה מֵחלי Isaiah 38:9; metaph. of distress of land Hosea 5:13 (‖ מָזוֹר), Isaiah 1:5 Jeremiah 10:19; = wound, of violence in Jerusalem Jeremiah 6:7 (‖ מַכָּה).

חָלָה²

vb. only Pi. sq. פְּנֵי, פָּנֶיךָ, פָּנַיִךְ = mollify, appease, entreat the favour of, lit. make the face of any one sweet or pleasant (cf. Arabic حَلَا, حَلِىَ be sweet, pleasant, Aramaic ܚܠܻܝ, חֲלִי, id., adj. חָלֵי sweet);—

Pf. חִלָּה II Chronicles 33:12, חִלִּיתִי I Samuel 13:12 Psalms 119:58, וְחִלּוּ consec. Job 11:19, חִלִּינוּ Daniel 9:13; Impf. וַיְחַל Exodus 32:11 + 3 times, יְחַלּוּ Psalms 45:13 Proverbs 19:6; Imv. חַל־נָא I Kings 13:6, חַלּוּ־נָא Malachi 1:9; Inf. cstr. לְחַלּוֹת Zechariah 7:2 + 2 times;—

ח׳ את־פני־י׳:

mollify, pacify, appease י׳, i.e. induce him to shew favour in place of wrath and chastisement Exodus 32:11 (JE), I Kings 13:6 (+ הִתְפַּלֵּל), v I Kings 13:6 II Kings 13:4 Jeremiah 26:19 (+ וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם), II Chronicles 33:12 (‖ וַיִּכָּנַע מאד מִלִּפְנֵי), Daniel 9:13; also ח׳ פני־אֵל Malachi 1:9 (sq. וִיחָנֵּ֑נוּ that he may be gracious to us).

entreat the favour of י׳, i.e. aim at success, prosperity, etc., through his favour, I Samuel 13:12 (in anticipation of war), Zechariah 8:21, Zechariah 8:22 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳; of cities and nations assembling at Jerusalem for worship), Zechariah 7:2 (‖ לְבַקֵּשׁ אֶת־י׳) of worship at Jerusalem; quite gen., as habit of God-fearing man, Psalms 119:58 (+ בְּכָל־לֵב).

entreat favour of men (in sense of 1 b)—רַבִּים יְח׳ פני־נָדִיב Proverbs 19:6 many entreat a prince’s favour (‖ וְכָל־הָרֵעַ לְאִישׁ מַתָּן); יח׳ פָּנַיִךְ Psalms 45:13 of favour of king’s bride; וְח׳ פָּנֶיךָ רַבִּים Job 11:19 favour of Job when absolved and restored.

חֲלִי

n.m. ornament, נֶזֶם זָהָב וַחֲלִי־כָּ֑תֶם Proverbs 25:12 a (nose- or ear-) ring of gold and (neck- or breast-) ornament of fine gold; pl. חֲלָאִים Song of Songs 7:2, in sim. of grace and beauty.

חֲלִי²

n.pr.loc. in Asher Joshua 19:25, site unknown (v. conject. in Di).

חַלְחוּל

n.pr.loc. town in Judah, Joshua 15:58 Lag^{Onom. 119. 7, 2nd ed. 152} Elul in tribu Iuda, cf. Alula juxta Chebron; mod. Ḥalḥûl, 1 1/2 hour (3 1/2 miles) N. from Hebron, v. Di (and reff.) Bla Rob^{BR iii. 281 f.} Guérin ^{Judée iii. 284 ff.}

חַלְחָלָה²

n.f. v. i. חול.

חֵֽלְכָה

read חַלְכֶּה, חֶלְכֶּה, or חָלְכֶּה, adj. hapless, unfortunate, only as subst. hapless, luckless one(s)—לְחֵֽלְכָה Psalms 10:8, 𝔊 εἰς τὸν πένητα, 𝔖 𝔗; חֵלֶ֑כָה Psalms 10:14 𝔊 ὁ πτωχός; חלכאים Psalms 10:10 Kt, read pl. חַלְכָּאִים (חֶל׳, חָל׳); Qr חֵל כָּאִים, 𝔊 τῶν πενήτων. In all text and meaning dub. (MT reads חֵלְכָה = חֵילְךָ thine army; and חֵל כָּאִים v Psalms 10:10 army of dejected ones, but this against usage of חֵל, and no such fig. sense of חַיִל, v. Ol Hup De Bae Che, and crit. n.)

חָלַל

vb. bore, pierce (Arabic خَلَّ perforate, pierce through, transfix, Ethiopic ኅለት (hollow) reed; Aramaic חֲלַל hollow out, חֲלִילָא pipe; ܚܠܻܝܠܴܐ adj. hollow, ܚܠܳܠܴܐ cave, ܚܶܠܬܳܐ sheath, etc.; NH in deriv. חָלָל n. hollow, adj. slain, חָלִיל pipe);—

Pf. לִבִּי חָלַל בְּקִרְבִּי my heart is pierced (wounded) within me Psalms 109:22 (? lit. one has pierced my heart; or read Pu. חֻלַּל?); Inf. cstr. חַלּוֹתִי הִיא Psalms 77:11 it is my piercing, my wound my woe; Hu. Pe Bi Che read חֲלוֹתִי my sickness).

Pt. pl. (Baer) בְּיַד מְחַללֶי֑ךָ Ezekiel 28:9 in the hand of the ones wounding thee (Sm Co read מְחוֹלְלֶ֑ךָ).

Pt. מְחֻלֲלֵי הֶרֶב pierced by the sword Ezekiel 32:26. Poʿel. Pf. 3 fs. חֹלֲלָה יָדוֹ נָחָשׁ בָּרִחַ Job 26:13 his hand pierced the fleeing serpent; רַב־מְחוֹלֵל כֹּל Proverbs 26:10 an archer piercing all (v. חול) Pt. f. מְחוֹלֶלֶת תַּנִּין Isaiah 51:9 who pierced the dragon. Poʿal. Pt. מְחֹלָל מִפְּשָׁעֵינוּ Isaiah 53:5 pierced, wounded because of our transgressions (of the servant of י׳, ‖ מְדֻכָּא מֵעֲוֹנֹתֵינוּ).

חָלָל

n.m. pierced, ח׳ abs. Deuteronomy 21:1 + 25 times; cstr. חֲלַל Numbers 19:16; pl. חֲלָלִים Numbers 23:24 + 28 times; cstr. חַלְלֵי Isaiah 22:2 + 21 times; sf. חֲלָלֶיךָ Psalms 69:27, etc. + 11 times sfs.;—

pierced, fatally wounded Psalms 69:27 Jeremiah 51:52 Ezekiel 26:15; Ezekiel 30:24 Lamentations 2:12 Job 24:12.

slain Numbers 19:18; Numbers 31:8, Numbers 31:19 (P), etc.; sg. coll. II Samuel 23:8, II Samuel 23:18 = I Chronicles 11:11, I Chronicles 11:20 Ezekiel 6:7; Ezekiel 30:11, etc., but usually pl. Genesis 34:27 I Samuel 17:52 (RV wounded) Jeremiah 51:49, etc.; †חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Isaiah 22:2 Jeremiah 14:18 Ezekiel 31:17, Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:20, Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30, Ezekiel 32:31, Ezekiel 32:32 Zephaniah 2:12 Lamentations 4:9; חַלְלֵי רעב Lamentations 4:9; חַלְלֵי יהוה Isaiah 66:16 Jeremiah 25:33.

חַלָּה

n.f. a kind of cake (prob. as perforated, v. Di Leviticus 2:4)—ח׳ abs. Numbers 15:20 Leviticus 24:5; cstr. חַלַּת Exodus 29:23 + 4 times; pl. חַלּוֹת Leviticus 2:4 + 2 times; חַלֹּת Exodus 29:2 + 3 times—used in offerings:

at the sacrif. of David on removal of ark, given to each person as part of peace-offering II Samuel 6:19.

elsewhere only P (H Leviticus 24:5^(×2)):

of the 12 cakes of the table of the holy place, made of סלת Leviticus 24:5^(×2).

made of ראשׁית ערסת as an offering of first-fruits Numbers 15:20.

of לחם שׁמן, to be burnt with the עוֹלָה Exodus 29:23 = Leviticus 8:26.

of מַצָּה burnt on the altar with c Leviticus 8:26, but usually to be eaten by participants in the several forms of peace-offering Numbers 6:19, and as such mingled with oil Exodus 29:2 Leviticus 2:4 Leviticus 7:12^(×2) Numbers 6:15.

ח׳ לחם חמץ to be used by the offerer in connexion with the unleavened cakes of d Leviticus 7:13.

חַלּוֹן

n.m. ^{Joshua 2:18} and f. ^{Ezekiel 40:16} window, abs. הַחַלּוֹן Genesis 26:8 + 12 times; cstr. חַלּוֹן Genesis 8:6 Proverbs 7:6; sf. חַלּוֹנָו֯ Ezekiel 40:22; mpl. חַלּוֹנִים Ezekiel 40:25 + 3 times; cstr. חַלּוֹנֵי I Kings 6:4; sf. חַלּוֹנָי֑ Jeremiah 22:14 (defective pl. Ges^{§ 87 (1)c}, dual Ew^{§ 177 a}, but read יו סָפוֹן Mich Hi Gf Or Gie); חַלּוֹנֵינוּ Jeremiah 9:20; f. חַלּוֹנוֹת Ezekiel 40:16 + 4 times; חַלֹּנוֹת Song of Songs 2:9 + 3 times; window פָּתַח ח׳ open the window Genesis 8:6 (P) II Kings 13:17; עלה בח׳ Jeremiah 9:20; בעד הח׳ through the window Genesis 26:8 Joshua 2:15 (J) Judges 5:28 I Samuel 19:12 II Samuel 6:16 = I Chronicles 15:29, II Kings 9:30 Joel 2:9; latticed windows I Kings 6:4 Ezekiel 40:16; Ezekiel 41:16, Ezekiel 41:26; בּח׳ Joshua 2:18, Joshua 2:21 (J) Proverbs 7:6 Zephaniah 2:14; אֶל־הח׳ II Kings 9:32; מִן־הח׳ Song of Songs 2:9; windows of palace, קָרַע לוֹ חַלּוֹנָי(ו) Jeremiah 22:14 cutteth him out his windows; of the gates of Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:16, Ezekiel 40:22, Ezekiel 40:25^(×2), Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, Ezekiel 40:36, of the temple itself Ezekiel 41:16^(×2).

חָלִיל

n.m. flute, pipe, ח׳ I Samuel 10:5 Isaiah 5:12; Isaiah 30:29; pl. חֲלִלִים I Kings 1:40 Jeremiah 48:36^(×2).

חָלַל²

vb.denom. play the pipe, pipe—

Pt. pl. וְשָׁרִים כְּחֹלֲלִים Psalms 87:7 as well the singers as the pipe-players, cf. AV; < RV Pe De Che Bae al. Pôʿlel Pt. from i. חוּל dancers.

Pt. וְהָעָם מְחַלְּלִים בַּחֲלִלִים I Kings 1:40 and the people piped with pipes (cf. Assyrian ḫâlalu, according to Dl in Zim^{BP 117}).

חָלַל³

vb. pollute, defile, profane; Hiph. also begin (lit. untie, loosen, open, v. Arabic) (Arabic خَلَّ untie, undo, become free, lawful, free from obligation or tie; iv. make lawful; x. esteem lawful or free, profane, desecrate, violate; NH חלל be profane, desecrated (also Pi. Hiph. transit.), cf. Aramaic חֲלַל; ܚܰܠܶܠ Pa. is purify, ܐܰܚܶܠ Aph. is profane)—

Pf. נִחָ֑ל Ezekiel 25:3, נִחַלְתְּ (-תִּי Co) Ezekiel 22:16, נִחֲלוּ Ezekiel 7:24; Impf. יֵחָ֑ל Isaiah 48:11, תֵּחֵל Leviticus 21:9, וָאֵחַל Ezekiel 22:26; Inf. הֵחֵל Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22, sf. לְהֵחַלּוֹ Leviticus 21:4.—

reflex. pollute, defile oneself

ritually, by contact with dead ‖ טמא, Leviticus 21:4 (H)

sexually ‖ זנה Leviticus 21:9 (H).

Pass., be polluted, defiled, of holy places Ezekiel 7:24; Ezekiel 25:3, name of God Ezekiel 20:9, Ezekiel 20:14, Ezekiel 20:22 Isaiah 48:11 and even God himself Ezekiel 22:16, Ezekiel 22:26.

Pf. חִלֵּל Leviticus 19:8 + 3 times; sf. חִלְּלוֹ Deuteronomy 20:6; 2 ms. חִלַּלְתָּ Genesis 49:4 + 3 times; 2 fs. חִלָּ֑לְתְּ Ezekiel 22:8; 3 pl. sf. חִלְּלוּהֻ֯ Ezekiel 7:21 etc., + 16 times Pf.; Impf. יְחַלֵּל Leviticus 21:12, Leviticus 21:15, Leviticus 21:23; sf. יְחַלְּלֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 20:6; pl. יְחַלְּלוּ Leviticus 21:6 + 4 times, יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ Psalms 89:32 etc., + 13 times Impf.; Inf. חַלֵּל Amos 2:7 + 4 times; חַלְּלוֹ Ezekiel 23:39 + 4 times; חַלְּלָם Jeremiah 16:18; Pt. מְחַלֵּל Ezekiel 24:21 pl. מְחַלְּלִים Malachi 1:12 Nehemiah 13:17; sf. מְחַלֲלֶיהָ Exodus 31:14; f. מְחַלֶּלֶת Leviticus 21:9;—

defile, pollute:

sexually, Genesis 49:4 (poem) = I Chronicles 5:1 (the father’s bed); a woman = זנה Leviticus 19:29; Leviticus 21:9 (H); זַרְעוֹ Leviticus 21:15 (H).

ceremonially, profane, the altar by a tool Exodus 20:22 (JE); sacred places Leviticus 21:12, Leviticus 21:23 (H), Ezekiel 7:21, Ezekiel 7:22^(×2), Ezekiel 23:39; Ezekiel 24:21; Ezekiel 44:7 Zephaniah 3:4 Malachi 2:11 Psalms 74:7 Daniel 11:31; the holy land Jeremiah 16:18; sacred things Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 22:9, Leviticus 22:15 (H) Numbers 18:32 (P) Ezekiel 22:26; the sabbath Exodus 31:14 (P), Isaiah 56:2, Isaiah 56:6 Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:21, Ezekiel 20:24; Ezekiel 22:8; Ezekiel 23:38 Nehemiah 13:17, Nehemiah 13:18; and so the sanctity of the prince of Tyre who made himself God, and his holy places, Ezekiel 28:7, Ezekiel 28:16, Ezekiel 28:18.

the name of God Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 19:12; Leviticus 20:3; Leviticus 21:6; Leviticus 22:2, Leviticus 22:32 (all H), Amos 2:7 Jeremiah 34:16 Ezekiel 20:39; Ezekiel 36:20, Ezekiel 36:21, Ezekiel 36:22, Ezekiel 36:23 Malachi 1:12, God himself Ezekiel 13:19.

י׳ defiles or profanes his inheritance by giving it over to Babylon Isaiah 47:6; the princes of the sanctuary by giving them to Chaldeans Isaiah 43:28.

violate the honour of, dishonour, י׳ subj., crown of Davidic kingdom Psalms 89:40 (sq. לארץ pregn.), kingdom of Judah Lamentations 2:2; the גאון כל צבי Isaiah 23:9.

violate a covenant Psalms 55:21; Psalms 89:35 Malachi 2:10, the חקות of God Psalms 89:32.

treat a vineyard as common (v. חֹל) by beginning to use its fruit Deuteronomy 20:6^(×2); Deuteronomy 28:30 Jeremiah 31:5 (v. the law Leviticus 19:23-25, H).

Pt. שְׁמִי הַגָּדוֹל הַמְֿחֻלָּל בַּגּוֹיִם Ezekiel 36:23 my great name which is profaned among the nations.

Impf. לֹא אַחֵל אֶת־שֶׁם־קָדְשִׁי עוֹד Ezekiel 39:7 I will not let my holy name be profaned any more; cp. Ezekiel 20:9.

לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ he shall not violate his word Numbers 30:3 (P).

begin, Pf. הֵחֵל Genesis 6:1 + 15 times, הֵחֵ֫לָּה Judges 20:40, הַחִלּוֹתָ Deuteronomy 3:24 Esther 6:13, הַחִלֹּתִי Deuteronomy 2:31 I Samuel 22:15, הֵחֵ֫לּוּ Ezra 3:6 + 6 times; Impf. יָחֵל Judges 10:18; Judges 13:5, וַיָּ֫חֶל Genesis 9:20 + 5 times, 3 fs. וַ֫תָּחֶל Judges 13:25; Judges 16:19, 2 ms. תָּחֵל Deuteronomy 16:9, אָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:25 Joshua 3:7, וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ Judges 20:31 + 3 times, וַתְּחִלֶּינָה Genesis 41:54, תָּחֵ֫לּוּ Ezekiel 9:6; Imv. הָחֵל Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:31; Inf. cstr. הָחֵל I Samuel 3:12 + 2 times; sf. הַחִלָּם Genesis 11:6; Pt. מֵחֵל Jeremiah 25:29;—begin, Numbers 17:11, Numbers 17:12 (P) Deuteronomy 16:9 II Chronicles 29:27^(×2); so II Samuel 24:15 𝔊 We Dr. (𝔊 inserts וְהַמַּגֵּפָה הֵחֵ֫לָּה בָּעָם bef. וַיָּ֫מָת); c. Inf. (ל) begin to Genesis 41:54 (E), Genesis 6:1; Genesis 10:8 = I Chronicles 1:10, Genesis 11:6 Numbers 25:1 (all J), Deuteronomy 2:25, Deuteronomy 2:31; Deuteronomy 3:24; Deuteronomy 16:9 Joshua 3:7 (D), Judges 10:18; Judges 13:5, Judges 13:25; Judges 16:19, Judges 16:22; Judges 20:31, Judges 20:39, Judges 20:40 I Samuel 3:2; I Samuel 14:35; I Samuel 22:15 II Kings 10:32; II Kings 15:37 I Chronicles 27:24 II Chronicles 3:1, II Chronicles 3:2; II Chronicles 29:17; II Chronicles 31:7, II Chronicles 31:10, II Chronicles 31:21; II Chronicles 34:3^(×2) Ezra 3:6 Nehemiah 4:1 Esther 6:13; Esther 9:23; Jeremiah 25:29 Jonah 3:4; c. ו consec. Genesis 9:20 (J) Ezra 3:8; c. בְּ begin with Genesis 44:12 (J), Ezekiel 9:6, II Chronicles 20:22; so II Samuel 24:5, read וַיָּחֵ֫לּוּ for וַיַּחֲנוּ 𝔊L We Dr; c. מן begin from Ezekiel 9:6; הָחֵל רָשׁ begin! possess! Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:31; הָחֵל וְכַלֵּה beginning and ending I Samuel 3:12 (i.e. accomplishing my full purpose, v. Dr).

Pf. אָו הוּחַל לִקְרֹא בְּשֵׁם י׳ then it was begun (= men began) to call on the name of י׳ Genesis 4:26 (J).

—וַיָּחֵלּוּ מְעַט מִמַּשָּׂא Hosea 8:10 begin to be minished by reason of the burden RV Hi al.; Wü Now read וְיָחִלוּ (I. חול, חיל)—for om. of dagh. v. also וְיָחֵלוּ of Cod. Bab.—shall be in anguish a little for the burden, so Ra AV; Ew וְיָחִלוּ that they may wait (?) a little; 𝔊 וחדלו מעט ממשׁח cease a little from anointing, so Che We, this probably best.

חֹל²

n.[m.] profaneness, commonness;—לֶחֶם חֹל I Samuel 21:5, דֶּרֶךְ חֹל v I Samuel 21:6; in concrete sense, opp. קֹדֶשׁ Leviticus 10:10 (P), Ezekiel 22:26; Ezekiel 42:20; Ezekiel 44:23; Ezekiel 48:15.

חָלָל²

adj. profaned;—חָלָל רָשָׁע (read cstr. חֲלַל SS) profaned, dishonoured wicked one Ezekiel 21:30 (so AV Thes MV SS Co Or; but RV Hä deadly wounded, Ew Sm fallen, slain); pl. cstr. חַלְלֵי רְשָׁעִים Ezekiel 21:34; fs. חֲלָלָה of woman sexually dishonoured Leviticus 21:7; Leviticus 21:14 (H; ‖ זָנָה).

חָלִילָה

subst. c. ה loc., used as exclam. lit. ad profanum! i.e. far be it (for me, thee, etc.)! (v. Ba^{NB 136})—ח׳ Genesis 44:7 + 17 times, חָלִלָה Genesis 18:25 + 2 times—alone, I Samuel 14:45; I Samuel 20:2; elsewhere c. לְ pers.: Genesis 18:25 (J), I Samuel 2:30; I Samuel 20:9; I Samuel 22:15; + מִן and inf. of act deprecated Genesis 18:25; Genesis 44:7, Genesis 44:17 (all J), Joshua 24:16 (E), I Samuel 12:23 II Samuel 23:17; + מִמֶּנּוּ ל (peculiarly) Joshua 22:29 (P; = from it, even to rebel); + אִם (= surely not) II Samuel 20:20 (ח׳ ח׳), Job 27:5; strengthened idiom. by מיהוה, ח׳לִי מִיּ׳ sq. מִן and inf. I Samuel 26:11 I Kings 21:3 + II Samuel 23:17 (read מיהוה, 𝔊L 𝔖 𝔗) = I Chronicles 11:19 (מאלהי) sq. אִם I Samuel 24:7; ח׳ לָאֵל מֵרֶשַׁע Job 34:10.

חָלַם

vb. be healthy, strong (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ Ethp. be made healthy, strong Aph. causat., also deriv.; חֲלַם press firmly together)—

Impf. יַחְלְמוּ בְנֵיהֶם Job 39:4 their young are healthy.

Impf. 2 ms. וְתַחֲלִימֵנִי Isaiah 38:16 and restore me to health (‖ וִהַחֲיֵ֫ינִי).

חֵ֫לֶם

n.pr.m. (strength)—a returned exile Zechariah 6:14 = חֶלְדַּי v Zechariah 6:10.

חָלַם²

vb. dream (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܠܰܡ; חֲלַם; Ethiopic ሐለመ: Arabic حَلَمَ, dream, experience an emission of the seminal fluid, attain to puberty)—

Pf. ח׳ Genesis 42:9 Daniel 2:1, חָלַמְתִּי Genesis 37:9 + 3 times, חָלָ֑מְתִּי Genesis 37:6 + 2 times, etc., + 3 times Pf.; Impf. יַחֲלֹם Isaiah 29:8 + 5 times, יַחְלְמוּ Job 39:4, וַיַּחַלְמוּ Genesis 40:5, יַחֲלֹמ֑וּן Joel 3:1, נַחַלְמָה Genesis 41:11, Pt. חוֹלֵם Deuteronomy 13:4, חֹלֵם Genesis 41:1 Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:6, חֹלְמִים Psalms 126:1—dream:

of ordinary dreams of sleep Isaiah 29:8^(×2) Psalms 126:1.

of dreams with prophetic meaning: of Jacob Genesis 28:12, Joseph Genesis 37:5, Genesis 37:6, Genesis 37:9^(×2), Genesis 37:10; Genesis 42:9, of Pharaoh and his servants Genesis 40:5, Genesis 40:8; Genesis 41:1, Genesis 41:5, Genesis 41:11^(×2), Genesis 41:15 (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.); of Midianite Judges 7:13, Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:3, old men in latter days Joel 3:1.

of dreams of false prophets Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:4, Deuteronomy 13:6 Jeremiah 23:25^(×2).

Pt. מַחְלְמִים dream (of false prophets, c. acc. cogn.) Jeremiah 29:8 (but read חֹלְמִים [מ by dittogr. from אַתֶּם], Hi Gf Gie Gr).

חֲלוֹם

n.m. Genesis 37:10 dream;—ח׳ abs. Genesis 37:5 +, cstr. Genesis 20:3, חֲלֹם abs. Genesis 20:6, cstr. Genesis 31:24; sf. חֲלוֹמִי Genesis 40:9, Genesis 40:16, חֲלֹמִי Genesis 41:17, Genesis 41:22, חֲלֹמוֹ Genesis 40:5 + 5 times; pl. חֲלֹמוֹת Jeremiah 23:32 + 10 times etc., + 7 times sf.—dream

ordinary dream of sleep Job 7:14; Job 20:8 Psalms 73:20 Ecclesiastes 5:2, Ecclesiastes 5:6 Isaiah 29:7.

dreams with prophetic meaning, the lowest grade of prophecy (v. Br^{MP 6}):

dream of Abimelek Genesis 20:3, Genesis 20:6, of Jacob Genesis 31:10, Genesis 31:11, Laban Genesis 31:24, Joseph Genesis 37:5, Genesis 37:6, Genesis 37:8, Genesis 37:9^(×2), Genesis 37:10, Genesis 37:19, Genesis 37:20; Genesis 42:9, Pharaoh and his servants Genesis 40:5^(×3), Genesis 40:8, Genesis 40:9^(×2), Genesis 40:16; Genesis 41:7, Genesis 41:8, Genesis 41:11^(×2), Genesis 41:12^(×2), Genesis 41:15^(×2), Genesis 41:17, Genesis 41:22, Genesis 41:25, Genesis 41:26, Genesis 41:32; of a lower order of prophets than Moses Numbers 12:6, (all E, not elsewhere in Hex.), Job 33:15, of Midianite Judges 7:13^(×2), Judges 7:15, desired by Saul I Samuel 28:6, I Samuel 28:15; of Sol. I Kings 3:5, I Kings 3:15; of old men in latter days Joel 3:1, of Nebuchad. Daniel 2:1, Daniel 2:2, Daniel 2:3^(×2) Daniel הֵבִין בְּכָל־חָזוֹן וַחֲלֹמוֹת Daniel 1:17 had understanding in all visions and dreams.

of false prophets Deuteronomy 13:2, Deuteronomy 13:4, Deuteronomy 13:6 Jeremiah 23:27, Jeremiah 23:28^(×2), Jeremiah 23:32; Jeremiah 27:9; Jeremiah 29:8 Zechariah 10:2.

חַלָּמוּת

n.f. name of a plant, with thick, slimy juice, purslain, Job 6:6 RVm, so Thes Rob Ges al.; 𝔖 ܚܠܰܡܬܳܐ, anchusa PS ^{i, 1284}; on this, and later interpr. v. Bö Di Löw ^{pp. 165, 361}; only אִם־יֶשׁ־טַעַם בְּרִיר חַלָּמוּת Job 6:6 is there any taste in the juice of ח׳ (fig. of insipid and dull discourse); > AV RV Ew Hi SS after 𝔗 Saad Rabb. in the white of an egg. The ref. is to Job’s suffering (from which as little joy comes as from eating unsavoury food, so now Comm. generally), rather than to the unpalatable words of his friends. It is doubtful whether Di’s reason for perferring purslain to 𝔗 חֶלְמוֹנָא yolk of egg (רִיר ח׳ slime of yolk, i.e. the white of the egg) is convincing, viz. that ancient Hebrews did not keep hens, or that of De, viz. that white of egg is not slime and is not unpalatable; meaning yolk preferred also by Da Bu Du.

חַלָּמִישׁ

n.m. flint;—חַלָּמִישׁ Deuteronomy 8:15 + 3 times; cstr. חַלְמִישׁ Deuteronomy 32:13;—flint צוּר הַח׳ rock of flint = flinty rock, whence water flowed for Isr. in desert Deuteronomy 8:15, and (no צור) Psalms 114:8; worked by miners Job 28:9; hyperb. oil out of ח׳ צוּר Deuteronomy 32:13 flint of rock = rocky flint (poet.);—in sim. of firmness עַל־כֵּן שַׂמְתִּי פָּנַי כַּחַלָּמִישׁ Isaiah 50:7.

חֵלֹן²

v. sub. I. and II. חול.

חָלַף

vb. pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) (NH id., pass by or away, change; Ph. חלפת equivalent, Reinach^{RÉJ 188, 276}; Hoffm^{G. G. Abh. xxxvi. 1890, 20}; Aramaic חֲלַף pass away, change; ܚܠܰܦ change, substitute; Nab. חלף change (?) Eut ^{p. 53}; Arabic خَلَفَ come after, succeed, replace [cf. ‘Caliph’ i.e. successor (of Mohammed)] and many deriv. Lane^792–799; so also ויחלפה MI ⁶ and his son succeeded him; Ethiopic ኀለፈ pass by, across, through)—

Pf. חָלַף Song of Songs 2:11 Habakkuk 1:11 etc.; Impf. יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15 + 4 times; 3 fs. sf. תַּחְלְפֵ֫הוּ Job 20:24; יַחֲלֹ֑פוּ Psalms 102:27; Inf. cstr. לַחֲלוֹף Isaiah 21:1;—

pass on quickly I Samuel 10:3; elsewhere only poet., move or sweep on, of a flood Isaiah 8:8, or wind Isaiah 21:1 Job 4:15 Habakkuk 1:11, of God Job 9:11; Job 11:10.

pass away (vanish) Job 9:26 (of days); Song of Songs 2:11 (of rain ‖ עבר), of the heavens Psalms 102:27, of idols Isaiah 2:18, (but perhaps gloss JBL ^{ix. 1890, 86}).

of grass, come on anew, i.e. sprout again (cf. Hiph. 2) Psalms 90:5, Psalms 90:6, so Thes AV De Hi Che Bae al.; less suitably in context 𝔊 𝔙 Ew pass away, supr. 1 b.

trans.

pass through, i.e. pierce, sq. acc. Judges 5:26 Job 20:24.

overstep, transgress Isaiah 24:5 (‖ עבר), (cf. Arabic iv. to break a promise).

Impf. וַיְחַלֵּף (cause to pass) change, sq. acc. garment Genesis 41:14 (E) II Samuel 12:20.

Pf. חֶחֱלִף Genesis 31:7; Impf. יַחֲלִיף Job 14:7; sf. יַחֲלִיפֶנּוּ Leviticus 27:10; 3 fs. תַּחֲלִיף Job 29:20; 2 ms. וַתַּחֲלֵף Genesis 31:41; sf. תַּחֲלִיפֵם; יַחֲלִ֫יפוּ Isaiah 40:31; Isaiah 41:1; נַחֲלִיף Isaiah 9:9;—

change (trans.) garments Genesis 35:2 (E) Psalms 102:27, wages Genesis 31:7, Genesis 31:41 (both E); no obj. expr. Leviticus 27:10 (P); substitute i.e. cause to succeed Isaiah 9:9; change for better, renew, obj. כֹּחַ Isaiah 40:31; Isaiah 41:1.

shew newness, of tree, putting forth fresh shoots Job 14:7, of bow Job 29:20.

חֵ֫לֶף

n.[m.] exchange, only cstr., as prep. in return for (so חֲלַף, ܚܠܳܦ, common in Aramaic e.g. Genesis 4:23 𝔗 𝔖 for Heb. תַּחַת)—ח׳ עֲבֹדֶתֶם (עֲבֹדַתְכֶם) Numbers 18:21, Numbers 18:31 (both P).

חֵ֫לֶף²

n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, site unknown Joshua 19:33.

חֲלוֹף

n.m. a passing away, vanishing (properly Inf. of חלף)—בְּנֵי ח׳ Proverbs 31:8 i. e. those who are passing away, transitory (cf. Qal 1 b).

חָלַץ

vb. draw off or out, withdraw (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלַץ; ܚܠܰܨ despoil, usually Pa. etc.; Ph. n.pr. חלצבעל Baal has rescued, and חלץ alone; Arabic خَلَصَ withdraw, retire)—

Pf. Hosea 5:6; וְחָֽלְצָה consec. Deuteronomy 25:9; חָֽלְצוּ Lamentations 4:3; Impf. 2 ms. תַּחֲלֹץ; Pt. pass. cstr. חֲלוּץ Deuteronomy 25:10—

draw, draw off, c. acc. of sandal Deuteronomy 25:9 Isaiah 20:2 (both sq. רֶגֶל c. מִן), cf. בֵּית חֲלוּץ הַנָּ֑עַל Deuteronomy 25:10; draw out, present the breast, of animal giving suck Lamentations 4:3.

intrans. withdraw (himself) sq. מִן Hosea 5:6.

Pf. be delivered נֶחֱלָ֑ץ Proverbs 11:8 (sq. מִן); Impf. יֵחָלֵ֑צוּ Proverbs 11:9; יֵחָֽלְצוּן Psalms 60:7 = Psalms 108:7 (Ges^{§ 51. 2. R. 2}).

Pf. חִלֵּץ Leviticus 14:43 etc.; Impf. יְחַלֵּץ Job 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Psalms 7:5 (but on text vid. infr. ad fin.); sf. אֲחַלֶּצְךָ Psalms 50:15; אֲחַלְּצֶ֫ךָּ Psalms 81:8, etc.; Imv. חַלְּצָה Psalms 6:5; חַלְּצֵנִי Psalms 119:153; Psalms 140:2;—

pull out, tear out Leviticus 14:40, Leviticus 14:43 (P; stones from infested house).

rescue, deliver, c. obj. pers., but only poet.;—sq. נפשׁי Psalms 6:5; Psalms 116:8 (מִמָּ֫וֶת); cf. Psalms 140:2 (sq. מִן); abs. c. acc. Psalms 18:20 = II Samuel 22:20, Psalms 34:8; Psalms 50:15; Psalms 81:8; Psalms 91:15; Psalms 119:153 Job 36:15; וָאֲחַלְּצָה Psalms 7:5; sq. acc., but I delivered AV Hup Ri, cf. Ew; and spoiled, despoiled Ges Hi De Bae (but this only in Aramaic); < and oppressed (read וָאֶֽלְחְצָה) Krochm Dy Gr Che; (‖ גָּמַלְתִּי רַע).

חָלַץ²

vb. equip for war (primary idea of strength, vigour, v. Hiph., n. חֲלָצַיִם, and Assyrian ḫalṣu, fortification (Schr^{COT Gloss} Asrb. ^{Annals ii. 52}), cf. ḫhilṣu, belt, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 499}; Aramaic ܚܠܻܝܨ accinctus ad opus, strenuus, ܚܠܻܝܨܽܘܬܳܐ fortitudo, strenuitas, Gk. ἀνδρεία, > Thes Rob Ges SS who regard as = I. חלץ in sense strip for battle, expeditus)—

only Pt. pass. חָלוּץ Numbers 32:21 + 7 times, cstr. חֲלוּץ Numbers 32:27; pl. חֲלוּצִים Numbers 32:30 + 2 times, cstr. חֲלוּצֵי I Chronicles 12:24 + 3 times; חֲלֻצֵי Isaiah 15:4;—equipped:

as adj. Numbers 32:30, Numbers 32:32 Deuteronomy 3:18.

as subst. sg. coll. Numbers 32:21 (JE; v. Niph. v Numbers 32:20) II Chronicles 20:21; II Chronicles 28:14, c. art. הֶח׳ Joshua 6:7, Joshua 6:9, Joshua 6:13 (JE); חֲלוּץ צָבָא Numbers 32:27 men equipped for war (JE), so ח׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Numbers 32:29 (P); הֶחָ׳ לַצָּבָא I Chronicles 12:24 (v I Chronicles 12:23 van d. H.); pl. חֲלוּצֵי צָבָא Numbers 31:5 (P) I Chronicles 12:25 (v I Chronicles 12:24 Van d. H.) II Chronicles 17:18; ח׳ הַצּ׳ Joshua 4:13 (P); note חֲלֻצֵי מוֹאָב Isaiah 15:4 warriors (equipped ones, Che men-at-arms) of Moab.

Impf. 2 mpl. תֵּחָֽלְצוּ Numbers 32:20, 1 pl. נֵחָלֵץ Numbers 32:17; Imv. הֵחָֽלְצוּ Numbers 31:3; be, or go equipped, sq. לִפְנֵי Numbers 32:17, Numbers 32:20 (both JE; v. Qal Pt. v Numbers 32:21); sq. לַצָּבָא Numbers 31:3 (P; Niph. Imv. here surprising with מֵאִתְּכֶם, v. Di).

Impf. עַצְמֹתֶיךָ יַחֲלִיץ Isaiah 58:11 he (י׳) will brace up, invigorate, thy bones (MV De Di; Hup Che crit. n. Du al. read יַחֲלִיף renew, rejuvenate).

חֶ֫לֶץ

n.pr.m. (vigour).

one of David’s heroes II Samuel 23:26, 𝔊 Σελλης, A Ελλης, 𝔊L Χαλλης; = I Chronicles 11:27 𝔊 Χελλης, 𝔊L Ελλης; also I Chronicles 27:10 𝔊 Χεσλης, A 𝔊L Χελλης (in both, Baer חֶלֶץ, van d. H. חֵלֶץ).

man of Judah I Chronicles 2:39 = חָ֑לֶץ v I Chronicles 2:39 𝔊 Χελλης 𝔊L Αλλαν.

חָלַק

vb. divide, share (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ divide, determine, decree; Arabic خَلَقَ measure, measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field, Jäger^{BAS ii. 296}; Ethiopic ኈለቈ: i. 2, is enumerate, ኍልቍ, ኊለቅ enumeration, number)—

Pf. ח׳ Deuteronomy 4:19 + 5 times; חָֽלְקוּ Joshua 18:2; Impf. יַחֲלֹק Job 27:17 Proverbs 17:2; 2 ms. sf. וַתַּחְלְקֵם Nehemiah 9:22; 3 pl. וַיַּחְלְקוּ Joshua 14:5; יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ I Samuel 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם I Chronicles 24:4, I Chronicles 24:5; תַּחְלְקוּ II Samuel 19:30; Imv. חִלְקוּ Joshua 22:8; Inf. לַחֲלֹק Nehemiah 13:13; Pt. חוֹלֵק Proverbs 29:24;—

divide, apportion, sq. acc. (of gods) and לְ pers. Deuteronomy 4:19; Deuteronomy 29:25; acc. not expressed Nehemiah 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); c. acc. (of land) Joshua 14:5 (P), Joshua 18:2 (JE), II Samuel 19:30: obj. people Nehemiah 9:22; ח׳ עִם divide with others Joshua 22:8 (D?).

assign, distribute: Levites over (על) temple II Chronicles 23:18, cf. I Chronicles 24:4, I Chronicles 24:5.

assign, impart, sq. בַּבִּינָה & לְ Job 39:17.

share (in), sq. acc. silver Job 27:17; inheritance Proverbs 17:2; spoil I Samuel 30:24 (obj. om.); sq. עם have shares with ח׳ עם גַּנָּב Proverbs 29:24.

divide up = plunder the temple, sq. acc. II Chronicles 28:21 (v. Be).

Impf. יֵחָלֵק Numbers 26:55 I Kings 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Job 38:24; וַיֵּחָלֵק Genesis 14:15; 3 fs. תֵּחָלֵק Numbers 26:53; Numbers 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 cf. Be & infr. sub Pi.;—

reflex., divide oneself Genesis 14:15 (i.e. one’s men).

pass. be divided:

apportioned, the land Numbers 26:53, Numbers 26:55 (by lot) v Numbers 26:56 (id.); all P.

of people, divided into two factions I Kings 16:21.

of light, parted, spread abroad Job 38:24.

trans. assign, distribute I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, v. infr.

Pf. 3 pl. חִלֵּקוּ Joel 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Ezekiel 47:21; sf. חִלְּקָם Lamentations 4:16; 3 fs. sf. חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Isaiah 34:17; 2 ms. sf. וְחִלַּקְתָּם Exodus 5:1;—Impf. יְחַלֵּק Genesis 49:27 + 4 times, etc.; prob. read יְחַלְּקֵם I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 (v. supr. Niph.), etc.; Imv. חַלֵּק Joshua 13:7; Inf. חַלֵּק Joshua 19:51 Proverbs 16:19; sf. חַלְּקָם Isaiah 9:2—

divide, apportion: food, at festival II Samuel 6:19, sq. acc. & לְ = I Chronicles 16:3, garments Psalms 22:19, sorrows Job 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, sq. לְ (no acc. expr.) Isaiah 53:12; a land Joel 4:2 (no ind. obj.) Joshua 19:51 (P), also Micah 2:4, Psalms 60:8 = Psalms 108:8, Daniel 11:39; sq. acc. & לְ Joshua 13:7; Joshua 18:10 I Kings 18:6 Isaiah 34:17 Ezekiel 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Ezekiel 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Isaiah 9:2 Proverbs 16:19 Genesis 49:27 (poem), Exodus 15:9 (song); Judges 5:30 Psalms 68:13 Isaiah 53:12.

assign, distribute: Levites to their service, prob. I Chronicles 23:6; I Chronicles 24:3 (v. supr.)

scatter, sq. acc. Genesis 49:7 (poem) (‖ הפיץ), Lamentations 4:16.

Pf. חֻלַּק Isaiah 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zechariah 14:1; Impf. 3 fs. תְּחֻלָּ֑ק Amos 7:17; be divided, of land Amos 7:17; spoil Isaiah 33:23 Zechariah 14:1.

Pf. וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Joshua 18:5 divide (land) among themselves.

Inf. לַחֲלִק Jeremiah 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. from חֵלֶק), but dub.

חֵ֫לֶק

n.m. ^{Joshua 18:5} portion, tract, territory—ח׳ abs. Genesis 31:14 +; cstr. Genesis 14:24 +; sf. חֶלְקִי Psalms 16:5 + 6 times; חֶלְקְךָ Numbers 18:20 Ecclesiastes 9:9; חֶלְקֶ֑ךָ Psalms 50:18; חֶלְקֵךְ Isaiah 57:6; חֶלְקוֹ Habakkuk 1:16 + 5 times; חֶלְקָם Genesis 14:24 + 3 times; pl. חֲלָקִים Joshua 18:5 + 5 times; sf. חֶלְקֵיהֶם Hosea 5:7;—

portion, share:

of booty Genesis 14:24^(×2) Numbers 31:36 (P) I Samuel 30:24^(×2).

of food Leviticus 6:10 (P); ח׳ כּח׳ יאכלו Deuteronomy 18:8; = food Habakkuk 1:16 (‖ מַאֲכָל); so (of unrestricted charity) Ecclesiastes 11:2 v. Now.

sq. בְּ, share or interest in Ecclesiastes 9:6, with idea of obligation to Genesis 31:14 (E; in father’s house), II Samuel 20:1 = I Kings 12:16 = II Chronicles 10:16 (in royal line; all ‖ נַחֲלָה); of right (privilege) in ח׳ ביהוה Joshua 22:25, Joshua 22:27 (P); Nehemiah 2:20 (in Jerus.; + צְדָקָה וְזִכָּרוֹן).

proper share or part אַעֲנֶה חֶלְקִי Job 32:17 i.e. I will do my part in replying. Especially

portion, tract, of land:

as distrib. at conquest Joshua 19:9, seven portions Joshua 18:5, Joshua 18:6, Joshua 18:9 (all JE) v Joshua 18:7 (JE; + נחלה in ‖ cl.), Joshua 15:13; Joshua 19:9 (both P); none for tribe of Levi Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 12:12; Deuteronomy 14:27, Deuteronomy 14:29; Deuteronomy 18:1 Joshua 18:7 (all D; ‖ נחלה), Joshua 14:4 (P), none for priests Numbers 18:20 (P; ‖ vb. נחל).

of land possessed by people Hosea 5:7 Micah 2:4.

portion to be assigned after exile Isaiah 61:7 Ezekiel 45:7; Ezekiel 48:8, Ezekiel 48:21, חֶלְקוֹ עַל־אַדְמַת הַקֹּרֶשׁ Zechariah 2:16.

specif. of town-land, district about a town, ח׳ יִזְרְעֵאל II Kings 9:10, II Kings 9:36 + I Kings 21:23 (MT חֵל), הַשָּדֶה בְּח׳ יִזְ׳ II Kings 9:37.

הַחֵלֶק Amos 7:4 (opp. תְּהוֹם) appar. of land of Isr.

hence portion, i.e. (acquired) possession:

of people as י׳’s possession Deuteronomy 32:9 (‖ חֶבֶל נחלתו); but especially

of י׳ as possession of his servants: of priests, as enjoying perquisites of altar Numbers 18:20 (P; ‖ נחלה), in spiritual sense Psalms 73:26; Psalms 119:57; Lamentations 3:24; י׳ מְנָת חֶלְקִי Psalms 16:5; ח׳ בְּאֶרֶץ הַחַיִּים Psalms 142:6; hence ח׳ יעקב of י׳ Jeremiah 10:16 = Jeremiah 51:19 (שֵׁבֶט נַחֲלָתוֹ in ‖ cl.)

chosen portion, habitual mode of life עִם־מְנָאֲפִים ח׳ Psalms 50:18 with adulterers is thy chosen life (companionship, shewing character); בְּחַלְּקֵי־נַחַל חֶלְקֵךְ Isaiah 57:6 among smooth (things i.e. stones) of a brook-bed is thy chosen life (of idolatrous habit; v. חָלָק); חֶלְקָם בַּחַיִּים Psalms 17:14.

portion, award, from God ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ Job 31:2 (‖ נחלה); specif. of punishment of wicked Isaiah 17:14 (‖ גּוֹרָל), עִם־אֵל Job 27:13, מֵאֱלֹהִים Job 20:29 (‖ נחלה); = profit, reward, חֶלְקִי מִכָּל־עֲמָלִי Ecclesiastes 2:10, cf. v Ecclesiastes 2:21; Ecclesiastes 3:22 Ecclesiastes 5:17, Ecclesiastes 5:18; Ecclesiastes 9:9.—לְחֵלֶק Job 17:5 is dub.: a share of feast, or of booty, Kmp Hi; a prey, spoil, Ew Di Da; AV flattery does not suit context.

חֵ֫לֶק²

n.pr.m. (portion) a Gileadite Numbers 26:30; Joshua 17:2. 𝔊 Χελεγ, (κ), Κελεζ, etc.; 𝔊L Joshua 17:2 Ελεκ.

חֶלְקָה

n.f. portion of ground;—abs. ח׳ Amos 4:7^(×2) + 8 times; cstr. חֶלְקַת Genesis 33:19 + 12 times; sf. חֶלְקָתִי Jeremiah 12:10; חֶלְקָתָם Job 24:18; portion of ground,

especially

ח׳ הַשָּׂדֶה = the clearly divided field Genesis 33:19 Joshua 24:32 (both E), II Samuel 23:11, Ruth 2:3; Ruth 4:3, II Kings 9:25, I Chronicles 11:13. Also

without השׂדה Amos 4:7^(×2), II Samuel 14:30;^(×2), II Samuel 14:31; II Samuel 23:12; II Kings 3:19, II Kings 3:25; II Kings 9:21, II Kings 9:26^(×2) I Chronicles 11:14 Job 24:18; of י׳’s land Jeremiah 12:10^(×2) (‖ כַּרְמִי); cf. also n.pr.loc. חלקת הַצֻּרִים II Samuel 2:16 field of sword-edges (Dr). 𝔊 Ew^{G iii. 156, Eng. tr. 114} We read ח׳ הַצֹּדִים field of plotters or liers-in-wait (v. Dr).

portion of ground assigned to one, ח׳ מחקק Deuteronomy 33:21 commander’s portion.

חֶלְקָ֑י

n.pr.m. priest, time of Joiakim son of Jeshua, Nehemiah 12:15 (perhaps abbrev. for חלקיהו, (q.v.), 𝔊L Χελκιας (B om.)

חֶלְקַת הַצֻּרִים

n.pr.loc. a place near pool of Gibeon where Ishbosheth’s men were killed by Dvd.’s men under Joab II Samuel 2:16, 𝔊 Μέρις τῶν ἐπιβούλων; on meaning of name v. i חֶלְקָה supr.

חִלְקִיָּהוּ

n.pr.m. (my portion is י׳) 𝔊 usually Χελκ(ε)ιας, Χελχιας;—

father of Eliakim, Hezekiah’s officer, חלקיהו II Kings 18:18, II Kings 18:26; Isaiah 22:20; Isaiah 36:3, Isaiah 36:22; חלקיה II Kings 18:37.

high priest, Josiah’s time, חלקיהו II Kings 22:4, II Kings 22:8, II Kings 22:14; II Kings 23:4, II Kings 23:24; II Chronicles 34:9, II Chronicles 34:14, II Chronicles 34:15^(×2), II Chronicles 34:18, II Chronicles 34:20, II Chronicles 34:22; חלקיה II Kings 22:8, II Kings 22:10, II Kings 22:12 I Chronicles 5:39^(×2) I Chronicles 9:11; II Chronicles 35:8; Ezra 7:1, cf. also Nehemiah 11:11.

חלקיהו father of Jerem. Jeremiah 1:1.—The foll. are all חלקיה:

Levites:

I Chronicles 6:30.

I Chronicles 26:11.

a priest, contemp. of Ezra Nehemiah 4:8; Nehemiah 12:7, Nehemiah 12:21.

father of Gemariah, an ambassador of Zedekiah to Nebuchadrezzar Jeremiah 29:3.

חָלַק²

vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)—

Pf. ח׳ Hosea 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ Psalms 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only fig.: Hosea 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; > Vrss (not 𝔊) Hi St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; 𝔊 ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth Psalms 55:22 i.e. deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן).

Pf. הֶחֱלִיק Psalms 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן Psalms 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Proverbs 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth:

lit. of idol-maker Isaiah 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer.

fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it Psalms 5:10; Proverbs 28:23, words, Proverbs 2:16; Proverbs 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothy, sq. אֶל־ Psalms 36:3, עַל Proverbs 29:5.

חֵ֫לֶק³

n.[m.] smoothness, seductiveness of speech, only sg. cstr. בְּחֵלֶק שְׂפָתֶיהָ תַּדִּיחֶ֑נּוּ Proverbs 7:21 with the seductiveness of her lips she impelleth him (‖ הִטַּתּוּ בְּרֹב לִקְחָהּ).—i. and ii. חֵלֶק v. sub I. חלק.

חָלָק

adj. smooth—

lit. אִישׁ חָלָק Genesis 27:11 (J), smooth man (opp. אישׁ שָׂעִר); הָהָר הֶחָלָק Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:7 the bald mt. (both D); southern limit of Jos.’s conquest, identif. dub.; (1) white cliffs 8 m. S. of Dead Sea, and (2) Mt. Mâdara SW. from Pass es-Ṣafâ are proposed, v. Di.; as subst. חַלְּקֵי־נַחַל Isaiah 57:6 (v. i. חֵלָק, 4) smooth (stones) of a brook-bed (ravine, wady), i.e. thou worshippest common round stones (contempt., v. Che Di).

fig. of mouth uttering smooth words וְחָלָק מִשֶּׁמֶן חִכָּהּ Proverbs 5:3 cf. Proverbs 26:28.

as subst. = flattery מִקְסַם חָלָק Ezekiel 12:24 divination of flattery or of a flatterer.

חֶלְקָה²

n.f. smooth part, smoothness, flattery;—cstr. חֶלְקַת Genesis 27:16; Proverbs 6:24; pl. חֲלָקוֹת Psalms 12:3 + 3 times;—

smoothness, smooth part חֶלְקַת צַוָּארָיו Genesis 27:16.

pl. slippery places Psalms 73:18 fig. of situation of wicked.

smoothness = flattery שְׂפַת ח׳ Psalms 12:3, cf. v Psalms 12:4; חֶלְקַת לָשׁוֹן Proverbs 6:24; = subst. pl. smooth things, i.e. agreeable, flattering things Isaiah 30:10.—i. חֶלְקָה v. sub I. חלק.

חַלֻּק

adj. smooth, only pl. cstr. חַלֻּקֵי אֲבָנִים I Samuel 17:40 smooth ones of (among) stones = smooth (or smoothest?) stones Ges^{§§ 132 P 2. 133, 3} Dr^Sm.

חֲלוּשָׁה

n.f. weakness prostration, אֵין קוֹל עֲנוֹת ח׳ Exodus 32:18 it is not the sound of the answering of weakness (JE; opp. גְּבוּרָה).

חָם

n.pr.pers.m. and loc. (cf. Sab. חם Hal²⁴³)—𝔊 Χαμ:—

Ham, 2nd son of Noah Genesis 5:32; Genesis 6:10; Genesis 7:13; Genesis 9:18^(×2) I Chronicles 1:4; called father of Canaan Genesis 9:22 and of various peoples Genesis 10:1, Genesis 10:6, Genesis 10:20 I Chronicles 1:8, cf. מִן־חָם הַיֹּשְׁבִים שָׁם I Chronicles 4:40; these peoples were inhabitants of southern lands, or related historically or politically to such inhabitants; v. כּוּשׁ, כְּנַעַן, מִצְרַיִם, פּוּט, etc.

in late ψψ a name (coll.) for Egyptians:—אָֽהֳלֵי־ח׳ Psalms 78:51; אֶרֶץ־ח׳ Psalms 105:23, Psalms 105:27; Psalms 106:22 (all ‖ מִצְרַיִם, exc. Psalms 105:27).—On historical significance, and attempts at etymol. v. Di ^{Gen. ed. 6, chap. 10, especially pp. 165, 168 f.}, Hom ^{SV i. 427} Bu^{Urg. 323} Wiedemann^{Ägypt. Gesch. i. 22}.

חָם²

husband’s father, v. חמה.

חַם

adj. warm, hot, v. sub חמם.

חֹם

v. sub חמם.

חֶמְאָה

n.f. curd;—ח׳ Genesis 18:8 + 6 times; = חֵמָה Job 29:6; cstr. חֶמְאַח Deuteronomy 32:14; curd, curdled milk, mod. leben on mode of making lebben, by shaking milk in sour milk-skin, v. Doughty^{Arabic Des. i. 221, 263; ii. 304, etc.} Thomson ^{Land and Book ii. 418}. See also ARSK^{Ency. Bib. Milk}. מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא ח׳ Proverbs 30:33, elsewhere joined with חָלָב Genesis 18:8 (J) Deuteronomy 32:14 (poem; חֶמְאַת בָּקָר וַחֲלֵב צֹאן), Judges 5:25 (where served בְּסֵפֶל אַדִּירִים, v. ספל); with דְּבַשׁ II Samuel 17:29 Isaiah 7:15, Isaiah 7:22^(×2); cf. נַחֲלֵי דבשׁ וח׳ fig. of abundance Job 20:17; בִּרְחֹץ הֲלִיכַי בְּחֵמָ֑ה Job 29:6 (‖ צוּר יָצוּק פַּלְגֵי־שָֽׁמֶן׃). מַחֲמָאֹת.

חמָא

v. חֵמָה sub יחם.

חֶ֫מֶד

n.[m.] desire, delight—abs. ח׳ Amos 5:11 + 4 times; only after a cstr.; כַּרְמֵי־ח׳ נְטַעְתֶּם Amos 5:11 vineyards of desire (i.e. delightful vineyards) have ye planted; so read also Isaiah 27:2 (for MT כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר) Codd. ℌ 𝔊 van d. H. Lo Hi Ew De Di Che Du; so of fields שְׂדֵי ח׳ Isaiah 32:12; elsewhere of young men בַּחוּרֵי ח׳ Ezekiel 23:6, Ezekiel 23:12, Ezekiel 23:23 desirable young men = fine, attractive, young men.

חֶמְדָּה

n.f. id.—ח׳ Hosea 13:15 + 8 times; cstr. חֶמְדַּת I Samuel 9:20 + 3 times; sf. חֶמְדָּתִי Jeremiah 12:10; חֶמְדָּתֵךְ Ezekiel 26:12; חֶמְדָּתָם Daniel 11:8;—desire of Israel I Samuel 9:20 sq. לְ before obj. of desire; בְּלֹא ח׳ = without desire II Chronicles 21:20 (i.e. he lived as no one desired), v. Öt 𝔊 (not 𝔊L) 𝔙; concrete: כל־ח׳ ישׂראל I Samuel 9:20 and for whom is all that is desirable in Isr.? so 𝔊 𝔙 RV Dr; (> AV and on whom is all the desire of Isr.?); cf. ובאו ח׳ כל־הגוים Haggai 2:7 (i.e. the desirable, precious things of all nations); elsewhere after cstr. as חֶמֶד; especially כלי ח׳ Hosea 13:15; Nahum 2:10; Jeremiah 25:34; II Chronicles 32:27; II Chronicles 36:10; Daniel 11:8; שְׂכִיּוֹת ח׳ Isaiah 2:16, אֶרֶץ ח׳ Psalms 106:24; Jeremiah 3:19; Zechariah 7:14, cf. חֶלְקַת ח׳ Jeremiah 12:10; בתי ח׳ Ezekiel 26:12; ח׳ נשׁים Daniel 11:37, appar. ref. to some obj. of idolatrous worship, perhaps Adonis = Tammuz Ew Bev (Astarte, Meinh).

חֶמְדָּן

n.pr.m. an Edomite Genesis 36:26 𝔊 Αμαδα = חַמְרָן I Chronicles 1:41 (𝔊 Εμερων, 𝔊L Αμαδαμ).

חָם³

n.m. husband’s father (NH id., of husband’s or wife’s father, so Aramaic חֲמָא; Arabic حَمٌّ husband’s male relation (father, brother, paternal uncle), but also wife’s father, etc.; Ethiopic ሐም Assyrian emu, Zim^{BP 48});—only sf. חָמִ֫יךָ Genesis 38:13, Genesis 38:25, of Judah as Tamar’s father-in-law; חָמִ֫יהָ I Samuel 4:19, I Samuel 4:21 of Eli, father-in-law of Phinehas’ wife.

חוֹמָה²

n.f. wall (as protection; cstr. חמת MI^21.21)—abs. ח׳ Leviticus 25:29 + 59 times (incl. לְהַחוֹמָה Nehemiah 12:38); חֹמָה Exodus 14:29 + 8 times; cstr. חוֹמַת Joshua 6:5 + 28 times; sf. חוֹמָתָהּ Nahum 2:6; Nahum 3:8; pl. abs. חוֹמוֹת II Chronicles 8:5; Isaiah 26:1; חֹמוֹת Song of Songs 5:7; cstr. חוֹמוֹת Psalms 51:20; חוֹמֹת II Kings 25:10 + 9 times; sf. חוֹמֹתַי Isaiah 56:5; חֹמֹתֶיךָ Deuteronomy 28:52; Isaiah 25:12; חוֹמוֹתַיִךְ Ezekiel 26:10, Ezekiel 26:12; Ezekiel 27:11^(×2); חוֹמֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 49:16 + 2 times; חֹמֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 60:10; חֹמוֹתָ֑יִךְ Ezekiel 26:9; חוֹמוֹתֶיהָ Jeremiah 50:15; חוֹמֹתֶיהָ Psalms 55:11; Jeremiah 1:15; du. חוֹמֹתַיִם Isaiah 22:11; חֹמֹתַיִם II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 52:7; חֹמֹתָ֑ים Jeremiah 39:4 (v. Ol^{§ 113 a} Ges^{§ 87 s});—

usually term for wall of city Deuteronomy 28:52; Joshua 2:15; Joshua 6:5, Joshua 6:20 (all JE), I Samuel 31:10, I Samuel 31:12; II Samuel 11:20, II Samuel 11:21^(×2) II Kings 18:26, II Kings 18:27 = Isaiah 36:11, Isaiah 36:12, Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10, Amos 1:14; Isaiah 2:15; Isaiah 22:10, Isaiah 22:11; Isaiah 25:12; Nahum 2:6; Nahum 3:8; Ezekiel 26:9 +, Jeremiah 1:15 +, Joel 2:7, Joel 2:9; בֵּין הַחֹמֹתַיִם (of Jerus.) i.e. between the two walls of the Ophel and the SW. hill respectively, of a reservoir Isaiah 22:11, a gate II Kings 25:4 = Jeremiah 34:4 = Jeremiah 52:7; symbol of Isr.; Amos 7:7; II Chronicles 8:5; II Chronicles 14:6; II Chronicles 25:23; II Chronicles 26:6^(×3) Psalms 51:20; Nehemiah 1:3 + 31 times in Ne; חוֹמַת אֲנָךְ Amos 7:7 (lit. wall of a plummet) is of doubtful meaning: a wall built plumb, or by means of a plumb-line? We thinks unintelligible; עִיר חוֹמָה = walled city, Leviticus 25:29, עִיר אשׁר לֹא ה׳ v Leviticus 25:30 (לֹא = לוֹ), opp. הַחֲצֵרִים אשׁר אין להם ח׳ v Leviticus 25:31 (all H); more elaborately עָרִים בְּצֻרֹת ח׳ גְבֹהָה דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ Deuteronomy 3:5, cf. II Chronicles 8:5; ע׳ גְּדֹלוֹת חוֹמָה וּבְרִיחַ נְחֹשֶׁת I Kings 4:13; ח׳ בְצוּרָה Isaiah 2:15; ח׳ sg. of wall of Jerus. I Kings 3:1 + often; contempt. חוֹמַת אַבְנֵיהֶם Nehemiah 3:35; less often pl. Nehemiah 2:13 +; of specific portions of wall ח׳ הָעֹפֶל II Chronicles 27:3; Nehemiah 3:27; ח׳ בְּרֵכַת הַשֶּׁלַה Nehemiah 3:15; הַח׳ הָֽרְחָבָה Nehemiah 3:8; Nehemiah 12:38; also (generally) of Babylon Jeremiah 51:58.—Men build, בנה, the ח׳ I Kings 9:15 +, especially (of rebuilding), Nehemiah 2:17 +; fortify it בִּצֵּר Isaiah 22:10; it is joined together קשׁר Nehemiah 3:38; is repaired עָֽלְתָה אֲרוּכָה לְח׳ Nehemiah 4:1; it falls נפל Joshua 6:5, Joshua 6:20; I Kings 20:30; Ezekiel 38:20; the enemy makes it fall הִפִּיל II Samuel 20:15 (preceded by מַשְׁחִית si vera l., v. Dr); destroys it הִשְׁחִית Lamentations 2:8; שִׁחֵת Ezekiel 26:4; makes a breach in it פָּרַץ בּ׳ II Kings 14:13 = II Chronicles 25:23, cf. פרץ c. acc. II Chronicles 26:6; Nehemiah 3:35, and וַיִּבֶן אֶת־בל־הח׳ הַפְּרוּצָה II Chronicles 32:5; also (in sim.) עִיר פְּרוּצָה ואין ח׳ Proverbs 25:28; and Pu. pt. מְפֹרָ֑צֶת Nehemiah 1:3; one breaks it down נָתַץ II Kings 25:10; II Chronicles 36:19; Jeremiah 39:8; Jeremiah 52:14; tears it down הָרַס Ezekiel 26:12, cf. pass. Jeremiah 50:15; Amos predicts that י׳ will send fire into wall (of Gaza, etc.): וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ Amos 1:7, Amos 1:10; or kindle fire in וְהִצַּתִּי אֵשׁ בְּח׳ v Amos 1:14, so Jeremiah 49:27.

wall of a building:

citadel, fortress ח׳ ארמנותיה Lamentations 2:7.

surrounding new temple Ezekiel 40:5; Ezekiel 42:20.

fig. of waters of Red Sea Exodus 14:22, Exodus 14:29 (P), cf. Nahum 3:8; of David’s men as protectors of Nabal’s shepherds I Samuel 25:16; of prophet as object of assault חוֹמַת נְחשֶׁת Jeremiah 1:18; ח׳ נחשׁת בְּצוּרָה Jeremiah 15:20; of strong, virtuous woman Song of Songs 8:9, Song of Songs 8:10; of salvation, יְשׁוּעָה, as defence Isaiah 26:1 (‖ חֵל); of י׳ himself ח׳ אֵשׁ Zechariah 2:9; a dangerous polit. scheme is called breach in ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה Isaiah 30:13; ח׳ נִשְׂגָּבָה in sim. of wealth Proverbs 18:11 (‖ קִרְיַת עֻזּוֹ); a reckless man is עִיר פְּרוּצָה אֵין ח׳ Proverbs 25:28.

חֲמוּטַל

Qr, חמיטל Kt, n.pr.f. (meaning dub.; perhaps, if Kt right, my husband’s father is the dew, cf. אֲבִיטַל)—𝔊 Αμειται, Μιτατ; A Αμιταλ, Αμιταθ; 𝔊L Αμιταλ;—mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah II Kings 23:31; II Kings 24:18 Qr (Kt חמיטל) = Jeremiah 52:1 Qr (Kt id.)

חֵמָה

wrath, v. sub יחם; חֵמָה Job 29:6, v. חֶמְאָה; חַמָּה, חַמָּן, חַמּוֹן, חַמַּת v. sub חמם.

חַמּוּאֵל

n.pr.m. v. sub חמם.

חֲמִיטַל

v. חמוטל supr.

חָמַל

vb. spare (Arabic حَمَلَ is bear, become responsible; Aramaic ܚܡܰܠ comportavit, congessit);—

Pf. ח׳ I Samuel 15:15 + 3 times; חָמָ֑ל II Samuel 12:6; Lamentations 2:17; חָמָ֑לְתָּ Lamentations 2:21; Lamentations 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Malachi 3:17; Impf. יַחְמֹל Job 16:13 + 6 times; יַחְמוֹל Job 6:10 + 3 times; וַיַּחְמֹל I Samuel 15:9 + 3 times; 3 fs. וַתַּחְמֹל Exodus 2:6; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹל Deuteronomy 13:9 I Samuel 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Jeremiah 13:14 + 4 times; וָאֶחְמֹל Ezekiel 36:21; יַחְמֹ֑לוּ Isaiah 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Jeremiah 50:14; Jeremiah 51:3; תַּחְמֹ֑לוּ Ezekiel 9:5; Inf. cstr. חֻמְלָה Ezekiel 16:5 (Ges^{§ 45. 1. b});—spare, have compassion, c. על Exodus 2:6 (E), I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:9, I Samuel 15:15; I Samuel 23:21; II Samuel 21:7; II Chronicles 36:15, II Chronicles 36:17; Jeremiah 15:5; Ezekiel 16:5; Ezekiel 36:21; Job 20:13; Zechariah 11:5, Zechariah 11:6; Malachi 3:17^(×2) Joel 2:18; Deuteronomy 13:9 (‖ חוס sq. על), Jeremiah 21:7 (‖ חוס sq. על + רתם), Ezekiel 9:10 (‖ חוס sq. על according to 𝔖 𝔗 Co); sq. אֶל־ Jeremiah 51:3; Isaiah 9:18; note poet. אַל־תַּחְ׳ אֶל־חֵץ = spare no arrow Jeremiah 50:14; sq. Inf. II Samuel 12:4; abs. II Samuel 12:6; Isaiah 30:14; Lamentations 2:17, Lamentations 2:21, also v Lamentations 2:2 where appar. sq. acc., Lamentations 3:43; Job 6:10; Job 16:13; Job 27:22; Proverbs 6:34; Habakkuk 1:17; ‖ חוס Ezekiel 5:11; Ezekiel 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v Ezekiel 7:9), Ezekiel 7:9; Ezekiel 8:18; Ezekiel 9:5; Jeremiah 13:14 (‖ אחוס and ארחם).

חֻמְלָה

v. חמל Inf.

חָמַם

vb. be or become warm (NH id., Pi., make warm, Aramaic ܚܰܡ, חֲמַם be warm; Arabic حَمَّ become hot, of water; also heat, kindle fire in)—

Pf. חַם Psalms 39:4; Exodus 16:21; וְחַם consec. I Kings 1:2; Ecclesiastes 4:11; חַמּוֹתִ֫י Isaiah 44:16; Impf. יָחֹם Isaiah 44:16; וַיָּ֫חָם II Kings 4:34; Isaiah 44:15; יִחַם (יֵ K³) I Kings 1:1; יֵחַם Deuteronomy 19:6; יֵחָ֑ם Ecclesiastes 4:11; 3 fs. תֵּחַם Ezekiel 24:11; יֵחַמּוּ Hosea 7:7; וַיֶּחֱמוּ Genesis 30:29; וַיֵּחַמְנָה v Genesis 30:38 (last seven forms could be also from יחם q.v.; but no decisive evidence that this √ is used in Qal; they are placed under חמם by Thes Ew^{§ 193 a} Ol^{§ 243 b}; v. also Kö^{i. 365, 417 ff.}, who on account of יחם Pi. Inf. Genesis 30:41; Genesis 31:10, der. last two, needlessly, from יחם); Inf. לַחְמָם Isaiah 47:14, cf. Job 30:4 (where, however, ל׳ is from לֶחֶם Mich Di unles (Luzz Che) we read לְחַמֵּם Pi. Inf. in both); חֹם I Samuel 11:9; Haggai 1:6; Nehemiah 7:3; sf. חֻמּוֹ Job 6:17; חֻמָּם Jeremiah 51:39;—

lit., be or grow warm Exodus 16:21 (P; subj. שֶׁמֶשׁ), cf. I Samuel 11:9; Nehemiah 7:3 and Job 6:17 (sf. of impers. subj.); from fire Isaiah 44:15, Isaiah 44:16^(×2) Isaiah 47:14 (cf. supr.); natural heat I Kings 1:1, I Kings 1:2 (by personal contact), so II Kings 4:34; Ecclesiastes 4:11^(×2), from clothing Haggai 1:6; of Jerusalem under fig. of pot or caldron Ezekiel 24:11.

fig., subj. לִבִּי Psalms 39:4 (‖ בַּהֲגִיגִי תִבְעַר־אֵשׁ), cf. Deuteronomy 19:6; of conspirators Hosea 7:7; Chaldeans Jeremiah 51:39.

of heat in conception (animals) Genesis 30:38, Genesis 30:39 (cf. יחם).

Pt. נֵחָמִים באלים Isaiah 57:5 (Kö^i.371), inflame oneself with, of idolatry.

Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַמֵּם Job 39:14 keep eggs warm (of ostrich).

Impf. יִתְחַמָּם warm oneself Job 31:20 מִגֵּז כְּבָשִׂים by means of fleece of sheep.

חֹם²

n.m.^{Jeremiah 17:8} heat;—חֹם abs. Genesis 8:22 + 3 times + I Samuel 21:7 (v. infrom); cstr. Genesis 18:1 + 3 times; of heat of (mid-)day חֹם היום Genesis 18:1 (J), I Samuel 11:11; II Samuel 4:5; in promise of regular seasons Genesis 8:22 (opp. קֹר); cf. Isaiah 18:4^(×2) (ח׳ קָצִיר); but as dangerous to plant-life Jeremiah 17:8; it melts snow Job 24:19; לֶחֶם חֹם I Samuel 21:7 bread of heat = hot bread, read perhaps ל׳ חָם (as Joshua 9:12).

חַם²

adj. hot;—לחם חָ֞ם Joshua 9:12 hot bread (JE), i.e. freshly baked; בגדים חַמִּים Job 37:17 of garments heated by south wind.—1. חָם v. supr. p. 325. 2. חָם v. sub חמה.

חַמָּה

n.f. heat, sun (poet.)—חַמָּה Isaiah 24:23 + 4 times; חַמָּתוֹ Psalms 19:7;—

heat of sun Psalms 19:7.

= sun Job 30:28; ‖ לְבָנָה moon Isaiah 24:23; Isaiah 30:26^(×2) Song of Songs 6:10.

חַמּוֹן

n.pr.loc. (hot spring?)—

town in Asher Joshua 19:28.

in Naphtali I Chronicles 6:61 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמַּת דֹּאר, v. Be and Di Joshua 19:35).

חַמֹּת דֹּאר

n.pr.loc. in Naphtali, Levitical city Joshua 21:32 (perhaps = 1. חַמַּת, חַמּוֹן 2 v. Di), 𝔊 Νεμμαθ, A Εμαθδωρ, 𝔊L Αμαθδωρ.

חַמּוּאֵל²

n.pr.m. (meaning? comp. Sab. חמא[ל] Hal²¹⁵)—a Simeonite I Chronicles 4:26 𝔊L Αμουηλ.

חָמַס

vb. treat violenty, wrong (NH id., act violently, treat violently; Aramaic חֲמַס (rare) violently seize; Arabic حَمِسَ is be hard, strict, rigorous)—

Pf. 3 pl. חָֽמְסוּ Ezekiel 22:26; Zephaniah 3:4; Impf. יַחְמֹס Job 15:33, וַיַּחְמֹם Lamentations 2:6; תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Job 21:27; Jeremiah 22:3; Pt. חֹמֵס Proverbs 8:36;—treat violently, wrong;—

of physical wrong: תַּחְ׳ Jeremiah 22:3 (‖ תֹּנוּ) of wrong to widows and orphans; וַיַּח׳ כַּגַּן שֻׂכּוֹ Lamentations 2:6 and hath done violence to his pavilion as to a garden (‖ שִׁחֵת מֹעֲדוֹ); so, fig., of vine, wrong, i.e. fail to nourish, kill יַח׳ כַּגֶּפֶן בִּסְרוֹ Job 15:33.

of ethical wrong, obj. תּוֹרָה Zephaniah 3:4; Ezekiel 22:26 (both ‖ חִלֵּל קֹדֶשׁ); cf. מְזִמּוֹת עָלַי תַּחְמֹ֑סוּ Job 21:27 the devices (wherewith) ye do me violence.

both physical and ethical חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ Proverbs 8:36.

Pf. 3 pl. נֶחְמְסוּ Jeremiah 13:22 thy heels suffer violence (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ).

חָמָס

n.m. ^{Psalms 7:17} violence, wrong—abs. ח׳ Genesis 6:11 + 44 times; cstr. חֲמַס Judges 9:24 + 7 times; sf. חֲמָסִי Genesis 16:5; Jeremiah 51:35 (in both = wrong done to me); חֲמָסוֹ Psalms 7:17; pl. חֲמָסִים II Samuel 22:49 + 3 times;—violence specif. of physical violence Judges 9:24; II Samuel 22:3 (not ‖ Psalms 18:3), Ob¹⁰, Habakkuk 1:9; Jeremiah 51:35 (of Chaldeans), Habakkuk 2:8, Habakkuk 2:17^(×2) Joel 4:19 Psalms 72:14; but also wrong, incl. injurious language, harsh treatment, etc. Genesis 16:5 (J, of wrong done to Sarah by Hagar), Job 19:7 Malachi 2:16; in gen. of rude wickedness of men, their noisy, wild, ruthlessness Micah 6:12 Habakkuk 1:2; Zephaniah 1:9 Proverbs 10:6, Proverbs 10:11; Proverbs 13:2; Proverbs 26:6 + Ezekiel 7:11 (si vera l., v. Co), ‖ שֹׁד Amos 3:10; Habakkuk 1:3; Jeremiah 6:7; Jeremiah 20:8; Ezekiel 45:9; Isaiah 60:18, ‖ רִיב Psalms 55:10, ‖ עָמָל Psalms 7:17, ‖ גַּאֲוָה Psalms 73:6, אֹהֵב ח׳ Psalms 11:5 (‖ רָשָׁע), denied, of servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:9, ח׳ בארץ Jeremiah 51:46, cf. Genesis 6:11, Genesis 6:13 (P), Ezekiel 8:17; Ezekiel 12:19; מָֽלְאוּ מַחֲשַׁכֵּי־אֶרֶץ נְאוֹת ח׳ Psalms 74:20, הָעִיר מָֽלְאָה ח׳ Ezekiel 7:23; Ezekiel 28:16, שֶׁבֶת ח׳ Amos 6:3 is (prob.) enthronement of violence; כְּלֵי ח׳ Genesis 49:5 (poem) instruments, weapons, of violence;—other phrases are: ח׳ בְּיָדַיִם Jonah 3:8; I Chronicles 12:17, cf. Job 16:17, ח׳ יְדֵיכֶם Psalms 58:3 and פֹּעַל ח׳ בְּכַפֵּיהֶם Isaiah 59:6; עֵד ח׳ i.e. a witness that promotes violence and wrong Exodus 23:1 (JE), Deuteronomy 19:16, עֵדֵי ח׳ Psalms 35:11; עֵדֵי שֶׁקֶר וִיפֵחַ חָמָס Psalms 27:12; שׂנאת ח׳ Psalms 25:19 = hatred characterized by violence; אִישׁ חָמָס = violent man Psalms 18:49 (II Samuel 22:49 has the later א׳ חמסים, cf. infr.) Psalms 140:12 Proverbs 3:31; Proverbs 16:29; אישׁ חמסים (later) Psalms 140:2, Psalms 140:5; II Samuel 22:49; יֵין חֲמָסִים Proverbs 4:17 i.e. wine gained by violence (‖ לֶחֶם רֶשַׁע).

חָמֵץ

vb. be sour, leavened (NH id., Pi. Hiph. make sour, leaven; Arabic حَمُضَ be sour; Aramaic חֲמַע be sour, leavened, ܚܡܰܥ, be leavened)—

Pf. חָמֵץ Exodus 12:39; Impf. יֶחְמָ֑ץ Exodus 12:34; Inf. sf. חֻמְצָתוֹ Hosea 7:4;—be leavened, of dough (בָּצֵק), Exodus 12:34, Exodus 12:39 (E), cf. Hosea 7:4.

be soured, embittered, Psalms 73:21 (‖ כִּלְיוֹתַי אֶשְׁתּוֹנָן).

חָמֵץ²

n.m. ^{Exodus 13:3} that which is leavened—ח׳ Exodus 12:15 + 10 times—forbidden at Passover Exodus 12:15 (P), Exodus 13:3, Exodus 13:7 (JE), Deuteronomy 16:3, in all sacrifices Exodus 23:18; Exodus 34:25 (both JE); cf. Amos 4:5; Leviticus 2:11; Leviticus 6:10 (P; appos.); exceptions are לֶחֶם ח׳ of peace-offering Leviticus 7:13 (P), and the wave-loaves (ח׳ appos.) Leviticus 23:17 (H).—v. RS^{Sem 203 OTJC 2, 345}.

חֹ֫מֶץ

n.m. vinegar—ח׳ abs. Proverbs 10:26 + 3 times; cstr. Numbers 6:3^(×2);—a common condiment Ruth 2:14, forbidden to Nazirite (ח׳ יין and ח׳ שֵׁכָר) Numbers 6:3^(×2) (P), offered (in cruelty) to a thirsty man Psalms 69:22 (fig. for harshness, lack of sympathy); in sim. of sluggard כַּחֹמֶץ לַשִּׁנַּיִם Proverbs 10:26, ח׳ עַל־נָ֑תֶר Proverbs 25:20 vinegar on nitre (sim. of merry songs for the heavy-hearted).

חָמִיץ

adj. seasoned (viz. with salt, or a salt herb—Arabic حَمْضٌ, Pun. Ἀμουτ [= חמוץ] Blau^{ZMG 1873, 522}; v. Thes—rendering it more tasty), of provender for cattle בְּלִיל חָמִיץ יֹאכֵ֑לוּ Isaiah 30:24.

חָמוֹץ

n.[m.] coll. the ruthless—only אַשְּׁרוּ ח׳ Isaiah 1:17 set right the ruthless, so Hi Ew Kn De Che Di; Vrss give passive (perhaps חָמוּץ) hence AV relieve the oppressed; but on form חָמוֹץ = doer of action v. Ew^{§ 152 b}.

חָמַק

vb. turn away (intr.)—

Pf. 3 ms. וְדוֹדִי ח׳ עָכָ֑ר Song of Songs 5:6 and my beloved had turned away, passed on.

Impf. 2 fs. עַד־מָתַי תִּתְחַמָּקִין הַבַּת הַשּׁוֹבֵבָה Jeremiah 31:22 turn hither and thither, v. Gf VB.

חָמַר

vb. ferment, boil or foam up (Arabic خَمَرَ ferment, leaven, خُمْرَةٌ, خَمِيرَةٌ, n. leaven; v. Lag^{BN 207});—

Pf. 3 ms. וְיַיִן ח׳ Psalms 75:9 and wine which foams, (others from IV. חמר be red); 3 pl. חָֽמְרוּ is suggested by We as poss. Habakkuk 3:15 (for MT חֹמֶר q.v.) the great waters foamed; Impf. 3 mpl. יֶהֱמוּ יֶחְמְרוּ מֵימָיו Psalms 46:4 let its water roar and foam. Peʿalʿal Pf. pass. 3 pl. מֵעַי חֳמַרְמָ֑רוּ Lamentations 1:20 my bowels are in a ferment (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ לִבִּי), of distress at calamities of Jerus.; so חֳמַרְמְרוּ מֵעַי Lamentations 2:11.—Job 16:16 v. IV. חמר.

חֶ֫מֶר

n.[m.] wine (poet.) (Aramaic ܚܰܡܪܳܐ, חַמְרָא; Arabic خَمْرٌ, v. Lag^{BN 207})—וְדַם־עֵנָב תִּשְׁתֶּה־חָ֑מֶר Deuteronomy 32:14; כֶּרֶם חֶמֶר Isaiah 27:2, but read here כֶּרֶם חֶמֶד (v. הֶמֶד).

חֵמָר

n.[m.] bitumen, asphalt (from I. חמר according to OBlau^{ZMG 1869, 279}, bitumen as seething, swelling up; Thes MV, from IV. חמר, with ref. to reddish-brown colour)—חֵמָר Genesis 11:3 + 2 times; used for cement in building Babel Genesis 11:3 (J); abounding in vale of Siddim בֶּאֱרֹת בֶּאֱרֹת ח׳ Genesis 14:10; used in coating Moses’ ‘ark’ of bulrushes Exodus 2:3 (E; ‖ זָ֑פֶת).

חֹ֫מֶר

n.m. cement, mortar, clay;—ח׳ abs. Genesis 11:3 + 13 times; cstr. Isaiah 10:6 + 2 times;—

mortar, cement for holding building-stones (brick) together Genesis 11:3 (J), Exodus 1:14 (P; both ‖ לְבֵנִים); Nahum 3:14 (‖ טיט).

clay:

as material of vessels Jeremiah 18:4, Jeremiah 18:6, ח׳ היצר Isaiah 29:16, in sim. of God’s fashioning man Isaiah 45:9; Isaiah 64:7; Job 10:9; as material of human bodies בָּתֵּי ח׳ Job 4:19 cf. Job 33:6; as material of bulwarks (disparagingly) Job 13:12; ח׳ חותם = seal-clay i.e. clay upon which seal is pressed.

= mire ח׳ חוצות Isaiah 10:6; הֹרַנִי לַח׳ Job 30:19 he hath cast me into the mire, i.e. deeply humiliated me (עָפָר and אֵפֶר in ‖ cl.); as sim. of commonness, abundance Job 27:16 (‖ עָפָר); Isaiah 41:25.

חָמַר²

vb.denom. cover or smear with asphalt, only

Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתַּחְמְרָה Exodus 2:3 (E); on form of sf. v. Ges^{§ 58, 3, R. 1}.

חֹ֫מֶר²

n.[m.] heap (cf. i. חֲמוֹר)—ח׳ cstr. ח׳ מַיִם רַבִּים Habakkuk 3:15 a heap of great waters (‖ יָם)—but text dub., v. I. חמר; pl. חֳמָרִים חֳמָרִים Exodus 8:10 (J), of dead frogs gathered in heaps.

חֹ֫מֶר³

n.m. homer, a dry measure (perhaps from above √, but dub.; cf. Assyrian amâru, surround, contain, ii. R Exodus 36:19 a. b Strm⁴⁷⁶⁰, imêru, a measure Zim^{BP 6 n})—ח׳ abs. Isaiah 5:10 + 5 times Ez; cstr. Hosea 3:2 + 3 times; pl. הֳמָרִים Numbers 11:32;—ח׳ of barley Hosea 3:2; Ezekiel 45:13, cf. זֶרַע ח׳ שְׂעֹרִים Leviticus 27:16 i.e. land on which a ח׳ of barley seed was sown (taxed at 50 shekels); ח׳ of wheat Ezekiel 45:13; in gen. זֶרַע ח׳ Isaiah 5:10; = 10 ephahs (or baths, v. בַּת sub בתת) Ezekiel 45:11^(×3), Ezekiel 45:14^(×2) (in v Ezekiel 45:14 del. Co); on actual size of ח׳, = 393.9 litres, v. Hultzsch ^{Metrol. 2nd ed. 448, 452 f.}. See further ii. בַּת and reff., Benz^{Arch. 183 f.} Now^{Arch. i, 203 f.}

חֲמוֹר

n.[m.] heap, abs. ח׳ with du. חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם (Baer חֲמֹרֹת׳), as if from חֲמֹרָה;—בִּלְחִי הַחֲמוֹר חֲמוֹר חֲמֹרָתָ֑יִם Judges 15:16 with the ass’s jawbone, a heap, two heaps, i.e. so many slain.

חֲמוֹר²

n.m. ^{Genesis 45:23} (he)-ass (NH id. (sometimes female, but this regularly חֲמוֹרָה); Aramaic חֲמָרָא, ܚܡܳܪܳܐ; Arabic حِمَارٌ, Palm. חמרא Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 404}; Assyrian imêru, Schr^{COT Gloss.};—name from reddish colour)—abs. חֲמוֹר Genesis 22:5 + 43 times; חֲמֹר Exodus 13:13 Deuteronomy 22:10; cstr. חֲמוֹר Exodus 23:5 + 4 times; חֲמֹר Genesis 49:14; sf. חֲמֹרְךָ Deuteronomy 5:14; Deuteronomy 28:31; חֲמֹרֶ֑ךָ Exodus 23:12; חֲמֹרוֹ Genesis 22:3 + 8 times; pl. חֲמוֹרִים Judges 19:10 + 9 times; חֲמֹרִים Genesis 12:16 + 16 times; sf. חֲמוֹרֵינוּ Judges 19:19; חֲמֹרֵינוּ Genesis 43:18; חֲמוֹרֵיכֶם I Samuel 8:16; חֲמֹרֵיהֶם Genesis 34:28 + 4 times; חֲמוֹרֵיהֶם Joshua 9:4;—ass (he-ass; אתון = she-ass) found in all periods (coll. only Genesis 32:6 Isaiah 21:7);—

as (valuable) property, with oxen, sheep, camels, slaves, etc. Genesis 12:16; Genesis 24:35; Genesis 30:43; Genesis 47:17 Exodus 9:3 (all J) Exodus 20:14 (E), Exodus 21:23; Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:9; Exodus 23:4, Exodus 23:5, Exodus 23:12; Numbers 16:15; Joshua 6:21; Joshua 7:24 (all JE); note also Exodus 13:13 = Exodus 34:20 (JE; firstlings belongs to י׳); Genesis 36:24; Numbers 31:28, Numbers 31:30, Numbers 31:34, Numbers 31:39, Numbers 31:45 (all P); Deuteronomy 5:14, Deuteronomy 5:17; Deuteronomy 22:3, Deuteronomy 22:4; Deuteronomy 28:31; Judges 6:4; I Samuel 8:16; I Samuel 12:3; I Samuel 15:3; I Samuel 22:19; I Samuel 27:9; I Chronicles 5:21 Ezra 2:67 = Nehemiah 7:67 (Baer), Zechariah 14:15; coll. Genesis 32:5 (J; ‖ שׁוֹר, צֹאן, עֶבֶד, שִׁפְחָה), but pl. (similar ‖) Genesis 34:28 (P), Genesis 47:17 (J); cf. also ח׳ יְתוֹמִים Genesis 24:3 the orphans’ ass (‖ שׁוֹר אַלְמָנָה); as knowing its master’s crib Isaiah 1:3 (‖ שׁוֹר); found in camp II Kings 7:7, II Kings 7:10 (both ‖ סוּסִים); as harnessed מֶתֶג לַח׳ Proverbs 26:3 (‖ סוּם).

used for riding:

by women Exodus 4:20 (J), Joshua 15:18 (JE) = Judges 1:14; I Samuel 25:20, I Samuel 25:23, I Samuel 25:42, cf. II Chronicles 28:15.

by men II Samuel 16:2; II Samuel 17:23; II Samuel 19:27; I Kings 2:40; I Kings 13:13^(×2), I Kings 13:23, I Kings 13:24, I Kings 13:27, I Kings 13:28^(×2) Isaiah 21:7; Zechariah 9:9.

צֶמֶד חמורים a pair of asses II Samuel 16:1 (for burdens and for riding); for man and woman Judges 19:3, Judges 19:10, Judges 19:19, Judges 19:21; carrying dead body v Judges 19:28, cf. ח׳ I Kings 13:29.

beast of burden Genesis 22:3, Genesis 22:5 (cf. v Genesis 22:6), Genesis 42:26, Genesis 42:27; Genesis 45:23 (all E) Genesis 43:18, Genesis 43:24; Genesis 44:3, Genesis 44:13 (all J), Joshua 9:4 (JE), I Samuel 25:18; I Chronicles 12:41; Nehemiah 13:15 (cf. also צֶמֶד ח׳ II Samuel 16:1 supr.); metaph. of Issachar ח׳ גָּ֑רֶם Genesis 49:14 (poem), an ass of (strong) bones.—ח׳ לֶחֶם I Samuel 16:20 read prob. חֲמִשָּׁה five, or better עֲשָׂרָה ten, v. We Dr.

used in tillage Isaiah 32:20; not to be used in ploughing with an ox (שׁוֹר) Deuteronomy 22:10.

parts of body of ass mentioned are: לְחִי ח׳ Judges 15:15, Judges 15:16 jawbone, Samson’s weapon; רֹאשׁ ח׳ II Kings 6:25 eaten in famine; בְּשַׂר ח׳ Ezekiel 23:20 genital organ of ass (contempt. sim.)

קְבוּרַת ח׳ Jeremiah 22:19 burial of an ass, in fig. of ignominious treatment of a corpse. Also she-ass II Samuel 19:27 (cf. Mishn. AZ. vi).

חֲמוֹר³

n.pr.m. father of Shechem (he-ass; v. RS^{K 220; Sem i. 449})—Genesis 33:19; Genesis 34:2, Genesis 34:4, Genesis 34:6, Genesis 34:8, Genesis 34:13, Genesis 34:18^(×2), Genesis 34:20, Genesis 34:24, Genesis 34:26; Joshua 24:32; Judges 9:28.

חַמְרָן

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 1:41 (= חֶמְדָּן Genesis 36:26 q.v.)

חָמֵשׁ

n.m. and f. five (NH id., id.; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Ph. חמשת; Palm. חמשא, c. n. masc., Reckendorf^{ZMG 1888, 408}; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Dl^{§ 75}; Ethiopic ኀምስ, ኀምስቱ Arabic خَمْسٌ, خَمْسَةٌ; Sab. & Liḥyân. חֿמס DHM^{ZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73});—m. (c. n.f.) abs. חָמֵשׁ Genesis 5:6 + 94 times + Ezekiel 40:30 (del. 𝔊B Hi-Sm Co; Co del. also in v Ezekiel 40:25, Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, Ezekiel 40:36) + Ezekiel 45:3 Kt (where read f. with Qr); cstr. חֲמֵשׁ Genesis 5:10 + 67 times + Ezekiel 48:16 Kt; f. (c. n.m.) abs. חֲמִשָּׁה v. Lag^{BN 80} Genesis 18:28 + 139 times (incl. Ezekiel 8:16 del. B Co al.); cstr. חֲמֵשֶׁת Numbers 3:47^(×2) + 26 times;—on pl. חֲמִשִּׂים fifty, see below;—five, in Hex chiefly P;—

without other numeral:

חָמֵשׁ, before fpl. noun Genesis 43:34 + 35 times; before n. coll. ח׳ צאן I Samuel 25:18; v. also ח׳ בָּאַמָּה five in cubit(s) = five cubits I Kings 7:23; I Chronicles 11:23; II Chronicles 4:2; after noun (late) II Kings 8:16 (בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ לְיוֹרָם = in the fifth year) + 6 times Ch; no noun expr. I Kings 7:39^(×2), I Kings 7:49^(×2) I Chronicles 3:20; II Chronicles 4:7^(×2).

חֲמִשָּׁה before mpl. noun Genesis 47:2 + 18 times; after noun Exodus 36:38 + 36 times Nu (all P); no noun expr. Genesis 14:9 (only here c. art.) + 20 times

חֲמֵשׁ before noun (usually defined; except מֵאוֹת, אֲלָפִים, v. 3, 4) Exodus 26:3, Exodus 26:9; Exodus 36:10, Exodus 36:16 + Ezekiel 42:16 ח׳ אַמּוֹת Kt, but Qr ח׳ מאות, v. infr.

חֲמֵשֶׁת חַמְּלָכִים Joshua 10:5 + 5 times; \ Judges 18:7, Judges 18:14, Judges 18:17; ח׳ שׁקלים Numbers 18:16; also, distrib., ח׳ ח׳ שְׁקָלִים Numbers 3:47; ח׳ הַסְּרָנִים Joshua 13:3; Judges 3:3; I Samuel 6:18; ח׳ בני מ׳ II Samuel 21:8.

= ordinal, בִּשְׁנַת חָמֵשׁ ליורם II Kings 8:16 the fifth (year) of Joram; בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ on the fifth (day) of the month Ezekiel 1:1, Ezekiel 1:2; Ezekiel 8:1; Ezekiel 33:21; (so also 15th, 25th, etc.)

ח׳ combined with עשׂר, עשׂרה ten = fifteen:

חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה (c. n.f.) Genesis 5:10; Genesis 7:20; Exodus 27:14, Exodus 27:15; Exodus 38:14, Exodus 38:15; II Kings 14:17, II Kings 14:23; II Kings 20:6; II Chronicles 15:10; II Chronicles 25:25; Isaiah 38:5.

חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר (c. n.m.), (1) after noun Esther 9:21; (2) before noun Exodus 16:1 (= ordinal fifteenth, so Leviticus 23:6 +) Hosea 3:2 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר before n. II Samuel 19:18 +.

חֲמֵשֶׁת עָשָׂר, without n. = ordinal fifteenth I Chronicles 24:14 + 4 times + Ezekiel 45:12 (read חֲמִשִּׁים A Hi Co).

חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת = 500 Genesis 5:30, Genesis 5:32 + 49 times + Ezekiel 42:16 Qr

חֲמֵשֶׁת אֲלָפִים = 5000 Numbers 31:32; Joshua 8:12; Judges 20:45; I Samuel 17:5; Ezekiel 45:6; Ezekiel 48:15; I Chronicles 29:7; II Chronicles 35:9; Ezra 1:11; Ezra 2:69;—in 25,000, 35,000 etc. חֲמִשָּׁה (usually without א׳) precedes the 20,000, 30,000, etc.

with other numerals:

חָמֵשׁ before larger numeral: (1) noun repeated Genesis 5:6 + 4 times; (2) noun with 2nd num. only, Genesis 5:17 + 8 times + Ezekiel 45:3 Kt; (3) noun c. בְּ with 2nd num. Ezekiel 40:21 + 2 times

חָמֵשׁ after larger num.: (1) noun repeated Genesis 25:7; (2) noun foll. ח׳ (only) Judges 14:10 + (especially in expressions of age and duration); (3) noun before both num., st. abs., II Chronicles 3:15; st. cstr. II Chronicles 15:19.

no noun expr., ח׳ between other num., e.g. שֵׁשׁ מאות ח׳ ושׁבעים Numbers 31:37.

חֲמִשָּׁה before larger num., noun foll. larger num. Numbers 1:25 + 22 times

ח׳ follows, and (1) is foll. by noun Judges 20:35 + 7 times; (2) noun precedes both I Kings 7:3; Jeremiah 52:30.

ח׳ precedes, no noun expr. I Kings 5:12.

ח׳ follows, no noun expr. Genesis 18:28 +.

no noun expr. ח׳ between other num. Exodus 38:28; Ezra 2:5.

חֲמִשִּׁים

n.pl. (a) fifty (Arabic خَمْسُونَ Aramaic ܚܰܡܫܝܺܢ, Ph. חמשם; MI²⁸ חמשן; Assyrian ḫamšâti Dl in Lotz^{TP 80})—חֲמִשִּׁים Genesis 6:15 + 154 times (incl. Ezekiel 40:25, Ezekiel 40:29, Ezekiel 40:33, del. Co) + Ezekiel 45:12 (so read A Hi Co for חמשׁה); sf. חֲמִשֶּׁיךָ II Kings 1:10, II Kings 1:12, חֲמִשָּׁיו II Kings 1:9 + 4 times, חֲמִשֵּׁיהֶם II Kings 1:14;—

abs.

a fifty, a company of fifty Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:25 Deuteronomy 1:15; I Samuel 8:12; II Kings 1:9^(×2) + 13 times II Kings 1 (in v II Kings 1:14 = fifties) Isaiah 3:3.

elsewhere, without noun expr., (1) without other numeral Numbers 31:30, Numbers 31:47; Ezekiel 27:18^(×2) Haggai 2:16; (2) with other num. ח׳ preceding Exodus 30:23^(×2) + 11 times; + I Chronicles 12:34 Baer, van d. H. v I Chronicles 12:33 (sq. אלף); (3) ח׳ following Exodus 38:26 + 10 times; (4) ח׳ between other num. Numbers 1:23 + 23 times

חֲמִשִּׁים without other num.:

before noun Genesis 6:15 + 58 times + ח׳ בָּאַמָּה Exodus 38:12.

after noun II Samuel 24:24; Exodus 26:11 + 4 times Chr.

ח׳ before other num.:

foll. by noun Genesis 7:24 +.

preceded bynoun I Chronicles 5:21.

ח׳ after other num., and

this after noun I Chronicles 8:40; Ezra 8:3, Ezra 8:26.

noun repeated e.g. Genesis 9:28, Genesis 9:29.

ח׳ preceded by cstr. e.g. בִּשְׁנַת ח׳ שָׁנָה II Kings 15:23, II Kings 15:27; Leviticus 15:10, Leviticus 15:11.

ח׳ = ordinal, fiftieth Leviticus 25:10, Leviticus 25:11; II Kings 15:23, cf. v II Kings 15:27.

חֲמִישִׁי

m. חֲמִישִׁית f.adj.num.ordin. fifth;—m. חֲמִישִׁי Genesis 1:23 + 22 times; חֲמִשִׁי Zechariah 7:3 + 3 times; f. חֲמִישִׁית abs. I Kings 14:25 + 4 times; חֲמִשִׁית Leviticus 19:25; Jeremiah 36:9; חֲמִשִּׁית I Kings 6:31; cstr. חֲמִישִׁית Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19; sf. חֲמִישִׁתוֹ Leviticus 5:16 + 2 times; חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ Leviticus 22:14; Leviticus 27:31; חֲמִשִׁתוֹ Leviticus 27:27, cf. חֲמִשִׁתָיו Leviticus 5:24, read תוֹ- Sam. Di (q.v.);—fifth, usually in enum. days, months, years, sons, etc.; definite, except masc. Genesis 1:23; Genesis 30:17, fem. Genesis 47:24; 1 I Chronicles 6:31; Nehemiah 6:5;—

m. Genesis 1:23; Numbers 7:36; Numbers 29:26; Numbers 33:38; Joshua 19:24 (all P), Genesis 30:17 (E), Judges 19:8; II Kings 25:8 Jeremiah 1:3; Jeremiah 28:1; Jeremiah 52:12; Zechariah 7:3; I Chronicles 27:8 Ezra 7:8, Ezra 7:9; noun om. II Samuel 3:4; I Chronicles 2:14; I Chronicles 3:3; I Chronicles 8:2; I Chronicles 26:3, I Chronicles 26:4 (all of בֵּן), I Chronicles 24:9; I Chronicles 25:12 (גּוֹרָל), Zechariah 8:19 (חֹדֶשׁ), I Chronicles 27:8 (יוֹם).

f. Leviticus 19:25; I Kings 14:25 Jeremiah 36:9; Ezekiel 1:2; II Chronicles 12:2; פַּעַם ח׳ Nehemiah 6:5.

חֲמִשִּׁית I Kings 6:31 as subst. a fifth part, so חֲמִישִׁית Genesis 47:24; Leviticus 5:16, Leviticus 5:24; Leviticus 22:14; Leviticus 27:13, Leviticus 27:27, Leviticus 27:31; Numbers 5:7; cstr. חֲמִישִׁית כֶּסֶף Leviticus 27:15, Leviticus 27:19.

חֲמֻשִׁים

adj.pl. in battle array, always this form, Exodus 13:18 (E), Joshua 1:14; Joshua 4:12 (both D), Judges 7:11 + Numbers 32:17 (JE), v. חושׁ.

חֲמָת

n.pr.loc. (√ dub.; Thes MV al. der. from חָמָה, חֲמָת = fortress, or (v. RS^{Sem i, 140}), sacred enclosure, temenos, ḥimā, cf. Hal^{JAS 7 ème Sér. x, 392} Lag^{BN 82, 156}; but no certainty that name is Shemitic; Arabic حَمَاة, Assyrian Amattu, Dl^{PA 275 ff. Pr 174});—mod. Ḥamâ, on el-ʿÂṣi (Orontes), 38 h. (c. 115 m.) N. of Damascus, v. Bd^{Pal. 398 f.} It had a king, תֹּעִי, in David’s time II Samuel 8:9 = I Chronicles 18:9, and in 8th cent. b.c. II Kings 19:13 = Isaiah 37:13; gods of its own II Kings 17:30; II Kings 18:34 = Isaiah 36:19; gave its name to land (limits unknown) רִבְלָה בְּאֶרֶץ ח׳ II Kings 23:33; II Kings 25:21 Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9, Jeremiah 52:27, cf. II Chronicles 8:4; contained Isr. exiles Isaiah 11:11; furnished colonists for Samaria II Kings 17:24 (cf. v II Kings 17:30 supr.) after being conquered by Sargon, (COT II Kings 17:24; II Kings 18:34 cf. Isaiah 10:9). It is called great Hamath by Amos 6:2 (חֲמַת רַבָּה,—חֲמַת only here). ח׳ is mentioned with דַּמֶּשֶׂק, צֹר, צִידוֹן in prophecy against land Hadrach (חַדְרָךְ) Zechariah 9:2, cf. Jeremiah 49:23. Often in phr. לְבֹא ח׳ (עַד־) = the entrance to H., i.e. the approach to H., as territorial limit Judges 3:3; usually as denoting (ideal) northern limit of Isr. territory Joshua 13:5; Numbers 13:21; Numbers 24:8; Amos 6:14; I Kings 8:65 = II Chronicles 7:8, II Kings 14:25 I Chronicles 13:5; חֲמָ֑תָה I Chronicles 18:3; ח׳ צובָה II Chronicles 8:3, and הֵשִׁיב אֶת־דַּמֶּשֶׂק וְאֶת־ח׳ לִיחוּדָה II Kings 14:28; so also Ezekiel 47, Ezekiel 48: גְּבוּל ח׳ Ezekiel 47:17, cf. v Ezekiel 47:16 + v Ezekiel 47:16 (del. Co); לְבוֹא ח׳ Ezekiel 48:1, cf. Ezekiel 47:20; אֶל־יַד ח׳ Ezekiel 48:1.

חֵן

v. sub חנן.

חָנָה

vb. decline, bend down, encamp (Aramaic ܚܢܳܐ to aim at, incline towards, reach; Zinj. מחנת cstr. camp, Inscr. Panammu^{13, 16, 17}; Arabic حَنَا bend, curve, bend down; Assyrian mûnu, mênu and tênû couch, mânîtu, house, Zim^{BP 44, 45} Dl in Zim¹¹⁷)—

Pf. חָנָה I Samuel 26:5 Isaiah 29:1; וְחָנִ֫יתִי consec. Isaiah 29:3 Zechariah 9:8; חָנוּ Numbers 2:34 + 2 times; וְחָנוּ consec. Numbers 1:52; Impf. וַיִּחַן Genesis 26:17 + 9 times; 3 fs. תַּחֲנֶה Psalms 27:3; יַחֲנוּ Numbers 1:50 + 13 times Nu + Exodus 14:2: וַיַּחֲנוּ Exodus 13:20 + 79 times (of which 42 in Numbers 33); וַיַּחֲנוּן Judges 11:18; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנוּ Exodus 14:2; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲנֶה Ezra 8:15; Imv. חֲנֵה II Samuel 12:28; חֲנוּ Numbers 31:19; Jeremiah 50:29; Inf. חֲנוֹת Judges 19:9; חֲנֹת Numbers 1:51; sf. חֲנֹתֵנוּ Numbers 10:31; חֲנֹתְכֶם Deuteronomy 1:33; Pt. חֹנֶה Exodus 18:5 Psalms 34:8; f. חֹנָה II Samuel 23:13; I Chronicles 11:15; הֹנָ֑ךְ Psalms 53:6; pl. חֹנִים Exodus 14:9 + 11 times; חוֹנִים Numbers 2:2; Nahum 3:17;—

decline, of day drawing to its close חֲנוֹת הַיּוֹם Judges 19:9 (‖ רָפָה הַיּ׳ לַעֲרוֹב; also נְטוֹת הַיּ׳ v Judges 19:8; הַיּוֹם רַד מְאֹד v Judges 19:11).

encamp (proposes verge toward, incline to, settle at, of goal of day’s march):—

of single nomad Genesis 26:17 (J; sq. ב), Genesis 33:18 (E; sq. אֶת־פני).

of Israel at Exod. and in wilderness Exodus 13:20 (ב) Exodus 14:2 (לִפְנֵי), v Exodus 14:2 (עַל), + c. 80 times (Hex chiefly P); also (abs.) Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:20, Numbers 9:22, Numbers 9:23 cf. Ezra 8:15; Nehemiah 11:30 so they encamped (i.e. settled, or were settled) from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom (‖ ישׁבו v Nehemiah 11:25).

of armies: (1) Israel (conquering Cannan, etc.) Joshua 4:19; Joshua 5:10 + often; (2) Philistines I Samuel 4:1; I Samuel 13:16; II Samuel 23:23 +; usually sq. ב loc. Numbers 10:31; I Samuel 4:1; I Samuel 13:16 Joshua 4:19; I Samuel 13:5 + 63 times (וַיַּחֲנוּ בְ II Samuel 24:5 read וַיָּחֵלּוּ מִן 𝔊L We Dr v. חלל); so of locusts in hedges (in sim.) Nahum 3:17; also sq. עַל = by, near Exodus 14:2, Exodus 14:9; Exodus 15:27; Numbers 1:52; Numbers 2:2, Numbers 2:5, Numbers 2:12, Numbers 2:27; Numbers 3:29; Numbers 3:35 (על ירך), Numbers 33:10; Judges 7:1; I Samuel 4:1; על־פני השׂדה (על in diff. sense) II Samuel 11:11; sq. עַל also = against, encamp with hostile purpose Joshua 10:5, Joshua 10:31, Joshua 10:34 Judges 6:4; Judges 20:19 I Samuel 11:1; II Samuel 12:28; I Kings 16:15; II Kings 25:1; II Chronicles 32:1; Jeremiah 50:29; Jeremiah 52:4 Psalms 27:3; sq. אֶל־ in same sense Joshua 11:5; metaph. of God’s hostility to apostate Jerusalem (על) Isaiah 29:3; sq. also לְ = at, by Numbers 2:34; Zechariah 9:8; אשׁר … שָׁם Exodus 18:5; I Samuel 26:5; sq. סביב לְ for protection Numbers 1:50, Numbers 1:53, cf. metaph. Psalms 34:8, but also hostility Job 19:12; also sq. other prep. and prep. phrases, e.g. מֵעֵבֶר Numbers 21:13; מחוץ Numbers 31:19; בין I Samuel 17:1; נגד I Kings 20:27 etc.; sq. acc. loc. II Samuel 17:26; sq. sf. acc. with hostile sense הֹנָ֑ךְ Psalms 53:6; without prep. or noun foll., in sense of encamp, be or abide in encampment Numbers 9:18, Numbers 9:20, Numbers 9:22, Numbers 9:23; Ezra 8:15; II Samuel 11:11 +; poet. of David in Jerusalem, Isaiah 29:1 city in which David fixed his camp.

חֲנִית

n.f. spear (as flexible? v. Thes);—abs. חֲנִית II Samuel 13:19 + 26 times; cstr. id. I Samuel 26:16 (so v I Samuel 26:22 Qr, where Kt has art.); sf. חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Habakkuk 3:11; חֲנִיתוֹ I Samuel 17:7^(×2) + 11 times + II Samuel 23:8, v. infr.; pl. חֲנִיתִים II Chronicles 23:9; חֲנִיתוֹתֵיהֶם Isaiah 2:4 = חֲנִיתֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3;—

spear, as hurled I Samuel 18:10, I Samuel 18:11; I Samuel 19:9, I Samuel 19:10^(×2) I Samuel 20:33; held by king I Samuel 22:6; sign of king’s presence I Samuel 26:7, I Samuel 26:8, I Samuel 26:11, I Samuel 26:12, I Samuel 26:16, I Samuel 26:22 (v. RS^{K 171}); also II Samuel 1:6; II Samuel 2:23; II Samuel 21:19; II Samuel 23:18, II Samuel 23:21^(×3) I Chronicles 11:11 = II Samuel 23:8, where read הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (for הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִו֯) according to Ew Th Ke Klo Dr (not We), I Chronicles 11:20, I Chronicles 11:23^(×3); pl. II Chronicles 23:9; often ‖ חֶרֶב I Samuel 13:19, I Samuel 13:22; I Samuel 17:45, I Samuel 17:47; I Samuel 21:9; Isaiah 2:4 = Micah 4:3,; Nahum 3:3; ‖ שְׁלָטִים II Kings 11:10; ‖ צִנָּה I Chronicles 12:35 (Baer); מַסָּע Job 41:18; סְגֹר Psalms 35:3; ‖ קֶשֶׁת Psalms 46:10.

shaft of spear is עֵץ ח׳ II Samuel 23:7; I Chronicles 20:5 + I Samuel 17:7 Qr (doubtless right; Kt חץ).

spear-head לַהֶבֶת ח׳ I Samuel 17:7, cf. לַהַב ח׳ Job 39:23; בְּרַק ח׳ Nahum 3:3; Habakkuk 3:11.

butt of spear אַחֲרֵי ח׳ II Samuel 2:23.

metaph. of teeth of lions Psalms 57:5 (‖ חצים; fig. of Psalmist’s enemies).

חָנַט

vb. spice, make spicy, embalm (NH id., bud, blossom; Arabic حَنَطَ become mature, ii. prepare for burial, حَنُوطٌ spices for a corpse; حَنَّاطٌ embalmer, Dozy^{i, 322} after PS¹³²⁰; Aramaic ܚܢܰܛ, חֲנַט embalm; so Ethiopic ሐነጠ (loan-word Di¹¹⁰));—

Pf. 3 fs. הָֽנְטָה Song of Songs 2:13; Impf. 3 mpl. וַיַּחַנְטוּ Genesis 50:2, Genesis 50:26; Inf. cstr. לַחֲנֹט Genesis 50:2;—

spice, make spicy הַתְּאֵנָה ח׳ פַגֶּיהָ Song of Songs 2:13 the fig-tree spiceth its figs, so VB De in transl. (Ew De in notes Öt al. prefer reddeneth, on account of spring season, cf. the less common and perhaps secondary sense in Arabic become red (of leather) Lane^{657 a}).

embalm, sq. acc. pers. Genesis 50:2^(×2) (performed by הָרֹפְאִים), v Genesis 50:26.

חֲנֻטִים

n.[m.]pl.abstr. embalming, only יְמֵי הַח׳ Genesis 50:3 i.e. the days consumed in the embalming process = אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם v. Di

חִטָּה²

n.f. wheat (NH id., Aramaic חִנְטִין, חִיטְּתָא, ܚܶܛܬܳܐ; Arabic حِنْطَةٌ );—abs. ח׳ Exodus 9:32 + 6 times; pl. חִטִּים Genesis 30:14 + 20 times; חִטִּין Ezekiel 4:9; cstr. חִטֵּי Ezekiel 27:17;—wheat, sg. chiefly poet., of growing wheat Exodus 9:32 (E), Deuteronomy 8:8 Job 31:40; Joel 1:11; sown Isaiah 28:25; food-product Deuteronomy 32:14 (חֵלֶב כִּלְיוֹת ח׳ kidney-fat of wheat, i.e. the choicest, v. חֵלֶב) חֵלֶב ח׳ Psalms 81:17 (cf. Psalms 147:14 infr.); elsewhere pl.; wheat as sown Jeremiah 12:13; wheat-harvest קְצִיר ח׳ Genesis 30:14 (J), Exodus 34:22 (JE), Judges 15:1 I Samuel 6:13; I Samuel 12:17 Ruth 2:23, + II Samuel 24:15 where insert according to 𝔊 We Dr; wheat threshed Judges 6:11; I Chronicles 21:20 cf. v Judges 6:23; measured I Kings 5:25 = II Chronicles 2:9 (חטים מַכּוֹת, read ח׳ מַכֹּלֶת as I Kings 5:25 = wheat for food Th Be Ke after Vrss), v I Kings 5:14; I Chronicles 27:5 Ezekiel 45:13; stored (with barley, oil and honey) Jeremiah 41:8; for food II Samuel 17:28, חֵלֶב חִטִּים Psalms 147:14 (cf. Psalms 81:14 supr.); לֹקְחֵי חִטִּים II Samuel 4:6 (read סֹקְלָה ח׳ 𝔊 We Dr); סֹלֶת ח׳ fine wheaten flour Exodus 29:2 (P); Ezekiel 4:9 (חִטִּין, Aramaic pl.) mixed with barley, beans, lentils, etc., and made into bread.

חַנִּיאֵל

n.pr. and חֲנִינָה v. sub חנן.

חֲנִית²

v. sub חנה.

חֵךְ²

n.m. palate, roof of mouth, gums (NH id.; Aramaic ܚܶܢܟܳܐ, חִכָּא; Arabic حَنَكٌ palate, roof of mouth, jaws, lower part of mouth, lower jaw of horse, mouth, etc. Lane⁶⁵⁹ Dozy^{i. 332});—abs.ח׳ Job 12:11; Job 34:3; sf. חִכִּי Proverbs 8:7 + 6 times, חִכְּךָ Hosea 8:1, חִכֶּ֑ךָ Ezekiel 3:26 Proverbs 24:13; chiefly poet., especially WisdLt:—חִכֵּךְ Song of Songs 7:10, חִכּוֹ Lamentations 4:4 + 2 times, חִכָּהּ Proverbs 5:3, חִכָּם Job 29:10;—palate, roof of mouth:

אֶל־חִכְּךָ שֹׁפָר Hosea 8:1 a trumpet to thy palate! (or gums; as in Eng., to thy lips); often c. לָשׁוֹן, tongue clings (דבק) to חך, expression for speechlessness Ezekiel 3:26 Job 29:10, as imprecation Psalms 137:6; for the parching of extreme thirst Lamentations 4:4 (בַּצָּמָא), cf. Psalms 22:16 MT יָבֵשׁ כַּחֶרֶשׂ כֹּחִי, read חִכִּי for כחי v. Che^{crit. n.} (‖ לְשׁוֹנִי מֻדְבָּק מַלְקוֹחָ֑י).

as organ of speech, Proverbs 5:3; Proverbs 8:7 (both ‖ שְׂפָתַיִם), Job 31:30; Job 33:2 דִּבְּרָה לְשׁוֹנִי בְחִכִּי (‖ פָּתַחְתִּי פִי).

as organ of taste Job 12:11; Job 34:3, פִּרְיוֹ מָתוֹק לְחִבִּי Song of Songs 2:3 his fruit was sweet to my palate, Proverbs 24:13 (implied sim. of wisdom as sweet to the soul); fig. of God’s words as sweet לְח׳ Psalms 119:103 (‖ פִּי); of taste as distinguishing misfortunes Job 6:30 (‖ לָשׁוֹן; > others of speech); of keeping wickedness בְּתוֹךְ ח׳ Job 20:13 (‖ תַּחַת לָשׁוֹן), i.e. delighting in and prolonging the taste of it.

nearly = mouth, as an element in personal sweetness and beauty Song of Songs 5:16; Song of Songs 7:10.

חָנַךְ

vb. train up, dedicate (cf. Arabic حَنَكَ appar. denom. from حَنَكٌ, rub palate of child with chewed dates, Lane^659a, of midwife rub palate of new-born child with oil, etc., before it begins to suck, Dozy^{ii, 332}; also make experienced, submissive, etc. (as one does a horse by a rope in its mouth) Lane; v. also We^{Skizzen iii, 154}; NH חִנֵּךְ accustom; Aramaic חֲנַךְ dedicate, חַנֵּיךְ as NH; Ethiopic ii. ሐነከ perceive, understand (Di¹⁰⁸, ሕንካ initiatio is loan-word Id.^ib.))—

Pf. 3 ms. sf. חֲנָכוֹ Deuteronomy 20:5; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַחְנְכֶנּוּ Deuteronomy 20:5, 3 mpl. וַיַּחְנְכוּ I Kings 8:63; II Chronicles 7:5; Imv. חֲנֹךְ Proverbs 22:6;—

train, train up a (the) youth (לַנַּעַר) Proverbs 22:6 (cf. NH חִנּוּךְ).

dedicate, of formal opening of a new house Deuteronomy 20:5^(×2); dedicate, consecrate temple I Kings 8:63 = II Chronicles 7:5 (all sq. acc.)

חֲנוֹךְ

n.pr.m.

son of Cain Genesis 4:17^(×2), Genesis 4:18 𝔊 Ενωχ, 𝔊L Ενως.

son of Jered (line of Seth), the pious Enoch, who walked with God and was taken by him Genesis 5:18, Genesis 5:19, Genesis 5:21, Genesis 5:22, Genesis 5:23, Genesis 5:24; I Chronicles 1:3 𝔊 Ενωχ.

חֲנֹךְ a son of Midian Genesis 25:4; I Chronicles 1:33, 𝔊 Ενωχ.

חֲנוֹךְ a son of Reuben Genesis 46:9 Exodus 6:14; Numbers 26:5; I Chronicles 5:3, 𝔊 Ενωχ.

חֲנֻכָּה

n.f. dedication, consecration, as a matter of usage only P and late (NH חֲנוּכָּה Feast of Dedication; so Aramaic חֲנוּכְּתָא)—abs. ח׳ Nehemiah 12:27; cstr. חֲנֻכַּת Numbers 7:10 + 6 times; dedication of wall of Jerus. Nehemiah 12:27^(×2), by sacrifices and processions, with music; of altar in temple II Chronicles 7:9; of ‘the house’ Psalms 30:1 (title), i.e. the temple (re-dedication by Judas Maccab., The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 4:52), v. Ol Bae al. (opp. De), and especially Che^{OP 234, 247}; = dedication-offering for altar in tabernacle Numbers 7:10 (acc. c. וַיַּקְרִיבוּ) cf. יַקְרִיבוּ אֶת־קָרְבָּנָם לַחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ v Numbers 7:11, also v Numbers 7:84, Numbers 7:88 (all P; v Di Numbers 7:20).

חַכָּה²

n.f. hook fastened in jaw, fish-hook (NH id., Aramaic חַכְּתָא)—abs. ח׳ Job 40:25 + 2 times;—כָּל־מַשְׁלִיכֵי בַיְאֹר חַכָּ֑ה Isaiah 19:8 (‖ הַדַּיָּגִים), כֻּלֹּה בְּחַכָּה הֵעֲלָה Habakkuk 1:15 (of אדם, who, v Habakkuk 1:14, is comp. to דְּגֵי הַיָּם, and רֶמֶשׂ), cf. תִּמְשֹׁךְ לִוְיָתָן בְּחַכָּ֑ה Job 40:25.

חִנָּם

v. sub I. חנן.

חֲנַמְאֵל

n.pr.m. (perhaps = חנן־אל)—Jeremiah’s cousin, son of his uncle Jeremiah 32:7, Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:9, cf. ח׳ דֹּדִי v Jeremiah 32:12; 𝔊 Αναμεηλ.

חָנַן

vb. show favour, be gracious (NH id., Aramaic חֲנַן, ܚܰܢ; Arabic حَنَّ yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards; Sab. חן in n.pr. חן מסבררהם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 40}; Ph. חנן in חן favour, and n.pr. as אלחנן, חננבעל; Assyrian in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu, id., Lotz^TP Zim^{BP 23, 66})—

Pf. חָנַן Genesis 33:5; sf. חַנַּ֫נִי Genesis 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי II Samuel 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Exodus 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ Lamentations 4:16; Impf. יֶחֱנַן Amos 5:15; יָחֹן Deuteronomy 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן II Kings 13:23; sf. יָחְנְךָ Genesis 43:29 Isaiah 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָּ Numbers 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Isaiah 27:11 Job 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ Psalms 67:2; Psalms 123:2 Malachi 1:9; תָּחֹן Psalms 59:6; sf. תְּחָנֵּם Deuteronomy 7:2; אָחֹן Exodus 33:19; Imv. sf. חָנֵּנִי Psalms 4:2 + 17 times ψψ; חָנְנֵנִי Psalms 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Isaiah 33:2 Psalms 123:3^(×2); חָנּוּנוּ Judges 21:22; חָנֻּנִי Job 19:21^(×2); Inf. abs. חָנוֹן Isaiah 30:19; cstr. חַנּוֹת Psalms 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ Psalms 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Isaiah 30:18; Pt. חֹנֵן Proverbs 14:31; חוֹנֵן Psalms 37:21 + 5 times ψψ Pr.—favour, shew favour;

of man:

Judges 21:22 favour us with them (2 acc.; i.e. by giving them to us).

in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans, abs. Psalms 37:21, Psalms 37:26 = Psalms 112:5; c. acc. Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 19:17; Proverbs 28:8; c. לְ Psalms 109:12.

by considering and sparing, c. acc. Deuteronomy 7:2; Deuteronomy 28:50; Lamentations 4:16; Job 19:21^(×2).

of God,

in the bestowal of favours, with acc. Genesis 33:11 (E), Genesis 43:29 (J), Numbers 6:25 (P), II Samuel 12:22; double acc. Genesis 33:5 (E), תּוֹרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law Psalms 119:29.

usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins; abs. Psalms 77:10, elsewhere c. acc. Exodus 33:19^(×2) (JE), Amos 5:15; II Kings 13:23; Isaiah 27:11; Isaiah 30:18, Isaiah 30:19^(×2); Isaiah 33:2; Malachi 1:9 Psalms 4:2; Psalms 6:3; Psalms 9:14; Psalms 25:16; Psalms 26:11; Psalms 27:7; Psalms 30:11; Psalms 31:10; Psalms 41:5, Psalms 41:11; Psalms 51:3; Psalms 56:2; Psalms 57:2^(×2); Psalms 59:6; Psalms 67:2; Psalms 86:3, Psalms 86:16; Psalms 102:14; Psalms 119:58, Psalms 119:132; Psalms 123:2, Psalms 123:3^(×2) Job 33:24.—Job 19:17 v. II. חנן.

Pf. 2 fs. נֵחַנְתְּ Jeremiah 22:23 be pitied (cf. נֵאַר √ ארר) but 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 express groan (i.e. נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by Hi Ew Gf Gie al.

Impf. 3 ms. make gracious, favourable כִּי־יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ Proverbs 26:25. Poʿel Impf. 3 ms. direct favour to (Ges^{§ 55, 1}) וְאֶת־עֲפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ Psalms 102:15; Pt. מְחוֹנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ם Proverbs 14:21.

Impf. יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Isaiah 26:10; Proverbs 21:10.

Pf. 2 ms. הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה I Kings 9:3 + 5 times Pf.; Impf. וַיִּתְחַנֵּן II Kings 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן Psalms 30:9 + etc. + 6 times Impf.; Inf. לְהִתְחַנֶּן־ Esther 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֹ Genesis 42:21—seek or implore favour:

of man, with אֶל Genesis 42:21 (E) II Kings 1:13; with לְ Job 19:16; Esther 4:8; Esther 8:3.

of God, with אֶל־ Deuteronomy 3:23 I Kings 8:33, I Kings 8:47 = II Chronicles 6:37, Job 8:5 Psalms 30:9; Psalms 142:2; with לְ Hosea 12:5; Job 9:15; with לפני I Kings 8:59; I Kings 9:3; II Chronicles 6:24.

חֵן²

n.m. ^{ψ 45:3} favour, grace;—ח׳ Genesis 6:8 + 67 times; sf. חִנּוֹ Genesis 39:21;—

favour, grace, elegance:

of form and appearance, of a woman ‖ יֹ֑פִי Proverbs 31:30; אֵשֶׁת חֵן Proverbs 11:16; זונה טובת חן Nahum 3:4; of a doe Proverbs 5:19; precious stone אבן חן Proverbs 17:8; of ornaments Proverbs 1:9 = Proverbs 4:9, Proverbs 3:32.

of speech, lips Psalms 45:3 Proverbs 22:11; words Ecclesiastes 10:12.

favour, acceptance:

with men Proverbs 13:15; Proverbs 22:1; Ecclesiastes 9:11.

with God Zechariah 4:7^(×2); Zechariah 12:10; chiefly in phrases: מצא חן בעיני find favour in the eyes of: (1) men Genesis 30:27; Genesis 32:6; Genesis 33:8, Genesis 33:10, Genesis 33:15; Genesis 34:11; Genesis 39:4; Genesis 47:25, Genesis 47:29; Genesis 50:4 Numbers 32:5 (all J); Deuteronomy 24:1; Ruth 2:2, Ruth 2:10, Ruth 2:13; I Samuel 1:18; I Samuel 16:22; I Samuel 20:3, I Samuel 20:29; I Samuel 25:8; I Samuel 27:5; II Samuel 14:22; II Samuel 16:4; I Kings 11:19; Esther 5:8; Esther 7:3; (2) of God Genesis 6:8; Genesis 18:3; Genesis 19:19; Exodus 33:12, Exodus 33:13^(×2), Exodus 33:16, Exodus 33:17; Exodus 34:9 Numbers 11:11, Numbers 11:15 (all J); Judges 6:17; II Samuel 15:25; Proverbs 3:4; abs. מצא חן (with man) Proverbs 28:23; (with God) Jeremiah 31:2; מצא חן לפניו Esther 8:5 (i.e. of the king); נתן חן בעיני give favour in the eyes of (1) man Genesis 39:21; Exodus 3:21; Exodus 11:3; Exodus 12:36 (J); abs. נתן חן of man Psalms 84:12; (2) of God Proverbs 3:34; נשׂא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי obtain favour in the eyes of Esther 2:15; of the king Esther 5:2; so וַתִּשָּׂא־חֵן וָחֶסֶד לְפָנָיו Esther 2:17.

חִנָּם²

subst., used chiefly in the accus. as adv. (cf. Assyrian annáma, in vain, Dl^{K 7, Pr 44}; from חֵן, with aff. ָם, which is sometimes found in substantives proper, as סֻלָּם, and pr. names, but is more partic. used with substs. applied adverbially, as יוֹמָם, אָמְנָם, דּוּמָם, רֵיקָם: Sta^{§ 293} Ba^{NB § 216})—lit. out of favour; i.e.

gratis, gratuitously, for nothing, עָבַד חִנָּם to serve for nought Genesis 29:15; Job 1:9, Isaiah 52:3 to be sold (fig.) for nought v Isaiah 52:5; Exodus 21:2, Exodus 21:11 יָצָא חִנָּם to go out (from slavery) freely, for nothing, Numbers 11:5 which we used to eat in Egyptian for nought, Jeremiah 22:13; I Chronicles 21:24; in the genitive II Samuel 24:24 עלוֹת חִנָּם i.e. burntofferings which cost nothing (in the ‖ I Chronicles 21:24 the constr. is changed).

for no purpose, in vain Proverbs 1:17; Malachi 1:10: once אֶל חִנָּם (cf. אֶל 7) Ezekiel 6:10.

gratuitously, without cause, undeservedly, especially of groundless hostility or attack I Samuel 19:5 לְהָמִית חִנָּם to slay David without cause, I Samuel 25:31 Psalms 35:7^(×2); Psalms 109:3; Psalms 119:161 רְדָפוּנִי חִנָּם, Proverbs 1:11; Proverbs 3:30; Proverbs 23:29; Job 2:3 לְבַלְּעוֹ ח׳, Job 9:17; Job 22:6; Ezekiel 14:23, Psalms 35:19 and Psalms 69:5 שׂנְאַי חִנָּם my haters without cause, Lamentations 3:52 אֹיְבַי חִנָּם; in the genitive I Kings 2:31 דְּמֵי חִנָּם blood shed without cause (cf. I Samuel 25:31), Proverbs 24:28 אַל־תְּהִי עֵד ח׳ בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ, Proverbs 26:2 קִלְלַת ח׳ the causeless curse.

חֵן³

n.pr.m. (favour)—contemp. of Zerubbabel Zechariah 6:14, so RV SS We, but RVm Ew Hi Ke Or grace, favour, kindness.

חַנָּה

n.pr.f. 𝔊 Ἄννα (cf. Nab. חנה Eut^{No. 20}), mother of Samuel I Samuel 1:2^(×2), I Samuel 1:5^(×2), I Samuel 1:8, I Samuel 1:9, I Samuel 1:13, I Samuel 1:15, I Samuel 1:19, I Samuel 1:20, I Samuel 1:22; I Samuel 2:1, I Samuel 2:21.

חָנָן

n.pr.m. (gracious; cf. Sab. חנן, Ph. חנא)—

one of the warriors of David I Chronicles 11:43.

one of the heads of families of Nethinim Ezra 2:46 = Nehemiah 7:48.

names of Levites Nehemiah 8:7; Nehemiah 10:11; Nehemiah 13:3.

chiefs of the people:

Nehemiah 10:23.

Nehemiah 10:27.

Benjamite name I Chronicles 8:23, I Chronicles 8:38; I Chronicles 9:44 (cf. n.pr.loc. בֵּית חָנָן, Mish. כְּפַר חָנָן).

אִישׁ הָאֱלֹהִים head of a prophetic guild, בְּנֵי הָנָן Jeremiah 35:4.

חָנוּן

n.pr.m. (favoured; cf. Assyrian Ḫanunu, king of Gaza COT on II Kings 15:29);—

an Ammonite king II Samuel 10:1, II Samuel 10:2, II Samuel 10:3, II Samuel 10:4; I Chronicles 19:2^(×2), I Chronicles 19:3, I Chronicles 19:4, I Chronicles 19:6.

Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah:

חַנּוּן

adj. gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Exodus 22:26 (covt. code), ‖ מְרַחֵם Psalms 116:5; elsewhere in the earlier phrase רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן Exodus 34:6 (JE) = Psalms 86:15; Psalms 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם II Chronicles 30:9; Nehemiah 9:17, Nehemiah 9:31 Psalms 111:4; Psalms 112:4; Psalms 145:8 Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2.

חֲנִינָה

n.f. favour לֹא־אֶתֵּן לָכֶם חֲנִינָה I will shew you no favour Jeremiah 16:13 (v. on form Ba^{NB 136}).

חַנִּיאֵל²

n.pr.m. (favour of Ēl; cf. Ph. חנבעל, חנמלקרת (Hamilcar) favour of Melqart; Nab. חנאל Vog^{No. 10})—

prince of tribe of Manasseh Numbers 34:23.

a chief of the tribe of Asher I Chronicles 7:39.

חֲנַנְאֵל

n.pr.m. (Ēl is gracious; cf. Ph. חננבעל, אלחנן, etc.)—name of a tower at Jerusalem Jeremiah 31:38; Zechariah 14:10; Nehemiah 3:1; Nehemiah 12:39.

חֵנָדָד

n.pr.m. (חֵן + הָדָד favour of Hadad)—Levite chief Ezra 3:9; Nehemiah 3:18, Nehemiah 3:24; Nehemiah 10:10.

חֲנָנִי

n.pr.m. (perhaps abbrev. from foll.);—

father of the prophet Jehu I Kings 16:1, I Kings 16:7; II Chronicles 16:7; II Chronicles 19:2; II Chronicles 20:34.

brother of Nehemiah Nehemiah 1:2; Nehemiah 7:2.

a chief musician of David I Chronicles 25:4, I Chronicles 25:25.

a chief musician in time of Nehemiah Nehemiah 12:36.

a priest of Ezra’s time Ezra 10:20.

חֲנַנְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (י׳ hath been gracious)—𝔊 Ἀνανίας; חֲנַנְיָהוּ: (cf. חנניהו on Israel. seal, Ganneau^{JAs Fev.-Mars 1883, 128, No. 1})—

father of a prince under Jehoiakim Jeremiah 36:12.

captain of Uzziah’s army II Chronicles 26:11.

chief of one of the divisions of musicians of David I Chronicles 25:23 = חֲנַנְיָה v I Chronicles 25:4.—חֲנַנְיָה:

a false prophet of Jeremiah’s time Jeremiah 28:1, Jeremiah 28:5, Jeremiah 28:10, Jeremiah 28:11, Jeremiah 28:12, Jeremiah 28:13, Jeremiah 28:15^(×2), Jeremiah 28:17.

one of the three companions of Daniel Daniel 1:6, Daniel 1:7, Daniel 1:11, Daniel 1:19.

grandfather of an officer of the guard in Jeremiah’s time Jeremiah 37:13.

a son of Zerubbabel I Chronicles 3:19, I Chronicles 3:21.

a Benjamite I Chronicles 8:24.

various postexilic persons.

Nehemiah 10:24.

Nehemiah 12:12, Nehemiah 12:41.

חַנָּתֹן

n.pr.loc. place in the tribe of Zebulun Joshua 19:14; 𝔊 Αμωθ, A Ενναθωθ, 𝔊L Αναθωθ; site unknown; according to Conder = Talm. Caphar Hanania (Nbr^{Géogr. 176, 226}) on the border of Upper and Lower Galilee, mod. Kefrʾ Anân, Survey^{WP i, 205, 207}.

חָנַן²

be loathsome (cf. Arabic خَنَّ x. foetorem emisit (puteus); Syriac ܚܰܢܻܝܢܳܐ rancid);—Qal pf. וְחַנֹּתִ֫י לִבְנֵי בִטְנִי Job 19:17 and I am loathsome to the sons of my womb (‖ זָרָה v. ii. זור), so RVm Ew De Di al. (On the tone v. De.)

חָנֵס

n.pr.loc. Isaiah 30:4 in Lower Egypt, on island in Nile, S. of Memphis (‖ צֹעַן) = Egyptian Ḥnnstn [Ḥnénsĕ], Assyrian Ḫininši; Herodot. ^{ii. 137} Ἄνυσις, afterward Heracleopolis magna, now Ahnâs; v. Steindorff^{BAS i, 602}.

חָנֵף

vb. be polluted, profane (Arabic حَنَفَ incline, decline, hence حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, but in Heb. of inclining away from right, irreligion, profaneness, cf. حَنِفَ have a حَنَفٌ i.e. distortion of foot; Syriac in deriv. be profane, etc.; NH Hiph., Aramaic Aph. act falsely toward, flatter, חֲנוּכָּה hypocrisy; Assyrian ḫanpu, ruthlessness; ḫanâpu, exercise ruthlessness toward, Tel Amarna Zim^{ZA vi. 1891, 256})—

Pf. 3 fs. חָֽנְפָה Isaiah 24:5; 3 pl. חָנֵפ֑וּ Jeremiah 23:11; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱנַף Jeremiah 3:1; תֶּחֱנָ֑ף Micah 4:11; וַתֶּחֱנַף Jeremiah 3:9 Psalms 106:38; Inf. abs. חָנוֹף Jeremiah 3:1;—

be polluted: of land Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 3:1^(×2) Psalms 106:38; of Zion Micah 4:11.

of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (cf. infr.) i.e. profane, godless Jeremiah 23:11.—Jeremiah 3:9 appar. trans. וַתֶּחֱנַף את הארץ, Gf del. את, Gie cites Ges^{§ 121, 1}, but read rather Hiph. וַתַּחֲנֵף with Codd. 𝔊 Ew al. (v. also Gf Gie).

Impf. יַחֲנִיף Numbers 35:33; Daniel 11:32; 2 fs. וַתַּחֲנִ֫יפִי Jeremiah 3:2; 2 mpl. תַּחֲנִ֫יפוּ;—

pollute: the land Numbers 35:33^(×2) (by blood; P), Jeremiah 3:2 (by idolatry, etc.) + Jeremiah 3:9 (v. supr.)

make profane, godless Daniel 11:32 c. acc. pers.

חֹ֫נֶף

n.[m.] profaneness—לַעֲשׂוֹת ח׳ Isaiah 32:6 to practise profaneness (+ נְבָלָה, אָוֶן, תּוֹעָה).

חָנֵף²

adj. profane, irreligious (Syriac ܚܰܢܦܳܐ profane, hence often heathen, apostate; Arabic حَنِيفٌ inclining to a right state, especially the true religion, a Muslim)—abs. ח׳ Job 8:13 + 10 times; pl. חֲנֵפִים Isaiah 33:14; חַנְפֵי Job 36:13 Psalms 35:16;—profane, godless: of persons, אָדָם ח׳ Job 34:30; גּוֹי ח׳ Isaiah 10:6; as subst. godless man Isaiah 9:16 (‖ מרע) Job 8:13; Job 13:16; Job 17:8; Job 20:5; Job 27:8; Proverbs 11:9; coll. עֲדַת ח׳ Job 15:34; pl. Isaiah 33:14; חַנְפֵי־לֵב Job 36:Job 13; בְּחַנְפֵי לַעֲגֵי מָעוֹג Psalms 35:16 as profane men, mockers for cake (i.e. table-jesters; on cstr. v. Ges^{§ 130, 5}), but text dub. (v. Che^{crit. n.} Bae).

חֲנֻפָּה

(so Baer; van d. H חֲנֻפָה) n.f. profaneness, pollution, Jeremiah 23:15.

חַנָּתֹן²

v. sub חנן.

חֶ֫סֶד

n.m. ^{2 S 16:17} goodness, kindness;—abs. ח׳ Genesis 24:12 + 85 times; חָ֑סֶד Genesis 39:21 + 12 times; cstr. חֶסֶד I Samuel 20:14 + 8 times; sf. חַסְדִּי Psalms 59:18 + 120 times sfs.; pl. חֲסָדִים Genesis 32:11; cstr. חַסְדֵי Isaiah 55:3 + 5 times (Baer^{Jes p. 79} Ges^{§ 93, R. 1 F.}); sf. חֲסָדַי Nehemiah 13:14 + 10 times sfs.; (not in H or P).

of man:

kindness of men towards men, in doing favours and benefits I Samuel 20:15; II Samuel 16:17 Psalms 141:5 Proverbs 19:22; Proverbs 20:6; ח׳ יהוה I Samuel 20:14 the kindness of י׳ (such as he shews, Thes MV; that sworn to by oath to Yahweh Mich Dathe; shewn out of reverence to Yahweh Th Ke), cf. ח׳ אלהים II Samuel 9:3; תּוֹרַת־ח׳ Proverbs 31:26 instruction in kindness, kindly instruction עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִמָּדִי do or shew kindness (in dealing) with me Genesis 20:13; Genesis 40:14 (E), I Samuel 20:14; II Samuel 10:2 (עִמִּי in ‖ I Chronicles 19:2); c. עִם Genesis 21:23 (E), Genesis 24:12, Genesis 24:14; Joshua 2:12^(×2) Judges 1:24 (J), Judges 8:35; I Samuel 15:6; II Samuel 2:5; II Samuel 3:8; II Samuel 9:1, II Samuel 9:3, II Samuel 9:7, II Samuel 10:2 = I Chronicles 19:2, I Chronicles 19:2; II Chronicles 24:22; c. עַל I Samuel 20:8; c. לְ I Kings 2:7; נשׂא ח׳ לפני obtain kindness before Esther 2:9, Esther 2:17; היטיב ח׳ Ruth 3:10.

kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy Proverbs 20:28; Job 6:14; אישׁ חסד merciful man Proverbs 11:17 (opp. אַכְזָרִי); מַלְכֵי ח׳ merciful kings I Kings 20:31; עשׂה ח׳ Psalms 109:16; in this sense usually with other attributes (v. also infr. II. 2); ‖ אמת Hosea 4:1; Isaiah 16:5; ח׳ ואמת Proverbs 3:3; Proverbs 14:22; Proverbs 16:6; Proverbs 20:28; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת Genesis 24:49; Genesis 47:29; Joshua 2:14 (J; RV gives these under 1); ‖ צדקה Hosea 10:12; צדקה וח׳ Proverbs 21:21; ‖ משׁפט Micah 6:8; ח׳ ומשׁפט Hosea 12:7; ‖ חוֹנֵן Psalms 109:12; ח׳ ורחמים Zechariah 7:9 Daniel 1:9.—(On Hosea 6:4, Hosea 6:6 v. 3 infr.)

(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety: ח׳ נְעוּרַיִךְ Jeremiah 2:2 piety of thy youth (‖ love of thine espousals to Yahweh); poss. also חַסְדְּכֶם כַּעֲנַן־בֹּקֶר Hosea 6:4 your piety is like a morning cloud (fleeting), and כִּי חֶסֶד חָפַצְתִּי וְלאֹ־זָ֑בַח Hosea 6:6 for piety I delight in and not in peace-offering (‖ דעת אלהים, cf. I Samuel 15:22);—so Wü Now Hi (v I Samuel 15:4) Che; Ke Hi (v I Samuel 15:6) al. sub 2 (or 1);—אַנְשֵׁי חֶסֶד men of piety Isaiah 57:1 (‖ צַדִּיק); pl. pious acts II Chronicles 32:32; II Chronicles 35:26; Nehemiah 13:14.

lovely appearance: כָּל־חַסְדּוֹ כְּצִיץ הַשָּׂדֶה Isaiah 40:6 all its loveliness as the flower of the field (so Thes Hi De Che Di al.; but δόξα 𝔊 1 Pet 1:24 & gloria 𝔙 favour an original reading הוֹדוֹ Lo or כְּבֹדוֹ Ew, see Br^{MP 375}; Du הֲדָרוֹ).

of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures. He is חַסְדָּם their goodness, favour Jonah 2:9; חַסְדִּי Psalms 144:2; אֱלֹהֵי חַסְדִּי God of my kindness Psalms 59:18; in v Psalms 59:11 read אֱלֹהַי חַסְדּוֹ my God with his kindness 𝔖 𝔙 Ew Hup De Pe Che Bae; his is the kindness Psalms 62:13; it is with him Psalms 130:7; he delights in it Micah 7:18.

specif. lovingkindness:

in redemption from enemies and troubles Genesis 19:19; Genesis 39:21 (J), Exodus 15:13 (song), Jeremiah 31:3; Ezra 7:28; Ezra 9:9 Psalms 21:8; Psalms 31:17, Psalms 31:22; Psalms 32:10; Psalms 33:22; Psalms 36:8, Psalms 36:11; Psalms 42:9; Psalms 44:27; Psalms 48:10; Psalms 59:17; Psalms 66:20; Psalms 85:8; Psalms 90:14; Psalms 94:18; Psalms 107:8, Psalms 107:15, Psalms 107:21, Psalms 107:31; Psalms 143:8, Psalms 143:12; Job 37:13; Ruth 1:8; Ruth 2:20; men should trust in it Psalms 13:6; Psalms 52:10; rejoice in it Psalms 31:8; hope in it Psalms 33:18; Psalms 147:11.

in preservation of life from death Psalms 6:5; Psalms 86:13 Job 10:12.

in quickening of spiritual life Psalms 109:26; Psalms 119:41, Psalms 119:76, Psalms 119:88, Psalms 119:124, Psalms 119:149, Psalms 119:159.

in redemption from sin Psalms 25:7; Psalms 51:3.

in keeping the covenants, with Abraham Micah 7:20; with Moses and Israel שׁמר הַבְּרִית וְ(הַ)חֶסֶד keepeth the covenant and the lovingkindness Deuteronomy 7:9, Deuteronomy 7:12; I Kings 8:23 = II Chronicles 6:14, Nehemiah 1:5; Nehemiah 9:32; Daniel 9:4; with David and his dynasty II Samuel 7:15 = I Chronicles 17:13, II Samuel 22:51 = Psalms 18:51, I Kings 3:6^(×2) = II Chronicles 1:8, Psalms 89:29, Psalms 89:34; with the wife Zion Isaiah 54:10.

חֶסֶד is grouped with other divine attributes: חסד ואמת kindness (lovingkindness) and fidelity Genesis 24:27 (J), Psalms 25:10; Psalms 40:11, Psalms 40:12; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 61:8; Psalms 85:11; Psalms 89:15; Psalms 115:1; Psalms 138:2; עשׂה ח׳ ואמת עם II Samuel 2:6; II Samuel 15:20 (𝔊, v. Dr); c. אֶת־ Genesis 24:49; רַב ח׳ ואמת Exodus 34:6 (JE), Psalms 86:15; also ‖ אמת Micah 7:20 Psalms 26:3; Psalms 117:2; ‖ אֱמוּנָה Psalms 88:12; Psalms 89:3; Psalms 92:3; אמונה וח׳ Psalms 89:25; ח׳ ואמונה Psalms 98:3; ‖ רחמים Psalms 77:9; ח׳ ורחמים Jeremiah 16:5; Hosea 2:21 Psalms 103:4; ח׳ ומשׁפט Jeremiah 9:23 Psalms 101:1; ‖ צדקה Psalms 36:11; טוב וח׳ Psalms 23:6.

the kindness of God is

abundant: רַב־חֶסֶד abundant, plenteous in kindness (goodness) Numbers 14:18 (J), Nehemiah 9:17 (Qr), Joel 2:13; Jonah 4:2 Psalms 86:5; Psalms 103:8 (cf. Exodus 34:6 JE; Psalms 86:15); רֹב חַסְדְּךָ Nehemiah 13:22 Psalms 5:8; Psalms 69:14; Psalms 130:7 (𝔊 𝔙 Aq 𝔗, to be preferred to MT חֲסָדֶיךָ); רֹב חֲסָדָו֯ Lamentations 3:32 Psalms 106:45 (Kt 𝔊 in both to be preferred).

great in extent: גֹּדֶל ח׳ greatness of thy mercy Numbers 14:19 (J); גְּדָו֯ל־ח׳ Psalms 145:8; it is kept for thousands Exodus 34:7 (JE), Jeremiah 32:18, especially of those connected with lovers of י׳, Exodus 20:6 = Deuteronomy 5:10; for 1000 generations Deuteronomy 7:9; it is great as the heavens Psalms 57:11; Psalms 103:11, cf. Psalms 36:6; Psalms 108:5; the earth is full of it Psalms 33:5; Psalms 119:64.

everlasting: לעולם חסדוֹ Jeremiah 33:11; I Chronicles 16:34, I Chronicles 16:41; II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 7:3, II Chronicles 7:6; II Chronicles 20:21; Ezra 3:11 Psalms 100:5; Psalms 106:1; Psalms 107:1; Psalms 118:1, Psalms 118:2, Psalms 118:3, Psalms 118:4, Psalms 118:29; Psalms 136:1-26 (26 times); חסדךָ לעולם Psalms 138:8; ח׳ מעולם ועד עולם Psalms 103:17; ח׳ עולם Isaiah 54:8; ח׳ אל כל היום Psalms 52:3.

good: כִּי־טוֹב חַסְדְּךָ Psalms 69:17; Psalms 109:21; כי טוב חסדךָ מחיים Psalms 63:4.

pl. mercies, deeds of kindness, the historic displays of lovingkindness to Israel: shewn to Jacob Genesis 32:11 (R); but mostly late Isaiah 63:7 Psalms 25:6; Psalms 89:2; כְּרֹב חסדיו Isaiah 63:7, see 3 a; promised in the Davidic covenant Psalms 89:50; חַסְדֵי דָוִיד mercies to David Isaiah 55:3; II Chronicles 6:42; mercies in general Lamentations 3:22 Psalms 17:7; Psalms 107:43—חֶסֶד in n.pr.m. בן־ח׳ v. sub בֵּן. On Leviticus 20:17; Proverbs 14:34 v. ii. חֶסֶד sub II. חסד.

חָסִיד

adj.m. kind, pious (so, as denoting active practice of חֶסֶד, kindness, Thes MV De and most, cf. קָצִיר, פָּקִיד etc.; > Hup on Psalms 4:4 RVm who expl. as passive reception of י׳’s חֶסֶד, cf. שָׂכִיר, אָסִיר etc.; its use as attribute of God Jeremiah 3:12 Psalms 145:17, and the context Psalms 12:1 Micah 7:2 etc., favour active sense)—ח׳ Psalms 4:4 + 9 times; חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ Deuteronomy 33:8 Psalms 89:20; חֲסִידְיךָ֯ Psalms 16:10; pl. חֲסִידִים Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5; sf. חֲסִידָ֑י Psalms 50:5; חֲסִידָו֯ I Samuel 2:9 + 15 times sfs.;—

kind:

of man עם ח׳ תתחסד with the kind thou shewest thyself kind II Samuel 22:26 = Psalms 18:26.

of wing of ostrich אִם אֶבְרָה חֲסִידָה Job 39:13 is it a kindly pinion? poss. with play on חֲסִידָה n.f. stork (is the ostrich kind like the stork?).

of God, only Jeremiah 3:12 Psalms 145:17.

pious, godly, either as exhibition of ‘duteous love’ toward God (Che^{OP 378}), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Hosea 6:4, Hosea 6:6; Jeremiah 2:2, and their possible ambiguity) because kindness, as prominent in the godly, comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety:

as adj.—גּוֹי לא חסיד a nation, not pious, = ungodly Psalms 43:1.

elsewhere as subst.: sing., a pious man, the godly Psalms 4:4; Psalms 12:2; Psalms 32:6; Psalms 86:2, ‖ יָשָׁר Micah 7:2; (thy) pious one(s) Psalms 16:10 (Kt pl.), I Samuel 2:9 (Qr pl.) Proverbs 2:8, אִישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ men of thy pious one Deuteronomy 33:8 (Moses, v. Di; others, the man, thy godly one, i.e. Levi); pl. the pious, godly, those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God’s service, only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5; his pious ones Psalms 30:5; Psalms 31:24; Psalms 37:28; Psalms 85:9; Psalms 97:10; Psalms 116:15; Psalms 148:14; Psalms 149:9; thy pious ones Psalms 52:11; Psalms 79:2; Psalms 89:20; Psalms 132:9 = II Chronicles 6:41, Psalms 145:10; my pious ones Psalms 50:Psalms 5, her (Zion’s) pious Psalms 132:16.—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ Ἀσιδαίων denoted, technically, the party of the pious, who opposed the Hellenization of Judaea, v. The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 2:42; cf. The Book of Maccabees I (Kahana Translation) 7:13 The Book of Maccabees II 14:6 and Che^{OP 48, 56}; so perhaps Psalms 116:15; Psalms 149:1, Psalms 149:5, Psalms 149:9.)

חֲסִידָה

n.f. stork (so called as kind and affectionate to its young)—Leviticus 11:19 = Deuteronomy 14:18; Psalms 104:17; Jeremiah 8:7; Zechariah 5:9; cf. Lat. pietaticultrix.

חֶ֫סֶד²

n.m. shame, reproach, only abs.:—ח׳ הוּא Leviticus 20:17 (H) it is a shame (shameful thing); ח׳ לְאֻמִּים חַטָּאת Proverbs 14:34 sin is a reproach to peoples.

חֹסָה

n.pr.m. (refuge)—name of one of the Levitical doorkeepers of the temple I Chronicles 16:38; I Chronicles 26:10, I Chronicles 26:11, I Chronicles 26:16.

n.pr.loc. place in the tribe of Asher Joshua 19:29; site unknown; 𝔊 Ιασιφ, A Σουσα, 𝔊L Ωσα.

חָסִיל

n.m. a kind of locust (sg. coll.), always abs. ח׳, and always as destructive; I Kings 8:37 = II Chronicles 6:28 Psalms 78:46 (all ‖ אַרְבֶּה), Joel 1:4; Joel 2:25 (‖ יָ֑לֶק, אַרְבֶּה, גָּוָם); cf. אֹסֶף הֶחָ׳ Isaiah 33:4 the gathering of the locust, in sim. of despoiling of Assyria (‖ גֵּבִים).

חֹ֫סֶן

n.m. ^{Proverbs 15:6} wealth, treasure (on relation to √ meaning cf. חַיִל)—ח׳ abs. Proverbs 15:6 + 2 times; cstr. Isaiah 33:6; Jeremiah 20:5;—wealth, treasure, of individuals Proverbs 15:6 (ח׳ רַב, opp. נֶעְכָּ֑רֶת), Proverbs 27:24 (‖ נֵזֶר), Ezekiel 22:25 (‖ יְקָר); of city ח׳ הָעִיר הַזֹּאת Jeremiah 20:5 (‖ יְגִיעַ, יְקָר, אוֹצָרוֹת); in transf. sense ח׳ יְשׁוּעֹת, wealth (or abundance VB) of salvations, ח׳ יְשׁ׳ חָכְמַת וָדָ֑עַת יִרְאַת י׳ הִיא אוֹצָרוֹ Isaiah 33:6 and stability of thy times shall be abundance of salvations (helps, deliverances), etc.

חֲסִין

adj. strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only מִי־כָמוֹךָ חֲסִין יָהּ Psalms 89:9.

חָסֵר

vb. lack, need, be lacking, decrease (v. Lag ^{BN 143}; NH חִסֵּר cause to lack or fail, diminish (act.), and deriv.; Aramaic חֲסַר, ܚܣܰܪ, want, lack, and deriv., cf. Ph. מחסר, v. מחסור infr.; Arabic حَسَرَ remove, strip off; disappear, retire (of water), fail (of sight), etc.; perhaps also Ethiopic ኀስረ: be inferior, worthless, diminished Di ⁵⁹⁰ and deriv.)—

Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ I Kings 17:16; 2 ms. חָסַרְתָּ Deuteronomy 2:7; 3 pl. חָסֵ֑רוּ Nehemiah 9:21; 1 pl. חָסַרְנוּ Jeremiah 44:18; Impf. יֶחְסַר Deuteronomy 15:8 + 2 times; יֶחְסָ֑ר Proverbs 31:11 Ecclesiastes 9:8; 3 fs. תֶּחְסָ֑ר I Kings 17:14; Proverbs 13:25; 2 ms. תֶּחְסַר Deuteronomy 8:9; 1 s. אֶחְסָ֑ר Psalms 23:1; pl. יַחְסְרוּ Psalms 34:11; Ezekiel 4:17; וַיַּחְסְרוּ Genesis 8:3; יַחְסְרוּן Genesis 18:28; Inf. cstr. חֲסַר Proverbs 10:21 Ew ^{§ 238 a}, cf. Ges ^{§45. 1 a}; abs. חָסוֹר Genesis 8:5; Pt. חָסֵר I Kings 11:22; Ecclesiastes 10:3 (v. חָסֵר infr.);—

lack:

c. acc. Genesis 18:28 (J) perchance the fifty righteous lack five, Deuteronomy 2:7 thou hast not lacked anything, Deuteronomy 8:9; Jeremiah 44:18; I Kings 11:22; Ezekiel 4:17 Psalms 34:11; Proverbs 31:11, cf. also בַּחֲסַר־לֵב Proverbs 10:21 by lacking intelligence (sense), (Di puts here Deuteronomy 15:8 v. infr.)

abs. be in want, want Psalms 23:1; Proverbs 13:25; Nehemiah 9:21.

be lacking, מַחְסֹרוֹ אֲשֶׁר יֶח׳ לוֹ Deuteronomy 15:8 his lack (i.e. thing needed), which is lacking to him (possible also is, which he lacks for himself, so Di, v. supr.); שֶׁמֶן עַל־רֹאְשְׁךָ אַל־יֶח׳ Ecclesiastes 9:8 oil on thy head let it not be lacking; v. also abs. Isaiah 51:14; Song of Songs 7:3, and לִבּוֹ חָסֵר Ecclesiastes 10:3 his sense is lacking; of jar of oil I Kings 17:14, I Kings 17:16 (abs.) by meton. for the oil itself (cf. ‖ כלה be consumed, exhausted).

diminish, decrease, of waters Genesis 8:3 (P), cf. הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר v Genesis 8:5 (P), waters continually diminished (v. הלך supr. p. 233b).

cause to lack, c. acc. pers., Impf. 2 ms. sf. וַתְּחַסְּרֵהוּ מעט מֵאֱלהים Psalms 8:6 and thou didst make him lack little of God; Pt. וּמְחַסֵּר את־נפשׁי מִטּוֹבָה Ecclesiastes 4:8 for whom am I labouring and depriving myself of good things?

Pf. הֶחֱסִיר Exodus 16:18; Impf. יַחְסִיר Isaiah 32:6;—cause to be lacking, fail, c. acc. rei מַשְׁקֵה צָמֵא יַח׳ Isaiah 32:6; the drink of the thirsty he causeth to fail (‖ לְהָרִיק נפשׁ רָעֵב); abs. Exodus 16:18 (P), he that gathered little caused no lack.

חֶ֫סֶר

n.m. ^{Proverbs 28:22} want, poverty—always abs.; ח׳ יְבֹאֶנּוּ Proverbs 28:22 want shall come to him; ‖ כָּפָן hunger Job 30:3.

חָסֵר²

adj. needy, lacking, in want of—ח׳ abs. Ecclesiastes 6:2; cstr. חֲסַר I Samuel 21:16 + 13 times;—needy, in want of ח׳ משׁגעים אני I Samuel 21:16 am I in want of madmen? II Samuel 3:29 in need of bread, so Proverbs 12:9; usually חֲסַר־לֵב lacking understanding, sense Proverbs 6:32; Proverbs 7:7; Proverbs 9:4, Proverbs 9:16; Proverbs 10:13; Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 12:11; Proverbs 15:21; אָדָם ח׳־לֵב Proverbs 17:18; Proverbs 24:30; נָּגִיד ח׳ תְּבוּנוֹת Proverbs 28:16; אֵינֶנּוּ חָסֵר לְנַפְשׁוֹ מִכֹּל וג׳ Ecclesiastes 6:2 neither is he lacking for his soul in aught of (מן part.) all that he desireth.

חַסְרָה

n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum who was husband of Huldah the prophetess (𝔊 A Εσσερη, 𝔊L Ασερ) = חַרְחַס II Kings 22:14 (𝔊 Αραας, 𝔊L Αδρα) II Chronicles 34:22.

חַף

חָפָה

vb. cover (NH id., especially Pi.; Aramaic חֲפָא, ܚܦܳܐ (especially Pa.); Arabic خَفِىَ be hidden, خَفَى hide)—

Pf. חָפוּ II Samuel 15:30 + 3 times; Pt. חָפוּי II Samuel 15:30; cstr. חֲפוּי Esther 6:12;—cover the head (רֹאשׁ), in token of grief II Samuel 15:30 Jeremiah 14:3, Jeremiah 14:4; pt. agrees with ר׳ II Samuel 15:30; חֲפוּי רֹאשׁ (‖ אָבֵל) Esther 6:12; in token of sentence of death Esther 7:8.

Pt. f. נֶחְפָּה Psalms 68:14 (כנפי יונה נ׳), c. בְּ of material.

Pf. (late) חִפָּה II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:9; Impf. וַיְחַף II Chronicles 3:7; sf. וַיְחַפֵּהוּ II Chronicles 3:5, II Chronicles 3:8; overlay sq. 2 acc. (one of material) II Chronicles 3:5^(×2), II Chronicles 3:7, II Chronicles 3:8, II Chronicles 3:9.

חֻפָּה

ii. חֻפָּה v. sub חפף.

חֹ֫פֶן

n.[m.] hollow of hand (NH חוֹפֶן, Aramaic חָפְנִי, חוּפְנָא, ܚܽܘܦܢܳܐ; Ethiopic ሕፍን: —also Arabic حُفْنَةٌ hollow in the ground; and, according to Zehnpfund ^{BAS i, 635}, Assyrian ḫupunnu, bowl, but ḫ = ح ?)—only du. חָפְנַיִם Ecclesiastes 4:6; cstr. חָפְנֵי Ezekiel 10:7 (del. Co intern. grounds); sf. חָפְנֶיךָ Ezekiel 10:2; חָפְנָיו Leviticus 16:12 Proverbs 30:4; חָפְנֵיכֶם Exodus 9:8; מַלֵּא ח׳ Ezekiel 10:2 + v Ezekiel 10:7 (del. Co cf. supr.);—מְלֹא ח׳ = handful Exodus 9:8 Leviticus 16:12 (both P), Ecclesiastes 4:6, material follows in implic. acc.; מי־אסף רוח בח׳ Proverbs 30:4.

חָפְנִי

n.pr.m. (Sab. n.pr. חפן Hal ^{No. 14})—one of Eli’s two sons I Samuel 1:3; I Samuel 2:34; I Samuel 4:4, I Samuel 4:11, I Samuel 4:17.

חָפַף

vb. enclose, surround, cover (Arabic حَفَّ, surround, حِفَافٌ side, or border of a thing)—only

Pt. חֹפֵף עָלָיו Deuteronomy 33:12 (poem) he (י׳) is covering him over, fig. of י׳’s sheltering Benj. (in temple; on omission of subj. v. Ges^{§ 116. 5. R 3}).

חוֹף²

n.[m.] shore, coast (as surrounding, enclosing)—ח׳ only cstr. Genesis 49:13^(×2) + 5 times:—shore of sea ח׳ הַיָּם Deuteronomy 1:7 Joshua 9:1 (both D), Judges 5:17; Jeremiah 47:7; Ezekiel 25:16; ח׳ יַמִּים Genesis 49:13 (poem); ח׳ אֳנִיּוֹת v Genesis 49:13 the shore of ships, i.e. to which ships come.

חֻפָּה²

n.f. canopy, chamber (as covering, enclosing)—abs. ח׳ Isaiah 4:5; sf. חֻפָּתוֹ Psalms 19:6; חֻפָּתָהּ Joel 2:16;—

canopy, על־כל־כבוד ח׳ Isaiah 4:5 over all glory a canopy (for protection).

chamber, of bridegroom Psalms 19:6 (metaph. of sun rising); of bride Joel 2:16 (‖ חֶדֶר of bridegroom).

חֻפָּה³

n.pr.m. I Chronicles 24:13 priest of 13th course 𝔊 Οφφα.

חַף²

adj. clean—only זַךְ אֲנִי בְּלִי֫ פָ֥שַׁע חַף אָנֹכִ֑י Job 33:9 I am pure, without transgression, I am clean (in speech of Elihu).

חָפֵץ

vb. delight in (cf. Arabic حَفِظَ be mindful of, attentive to, keep, protect, Aramaic ܚܦܛ whence ܚܦܺܝܛ eager, zealous, Arabic حَفِيظَةٌ anger (excitement), أَحْفَظَ enrage (Aramaic and Arabic of excited attention, Heb. of delighted attention), Dl ^{Pr 168} Nö ^{ZMG 1886, 742}; NH חֵפֶץ weakened to thing, v. De ^{Ec. Gloss.}, Ph. in n.pr. חפצבעל);—

Pf. ח׳ Genesis 34:19 + 28 times; f. חָפֵ֑צָה Isaiah 66:3; 2 m. חָפַצְתָּ Deuteronomy 21:14 + 4 times; חָפָ֫צְנוּ Job 21:14, etc., + 14 times Pf.; Impf. יַחְפֹּץ Deuteronomy 25:7 + 7 times; יֶחְפָּ֑ץ Psalms 37:23; Psalms 147:10; pl. יַחְפְּצוּ Isaiah 13:17; Jeremiah 6:10; יֶחְפָּ֑צוּ Psalms 68:31; יֶחְפָּצוּ֑ן Isaiah 58:2^(×2) etc. + 9 times Impf.; Inf. abs. חָפֹץ Ezekiel 18:23; on Pt. חָפֵץ = adj. verb., v. infr.;—

of men:

take pleasure in, delight in, c. בְּ, a woman Genesis 34:19 (J), Deuteronomy 21:14; Esther 2:14; a man I Samuel 18:22; I Samuel 19:1 II Samuel 20:11; in matters and things II Samuel 24:3; Isaiah 13:17; Isaiah 66:3; Jeremiah 6:10 Psalms 109:17; Psalms 112:1; Psalms 119:35; Proverbs 18:2; Esther 6:6, Esther 6:7, Esther 6:9^(×2), Esther 6:11; c. acc. Psalms 68:31 Isaiah 58:2; Ecclesiastes 8:3; implic. obj. Psalms 73:25.

delight, desire, be pleased to do a thing, would do it Deuteronomy 25:7, Deuteronomy 25:8 I Kings 9:1; Esther 6:6 Ruth 3:13 Psalms 40:9; Job 9:3; Job 13:3; Job 21:14; Job 33:32; Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 42:22.

abs. עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּ֑ץ until it please (of love) Song of Songs 2:7; Song of Songs 3:5; Song of Songs 8:4.

of God:

delight in, have pleasure in, c. בְּ, persons Numbers 14:8 (J), II Samuel 15:26; II Samuel 22:20 = Psalms 18:20, I Kings 10:9 = II Chronicles 9:8, Psalms 22:9; Psalms 41:12; Isaiah 62:4; not in the strength of a horse Psalms 147:10; in doing evil Malachi 2:17; in the death of the sinner Ezekiel 18:32; Ezekiel 33:11; but in mercy, justice, and righteousness Jeremiah 9:23; בחר באשׁר (לא) חפצתי Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4; not with (acc.) the blood of bullocks Isaiah 1:11; זבח(ים) Psalms 40:7; Psalms 51:18, Psalms 51:21, or the death of the sinner Exodus 18:23^(×2); but with חסד Hosea 6:6 Micah 7:18, אמת Psalms 51:8; with the way of a man Psalms 37:23; כל אשׁר חפץ Psalms 115:3; Psalms 135:6 Proverbs 21:1; אשׁר חפץ Isaiah 55:11; Jonah 1:14.

pleased to do a thing c. inf. Judges 13:23 I Samuel 2:25; Isaiah 53:10.

with impf. subj. (Ges§ ^142(3)c) י׳ חָפֵץ יגדיל תּורה Yahweh was pleased to magnify teaching Isaiah 42:21.—On Job 40:17 v. חָפַץ.

חָפֵץ²

adj. verb. delighting in, having pleasure in;—ח׳ Psalms 5:5 + 4 times; pl. חֲפֵצִים Malachi 3:1 Nehemiah 1:11; cstr. חֲפֵצֵי Psalms 35:27 + 2 times; sf. חֶפְצֵיהֶם Psalms 111:2; f. חֲפֵצָ֑ה I Chronicles 28:9;—

of man, c. acc. Psalms 34:13; Psalms 35:27 Malachi 3:1; c. inf. Nehemiah 1:11; abs. הֶחָפֵץ whosoever would I Kings 13:33; אם חפץ אתה if thou pleasest I Kings 21:6; נֶפֶשׁ חֲפֵצָה willing soul I Chronicles 28:9; pl. cstr. before nouns abs. Psalms 35:22; Psalms 40:15 = Psalms 70:3; דְּרוּשִׁים לְכָל־חֶפְצֵיהֶם studied of all who take pleasure in them Psalms 111:2.

of God, לֹא אֵל־חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אַתָּה thou art not a God taking pleasure in wickedness Psalms 5:5.

חֵ֫פֶץ

n.m. ^{Proverbs 3:15} delight, pleasure;—ח׳ Isaiah 54:12 + 20 times; sf. חֶפְצְךָ Isaiah 58:13 etc. + 13 times sfs.; pl. חֲפָצִים Proverbs 8:11; sf. חֲפָצֶיךָ Proverbs 3:15; חֲפָצֶ֖ךָ Isaiah 58:13—

delight אבני ח׳ Isaiah 54:12 delightful stones; אֶרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:12 delightsome land; דִּבְרֵי ח׳ Ecclesiastes 12:10; so perhaps also בִּגְדֵי ח׳ Ezekiel 27:20 garments of delight, i.e. of beauty and luxury (Gr; MT חֹפֶשׁ q.v.); c. בְּ of persons Psalms 16:3; Ecclesiastes 5:3 Malachi 1:10; of things I Samuel 15:22; I Samuel 18:25 Psalms 1:2; Job 21:21; Ecclesiastes 12:1; כְּלִי אֵין חֵפֶץ בּוֹ vessel wherein is no pleasure Jeremiah 22:28; Jeremiah 48:38; Hosea 8:8; הַחֵפֶץ לְשַׁדַּי כִּי Job 22:3 is it a pleasure to Shadday that?

desire, longing מנע מח׳ דלים Job 31:16 withhold the poor from (their) desire; מְחוֹז חֶפְצָם the city of their desire Psalms 107:30; כל חפץ all (one’s) desire II Samuel 23:5 I Kings 5:22, I Kings 5:23, I Kings 5:24; I Kings 9:11, I Kings 10:13 = II Chronicles 9:12; כל חפצים all things to be desired Proverbs 3:15; Proverbs 8:11.

the good pleasure, will, purpose, of Yahweh Judges 13:23 (J) Isaiah 44:28; Isaiah 46:10; Isaiah 48:14.

that in which one takes delight, his business (late), or matter (very late, cf. Mish. = thing) חֵפֶץ י׳ בְּיָדוֹ יִצְלַח the good pleasure (cause, business) of Yahweh will prosper in his hands Isaiah 53:10; - Isaiah 58:3, Isaiah 58:13; עֲשׂוֹת חֲפָצֶךָ doing thy affairs Isaiah 58:13 (see De in loco); בְּחֵפֶץ כַּפֶּיהָ in the business of her hands Proverbs 31:13; עֵת לְכָל־חֵפֶץ time for every matter, affair Ecclesiastes 3:1, Ecclesiastes 3:17; Ecclesiastes 8:6; אַל־תִּתְמַהּ עַל־הַחֵפֶץ marvel not at the matter Ecclesiastes 5:7.

—חפץ is not used in any of its forms in E D² H P of the Hexateuch.

חָפַץ

vb. bend down (Arabic خَفَضَ lower, depress, as wings Qor 15:88)—only

Impf. יַחְפֹּץ זְנָכוֹ כְמוֹ־אֶרֶז Job 40:17; he bendeth down (extendeth down stiffly) his tail like a cedar, v. Wetzst in De ^{Job 526} Hi ^{Hiob 299}.

חָפַר

vb. dig, search for (Arabic حَفَرَ id.; Aramaic חֲפַר, ܚܦܰܪ, id.; NH חֵפֶר act of digging)—

Pf. ח׳ Job 39:29; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ Job 11:18; וְחָפַרְתָּ֫ה Deuteronomy 23:14; חָפַרְתִּי Genesis 21:30; חָֽפְרוּ Genesis 26:18 + 2 times; חָפָ֑רוּ Genesis 26:32; חֲפָרוּהָ Numbers 21:18; Impf. וַיַּחְפֹּר Genesis 26:18, Genesis 26:22; וַיַּחְפִּרֵהוּ Psalms 7:16; וָאֶחְפֹּר Jeremiah 13:7; יַחְפְּדוּ Job 39:21 (but read יַחְפֹּר so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Di) Deuteronomy 1:22; וַיַּחְפְּרוּ Genesis 26:19 + 2 times; וַיַּחְפְּרֻהוּ Job 3:21; Inf. cstr. לַחְפֹּר Joshua 2:2, Joshua 2:3 + Isaiah 2:20 (cf. infr.); Pt. חֹפֵר Ecclesiastes 10:8;—

dig:

a well, c. acc. בְּאֵר Genesis 21:30 (E), Genesis 26:15, Genesis 26:18^(×2), Genesis 26:19, Genesis 26:21, Genesis 26:22, Genesis 26:32 (J), Numbers 21:18 (E); cf. Exodus 7:24 (E); dig (a hole, implied as obj.) Deuteronomy 23:14; a pit, with hostile purpose, as snare or trap, fig. of malicious plan, c. acc. בּוֹר Psalms 7:16 (‖ כָּרָה); so c. acc. גומץ Ecclesiastes 10:8, cf. ח׳ לְנַפְשִׁי [שַׁחַת] Psalms 35:7; of horse, dig, i.e. paw the ground, יַחְפֹּר בָּעֵמֶק Job 39:21 (so read, v. supr.) he paweth in the valley (cf. Arabic حَافِرٌ hoof).

dig for something hidden, c. acc. Job 3:21 (fig. of longing for death), Jeremiah 13:7 (no obj. expr.)

search, search out, explore, c. acc. הָאָרֶץ Joshua 2:2, Joshua 2:3 (JE), Deuteronomy 1:22; of eagle, search for food, c. acc. ח׳ אֹכֶל Job 39:29, with especially reference to keen vision (‖ מֵרָחוֹק עֵינָיו יַבִּיטוּ); so = search or look carefully about before going to rest Job 11:18 (no obj.).—לַחְפֹּר Isaiah 2:20 v. חֲפַרְפָּרָה infr.

חֵ֫פֶר

n.pr.m.

a Manassite Numbers 26:32, Numbers 26:33; Numbers 27:1 Joshua 17:2, Joshua 17:3, 𝔊 Οφερ.

a man of Judah I Chronicles 4:6; 𝔊 Ηφαλ, 𝔊L Αφερ.

one of David’s heroes, according to I Chronicles 11:36 (but on text v. Be VB and Dr II Samuel 23:36).

חֵ֫פֶר²

n.pr.loc.

Canaanitish town, with a king, named just before Aphek Joshua 12:17, exact site unknown.

I Kings 4:10 in Judah (ארץ ח׳);—on גִּ֫תָּה ח׳ Joshua 19:13, גַּת הַח׳ II Kings 14:25, v. גַּת sub יגן.

חֲפַרְפָּרָה

v. sub I. חפר.

חָפַשׂ

vb. search (𝔗^Jer חֲפַס dig, seek; Pal. Syriac dig (Schw); perhaps Assyrian êppêšu, êtpêšu, sensible, Lyon^{Sargontexte 65})—

Impf. 2 ms. sf. תַּחְפְּשֶׂ֫נָּה Proverbs 2:4; יַחְפְּשׂוּ Psalms 64:7; נַחְפְּשָׂה Lamentations 3:40; Pt. חֹפֵשׂ Proverbs 20:27;—search, search out, fig.;

search for, obj. בִּינָה etc. Proverbs 2:4 (‖ בקשׁ).

= think out, devise, c. acc. עולות unjust acts Psalms 64:7 (cf. also sub Pu.)

search = test, Lamentations 3:40 (obj. דרכינו; ‖ חקר), Proverbs 20:27.

Pf. נֶחְפְּשׂוּ Ob⁶ subj. עֵשָׂו coll.; searched out = exposed and plundered (‖ נִבְעוּ מַצְפּוּנָיו).

Pf. וְחִפַּשְׂתִּ֫י I Samuel 23:23; וְחִפְּשׂוּ I Kings 20:6; Impf. וַיְחַפֵּשׂ Genesis 31:35 + 2 times; אֲחַפֵּשׂ Amos 9:3 Zephaniah 1:12; Imv. חַפְּשׂוּ II Kings 10:23;—

search through, c. acc., a house I Kings 20:6, Jerusalem (metaph.) Zephaniah 1:12; no obj. expr. II Kings 10:23.

search for:

a person c. acc. I Samuel 23:23.

a thing, c. acc. Genesis 44:12 (J; Joseph searching for his cup); Genesis 31:35 (E; no obj. expr., Laban looking for his teraphim); Amos 9:3 (י׳ searching for evildoers), Psalms 77:7 (soul searching to understand י׳’s dealings with his servants).

Impf. יְחֻפַּשׂ Proverbs 28:12 be searched for = be hidden; Pt. מְחֻפָּשׂ Psalms 64:7 in חֵפֶשׂ מ׳ = a searched out search, i.e. a device well thought out (cf. Che; ‖ Qal q.v.); v. also חֵ֫פֶשׂ.

Pf. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ II Chronicles 35:22 (but 𝔊 הִתְחַזֵּק, cf. also 𝔙 𝔖 3 Esdr 1:26, so Be Öt); Impf. יִתְחַפֵּשׂ Job 30:18; וַיִּתְחַפֵּשׂ I Samuel 28:8 + 3 times; Inf. abs. הִתְחַפֵּשׂ I Kings 22:30 = II Chronicles 18:29;—disguise oneself (lit. let oneself be searched for) I Samuel 28:8 I Kings 22:30^(×2) = II Chronicles 18:29^(×2), II Chronicles 35:22 (but v. supr.), all of disguise by change of garments; I Kings 20:38 באפר i.e. with headgear over eyes; subj. לבושׁ Job 30:18, i.e. his garment is disguised, no longer looks like the mantle it is.

חֵ֫פֶשׂ

n.[m.] a (shrewd) device, plot, only in תָּֽמְנוּ ח׳ מְחֻפָּשׂ Psalms 64:7 (cf. חָפַשׂ supr.)

חָפַשׁ

vb. be free—only

Pf. 3 fs. כִּי לֹא חֻפָּ֑שָׁה Leviticus 19:20 (H), because she was not freed (a freed-woman).

חֹ֫פֶשׁ

n.[m.] very dub.; only בִּגְדֵי־חֹ֫פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּה Ezekiel 27:20 wide-spread (?) garments for riding, i.e. saddle-cloths, according to Thes Sm Co Da al.; but meaning spread for √ purely conject.; Gr suggests, plausibly, חֵ֫פֶץ (q.v.)

חֻפְֿשָׁה

n.f. freedom, only ח׳ לא נִתַּן־לָהּ Leviticus 19:20 (H) freedom had not been given to her.

חָפְשִׁי

adj. free (NH id.)—ח׳ Exodus 21:5 + 10 times + Psalms 88:6; pl. חָפְשִׁים Isaiah 58:6 + 4 times—

free from slavery: of Hebrew bondslave (male or female) set free in 7th year Exodus 21:2, Exodus 21:5 (JE), Deuteronomy 15:12, Deuteronomy 15:13, Deuteronomy 15:18, cf. Jeremiah 34:9, Jeremiah 34:10, Jeremiah 34:11, Jeremiah 34:14, Jeremiah 34:16; of slave (male or female) set free on account of injury done Exodus 21:26, Exodus 21:27 (JE); עֶבֶד ח׳ מֵאֲדֹנָיו Job 3:19 a slave is free from his master (i.e. in Sheʾôl); but בַּמֵּתִים חָפְשִׁי Psalms 88:6 among the dead I am free (i.e. adrift, cut off from Yahweh’s remembrance); more gen., שַׁלַּח רְצוּצִים חָפְשִׁים Isaiah 58:6 to let oppressed ones go free.

free from taxes, obligations, etc. אֵת בֵּית אָבִיו יַעֲשֶׂה חָפְשִׁי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל I Samuel 17:25 his father’s house will he make free in Israel.

חֵץ

v. sub חצץ.

חָצַב

vb. hew, hew out, cleave (NH id., Aramaic חֲצַב; SI^4.6 pt. pl. החצבם; cf. Ph. מחצב = Heb. id.)—

Pf. חָצֵב Isaiah 5:2; חָֽצְבָה Proverbs 9:1; חָצַבְתִּי Hosea 6:5, etc.; Impf. וַיַּחְצֹב II Chronicles 26:10; 2 ms. תַּחְצֹב Deuteronomy 8:9; Inf. cstr. לַחְצֹב Jeremiah 2:13; לַחְצוֹב I Chronicles 22:2; Pt. act. חֹצֵב Isaiah 10:15 + 4 times; cstr. חֹצְבִי Isaiah 22:16; חֹצְבִים I Chronicles 22:2 + 3 times; חֹצְבֵי II Kings 12:13; pass. חֲצוּבִים Deuteronomy 6:11 Nehemiah 9:25;—

hew out, (dig), wine-vat יֶקֶב Isaiah 5:2; sepulchre (קֶבֶר) Isaiah 22:16^(×2); cisterns בֹּרוֹת Deuteronomy 6:11^(×2) II Chronicles 26:10; Nehemiah 9:25, cf. Jeremiah 2:13; of mining מהרריה תַּח׳ נחשׁת Deuteronomy 8:9 out of its mountains thou mayst hew out copper.

hew stone I Chronicles 22:2; metaph. of pillars Proverbs 9:1 (subj. wisdom); elsewhere pt., hewer of stone II Kings 12:13; I Chronicles 22:2, I Chronicles 22:15 (v. SI^4.6 supr.); prob. I Kings 5:29; II Chronicles 2:1, II Chronicles 2:17 (ח׳ בָּהָר v. Be), cf. II Chronicles 24:12; Ezra 3:7.

appar. hew wood Isaiah 10:15 ח׳ בוֹ (i.e. בְּגַרְזֶן).

metaph. hew in pieces Hosea 6:5 fig. of י׳ attacking people by agency of prophets (‖ הֲרַגְתִּים); divide, cleave subj. י׳’s voice Psalms 29:7 obj. להבות אשׁ, i.e. the thunder of his voice sends forked lightnings (but on text cf. Che and crit. n.)

Impf. יֵחָצְבוּן be cut, hewn, graven (words on rock) Job 19:24.

Pf. חֻצַּבְתֶּם Isaiah 51:1 fig., hewn out of rock (of Isr.’s origin; ‖ נֻקַּר).

Pt. מַחֲצֶ֫בֶת Isaiah 51:9 hew in pieces = Qal 3, fig. of destroying רהב = Egypt (cf. Psalms 89:11).

חָצָה

vb. divide (NH id.; Arabic حَظِىَ / حُظِىَ is be fortunate, happy with one’s husband or wife, etc., i.e. have a share in happiness; حَظْوَةٌ a small arrow; Di¹³⁴ puts here Ethiopic ሐጸ: arrow, cf. חֵצִי)Qal Pf. חָצָה Numbers 31:42; וְחָצִיתָ consec. Numbers 31:27; וְחָצוּ consec. Exodus 21:35; Impf. יֶחֱצֶה Isaiah 30:28; וַיַּ֫חַץ Genesis 32:8 + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱצֵם Judges 9:43; יֶחֱצוּ Psalms 55:24; יֶחֱצוּן Exodus 21:35; יֶחֱצוּהוּ Job 40:30;—

divide, sq. כסף Exodus 21:35; שׁור v Exodus 21:35 (both JE), לִוְיָתָן crocodile Job 40:30; prey, מלקוח, Numbers 31:27 (P; c. לְ before parts); a company of people Genesis 32:8 (sq. לְ as foreg.), Genesis 33:1 (both J) Judges 9:43 (לְ as foreg.) but cf. Judges 7:16.

(appar. denom. from חֲצִי) Psalms 55:24 לא יח׳ ימיהם shall not halve their days, i.e. enjoy even half of the normal number; Isaiah 30:28 עד צואר יח׳ shall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man in half.

Impf. 3 fs. apoc. תֵּחָץ Daniel 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), sq. לְ; ולא יֵחָ֫צוּ עוד לשׁני גוים Ezekiel 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); water of Jordan II Kings 2:8, II Kings 2:14.

חָצוֹת

n.f. (Inf. form.) division, middle—only cstr. כַּחֲצֹת הַלַּיְלָה Exodus 11:4 (J)—midnight; חֲצוֹת לַיְלָה Job 34:20 Psalms 119:62, where adverb. phr. of time (בְּ om.)

חֲצִי

n.m. ^{Nu 12:12} half (NH id.; Ph. חצי; on format. v. Lag ^{BN 113})—abs. חֲצִי I Kings 3:25^(×2) + 3 times; הַחֵ֑צִי I Kings 10:7, cf. I Kings 16:21; וָחֵ֔צִי Ezekiel 40:42; וָחֵצִי Daniel 12:7 + 13 times (usually c. Pashta or Tiphcha), cf. בַּחֵ֖צִי II Samuel 10:4 I Chronicles 19:4; cstr. חֲצִי Exodus 12:29 + 84 times; sf. חֶצְיוֹ Exodus 38:4 + 7 times + Joshua 8:33 וְהַחֶצְיוֹ (but art. suspicious v. Ges^{§ 127 R 3, 4}); חֶצְיָהּ Nehemiah 3:38; חֶצְיֵנוּ II Samuel 18:3; חֶצְיָם Zechariah 14:8^(×2) + 2 times—

half of anything:—blood of offering Exodus 24:6^(×2) (JE), beard II Samuel 10:4, a hin Numbers 15:9, Numbers 15:10; Numbers 28:14 (P); curtain Exodus 26:12 (P); week ח׳ השׁבוע Daniel 9:27 etc.; ח׳ אַמָּה half a cubit Exodus 26:16; Exodus 36:21 (P) +; especially ח׳ שׁבט half a tribe Numbers 32:33; Numbers 34:13, Numbers 34:14, Numbers 34:15 (P) +; half of people II Samuel 18:3; II Samuel 19:41; I Kings 16:21^(×3) +, etc. so ח׳ הַמְּנֻחוֹת I Chronicles 2:52 and ח׳ הַמָּנַחְתִּי v I Chronicles 2:54 (v. Be and מָנַחַת sub נוח).—On כבחצי I Samuel 14:14 v. We Dr.

middle ח׳ הלילה Exodus 12:29 (J) midnight, so Judges 16:3^(×2) Ruth 3:8; of garments II Samuel 10:4; I Chronicles 19:4; altar Exodus 27:5; of the Mt. of Olives Zechariah 14:4; ח׳ יָמַי Psalms 102:25 the midst of my days (when they are but half done), Jeremiah 17:11.

חָצַץ

vb. divide (NH make a partition; Assyrian ḫaṣâṣu, cut in two, Zim^{BP 24 n.}; Ethiopic ሐጸጸ: curtail, diminish)—

Pt. חֹצֵץ intr. Proverbs 30:27 of locusts ויצא ח׳ כלו; i.e. dividing (themselves) into companies or swarms.

Pt. מְחַצְצִים v. II. חצץ.

Pf. מספר חדשׁיו חֻצָּ֑צוּ Job 21:21 the number of his months, they have been cut in two (fig. for curtailed).

חָצָץ

n.[m.] gravel (as divided, comminuted; Aramaic חֲצִיצָא, ܚܨܳܨܳܐ )—only abs. ח׳ Proverbs 20:17; Lamentations 3:16 [חֲצָצֶיךָ Psalms 77:18 v. חֵץ].—יִמָּלֵּא־פִיהוּ ח׳ Proverbs 20:17 fig. of a liar; וַיַּגְרֵס בח׳ שִׁנָּ֑י Lamentations 3:16 and he hath crushed my teeth with gravel-stones, fig. of י׳’s dealings with sufferer.

חֵץ²

n.m. ^{1 S 20:20} arrow, mostly poet. and proph. (cf. חֵצִי supr. sub חצה)—abs. ח׳ Psalms 91:5 + 9 times + I Samuel 17:7 Kt (Qr עֵץ q.v.); cstr. id. II Kings 13:17^(×2); sf. חִצִּי Job 34:6, חִצּוֹ Psalms 58:8 Zechariah 9:14, חִצָּם Psalms 11:2; Psalms 64:4; Pl. חִצִּים Genesis 49:23 + 17 times + I Samuel 20:38 Qr (Kt חֵ֫צִי q.v.) + II Samuel 22:15 (< חִצָּיו ‖ Psalms 18:15); cstr. חִצֵּי Job 6:4 Psalms 120:4 + Ezekiel 5:16 (Co חִצַּי cf. 𝔊 𝔖 Hi); חִצַּי Deuteronomy 32:23, Deuteronomy 32:42 (Ezekiel 5:16 v. supr.), חִצֶּיךָ Psalms 38:3 + 4 times חֲצָצֶיךָ Psalms 77:18; חִצָּיו Isaiah 5:28 + 5 times;—

lit., shot from bow by hand I Samuel 20:20, I Samuel 20:21^(×2), I Samuel 20:22 (𝔊 We sg., i.e. הַחֵצִי, in v I Samuel 20:21, I Samuel 20:22, see also Dr) v I Samuel 20:36, I Samuel 20:38 Qr II Kings 19:32 = Isaiah 37:33, Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 7:24; Jeremiah 50:9, Jeremiah 50:14; Jeremiah 51:11; Ezekiel 39:3, Ezekiel 39:9; I Chronicles 12:2; shot from engine of war II Chronicles 26:15; used in divination Ezekiel 21:26 cf. II Kings 13:15^(×2), II Kings 13:17^(×2), II Kings 13:18; בַּעֲלֵי חִצִּים = archers Genesis 49:23.

fig. of Israel’s weapons Numbers 24:8, of the (Messianic) king Psalms 45:6, of Yahweh’s judgments Deuteronomy 32:23, Deuteronomy 32:42; Job 6:4 (cf. חִצִּי = my wound Job 34:6), Psalms 7:14; Psalms 38:3; Psalms 58:3 (but on text cf. Che^{crit. n.}) Psalms 64:8; Psalms 120:4 (? cf. Che); further Proverbs 7:23; Lamentations 3:12; Ezekiel 5:16; in theoph. Psalms 18:15 = II Samuel 22:15, cf. Habakkuk 3:11 Zechariah 9:14 Psalms 77:18; Psalms 144:6; of wicked men’s violence Psalms 11:2 cf. Psalms 91:5, under fig. of lion’s teeth Psalms 57:5; their words Psalms 64:4 cf. Proverbs 25:18; Jeremiah 9:8; simile, of strength and efficiency derived from one’s children, Psalms 127:4; of a deceiver’s words Proverbs 26:18; metaph. of servant of ח׳ בָּרוּר י׳ Isaiah 49:2.—In I Samuel 17:7 read עֵץ (for חֵץ) as Qr and ‖ II Samuel 21:19 = the shaft; v. עֵץ; so Klo Dr

חצצר

v. IV. חצר.

חָצֵר

n.m. Ezekiel 40:23 and (oftener) f. ^{1 K 6:36} enclosure, court—abs. ח׳ I Kings 7:8 +, חָצֵרָה Jeremiah 36:20; cstr. חֲצַר Exodus 27:9 +; sf. חֲצֵרוֹ II Samuel 17:18; חֲצֵרוֹת Exodus 8:9 + 4 times; cstr. חַצְרֵי Nehemiah 13:7, חַצְרוֹת II Kings 21:5 + 10 times; sf. חֲצֵרָ֑י Isaiah 1:12; Zechariah 3:7; חֲצֵרֶיךָ Psalms 65:5; Psalms 84:11; חֲצֵרוֹתָ֑י I Chronicles 28:6; חֲצֵרֹחָיו Psalms 100:4, לְחַצְרוֹתָ֑יו Psalms 96:8, וּבְחַצְרֹתֵיהֶם Nehemiah 8:16;—

enclosures (in Egypt), perhaps court-yards, or cattle-yards, distinct from houses and from fields Exodus 8:9 (J).

court of private house II Samuel 17:18 (containing well), cf. Nehemiah 8:16; of a palace, חָצֵר הָאַחֶרֶת I Kings 7:8 the other court, immediately surrounding palace, so called in distinct. from (הֶ)ח׳ הַגְּדוֹלָה v I Kings 7:9, I Kings 7:12 the great court, including ח׳ הא׳ and הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימִית of temple (v. 3 b) in one great enclosure (v. Sta^{Salomos Bauten, ZAW 1883, 152f.}); II Kings 20:4 (MSS. Qr Vrss The al.; Kt Ke al. הָעִיר), Jeremiah 36:20 Esther 1:5; Esther 2:11; Esther 4:11; Esther 5:1, Esther 5:2; Esther 6:4^(×2), Esther 6:5; ח׳ מַטָּרָה court of guard, place of (honourable) confinement Jeremiah 32:2 (in king’s house), v Jeremiah 32:8, Jeremiah 32:12; Jeremiah 33:1; Jeremiah 37:21^(×2); Jeremiah 38:6, Jeremiah 38:13, Jeremiah 38:28; Jeremiah 39:14, Jeremiah 39:15. Especially

court of tabernacle חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן Exodus 27:9, cf. v Exodus 27:9, Exodus 27:12, Exodus 27:13 + 24 times Ex (all P; שַׁעַר הֶח׳ gate of the court Exodus 35:17; Exodus 38:15, Exodus 38:18, Exodus 38:31; Exodus 39:40; Exodus 40:8, Exodus 40:33); Leviticus 6:9, Leviticus 6:19; Numbers 3:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח הֶח׳), v Numbers 3:37; Numbers 4:26^(×2) (פֶּתַח שַׁעַר הֶח׳), v Numbers 4:32; courts of house of י׳ I Chronicles 23:28.

court(s) of Sol.’s temple, inner c. הֶח׳ הַפְּנִימית I Kings 6:36; I Kings 7:12 (but on txt. v Sta^l.c.) Ezekiel 8:16; Ezekiel 10:3 cf. v Ezekiel 10:4; = upper c. הֶח׳ הָעֶלְיוֹן Jeremiah 36:10 (v. Gf), and ח׳ הַכֹּהֲנִים II Chronicles 4:9 (where also הָעֲזָרָה הַגְּדוֹלָה, as often Ezek., also דְּלָתוֹת לָעֲזָרָה); outer court הֶח׳ הַחִיצֹנָה Ezekiel 10:5 = הֶח׳ הַחֲדָשָׁה II Chronicles 20:5; v. further I Kings 8:64 = II Chronicles 7:7, II Chronicles 24:21; II Chronicles 29:16; Jeremiah 19:14; Jeremiah 26:2; Ezekiel 8:7; two courts II Kings 21:5 = II Chronicles 33:5, II Kings 23:12; courts Ezekiel 9:7; I Chronicles 28:12; II Chronicles 23:5; Nehemiah 8:1, Nehemiah 8:6; Nehemiah 13:7; often poet., courts of י׳ Isaiah 1:12; Isaiah 62:9 (ח׳ קדשׁי) Zechariah 3:7 Psalms 65:5; Psalms 84:3, Psalms 84:11; Psalms 96:8; Psalms 100:4; Psalms 116:19; Psalms 135:2.

courts of Ezek.’s temple Ezekiel 40:14 + 38 times Ezekiel 40-46 (of these read הַשַּׁעַר for החצר Ezekiel 40:19, Ezekiel 40:32 with 𝔊 Hi Co; and החיצון for החצר Ezekiel 41:15 with 𝔊 Ew Co; cf. Ezekiel 42:6 הַחִיצֹנוֹת for הַחֲצֵרוֹת); s. תִּיכוֹן on p. 1064.

חָצֵר²

n.m. ^{Ne 11:25} settled abode, settlement, village (Lag^l.c.)—always pl., abs. חֲצֵרִים Joshua 19:8 + 5 times; cstr. חַצְרֵי I Chronicles 9:16; Nehemiah 12:28; sf. חֲצֵרֶיהָ Joshua 21:12 + 4 times; חַצְרֵיהֶם I Chronicles 4:33 + 6 times; חַצְרֵיהֶן Joshua 13:23 + 24 times; Jos;—

settlements of Ishmaelites Genesis 25:16 (P; ‖טִירוֹת circles of tents); of עַוִּים Deuteronomy 2:23; of Kedar Isaiah 42:11 (‖ עָרִים); בָּתֵּי הַחֲצֵרִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין־לָהֶם חֹמָה סָבִיב Leviticus 25:31 (H), houses of the villages which have no wall about them; מַאֲרַב חֲצֵרִים Psalms 10:8 lurking-place(s) of villages (i.e. where oppressor, as a wild beast, watches his opportunity to attack the defenceless). Usually

as dependencies of cities Joshua 15:46, with בְּנֹתֶיהָ (v. supr. בַּת 4 p. 123) Joshua 15:45, Joshua 15:47⁽×2⁾ (all JE?); וְכָל־הַח׳ אֲשֶׁר סְבִיבוֹת הֶעָרִים Joshua 19:8 (P), also Joshua 21:12 (P) = I Chronicles 6:41, Nehemiah 12:29; also Joshua 13:23, Joshua 13:28; Joshua 15:32 + 23 times Jos (all P), Nehemiah 11:25, Nehemiah 11:30 (‖ בָּנוֹת v Nehemiah 11:25, Nehemiah 11:27 etc.), Nehemiah 12:28.

villages, not contrasted with cities (cf. Isaiah 42:11 supr.) I Chronicles 9:16, I Chronicles 9:22, I Chronicles 9:25 (all of Levites).

ח׳ appar. incl. all settlements outside of Jerusalem הַח׳ בִּשְׂדֹתָם Nehemiah 11:25.—ח׳ in n.pr.loc. v. infr. (and see Bla on Joshua 15:20-32).

חָצֵר הַתִּיכוֹן

n.pr.loc. Ezekiel 47:16 𝔊 Sm Co חָצֵ֫רָה עינון (q.v.); it is described as אֲשֶׁר אֶל־גְּבוּל חַוְרָן; Wetzst^{ZKW, 1884, v. 114} identif. with Ḥaḍar (حَضَر) ‘at the foot of the eastern corner of Hermon.’

חָצוֹר

n.pr.loc. (Lag^{BN 47 f.})—𝔊 Ασωρ, etc.;

a royal city of northern Canaan Joshua 11:1 יָבִין מֶלֶךְ־ח׳, cf. Joshua 12:19, and Judges 4:2, Judges 4:17; I Samuel 12:9; Joshua 11:10^(×2), Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:13; Joshua 19:36; II Kings 15:29; חָצֹר I Kings 9:15.

places in the Negeb:

Joshua 15:25 וחָצוֹר חֲדַתָּה וּקְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר.

חָצוֹר Nehemiah 11:33 a Benjamite town, prob. = בַּעַל חָצוֹר q.v.

מַמְלְכוֹת חָצוֹר אֲשֶׁר הִכָּה נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּו֯ר Jeremiah 49:28, cf. v Jeremiah 49:30, Jeremiah 49:33, an Arabian locality, v. Winer^{RW Hazor} Gf Gie.—עֵין ח׳ Joshua 19:37, v. sub עַיִן.

חָצִיר

n.[m.] settled abode or haunt (‖ form of חָצֵר supr., or textual error for it);—נְוֵה תַנִּים חָצִיר לִבְנוֹת יַעֲנָה Isaiah 34:13 a dwelling of jackals (and) a haunt for ostriches; also בִּנְוֵה תַנִּים רִבְצָהּ חָצִיר לְקָנֶה וָגֹ֑מֶא Isaiah 35:7 an abode, home, of reeds and rushes (so Che Di Du al.; others put this under ii. חָצִיר); Che Du think the v. mutilated, and would emend this line according to Isaiah 34:13.

חֶצְרוֹ

(n.pr.m. cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חצֿר DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 56})—one of David’s heroes, called the Carmelite, חצרו II Samuel 23:35 Kt (חֶצְרַי Qr; 𝔊 Ασαραι) = חֶצְרוֹ I Chronicles 11:37 𝔊 Ησεραι, Ασαραι, Εσρει.

חֶצְרוֹן

n.pr.loc. et pers. (cf. Sab. חצֿרן n.pr.loc. vel. trib. Hal^{No. 651} DHM^{ZMG 1883, 15})—

n.pr.loc. 𝔊 Ασωρων, Ασερων, Εσρωμ:

חֶצְרוֹן Joshua 15:3 place in extreme south of Judah, + אַדָּ֫רָה = חֲצַר־אַדָּר (q.v.) Numbers 34:4.

קְרִיּוֹת חֶצְרוֹן הִיא חָצוֹר Joshua 15:25 another town of Judah in south.

n.pr.m. 𝔊 Ασρωμ(ν), Εσρων, etc.:

חֶצְרֹן son of Reuben Genesis 46:9; Exodus 6:14; Numbers 26:6 = חֶצְרוֹן I Chronicles 5:3.

son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah Genesis 46:12; Numbers 26:21 = חֶצְרוֹן Ruth 4:18, Ruth 4:19; I Chronicles 2:5, I Chronicles 2:9, I Chronicles 2:18, I Chronicles 2:21, I Chronicles 2:24^(×2), I Chronicles 2:25; I Chronicles 4:1.

חֲצֵרוֹת

n.pr.loc. 𝔊 Ασηρωθ, a station of Isr. in wilderness: חֲצֵרוֹת Numbers 11:35^(×2); Numbers 12:16 = חֲצֵרֹת Numbers 33:17, Numbers 33:18; Deuteronomy 1:1.

חֲצַרְמָ֫וֶת

n.pr.m. (Arabic حَضْرَمَوْت, Sab. חצֿרמות, חצֿרמת, Os^{ZMG 1865, 239 ff.} DHM^{ZMG 1883, 18. 412})—a ‘son’ of יָקְטָן, 5th in order from Shem (שֵׁם, 1. אַרְפַּכְשַׁד; 2. שֶׁלַח; 3. עֵבֶר; 4. יָקְטָן; 5. ח׳) Genesis 10:26 = I Chronicles 1:20, 𝔊 Ασαρ(α)μωθ; = n.pr.terr. a district in southern Arabia, where dwelt the Χατραμωτῖται (Strabo ^{xvi. 4. 2}); mod. Ḥaḍramaut (or Ḥaḍramût, see Maltzan^{ZMG 1871, 493} Mordt^{ZMG 1876, 323}, van d. Berg^{p. 9}, v. infr.) is same land, but not quite co-extensive; v. Di Genesis 10:26, Ritter ^{Erdkunde xii (Arabien i) 609 ff.}, de Goeje^{Ḥadhr. 1886}, van den Berg^{Ḥadhramout, 1886}, Glaser^{Skizze ii. 20, 423 ff. etc.}; on its precise limits see especially Ritter ^{611 ff.}, de Goeje^l.c. van d. Berg ^{ch. 1}.

חָצִיר²

n.m. ^{Is 15:6} green grass, herbage, abs. חָצִיר Numbers 11:5 + 16 times; cstr. חֲצִיר Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26, Psalms 129:6;—

grass, as food for animals I Kings 18:5; Job 40:15 Psalms 104:14; Psalms 147:8; Proverbs 27:25 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and עֵשֶׂב), Isaiah 15:6 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא and יֶרֶק); spec. of leeks (as still sometimes in Aramaic, v. Löw^{pp. 226, 228}) Numbers 11:5 (v. Di); in sim. of abundant growth Isaiah 44:4 (v. 𝔊 Ew Che); on Isaiah 35:7; v. I. חָצִיר supr.

as type of what is quickly perishing Job 8:12, hence fig. of perishing enemies חֲצִיר גַּגּוֹת Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26 (‖ דֶּשֶׁא, עֵשֶׂב), Psalms 129:6, i.e. having no depth of root; of wicked, soon to be cut down Psalms 37:2; with special reference to Israel’s oppressors Isaiah 40:6 (‖ ציץ [השׂרה]), v Isaiah 40:7 (‖ id.), v Isaiah 40:7, Isaiah 40:8 (‖ id.), Isaiah 51:12; in sim. of frail man Psalms 90:5; man’s days Psalms 103:15 (‖ ציץ השׂדה).

חֲצֹצְרָה

n.f. clarion (NH חֲצוֹצֶרֶת, Aramaic חֲצוֹצַרְתָּא)—mostly P and late;—abs. ח׳ Hosea 5:8; pl. abs. חֲצֹצְרוֹת Numbers 10:8 + 22 times; חֲצֹצְרֹת Numbers 10:9, Numbers 10:10; cstr. id. Numbers 31:6; II Chronicles 13:12; חֲצוֹצְרֹת Numbers 10:2; clarion:

as secular instr. Hosea 5:8 (‖ שׁוֹפָר) II Kings 11:14^(×2) = II Chronicles 23:13^(×2).

as sacred instr. II Kings 12:14, especially for use by priests (only P, Psalms 98 and Chr).

תקע בח׳ (of blowing a single long blast) Numbers 10:3, Numbers 10:4, Numbers 10:7, Numbers 10:8, to gather congreg. or נשׂיא׳ together, and, on festivals, over sacrif., ‘to be remembered before י׳,’ v Numbers 10:10.

תקע תרועה בח׳, or הריע בח׳ (of sounding alarm,—a series of quick blasts) for camps to move Numbers 10:5, Numbers 10:6, also in battle, v Numbers 10:9, ‘to be remembered before י׳;’ so Numbers 31:6; II Chronicles 13:12 (cf. v II Chronicles 13:14), both ח׳ התרועה.

especially in Chr’s descriptions of ceremonies at festivals, to express rejoicing: I Chronicles 13:8; I Chronicles 15:28 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר), I Chronicles 16:6, I Chronicles 16:42; II Chronicles 15:14 (‖ שׁוֹפָר), II Chronicles 20:28; II Chronicles 29:26, II Chronicles 29:27; Ezra 3:10; Nehemiah 12:35, Nehemiah 12:41, Psalms 98:6 (‖ קוֹל שׁוֹפָר); הָרִים קוֹל בח׳ II Chronicles 5:13; מחצצרים בח׳ I Chronicles 15:24; II Chronicles 5:12, II Chronicles 5:13; II Chronicles 13:14; in II Chronicles 29:28 this pt. agrees with noun in sense, and is masc.; and the clarions (= players on the clarions) sounded.—The חֲצֹצְרָה, or (sacred) clarion, was a long, straight, slender metal tube, with flaring end, v. Benz^{Archäol 277}; distinguished thus from the שׁוֹפָר which was originally a ram’s horn, and prob. always retained the horn-shape; the שׁוֹפָר is mentioned constantly in the earlier lit., and was used by watchmen, warriors, etc., as well as priests (v. Benz^{ib. 276} and שׁוֹפָר).

חֻקָּה

v. sub חקק.

חֲקוּפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nehemiah 7:52, 𝔊 Αφεικα, Αχειφα, Ακουφα, etc.

חָקַק

vb. cut in, inscribe, decree (NH id., Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinj. חקק; Ph. id. Pt. Hiph.; Arabic حَقَّ be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; حَقٌّ justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic ሕቅ: adj. moderate, sufficient; cf. also חקה)—

וְחַקּוֹתָ֫ Ezekiel 4:1; sf. חַקֹּתִיךְ Isaiah 49:16; Inf. sf. בְּחֻקּוֹ Proverbs 8:27; בְּחוּקוֹ Proverbs 8:29 (assim. to בְּשׂוּמוֹ); Imv. חֻקָּהּ Isaiah 30:8; Pt. חֹקְקִי Isaiah 22:16 (archaic ending Ges^{§ 90. 3a}) pl. חֹקְקִים Isaiah 10:1; cstr. חוֹקְקֵי Judges 5:9 (poss. Poʿel = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, v. Ges§ ^{52 (2), note 6}); Pt. pass. pl. חֲקֻקִֿים Ezekiel 23:14 (Co חקוקים);—

cut in, with בְּ, Isaiah 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.

cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, c. על on roll of a book Isaiah 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Ezekiel 4:1; images on a wall Ezekiel 23:14; fig. of Zion’s walls on palms of י׳ Isaiah 49:16.

trace, mark out, a circle, c. על over the face of deep Proverbs 8:27; c. acc., foundations of earth v Proverbs 8:29.

of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), fig. for enact, decree חקקים חקקי און Isaiah 10:1 (‖ כתב עמל); חוֹקְקֵי ישׂראל poet. = commanders (v. Poʿel) Judges 5:9 (‖ מחקקים) v Judges 5:14). Poʿel Impf. יְחוֹקְקוּ Proverbs 8:15; Pt. מְחֹקֵק Genesis 49:10; Numbers 21:18; Deuteronomy 33:21; sf. מְחֹקְקִי Psalms 60:9; Psalms 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Isaiah 33:22; pl. מְחֹקְקִים Judges 5:14;—inscribe (as a law), enact (poet.): c. acc. צֶדֶק Proverbs 8:15 elsewhere pt.

prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Deuteronomy 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Judges 5:14; Isaiah 33:22 (of י׳; ‖ שֹׁפְטֵנוּ, מַלְכֵּנוּ).

commander’s staff Genesis 49:10 (‖ שֵׁבֶט), Numbers 21:18 (both poet.), Psalms 60:9 = Psalms 108:9.

Pt. מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Proverbs 31:5 (late).

Impf. יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Job 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.

חֹק

n.m. ^{Mi 7:11} something prescribed, a statute or due;—ח׳ Genesis 47:22 + 22 times; חָק־ Exodus 30:21 + 14 times; sf. חֻקִּי Proverbs 30:8 + 3 times; חָקְךָ Leviticus 10:13, Leviticus 10:14 etc. + 4 times sfs.; pl. חֻקִּים Deuteronomy 4:5 + 31 times; cstr. חֻקֵּי Exodus 18:16; חוּקֵּ֯י Ezekiel 20:18; also חִקֲקֵי Judges 5:15; Isaiah 10:1 (Ges^{§ 93, 1 R 7}); חֻקָּו֯ Job 14:5 etc. + 44 times sfs.—

prescribed task, assigned to Isr. in Egypt Exodus 5:14 (E).

prescribed portion, or allowance of food Genesis 47:22^(×2) (J); Proverbs 30:8; Proverbs 31:15; Ezekiel 16:27; מחקי Job 23:12 (RV; < 𝔊 𝔙 Ol Me Di SS בְּחֵקִי in my bosom).

action prescribed for oneself, resolve: חִקֲקֵי לֵב Judges 5:15 resolves of mind ‖ חִקְרֵי לֵב v Judges 5:16.

prescribed due of the priests from offerings Leviticus 6:11; Leviticus 10:13^(×2), Leviticus 10:14^(×2) (P); due of י׳ Leviticus 6:15 (P); לח׳ עולם Exodus 29:28; Leviticus 7:34; Leviticus 10:15; Numbers 18:8, Numbers 18:11, Numbers 18:19 (all P), Leviticus 24:9 (H); portion of oil for the תּרומה Ezekiel 45:14.

prescribed limit, boundary: of sea Jeremiah 5:22; Proverbs 8:29; Proverbs 30:8; waters Job 26:10; heavens Psalms 148:6; land of Israel Micah 7:11; of time Job 14:5, Job 14:13; so פָּֽעֲרָה פִיהָ לִבְלִי חֹ֑ק Isaiah 5:14 She’ôl openeth wide her mouth, without limit.

enactment, decree, ordinance of either God or man:

specific decree: law of fifth in Egypt Genesis 47:26 (J); of passover Exodus 12:24 (J); lament for Jephthah’s daughter Judges 11:39; for Josiah II Chronicles 35:25; חק ומשׁפט Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (both E), I Samuel 30:25; חק עולם Exodus 30:21; ‖ עֵדוּת, מִשְׁפָּט Psalms 81:5, Psalms 81:6 (law of a festival).

of י׳ in nature Job 28:26.

respecting Mess. king Psalms 2:7; day of י׳ Zephaniah 2:2 MT, but on text v. We and טֶרֶם (p. 382); covenant with Jacob Psalms 105:10 = I Chronicles 16:17; destiny of man Job 23:14.

law in general עלי חק according to law, right Psalms 94:20 (others against law); לַמֵּד ח׳ ומשׁפט Ezra 7:10; ‖ בּרית and תורות Isaiah 24:5; ‖ עדות Psalms 99:7.

pl. חֻקִּים enactments, statutes of a law:

of י׳ in nature Jeremiah 31:36.

of the prophets Zechariah 1:6.

conditions of deed of purchase Jeremiah 32:11.

enactments ‖ מִשְׁפָּטִים: ancestral Ezekiel 20:18; given by God as punishment for disobedience Ezekiel 20:25.

decrees of unjust judges חִקֲקֵי־אָוֶן Isaiah 10:1.

civil enactments prescribed by God: חֻקֵּי האלהים Exodus 18:16 (E; ‖ תּוֹרֹתָיו), v Exodus 18:20 (E; ‖ id.)

elsewhere of prescriptions of the several codes of Hex: Leviticus 10:11; Numbers 30:17 (P), Deuteronomy 4:6; Deuteronomy 6:24; Deuteronomy 16:12 Psalms 119:5 + 20 times, Malachi 3:7; ‖ תּוֹרַת י׳ Amos 2:4; ח׳ ותורות Psalms 105:45; דברי הת׳ והח׳ Deuteronomy 17:19; ‖ ברית Psalms 50:16; ח׳ וברית ועדות II Kings 17:15; usually either ‖ משׁפטים Deuteronomy 4:1, Deuteronomy 4:5, Deuteronomy 4:8, Deuteronomy 4:14; Deuteronomy 5:1; Deuteronomy 11:32; Deuteronomy 12:1; Deuteronomy 26:16, I Kings 9:4 = II Chronicles 7:17, I Chronicles 22:13; Ezekiel 11:12; Ezekiel 36:27, or else ח׳ ומשׁפטים combined with others synon. (usually preceding): e.g. דבר(ים) Psalms 147:19; תורה II Chronicles 33:8; Malachi 3:22; מצוה Deuteronomy 5:25; Deuteronomy 6:1; Deuteronomy 7:11; מצות Nehemiah 1:7; I Kings 8:58; מצוה, תורה II Chronicles 19:10; עֵדֹת Deuteronomy 4:45; Deuteronomy 6:20; sometimes foll.: e.g. תורות Leviticus 26:46; מצוה, תורה II Kings 17:37; or in different order, e.g. מ׳ ותורות ח׳ ומצות Nehemiah 9:13; מצות ומ׳ וח׳ Nehemiah 10:30; ח׳ ומצות ומ׳ Deuteronomy 26:17. Apart from משׁפטים it is combined with מצות, e.g. מ׳ וח׳ Exodus 15:26 (R), Deuteronomy 27:10; ח׳ ומ׳ Deuteronomy 4:40; I Kings 3:14; I Kings 8:61; מ׳ וח׳ ותורה Nehemiah 9:14; מ׳ ועדות וח׳ Deuteronomy 6:17; I Chronicles 29:19; II Chronicles 34:31; דברי מ׳ וח׳ Ezra 7:11; it is used c. vbs.: נתן Leviticus 26:46 + 3 times; צוּה Numbers 30:17 + 9 times; למּד Deuteronomy 4:1 + 10 times; שׁמר Deuteronomy 26:17 + 16 times; עשׂה Deuteronomy 6:24 + 5 times; שׁמר לעשׂות Deuteronomy 11:32 + 4 times; הלך בְּ I Kings 8:61 + 3 times—[On usage of חֹק v. חֻקָּה ad fin.]

חֻקָּה²

n.f. ^{Ex 13:10} something prescribed, enactment, statute;—ח׳ Numbers 9:14 + 2 times; cstr. חֻקַּת Exodus 12:14 + 28 times; pl. חֻקּוֹת Jeremiah 5:24 + 12 times; חֻקֹּת Leviticus 20:23; Jeremiah 31:35; sf. חֻקּוֹתַי Genesis 26:5 + 14 times; חֻקֹּתַי Leviticus 18:4 + 21 times etc.;—

sg. statute, of special ritual laws: of passover Exodus 13:10 (J); elsewhere only in P (and H), חקת הפסח Exodus 12:43; Numbers 9:12, Numbers 9:14; ח׳ התורה Numbers 19:2; Numbers 31:21; ח׳ משׁפט Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29; ח׳ עולם Exodus 12:14, Exodus 12:17; Exodus 27:21; Exodus 28:43; Exodus 28:29;Exodus 28:9; Leviticus 3:17; Leviticus 10:9; Leviticus 16:29, Leviticus 16:31, Leviticus 16:34; Leviticus 23:21, Leviticus 23:31; Leviticus 24:3; Numbers 10:8; Numbers 15:15; Numbers 18:23; Numbers 19:10, Numbers 19:21 (all P), Leviticus 17:7; Leviticus 23:14, Leviticus 23:41 (H); חֻקָּה אַחַת לַגֵּר ולאזרח Numbers 9:14; Numbers 15:15.

pl. statutes:

of nature ח׳ שׁמים Job 38:33; Jeremiah 33:25; of moon and stars Jeremiah 31:35; of weeks of harvest Jeremiah 5:24.

fig. of a firmly established custom ח׳ עמרי Micah 6:16; ח׳ הגוי(ם) Leviticus 20:23 (H); II Kings 17:8; ח׳ העמים Jeremiah 10:3; idolatry ח׳ ישׂראל II Kings 17:19; sexual offences Leviticus 18:30 (H).

ח׳ דוד statutes of David I Kings 3:3.

‖ משׁפטים II Samuel 22:23 = Psalms 18:23 (of the law known to David); ‖ מצות Psalms 89:32; ברית וח׳ I Kings 11:11; elsewhere of the prescriptions of the codes of D, H, P, Ez: usually חקות ומשׁפטים Leviticus 18:5, Leviticus 18:26; Leviticus 19:37; Leviticus 20:22 (H), Leviticus 25:18; Numbers 9:3 (P), I Kings 11:33 Ezekiel 5:7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9; Ezekiel 20:11, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:19, Ezekiel 20:21; preceded by מצות Deuteronomy 30:16; followed by מצות Leviticus 26:15 (H), Deuteronomy 11:1; I Kings 6:12; תורה ומצוה II Kings 17:34; or else משׁפטים וחקות Leviticus 18:4; Leviticus 26:43 (H), Ezekiel 5:6^(×2); Ezekiel 18:17; Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:24; Ezekiel 37:24; preceded by מצות Deuteronomy 8:11; in diff. order, ח׳ מצות ומ׳ ועדות I Kings 2:3; frequently also ח׳ ומצות Leviticus 26:3 (H), Deuteronomy 6:2; I Kings 11:38; II Chronicles 7:19; or מצות (ו)ח׳ Deuteronomy 10:13; Deuteronomy 28:15, Deuteronomy 28:45; Deuteronomy 30:10; I Kings 9:6; I Kings 11:34; Ezekiel 43:11 (Co), II Kings 17:13; foll. by תורות Genesis 26:5 (R); מצות ועדות וח׳ II Kings 23:3; תורה וח׳ Jeremiah 44:10; ותורה וח׳ ועדות Jeremiah 44:23; ח׳ ותורות Ezekiel 44:5; Ezekiel 43:11 (Co); תורות יח׳ Ezekiel 44:24; special ordinances are ח׳ המזבח Ezekiel 43:18; ח׳ בית י׳ Ezekiel 44:5; ח׳ חיים Ezekiel 33:15 (which are life to those who keep them); ח׳ עולם תמיד (𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 Talm Co del. עולם) Ezekiel 46:14.

phrases of obedience are הלך ב׳ Leviticus 18:3; Leviticus 20:23; Leviticus 26:3 (H), I Kings 3:3; I Kings 6:12; II Kings 17:8, II Kings 17:19; Jeremiah 44:10, Jeremiah 44:23; Ezekiel 5:6, Ezekiel 5:7; Ezekiel 11:20; Ezekiel 18:9, Ezekiel 18:17; Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:16, Ezekiel 20:19, Ezekiel 20:21; Ezekiel 33:15; שׁמר Leviticus 18:4, Leviticus 18:5, Leviticus 18:26; Leviticus 19:19, Leviticus 19:37; Leviticus 20:8, Leviticus 20:22 (H), Genesis 26:5 (R), Deuteronomy 6:2; Deuteronomy 8:11; Deuteronomy 10:13; Deuteronomy 11:1; Deuteronomy 28:45; Deuteronomy 30:10, Deuteronomy 30:16; I Kings 2:3; I Kings 9:6; I Kings 11:11, I Kings 11:34, I Kings 11:38; II Kings 17:13; II Kings 23:3; Ezekiel 18:19, Ezekiel 18:21; Ezekiel 37:24; Ezekiel 43:11; Ezekiel 44:24; עשׂה Leviticus 25:18 (P), Deuteronomy 28:15; I Kings 11:33; עשׂה כח׳ II Kings 17:34; בח׳ אֶשְׁתַּעֲשָׁ֑ע Psalms 119:16; phrases of disobedience are מאס ח׳ Ezekiel 20:24 מאס בח׳ Leviticus 26:15 (H); געל Leviticus 26:43 (H); עזב II Chronicles 7:19; חלל Psalms 89:32.—[חֹק and חֻקָּה differ somewhat in shade of meaning and frequency in various writings: e.g. חֹק oftener in Jb ψ Pr (חֻקָּה not at all Pr, once Jb), and in Chr (חֻקָּה only II Chronicles 7:19); חֻקָּה often in K, rarely in Hex. except in P (H); in proph., חֹק occurs Amos 2:4; Isaiah 5:14; Isaiah 24:5; Micah 7:11; Je 3 times, Ez 6 times, חֻקָּה only Ez, Je (6 times) and Micah 6:16; חֻקִּים especially in Dt and Psalms 119, חֻקּוֹת especially in H, Ez and sometimes (8 times) Dt; חֹק עוֹלָם usually = due, חֻקַּת ע׳ much more often statute, ordinance, etc.]

חוּקֹק²

n.pr.loc. only I Chronicles 6:60, prob. error for חֶלְקַת (q.v.) Joshua 19:25; Joshua 21:31.

חָקַר

vb. search (NH id., Niph. pass., Aramaic חֲקַר)—

Pf. 3 ms. sf. וַחֲקָרוֹ consec. Proverbs 18:17; חֲקָרָהּ Job 28:27; וְחָֽקַרְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 13:15 etc.; Impf. יַחְקֹר Job 13:19; יַחֲקָר־ Psalms 44:22; יַחְקְרֶנּוּ Proverbs 28:11; אֶחְקֹר I Samuel 20:12; תַּחְקְרוּן Job 32:11; נַחְקֹ֑רָה Lamentations 3:40 etc.; Imv. חָקְרֵנִי Psalms 139:23; חִקְרוּ Judges 18:2; Inf. חֲקֹר II Samuel 10:3 + 2 times; לַחְקוֹר Proverbs 23:30; לְחָקְרָהּ Judges 18:2;—

search (for), sq. acc. Proverbs 23:30; Job 32:11; abs. וְדָרַשְׁתָּ֫ וְחָקַרְתָּ֫ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֫ הֵיטֵיב Deuteronomy 13:15; lit. Ezekiel 39:14 (i.e. for bones unburied).

search through, explore, lit., obj. הארץ Judges 18:2 (‖ רַגֵּל) v Judges 18:2, I Chronicles 19:3 (‖ id.); city העיר II Samuel 10:3 (‖ id.), of mining Job 28:3; search out a subject or matter Job 5:27; Job 28:27; Proverbs 25:2 Psalms 44:22.

search a man, find out his sentiments (AV sound him) I Samuel 20:12.

of י׳ searching man, c. acc. Psalms 139:1 (‖ ידע), v Psalms 139:23 (‖ id.) Job 13:9, cf. Jeremiah 17:10 (obj. לֵב).

of examining thoroughly, so as to expose weakness in a case Job 29:16; Proverbs 18:17, cf. Proverbs 28:11; so of self-examination ח׳ דרכים Lamentations 3:40 (‖ חפשׂ).

Pf. נֶחְקַר I Kings 7:47; II Chronicles 4:18; Impf. יֵחָקֵר Jeremiah 46:23; יֵחָֽקְרוּ Jeremiah 31:37 be searched out, found out, ascertained, I Kings 7:47; II Chronicles 4:18 (weight of the bronze used in temple utensils), of forest Jeremiah 46:23; searched out, Jeremiah 31:37 subj. מוסדי־ארץ.

Pf. חִקֵּר Ecclesiastes 12:9 he sought out many proverbs (מְשָׁלִים; ‖ אִזֵּן).

חֵ֫קֶר

n.m. ^{Ju 5:16} searching, thing (to be) searched out;—abs. הֵ֫קֶר Job 5:9 + 8 times; cstr. id. Proverbs 25:27 + 2 times; pl. cstr. חִקְרֵי Judges 5:16;—חִקְרֵי לֵב Judges 5:16 searchings, questionings of heart; Job 11:7 canst thou reach ח׳ אֱלוֹהַּ i.e. what is to be explored in him, the whole range of his nature, so ח׳ תהום Job 38:16 the range of the deep; especially אֵין ח׳ i.e. it is unsearchable Job 5:9; Job 9:10 Psalms 145:3 Proverbs 25:3 Isaiah 40:28, cf. לא ח׳ Job 34:24; Job 36:26; ח׳ אבותם Job 8:8 i.e. thing searched out by their fathers.

חֹר²

v. ii. חור; ii, iii חֹר, חֻר v. ii, iii חרר.

חָרֵב

vb. be dry, dried up (cf. יָבֵשׁ) (Aramaic חֲרוֹב be dry, חוּרְבָּא drought);—

Pf. 3 pl. חָֽרְבוּ Genesis 8:13^(×2), Isaiah 19:6; Impf. 3 ms. יֶחֱרַב Hosea 13:15 + 2 times, וַיֶּחֱרָ֑ב Psalms 106:9; Imv. fs. חֳרָ֑בִי Isaiah 44:27;—be dry, dried up:

of ground, be freed from waters of flood ח׳ פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה Genesis 8:13 (J).

of waters, be dried up, taken away; of waters of flood Genesis 8:13 (P); of Nile וְנָהָר יֶחֱרַב וְיָבֵשׁ Isaiah 19:5 (‖ וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַיִם מֵהַיָּם), v. same combination Job 14:11 (‖ אָֽזְלוּ מַיִם מִנִּי־יָם); Isaiah 19:6 (‖ דָּֽלֲלוּ) Isaiah 44:27 (‖ הוֹבִישׁ); of Red Sea Psalms 106:9; fig. of Ephraim’s freshness and vigour Hosea 13:15.

Pf. 3 pl. לֹא חֹרָ֑בוּ Judges 16:7, Judges 16:8, of fresh bow-strings (of gut, v. Bla).

Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Nahum 1:4, of י׳’s drying up rivers (‖ וַיַּבְּשֵׁהוּ), perhaps also Isaiah 11:15 (for MT החרים) v. 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗; וְהַחֲרַבְתִּ֫י the Euphrates Jeremiah 51:36 (‖ הוֹבַשְׁתִּי); Impf. אַחֲרִיב יָם Isaiah 50:2, subj. י׳, I dry up a sea (‖ אָשִׂים נְהָרוֹת מִדְבָּר); אַחְרִב Isaiah 37:25 = אַחֲרִב II Kings 19:24, of king of Assyria drying up rivers of Egypt; Pt. fs. הַמַּחֲרֶבֶת Isaiah 51:10 of י׳’s arm drying up (Red) Sea.

חָרֵב²

adj. dry, only fs. חֲרֵבָה Leviticus 7:10 of meal-offering not moistened (with oil; P); פַּת־חֲרֵבָה Proverbs 17:1 a dry morsel.

חֹ֫רֶב

n.m. ^{Genesis 31:40} dryness, drought, heat, abs. ח׳ Genesis 31:40 + 11 times + Deuteronomy 28:22 (for MT חֶרֶב; v. Di, sq. 𝔙; 𝔊 and 𝔊L om.);—

dryness Judges 6:37, Judges 6:39, Judges 6:40 (all of absence of dew); Jeremiah 50:38 (‖ יָבֵשׁ); so read also Zechariah 11:17 (for MT חֶרֶב, see v b and Sta^{ZAW i. 1881, 29}), a drying up upon his arm (i. e. a withering) and upon his right eye.

drought Haggai 1:11 + Deuteronomy 28:22 v. supr.

parching heat (of sun) Genesis 31:40 (opp. קֶ֫רַח), Jeremiah 36:30 (opp. id.); Isaiah 4:6; Isaiah 25:4, Isaiah 25:5^(×2) of fever Job 30:30.

חָֽרָבָה

n.f. dry ground;—abs. ח׳ Genesis 7:22 + 7 times; opp. הַיָּם Exodus 14:21 (J). Haggai 2:6; cf. Genesis 7:22 (J); opp. water of Jordan Joshua 3:17^(×2) (J), Joshua 4:18 (E), II Kings 2:8; of Nile-arms וְנָתַתִּ֫י יְאֹרִים ח׳ Ezekiel 30:12.

חָרֵב³

be waste, desolate (NH חָרֵב id.; Aramaic חֲרוֹב, ܚܪܰܒ be laid waste; Zinj. חרב adj.; Arabic خَرِبَ be in ruins, waste, depopulated; Assyrian ḫarâbu, be waste, Dl^{Pr 175}, ḫuribtu, desert, Lotz^TP);—Qal Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחֱרַ֔ב Jeremiah 26:9, תֶּחֱרָ֔ב Isaiah 34:10; 3 mpl. יֶחֶרְבוּ Ezekiel 6:6, יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Amos 7:9 Isaiah 60:12; Isaiah 60:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַבְנָה Ezekiel 6:2; Ezekiel 12:20; Imv. חֳרָבִי Isaiah 44:27, חָרְבוּ (so, not חָֽרְבוּ—Theile—v. Kö^{i. 244}) Jeremiah 2:12; Inf. abs. חָרֹב Isaiah 60:12;—be waste, desolate; of sanctuaries of Isr. Amos 7:9 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ), of altars Ezekiel 6:6; of cities Jeremiah 26:9; Ezekiel 6:6; Ezekiel 12:20 (‖ שׁמם); of nations Isaiah 34:10, חָרֹב יֶחֱרָ֑בוּ Isaiah 60:12 (‖ יֹאבֵדוּ); fig., in address to the heavens חָרְבוּ מְאֹד Jeremiah 2:12—(‖ שֹׁמּוּ, וְשַׂעֲרוּ), be very desolate (at sins of Isr.); others, be amazed, astounded (on relation of meanings v. שׁמם). Niph. Pt. f. נֶחֱרֶבֶת Ezekiel 26:19 as adj., desolate city, i.e. uninhabited, v. context; נַחֲרָבוֹת Ezekiel 30:7 of desolate countries (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱרִיב Ezekiel 19:7; 1 s. הֶחֱרַבְתִּי Zephaniah 3:6; 3 pl. הֶחֱרִיבוּ Isaiah 37:18 II Kings 19:17; Impf. 1 s. אַחֲרִיב Isaiah 42:15; Pt. מַחֲרִיב Judges 16:24; pl. c. sf. מַחֲרִיבַיִךְ Isaiah 49:17;—lay waste, make desolate, human subj.; nations and lands Isaiah 37:18 = II Kings 19:17, Isaiah 42:15, cf. pt. Isaiah 49:17 (‖ מְהָֽרְסַיִךְ); add prob. with We Amos 4:9 (הֶחֱרַבְתִּי for the untranslateable הַרְבּוֹת) I have devastated your gardens and vineyards; pt. Judges 16:24 desolater of our country (‖ הִרְבָּה אֶת־חֲלָלֵ֑נוּ); obj. cities Ezekiel 19:7; streets Zephaniah 3:6 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ). Hoph. Pf. 3 fs. הָחֳרָ֑בָה Ezekiel 26:2 she is laid waste, of a city; Pt. מָחֳרָבוֹת Ezekiel 29:12 laid waste, of cities (‖ שׁמם).

חָרֵב⁴

adj. waste, desolate;—ms. abs. ח׳ Jeremiah 33:10 + 5 times; fs. חֲרֵבָה Nehemiah 2:3 + 2 times; fpl. הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ezekiel 36:35, Ezekiel 36:38 (v. Kö^{i. 241});—of a city, defined מֵאֵין אָדָם וּמֵאֵין בְּהֵמָה Jeremiah 33:10, cf. v Jeremiah 33:12; also Nehemiah 2:3, Nehemiah 2:17; הֶעָרִים הֶחֳרֵבוֹת Ezekiel 36:35 (+ הַנְשַׁמּוֹת, הַנֶּהֱרָסוֹת; opp. בְּצוּרוֹת יָשָׁ֑בוּ), Haggai 1:4, Haggai 1:9 (בַּיִת).

חֹ֫רֶב²

n.[m.] desolation;—עָרֵי ח׳ Isaiah 61:4 cities of desolation (‖ שֹׁמֲמוֹת, and, in v a, חָרְבוֹת); cf. Zephaniah 2:14 (but read עֹרֵב, 𝔊 We al.) Jeremiah 49:13; מִצְרַיִם חָרְבוֹת ח׳ Ezekiel 29:10 Egypt shall be wastes of desolation (but 𝔊 𝔙 Co wastes of the sword, חֶרֶב for חֹרֶב); + Ezekiel 38:8 Co, who reads מֵחֹרֶב (or מֵחָרְבָּה).

חֹרֵב

n.pr.mont. Horeb (waste, desert)—𝔊 Χωρηβ (v. Lag^{BN 85}); אֶל־הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵ֑בָה Exodus 3:1 (E), cf. עַד הַר הָאֱלֹהִים חֹרֵב I Kings 19:8; הַצּוּר בִּחֹרֵב Exodus 17:6, הַר חוֹרֵב Exodus 33:6 (both E); מֵחֹרֵב, בְּחֹרֵב Deuteronomy 1:2, Deuteronomy 1:6, Deuteronomy 1:19; Deuteronomy 4:10, Deuteronomy 4:15; Deuteronomy 5:2; Deuteronomy 9:8; Deuteronomy 18:16; Deuteronomy 28:69; I Kings 8:9 II Chronicles 5:10 Psalms 106:19 Malachi 3:22; the sacred mountain of the wilderness, no geograph. diff. from סִינַי discoverable, but synonym of it in E and (especially) D (except poem Deuteronomy 33:2; vid. סִינַי P).

חָרְבָּה

n.f. waste, desolation, ruin;—abs. ח׳ Leviticus 26:31 + 15 times + Ezekiel 38:8 (del. 𝔖 Co) + Ezekiel 38:12 חרבה 𝔊 Co for חרבות; pl. חֳרָבוֹת Psalms 9:7 + 11 times (Ezekiel 38:12, cf. supr.); cstr. חָרְבוֹת Isaiah 5:17 + 7 times; sf. חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Isaiah 49:19; חָרְבֹתָיו Ezra 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 51:3; חָרְבוֹתֶיהָ Isaiah 44:26; חָרְבוֹתֵיהֶם Psalms 109:10 + II Chronicles 34:6 (cf. חֶרֶב and infr.); (chiefly mid. and late Heb. Isaiah 2 8 times; Je 10 times Ez 14 times—incl. Ezekiel 38:8, q. del. Co);—

waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Leviticus 26:31, Leviticus 26:33 (H); Judah Isaiah 44:26; Isaiah 49:19 (‖ שֹׁמְמֹת), Isaiah 58:12 (בנה), Jeremiah 25:18; Jeremiah 27:17; Jeremiah 44:2, Jeremiah 44:6 Ezekiel 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Isaiah 52:9 Daniel 9:2; also Ezekiel 35:4; cf. Malachi 1:4 (c. בנה), Ezekiel 36:10 (c. בנה) v Ezekiel 36:33 (id.); Egypt Ezekiel 29:9, Ezekiel 29:10 (in both ‖ שְׁמָמָה; חרבות חֹרֶב in v Ezekiel 29:10); ruin of temple Ezra 9:9; = ruined dwellings Psalms 109:10; cf. II Chronicles 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בּחר בתיהם (v. חֶרֶב sub III. חרב); Jeremiah 22:5; in gen. ruins (si vera l., v. Di; obj. of בנה) Job 3:14; כוס ח׳ Psalms 102:7 an owl of a ruin.

of land: waste place amid ruins Isaiah 5:17, cf. Isaiah 51:3 (‖ מִדְבָּר, עֲרָבָה); land a desolation Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 44:22 Ezekiel 25:13 (Edom) Jeremiah 25:11 Isaiah 64:10 and Ezekiel 33:24, Ezekiel 33:27 (of Judah), cf. Ezekiel 13:4, כְּשֻׁעָלִים בח׳ sim. of the prophets; הח׳ הַשֹּׁמֵמוֹת Ezekiel 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Isr. Psalms 9:7 (ח׳ לָנֶ֫צַח); ח׳ עולם = old ruins Isaiah 61:4 (c. בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 49:13 (cities of Bosra); ה׳ מעולם Ezekiel 26:20 (sim. of Tyre) pl. חֲרָבוֹת deserts (?) Isaiah 48:21.

חָרַב

vb. (Aramaic and rare) attack, smite down (cf. Arabic حَرَبَ plunder, iii. wage war with, vi. fight together, حَرْبٌ war, battle; Syriac ܚܪܰܒ smith, slay)—

Imv. ms. חֲרֹב Jeremiah 50:21 attack (+ וְהַחֲרֵם אַחֲרֵיהֶם); mpl. חִרְבוּ v Jeremiah 50:27 obj. כָּל־פָּרֶיהָ, fig. of men of Babylon.

Pf. 3 pl. נֶחֶרְבוּ המלכים (v. Hoph.) הָחֳרֵב II Kings 3:23 the kings have attacked one another, fought together (‖ וַיַּכּוּ אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ).

Inf. abs. II Kings 3:23, v. Niph., but read perhaps הֵחָרֵב, cf. Dr Leviticus 19:20, note.

חֶ֫רֶב

n.f. Isaiah 21:15 sword (as weapon; Aramaic חַרְבָּא, ܚܰܪܒܳܐ, Zinj. חרב; Arabic حَرْبَةٌ dart, javelin) —abs. חֶ֫רֶב Genesis 3:24 +; חָ֑רֶב Exodus 17:13 +; cstr. חֶ֫רֶב Deuteronomy 33:29 +; sf. חַרְבִּי Exodus 15:9 + 13 times; חַרְבְּךָ Genesis 27:40 + 7 times; חַרְבֶּ֑ךָ I Samuel 17:33 Psalms 17:13; חַרְבּוֹ Numbers 22:23 + 24 times; חַרְבְּכֶם Jeremiah 2:30 Ezekiel 33:26; חַרְבָּם Psalms 37:15; Psalms 44:4; pl. חֲרָבוֹת Isaiah 21:15 + 5 times; cstr. חַרְבוֹת Joshua 5:2 + 2 times; sf. חַרְבוֹתָיו Ezekiel 26:9; חַרְבוֹתָם Isaiah 2:4 + 5 times; חַרְבֹתֵיהֶם Micah 4:3 + 2 times;—

sword, as weapon of war Genesis 48:22 (E), Judges 7:14, Judges 7:20 I Samuel 21:9, and so in all periods; two-edged (short) sword ח׳ וְלָהּ שְׁנֵי פֵיוֹ֖ת גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ Judges 3:16, cf. ח׳ פִּיּוֹת Proverbs 5:4 (in sim.), ח׳ פִּיפִיּוֹת Psalms 149:6; v. also צוּר ח׳ edge of sword Psalms 89:44.

gird on sword = חָגַר הח׳ I Samuel 17:39; I Samuel 25:13^(×3) Psalms 45:4 (ח׳ הח׳ עַל יָרֵך), שִׂים על ירך Exodus 32:27, cf. especially II Samuel 20:8.

draw the sword הֵרִיק הח׳ Exodus 15:9 Leviticus 26:33 Ezekiel 5:2, Ezekiel 5:12; Ezekiel 12:14; Ezekiel 28:7, הוציא הח׳ Ezekiel 21:8, Ezekiel 21:10, פתח הח׳ Psalms 37:14 Ezekiel 21:33, נטשׁ Isaiah 21:15 (Gr Che לטשׁ v. infr.); usually שׁלף הח׳ Numbers 22:23, Numbers 22:31 Joshua 5:13 Judges 3:22; Judges 8:10, Judges 8:20; Judges 9:54 I Samuel 17:51; I Samuel 31:4 = I Chronicles 10:4; I Chronicles 21:16, and as characteristic of warriors שֹׁלֵף ח׳ Judges 20:2, Judges 20:15, Judges 20:17, Judges 20:25, Judges 20:35, Judges 20:46 II Samuel 24:9 II Kings 3:26, I Chronicles 21:5^(×2); וַתִּדְבַּק יָדוֹ אֶל־הַח׳ II Samuel 23:10, ins. also in ‖ I Chronicles 11:13 (Dr).

whet, sharpen the sword לטשׁ הח׳ Psalms 7:13 (cf. Isaiah 21:15 supr.), but also שׁנן Deuteronomy 32:41 cf. Psalms 64:4, הוּחַדָּה Ezekiel 21:14, Ezekiel 21:16.

put up the sword into the sheath הֵשִׁיב הח׳ אֶל־נְדָנָהּ I Chronicles 21:27 (sheath of sword is elsewhere תַּעַר I Samuel 17:51 II Samuel 20:8 Jeremiah 47:6 Ezekiel 21:8).

slay with sword הרג בח׳ Joshua 10:11; Joshua 13:22 +; in ימותו אנשׁים I Samuel 2:33, insert בְּחֶרֶב before אנשׁים 𝔊 We Dr; rarely הכה בח׳ Joshua 11:10 II Kings 19:37 = Isaiah 37:38; very often הִכָּה לְפִי־ח׳ smite according to the mouth of the sword i.e. as the sword can devour (II Samuel 2:26; II Samuel 11:25) = without quarter Numbers 21:24 (E) Deuteronomy 13:16; Deuteronomy 20:13 Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:14 (all D) Judges 18:27; Judges 21:10 I Kings 10:25 Job 1:15, Job 1:17; also c. העיר as sole obj. Joshua 8:24; Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:30, Joshua 10:32, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 10:37, cf. v Joshua 10:39; Joshua 19:47 Judges 1:8, Judges 1:25; Judges 20:37 I Samuel 22:19^(×2) II Samuel 15:14; הרג לפי־ח׳ †Genesis 34:26 (J); החרים לפי־ח׳ Deuteronomy 13:16 (incl. הָעִיר in obj.), Joshua 6:21 I Samuel 15:8, חלשׁ לפי־ח׳ †Exodus 17:13 (E); נפל לפי־ח׳ Joshua 8:24 Judges 4:16; וַיָּהָם י׳ … לפי־ח׳ Judges 4:15;—(לפי־ח׳ is chiefly in Jos and Ju (21 times), in Hexat. only JED; but Jb post-ex.).

אכלה הח׳ etc., of the sword as devouring:—תֹּאכֵל חַרְבִּי בָשָׂר Deuteronomy 32:42 (poet.), II Samuel 2:26; II Samuel 11:25; II Samuel 18:8 Isaiah 1:20 Jeremiah 2:30 Jeremiah 46:10, Jeremiah 46:14 Nahum 2:14.

slain by sword is חֲלַל־ח׳ Numbers 19:16 (P) and frequently Ez, חַלְלֵי־ח׳ Ezekiel 31:17, Ezekiel 31:18; Ezekiel 32:21, Ezekiel 32:25, Ezekiel 32:28, Ezekiel 32:29, Ezekiel 32:30, Ezekiel 32:32; Numbers 35:8 מְחֻלְלֵי ח׳ v Numbers 35:26 < Co חללי־ח׳ (on text of Numbers 32:20, Numbers 32:22, Numbers 32:31 v. Co).

שְׁבֻיוֹת ח׳ Genesis 31:26 are captive of (taken by) sword.

sword frequently agent of י׳ Judges 7:20 Isaiah 34:6 Jeremiah 12:12; Jeremiah 47:6 etc.,—so Deuteronomy 28:22, but read חֹרֶב v. sub I. חרב (cf. on other hand I Samuel 17:47); note especially Genesis 3:24 לַהַט הח׳ הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת; poet. לַהַב ח׳ Nahum 3:3, בְּרַק ח׳ Deuteronomy 32:41. k. ח׳ fig. of tongue Psalms 57:5 cf. Psalms 59:8; fig. of violence, war, etc., Genesis 27:40; in sim. Proverbs 5:4 (of grievous end of dealings with strange women).

knife ח׳ צֻרִים flint knives for use in circumcision Joshua 5:2, Joshua 5:3 (v. We^{Skizzen iii, 166}); Ezekiel 5:1, Ezekiel 5:2 ח׳ חַדָּה תַּעַר הַגַּלָּבִים (according to Co use of sword as razor is significant).

of tools used in hewing stone חַרְבְּךָ הֵנַפְתָּ עליה Exodus 20:22; יִתֹּץ בח׳ Ezekiel 26:9, according to most = tools, axes, ‘steel’ (Co ‘Eisen’), but poss. swords as implement read to hand; II Chronicles 34:6 Qr בְּחַרְבֹתֵיהֶם with their tools; read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם in their ruins, Be, who comp. Psalms 109:10; v. חָרְבָּה sub II. חרב (𝔊 𝔙 om. חרב).

חַרְבוֹנָא

n.pr.m. eunuch of Ahasuerus Esther 1:10 = חַרְבוֹנָה Esther 7:9 (Pers. خربان = donkey driver, Vullers ^{i, 668 b}).

חָרַד

vb. tremble, be terrified (Assyrian ḫarâdu, id., according to Dl^{HA 20, Pr 46}; Arabic خَرِدَ be bashful, shamefaced; NH חֲרָדָה a trembling)—

Pf. וְחָרַד consec. Isaiah 19:16, חָֽרְדָה Isaiah 10:29, חָרַדְתְּ II Kings 4:13, חָרְדוּ I Samuel 13:7; I Samuel 14:15, וְחָֽרְדוּ consec. Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 32:10; Impf. יֶחֱרַד Job 37:1, וַיֶּחֱרַד Genesis 27:33 + 5 times; יֶחְרְדוּ Hosea 11:10 Ezekiel 26:18, יֶֽחֶרְדוּ Hosea 11:11, יֶחֱרָ֑דוּ Amos 3:6 Isaiah 41:6, וַיֶּֽחֶרְדוּ Genesis 42:28 + 2 times; Imv. חִרְדוּ Isaiah 32:11;—

tremble, quake, of a mountain Exodus 19:18—so ℌ, but read הָעָם, 𝔊 v. Di (E); of isles Ezekiel 26:18 (metaph., in fear); so Isaiah 41:5 (קְצוֹת הארץ, ‖ אִיִּים יראו).

tremble, of persons under supernat. infl. I Samuel 14:15 (‖ חֲרָדָה, וַתִּרְגַּז הָאָרָץ); start, start up (out of sleep) Ruth 3:8; in mental disturbance Genesis 27:33 (J; c. acc. cogn.) tremble, in terror Exodus 19:16 (E), Isaiah 32:11 (‖ רגז), be startled (at sound of trumpet) Amos 3:6 cf. I Kings 1:49 (+ קום, הלך, ירא); tremble Ezekiel 26:16; Ezekiel 32:10 sq. לְ = at, Job 37:1 (לִבִּי), be terrified, of Egypt (personif.) Isaiah 19:16 (‖ פָּחַד), Ramah Isaiah 10:29, of Saul I Samuel 28:5 subj. לִבּוֹ, ‖ ירא).

be anxiously careful חָרַדְתְּ אֵלֵנוּ את־כל הַחֲרָדָה הַזּאֹת II Kings 4:13.

with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling I Samuel 13:7 (sq. מֵאחריו 𝔊L We Dr) Genesis 42:28 (E; sq. אֶל־) I Samuel 16:4 (sq. לִקְרָאתוֹ) so I Samuel 21:2, Hosea 11:10 (מִיָּם) v Hosea 11:11 (מִמִּצְרַיִם).

Pf. הֶחֱרִיד Judges 8:12, וְהַחֲרַדְתִּ֫י II Samuel 17:2; Pt. מַחֲרִיד Leviticus 26:6 + 11 times; Inf. cstr. הַחֲרִיד Ezekiel 30:9 Zechariah 2:4;—drive in terror, rout an army, sq. acc. Judges 8:12 Ezekiel 30:9 Zechariah 2:4 cf. II Samuel 17:2; (We proposes החרידו Hosea 5:8 ‘setzt Benj. in Schrecken,’ for MT אַחֲרֶיךָ); in Pt. abs., only in וְאֵין מ׳; and none shall terrify, i.e. disturb the peace of those reposing—שׁכב, שׁקט, רבץ, ישׁב, ישׁב לָבֶטַח—in the promised land Leviticus 26:6, so after captivity Jeremiah 30:10 = Jeremiah 46:27, also Ezekiel 34:28; Ezekiel 39:26 Micah 4:4 Zephaniah 3:13; of undisturbed peace of the righteous Job 11:19; peace of flocks in forsaken cities Isaiah 17:2; undisturbed feeding on carrion by fowl and beast Deuteronomy 28:26 Jeremiah 7:33, undisturbed prowling of lions Nahum 2:12 metaph. of Assyrians).

חָרֵד

adj.verb. of foregoing, trembling;—חָרֵד Judges 7:3 + 3 times; חֲרֵדִים Isaiah 66:5 Ezra 10:3—trembling (from fear), abs. Judges 7:3 (‖ ירא), I Samuel 4:13 (subj. לִבּוֹ, sq. עַל, for, in behalf of); in awe and reverence, at word of God, sq. בְּ Ezra 9:4 Isaiah 66:2 (sq. עַל), v Isaiah 66:5 (sq. אֶל); cf. ח׳ בְּמִצְוַת אל׳ Ezra 10:3.

חֲרֹד

n.pr.loc. only עֵין ח׳ (v. sub עַיִן), a camping-place of Gideon and Israel. Judges 7:1.

חֲרָדָה

n.f. trembling, fear, anxiety—חֲרָדָה Genesis 27:33 + 5 times + Ezekiel 38:21 (read for הָרַי, B Co cf. Dr I Samuel 14:15); cstr. חֶרְדַּת I Samuel 14:15 Proverbs 29:25 (v. Lag^{BN 113}); pl. חֲרָדוֹת Ezekiel 26:16;—

trembling, quaking (of terror ascribed to supernat. cause) I Samuel 14:15^(×2) (hence ח׳ אלהים v. Dr; ‖ וַתִּרְגַּז־הארץ) cf. Ezekiel 38:21 (v. supr.); Daniel 10:7; קול ח׳ Jeremiah 30:5 voice of trembling; sq. gen. obj. ח׳ אָדָם Proverbs 29:25 trembling before man; opp. pleasure Isaiah 21:4; tremblings (pl.) Ezekiel 26:16 under fig. of garment (ח׳ ילבשׁו), of effect on coast-princes of fall of Tyre.

anxious care II Kings 4:13, acc. cogn. c. חָרַד.

חֲרָדָה²

n.pr.loc. a station of Isr. in wilderness Numbers 33:24, Numbers 33:25, site unknown.

חָרָה

vb. burn, be kindled, of anger (Aramaic חרי Pa. cause fire to burn (rare); Zinj. חרא anger, Nö^{ZMG 1893, 98. 103}; Arabic حَرْوَةٌ burning sensation, in throat, etc., from rage and pain)—

Pf. ח׳ Genesis 4:6 + 20 times; Impf. יֶחֱרֶה Exodus 32:11 + 2 times; יִ֫חַר Genesis 18:30 + 7 times; וַיִּ֫חַר Genesis 4:5 + 46 times; Inf. abs. חָרֹה I Samuel 20:7; cstr. חֲרוֹת II Samuel 24:1 Psalms 124:3;—

of man:

חרה אף (one’s) anger was kindled, burned Genesis 39:19 Numbers 22:27 (J), Exodus 32:19, Exodus 32:22 (JE), Judges 9:30; Judges 14:19 I Samuel 11:6 Job 32:2, Job 32:5; c. בְּ against Genesis 30:2 (E), Genesis 44:18 (J), I Samuel 17:28; I Samuel 20:30 II Samuel 12:5 II Chronicles 25:10 Psalms 124:3 Job 32:2, Job 32:3; c. אֶל Numbers 24:10 (E).

impers., אף omitted; חרה לְ it was kindled for (him) he burned with anger Genesis 31:36 (E), Genesis 4:5, Genesis 4:6; Genesis 34:7 Numbers 16:15 (J), I Samuel 15:11 (read perhaps וַיֵּצֶר, Weir in Dr), I Samuel 18:8; I Samuel 20:7^(×2) II Samuel 3:8; II Samuel 6:8 = I Chronicles 13:11, II Samuel 13:21; II Samuel 19:43 Nehemiah 3:33; Nehemiah 4:1; Nehemiah 5:6 Jonah 4:1, Jonah 4:4, Jonah 4:9^(×2); ins. ויחר לדוד II Samuel 11:22 𝔊 We Dr; ח׳ בְּעֵינֵי Genesis 31:35; Genesis 45:5 (E).

of God:

ח׳ אף Exodus 22:23 Numbers 22:22 (E), Numbers 11:1, Numbers 11:10; Numbers 32:10 (J); c. בְּ Exodus 4:14; Exodus 32:10 Numbers 12:9 Deuteronomy 31:17 (J), Deuteronomy 6:15; Deuteronomy 7:4; Deuteronomy 11:17; Deuteronomy 29:26 Joshua 23:16 (D), Judges 6:39 II Samuel 6:7 = I Chronicles 13:10, Hosea 8:5 II Kings 23:26 II Chronicles 25:15 Job 42:7; בְּעַם Exodus 32:11 Numbers 11:33 (J), Isaiah 5:25 Psalms 106:40; בישׂראל Numbers 25:3; Numbers 32:13 (JE); Judges 2:14, Judges 2:20; Judges 3:8; Judges 10:7 II Samuel 24:1 II Kings 13:3; בבני ישׂראל Joshua 7:1 (R); בנהרים, אף omitted, Habakkuk 3:8; c. עַל Zechariah 10:3.

חרה לְ Genesis 18:30, Genesis 18:32 (J) II Samuel 22:8 = Psalms 18:8.—

חרה not in HP (who use קצף); nor in Je Ez Isaiah 2 Pr or poetry of Jb.

Pf. נִחֲרוּ־ sq. בְּ Song of Songs 1:6 (according to Bö ^{ii. 379} De Kö^{i. 551}) be angry with; Pt. כֹּל הַנֶּחֱרִים בְּ׳ all that are incensed against (thee) Isaiah 41:11, so Isaiah 45:24.

Pf. הֶחֱרָה הֶחֱזִיק Nehemiah 3:20 burned with zeal (?) in repairing, but 𝔊 om. החרה; prob. dittogr.; Impf. וַיַּחַר עָלַי אַפּוֹ Job 19:11 and kindled his anger against me.

Impf. אַל תִּתְחַר Psalms 37:1, Psalms 37:7, Psalms 37:8 Proverbs 24:19 heat oneself in vexation.—The foll. forms are somewhat dub.: Impf. 2 ms. אֵיךְ תְּתַחֲרֶה אֶת־הַסּוּסִים Jeremiah 12:5 how canst thou hotly contend (in a race) with the horses? Pt. כִּי אַתָּה מְתַחֲרֶה בָאָ֑רֶז Jeremiah 22:15 because thou strivest eagerly (to excel) in cedar; expl. as Tiphʿēl by Thes Ges^{§ 55, 5} Ew^{§ 122 a} Ol^{§ 255 a} Sta^{§ 159 b} Kö^{i. p. 557} al., and regarded by most as a rare causative stem; but ag. existence of Tiphʿēl v. Ba^{NB § 180 a; ZMG 1894, 20}; Ba regards the form as denom. (from a noun formed by ת preform., cf. Aramaic ܬܰܚܪܘܽܬܳܐ contention); SS would point as Hithp. [cf. Syriac ܐܶܬܚܪܺܝ contend with, ܚܶܪܝܳܢ contention], although meaning of Hithp. is diff., v. supr.

חָרוֹן

n.m. (burning of) anger (cf. Lag^{BN 204 Anm.} )—ח׳ Ezekiel 7:12 + 2 times; cstr. חֲרוֹן Numbers 25:4 + 33 times; sf. חֲרוֹנִי Ezekiel 7:14 (Co חרון), חֲרוֹנוֹ Psalms 2:5; חֲרֹנְךָ Exodus 15:7; pl. sf. חֲרוֹנֶי֑ךָ Psalms 88:17;—always of God’s anger (v. note, infr.), חֲרוֹן אף Exodus 32:12 Numbers 25:4; Numbers 32:14 Joshua 7:26 (J), Deuteronomy 13:18 I Samuel 28:18 II Kings 23:26 II Chronicles 28:11, II Chronicles 28:13; II Chronicles 29:10; II Chronicles 30:8 Ezra 10:14 Hosea 11:9 Nahum 1:6 Zephaniah 2:2; Zephaniah 3:8 Isaiah 13:9, Isaiah 13:13 Jeremiah 4:8, Jeremiah 4:26; Jeremiah 12:13; Jeremiah 25:37, Jeremiah 25:38; Jeremiah 30:24; Jeremiah 49:37; Jeremiah 51:45 Jonah 3:9 Psalms 69:25; Psalms 78:49; Psalms 85:4 Job 20:23 Lamentations 1:12; Lamentations 4:11; אף om., Exodus 15:7 (song), Nehemiah 13:18 Psalms 2:5 Ezekiel 7:12 (del. Co), v Ezekiel 7:14; pl. bursts of burning anger Psalms 88:17.—

כְּמוֹ־חָרוֹן Psalms 58:10 burning anger 𝔊 𝔙 Jer AV Bae Che; but Thes MV SS DeW Ew Ol Pe, something burning, e.g. thorns, antith. green thorns; Hengst De cooked flesh, antith. raw; Jeremiah 25:38 מפני ח׳ הַיּוֹנָה because of the fierceness of the oppressor (? AV) would then be the only use of the word of other than God’s anger; here 𝔊 𝔗 Ew Hi Gf Ke Che Gie RV rightly read חרב oppressing sword (as Jeremiah 46:16; Jeremiah 50:16). חרון is not used in H P D ² or E (except song, Exodus 15:7) of the Hex; nor in Ez except Ezekiel 7:12 (del. Co), v Ezekiel 7:14.

חֳרִי

n.m. burning, always חֳרִי (הָ)אַף of Moses Exodus 11:8 (J); Jonathan I Samuel 20:34; army of Ephraim II Chronicles 25:10; Rezin Isaiah 7:4; of God Deuteronomy 29:23 Lamentations 2:3.

חַרְהֲיָה

v. חרחיה.

חֲרוּמַף

n.pr.m. father of one of the builders of the wall Nehemiah 3:10.

חַרְחֲיָה

(van d. H. חרהיה), n.pr.m. (√ and meaning. unknown)—father of one of the builders of the wall, Neh.’s time Nehemiah 3:8.

חַרְחוּר

v. sub i. חרר.

חַרְחַס

n.pr.m. grandfather of Shallum, who was husband of Huldah the prophetess II Kings 22:14 (v. חַסְרָה).

חַרְטֹם

n.m. ^{Exodus 7:22} engraver, writer, only in deriv. sense of one possessed of occult knowledge, diviner, astrologer, magician (prob. = ם + חֶרֶט, v. Di Ol^{§ 216, 5} Sta^{§§ 295, 327 a})—only pl. abs. חַרְטֻמִּים Genesis 41:24 + 4 times; חַרְטֻמִּם Exodus 8:15; Exodus 9:11; cstr. חַרְטֻמֵּי Genesis 41:8 + 2 times;—

magicians of Egypt Genesis 41:8 (E; ‖ חֲכָמִים), v Genesis 41:24 (E), Exodus 8:3, Exodus 8:14, Exodus 8:15; Exodus 7:11 (‖ חֲכָמִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים), v Exodus 7:22 Exodus 9:11^(×2) (all P).

magicians of Babylon Daniel 1:20; Daniel 2:2 (‖ אַשָּׁפִים, מְכַשְּׁפִים, כַּשְׂדִּים). the fact that the word is always applied to Egypt. magicians, except Daniel 2:2 (late), suggests Egypt. origin, but no agreement among Egyptologists: HarkavyJAs^{, 1870, Mars–Avril, 169} proposes xar, speak + tum, hidden = teller of hidden things; Wied^{Samml 44}: thinks Heb. word perhaps imitating an Egypt. cher-ṭem-t, he who holds the book; FCCook ^{‘Speaker’s’ Comm. i. 279} proposes cher-tum = bearer of sacred words.

חֳרִי²

חֹרִי²

white bread v. sub I. חור.

חֹרִי³

n.pr.gent. v. sub III. חרר.

חָרוּל

n.[m.] a kind of weed, perhaps chickpea (cicercula), v. Löw ^{p. 153} (Syriac ܚܽܘܪܠܴܐ fodder for horses; 𝔗 Proverbs 24:31 gives חוּרְלָא)—abs. ח׳ Job 30:7 Zephaniah 2:9; pl. חֲרֻלִּים Proverbs 24:31;—as growing in devastated land, coll. Zephaniah 2:9; in vineyard of slothful, pl. כִּסּוּ פניו ח׳ Proverbs 24:31 (‖ קִמְּשׂנִים); as sole shelter of certain outcast peoples Job 30:7 (שִׂיחִים).

חָרַם

vb.Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate (MI¹⁷ החרמתה of devoting, dedicating a city to Chemosh, in cl. with כי explaining massacre of all inhabitants; the altar-hearth of י׳ there was dragged before Chemosh; حَرُمَ be prohibited, forbidden, unlawful, become sacred; ii. make, pronounce sacred, inviolable; Ethiopic ሐረመ prohibit from common use, consecrate to God, esteem unlawful; Palm. חרם = consacré Vog^{No. 35}; Nab. id., Eut^{p. 28}; Sab. מחרם sanctuary, temple, Os^{ZMG 1865, 176, 252}, חרמתן DHM^{ZMG 1875, 594}; Aramaic אַחֲרִים, and especially ܐܰܚܪܶܡ anathematize, excommunicate; v. also We^{Skizzen iii, 165}, Dr^{Sm 100 ff.}, RS^{Sem. i. 140(150)})—

Pf. הֶהֱרִים Joshua 8:26 + 5 times; הֶחֱרִם Joshua 10:28; 2 ms. וְהַחֲרַמְתָּ֫ה I Samuel 15:18; 1 s. הֶחֱרַמְתִּי I Samuel 15:20; וְהַחֲרַמְתִּ֫י Numbers 21:2; 2 fs. וְהַחֲרַמְתְּ(י) consec. Micah 4:13 (so 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 𝔗 RV most; MT 1 s.), v. Ges^{§ 44, R. 4}; pl. הֶחֱרִימוּ I Samuel 15:9 II Chronicles 32:14 etc.; (I Samuel 15:3 read והחרמתו 𝔊 We Dr); Impf. יַחֲרִם Leviticus 27:28; וַיַּחֲרֵם Numbers 21:3 Joshua 10:37; sf. וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ Joshua 10:1; 1 pl. וַנַּחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6 etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 13:16; pl. הַחֲרִימוּ Jeremiah 51:3; sf. הַחֲרִימוּהָ Jeremiah 50:26; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵם Deuteronomy 3:6 + 4 times; cstr. הַחֲרִים II Chronicles 20:23 Daniel 11:44; sf. הַחֲרִימָם Joshua 11:20 + 4 times;—ban, devote (especially religiously, sq. objects hostile to the theocracy [v. especially Exodus 22:19 Hoph.]; this involved gen. their destruction; when a city was ‘devoted’ the inhab. were put to death, the spoil being destroyed or not according to the gravity of the occasion [contrast Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:21 I Samuel 15:3 with Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6, Deuteronomy 3:7], cf. MI¹⁷ לעשתר כמש החרמתה to Ashtar-Chemosh I devoted it, i.e. the city Nebo);—

most often of devoting to destruction cities of Canaanites and other neighbours of Isr., exterminating inhabitants, and destroying or appropriating their possessions:

Isr. and her leaders subj. Numbers 21:2, Numbers 21:3 (destruction according to vow), Joshua 6:21 (cf. חֵרֶם ליהוה v Joshua 6:17; all J); in v Joshua 6:18 read תַּחְמְדוּ (for MT תַּחֲרִימוּ, v. Di VB); Joshua 8:26 𝔊, not 𝔊L, om. v.), Joshua 10:1 (JE), Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 3:6^(×2); Deuteronomy 7:2^(×2) (commanded through Moses, cf. for underlying thought v Deuteronomy 7:4, Deuteronomy 7:5, Deuteronomy 7:6), Deuteronomy 20:17^(×2) (commanded by י׳), Joshua 2:10 Joshua 10:28, Joshua 10:35, Joshua 10:37, Joshua 10:39, Joshua 10:40 (divine command), Joshua 11:11, Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:20, Joshua 11:21 (divine command v Joshua 11:12, Joshua 11:20; all D), I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:8, I Samuel 15:9^(×2), I Samuel 15:15, I Samuel 15:18, I Samuel 15:20 (divine command v I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:18, I Samuel 15:20, cf. v I Samuel 15:11, I Samuel 15:22, I Samuel 15:23); quite secondary is simple exterminate I Kings 9:21, I Chronicles 4:41.

secondary meaning destroy, exterminate, also with other nations subj.:—II Kings 19:11 = Isaiah 37:11 = II Chronicles 32:14, II Chronicles 20:23, Jeremiah 50:21, Jeremiah 50:26 (both by divine command), Jeremiah 51:3 Daniel 11:44.

God as subj., fig. all nations and their armies Isaiah 34:2; the nations of Western Asia Jeremiah 25:9; the tongue of the Egyptian sea (by drying it up) Isaiah 11:15 (but read perhaps החריב with 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗).

so also of devoting even Israelites: a city of Isr. for worshipping other gods Deuteronomy 13:16; residents of Jabesh-Gilead for not joining in campaign against Benj. Judges 21:11.

devote to י׳: for sacred uses החרים ליהוה the spoil of the nations Micah 4:13; private possessions, whether a man, animal, or field Leviticus 27:28 (P).

Impf. יָחֳרַם Leviticus 27:29 Ezra 10:8; יָחֳרָ֑ם Exodus 22:19;—

be put under the ban, devoted (to death), for worshipping other gods than י׳ Exodus 22:19 (JE; earliest use of word in OT); for some other theocratic offence Leviticus 27:29 (P; v. Di).

devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures Ezra 10:8.—On חרם v. especially Di (Kn) Leviticus 27:28; Ew^Antiq.75.78, Dr I Samuel 15:33.

חֵ֫רֶם

n.m. ^{Leviticus 27:28} 1. devoted thing. 2. devotion, ban;—ח׳ abs. Joshua 6:17 + 24 times (most read חֶרֶם Zechariah 14:11, Baer חֵרֶם); חֶ֑רֶם Joshua 7:1; sf. חֶרְמִי I Kings 20:42 Isaiah 34:5;—thing devoted to י׳:

thing hostile to theocracy, and therefore (in the strictest application) to be either destroyed, or, in the case of certain objects (e.g. silver and gold, vessels of brass and iron Joshua 6:19, Joshua 6:24), set apart to sacred uses; especially

of a Canaan. city, as Jericho, incl. all inhab. (except Rahab’s family) and spoil Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:18^(×2); Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:15; Achan by taking מִן־הַחֵרֶם made (camp of) Isr. ח׳ Joshua 7:12 cf. Joshua 6:18, and became himself ח׳, and was stoned and, with his family and possessions, incl. the spoil, was burnt Joshua 7:1, Joshua 7:11, Joshua 7:12, Joshua 7:13^(×2) (all JE except Joshua 7:1 P; cf. v Joshua 7:15, Joshua 7:24, Joshua 7:25); מָעַל מַעַל בַּח׳ committed unfaithfulness in the matter of the devoted thing is term for the sin Joshua 7:1 Joshua 22:20 (both P), cf. מָעַל בַּח׳ I Chronicles 2:7; Saul and Isr. spared Agag king of Amalek and רֵאשִׁית הַח׳ i.e. of the spoil (sheep and oxen), wh. should have been utterly destroyed I Samuel 15:21 (cf. v I Samuel 15:3, I Samuel 15:8; Saul rejected by י׳ for this v I Samuel 15:11, I Samuel 15:26); so an idolatr. city in Isr. should become ח׳, with all its contents, and be utterly destroyed Deuteronomy 13:17 (cf. v Deuteronomy 13:13, Deuteronomy 13:15, Deuteronomy 13:16).

of individuals, one having relic of Canaanit. god in his house should become ח׳, the relic being ח׳ Deuteronomy 7:26^(×2); every human being who became ח׳ should be killed Leviticus 27:29^(×2) (P; v. Di).

appar. (so Di) anything devoted to sanctuary under specially stringent conditions Leviticus 27:28 (v. Di; and cf. Ezra 10:8); a field consecrated to י׳ becomes under certain conditions כִּשְׂדֵה הַח׳ Leviticus 27:21; every ח׳ is קֹדֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁים ליהוה v Leviticus 27:28, and no ח׳ that a man may devote, whether man, beast or field, may be sold or redeemed v Leviticus 27:28; every such ח׳ (as in case of metals and metal objects Joshua 6:17, Joshua 6:19) went to Aaron and his sons Numbers 18:14 (P), to Zadokite priests Ezekiel 44:29.

devotion, ban, involving destruction; אִישׁ חֶרְמִי I Kings 20:42 man under my (י׳’s) ban (of Benhadad); עַם חֶרְמִי Isaiah 34:5 (of Edom); נתן לַח׳ Isaiah 43:28 fig. of י׳’s giving over Jud. to Chald.; ח׳ not to be in future Zechariah 14:11; פֶּן־אָבוֹא וְהִכֵּיתִי אֶת־הָאָרֶץ ח׳ Malachi 3:24 smite the land with a ban, i.e. utterly destroy it.

חֳרֵם

n.pr.loc. (sacred; cf. Sab.. n.pr.loc. אחרם DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 43})—a place in tribe of Naphtali Joshua 19:38 (P); not identified.

חָרִם

n.pr.m. (consecrated; cf. Sab. n.pr.m. חרם, יחרמאל Hal^{411. 504} DHM^l.c.)—

priest of the third course, David’s time, according to I Chronicles 24:8.

priest of time of Nehemiah Nehemiah 10:6.

heads of families of returning exiles:

Ezra 2:39 = Nehemiah 7:41, Ezra 10:21 Nehemiah 12:15.

Ezra 2:32 = Nehemiah 7:34, Ezra 10:31 Nehemiah 3:11.

a prince Nehemiah 10:28.

חָרְמָה

n.pr.loc. (asylum, cf. Arabic id., Wetzst^{ZKW v. 1884, 115})—a royal city of Canaanites, in the South, in tribe of Simeon Numbers 14:45 (JE; art. only here v. Di), Numbers 21:3 (J) where name expl. from Israel’s devoting Canaanites of Arad to destruction; Joshua 15:30; Joshua 19:4 (P), Deuteronomy 1:44 Joshua 12:14 (D), I Samuel 30:30 I Chronicles 4:30; originally called צְפַת Judges 1:17, where name is said to have been changed to Ḥormah because Judah and Simeon (after death of Joshua) devoted its inhabitants to destruction, v. Di Numbers 21:3.—On site v. צְפַת.

חֶרְמוֹן

n.pr.mont. Hermon (sacred mountain, cf. Sab. מחרם, etc., temple, Arabic حَرَامٌ interior of mosque, حُرْمَةٌ asylum, Wetzst^{ZKW v. 1884, 115} RS^{Sem i. 93; 2nd ed., 94})—the highest peak of Anti-Lebanon range, usually snow-capped, commanding southern Syria & northern Palestine; it is called שִׂיאֹן by the author of Deuteronomy 4:48; by the Amorites שְׂנִיר, by the Sidonians שִׂרְיֹן Deuteronomy 3:9. It has three peaks; and the names חרמון and שׂניר, distinguished in I Chronicles 5:23 Song of Songs 4:8, may refer to two of these peaks; חֶרְמוֹנִים Psalms 42:7 prob. refers to these different peaks (see Rob^{BR iii, 357} Bäd^{Pal. 301}). It is a northern boundary עד הר ח׳ Deuteronomy 3:8 Joshua 12:1; הר חרמוֹן mount Hermon is used also Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:5; Joshua 13:5, Joshua 13:11 I Chronicles 5:23; but חרמון Joshua 11:3 Psalms 89:13; Psalms 133:3 Song of Songs 4:8. Vid. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן Judges 3:3 I Chronicles 5:23 (see Wetzst^{ib. 115}).

חָרַם²

vb. slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate, especially face (Arabic خَرَمَ perforate, pierce, slit the partition between the nostrils, or the lip, or the lobe of the ear)—

Pt. pass. אִישׁ עִוֵּר אוֹ פִּסֵּחַ אוֹ חָרֻם אוֹ שָׂרוּעַ a man blind or lame or mutilated in the face (in nose, lip, ear, etc.), or too long in a limb Leviticus 21:18 (H), v. Di (Kn).

חֵ֫רֶם²

n.m. net (as something perforated; cf. Arabic مُخَرَّمٌ perforated work, Fl in NHWB^{ii. 208}; NH חֵרֶם net; Ph. חרם maker of nets)—abs. ח׳ Micah 7:2; sf. חֶרְמִי Ezekiel 32:3, חֶרְמוֹ Habakkuk 1:15, Habakkuk 1:16, Habakkuk 1:17; pl. חֲרָמִים Ecclesiastes 7:26 Ezekiel 26:5, Ezekiel 26:14; Ezekiel 47:10;—hunter’s net Micah 7:2 Ecclesiastes 7:26; fisherman’s net Ezekiel 26:5, Ezekiel 26:14; Ezekiel 32:3; Ezekiel 47:10 Habakkuk 1:15, Habakkuk 1:16, Habakkuk 1:17.

חֶרְמֵשׁ

n.[m.] sickle (on form v. Ges^{§ 85 xii. 55})—Deuteronomy 16:9; Deuteronomy 23:26.

חָרָן

n.pr.loc. city in northern Mesopotamia (Assyrian ḫarrânu = road, path COT^Gloss.; cf. Dl^{Pa 185}; Jensen^{Kosmologie 28} ‘junction of trading-routes’ = cross-roads)—mentioned as city of Abram’s sojourn Genesis 11:31, where his father Teraḥ died v Genesis 11:32, and whence he departed for Canaan Genesis 12:4, Genesis 12:5; where Laban, Jacob’s uncle, lived, and whither Jacob fled Genesis 27:43; Genesis 28:10 (both חָרָ֫נָה), Genesis 29:4; as conquered by fathers of Sennacherib II Kings 19:12 = Isaiah 37:12; as place of trade Ezekiel 27:23; Assyrian Ḫarrana (-ni), Schr^COT on Genesis 11:31; Genesis 27:43 𝔊 Χαρραν. It was an ancient seat of worship of moon-god (Sin), v. Schr^{KG 355, 536}; see further Chwolsohn^{Ssabier i, 303 ff.} Wüstenfeld^{ZMG 1864, 443 f.} Schr^{KG 355, 536} Sachau^{Reise 217 ff.} Mez^{Gesch. d. Stadt Harran, 1892}.

חָרָן²

n.pr.m. son of Caleb of Judah I Chronicles 2:46^(×2); 𝔊 Αρραν, 𝔊L Ωρων (Sab. n.pr. חרן DHM^{Epigr. Dakm. 56}).

חֶ֫רֶס

n.m. ^{Judges 14:18} sun (NH id.)—abs. ח׳ Job 9:7 (‖ כוכבים); c. ה epenth. בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַ֫רְסָה Judges 14:18 (cf. לַיִל, לַיְלָה) before the sun could go down (but read perhaps הַחַ֫דְרָה into the (bridal) chamber Sta^{ZAW 1884, 253 ff.}).

חֶ֫רֶס²

n.pr.loc.

abode of Amorites, בְּהַר־חֶרֶס בְּאַיָּלוֹן וּבְשַׁעַלְבִֿים Judges 1:35, since חֶרֶס sun = שֶׁמֶשׁ, perhaps = בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ 1. (q.v.), so Stu (who proposes עִיר חֶרֶס = עָר), Ke Be Bu^RS17 Öt Bla 𝔊 ἐν τῷ [ὄρει τοῦ] Μυρσινῶνι(-ος) = הַר הֲדַס.

place E. of Jordan מִלְמַעֲלֵה הֶחָ֑רֶס Judges 8:13 from the ascent of Ḥeres, 𝔊 Αρες; the point whence Gideon turned back from pursuing Midian; Aq Symm read הֶהָרִים (v. Lag^{Onom. 96, 2nd ed. 131}) so SS.—תִּמְנַת־חֶרֶס Judges 2:9 v. sub תִּמְנַת, √ מנה.

חֶרֶס

v. sub חרשׂ.

חָרַף

vb. reproach (NH Pi. id.; Aramaic חֲרַף id., ܚܰܪܶܦ sharpen, ܚܰܪܺܝܦ sharp, keen, acute);—

Impf. לֹא־יֶחֱרַף לְבָבִי מִיָּמָ֑י Job 27:6; Pt. sf. חֹרְפִי Psalms 119:42 Proverbs 27:11; חוֹרְפֶיךָ Psalms 69:10.

Pf. חֵרֵף Judges 5:18 + 6 times; חֵרַפְתָּ Isaiah 37:23 + 4 times etc. + 10 times pf.; Impf. יְחָרֵף II Samuel 21:21 I Chronicles 20:7; וְחָ֫רֶף Psalms 74:10 + 2 times sf.; Inf. לְחָרֵף Isaiah 37:4 + 5 times; בְּחָֽרְפָם II Samuel 23:9 (but v. infr.); Pt. מְחָרֵף Psalms 44:17;—reproach,—proposes say sharp things against,—taunt, c. acc. Judges 8:15 I Samuel 17:10, I Samuel 17:25, I Samuel 17:26, I Samuel 17:36, I Samuel 17:45 II Samuel 21:21 + I Chronicles 20:7; God, by injustice to the poor Proverbs 14:31; Proverbs 17:5; Yahweh, by idolatry Isaiah 65:7; Yahweh as the God of Israel II Kings 19:4, II Kings 19:16, II Kings 19:22, II Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:4, Isaiah 37:17, Isaiah 37:23, Isaiah 37:24 = II Chronicles 32:17 (c. לְ); c. בְּ, Philistines II Samuel 23:9 MT (but read בְּפַס דַּמִּים at Pas-dammîm, n.pr.loc., as I Chronicles 11:13 We Dr); reproach, Nehemiah 6:13 Psalms 42:11; Psalms 44:17; Psalms 55:13; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 74:10, Psalms 74:18; Psalms 79:12; Psalms 89:52^(×2); Psalms 102:9 Zephaniah 2:8, Zephaniah 2:10; poet. and fig., despise, scorn, ח׳ נפשׁ למוּת Judges 5:18.

חֶרְפָּה

n.f. reproach—ח׳ Genesis 34:14 + 35 times; cstr. חֶרְפַּת Joshua 5:9 + 15 times; sf. חֶרְפָּֽתְךָ Psalms 74:22 etc. + 17 times sfs.; pl. חֲרָפוֹת Psalms 69:11 Daniel 12:2; cstr. חֶרְפּוֹת Psalms 69:10.—

taunt of enemy I Samuel 17:26; so also I Samuel 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Nehemiah 3:36; Nehemiah 5:9 Psalms 69:20, Psalms 69:21; Psalms 71:13; Psalms 89:51; Psalms 119:22 Proverbs 18:3 Isaiah 51:7 Ezekiel 21:33; שׁמע ח׳ Jeremiah 51:51 Zephaniah 2:8 Lamentations 3:61; נתן ח׳ על Jeremiah 23:40; נשׂא ח׳ על Psalms 15:3 (slander); נשׂא ח׳ Jeremiah 31:19 Ezekiel 36:15 Micah 6:16 (reproach); נשׂא ח׳ על bear reproach for Psalms 69:8 Jeremiah 15:15 Zephaniah 3:18; השׁיב ח׳ Hosea 12:15 Nehemiah 3:36; חרף ח׳ Psalms 69:10; Psalms 79:12; Psalms 89:51; הסיר ח׳ מעל I Samuel 17:26 Isaiah 25:8; העביר ח׳ Psalms 119:39; reproaches against God Psalms 69:10 (חֶרְפּוֹת חוֹרְפֶיךָ), Psalms 74:22; Psalms 79:12.

reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace:

sexual II Samuel 13:13 Isaiah 47:3 Ezekiel 16:57 Proverbs 6:33.

barrenness of womb Genesis 30:23 (E) Isaiah 4:1; widowhood Isaiah 54:4.

hunger Ezekiel 36:30; disease Job 19:5.

ritual, uncircumcision Genesis 34:14 (P) Joshua 5:9 (JE).

injuries from enemies Lamentations 3:30; Lamentations 5:1 Nehemiah 1:3; Nehemiah 2:17 Job 16:10 Daniel 11:18^(×2).

a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached חֶרְפַּת אָדָם a reproach of man Psalms 22:7; ח׳ נבל Psalms 39:9; היה ח׳ ל׳ become an object of reproach to Psalms 31:12; Psalms 79:4; Psalms 89:42; Psalms 109:25 Ezekiel 5:15; (היה) לח (ל׳) Isaiah 30:5 Jeremiah 6:10; Jeremiah 20:8; Jeremiah 42:18; Jeremiah 44:8, Jeremiah 44:12; Jeremiah 49:13 Psalms 69:11 Daniel 9:16; Daniel 12:2; נתן ח׳ (ל׳) Ezekiel 22:4 Joel 2:19 Psalms 78:66; נתן לח׳ Jeremiah 24:9; Jeremiah 29:18 Ezekiel 5:14 Joel 2:17; שׂים ח׳ ל׳ Psalms 44:14; שׂים ח׳ על I Samuel 11:2.

חָרַף²

vb.denom. remain in harvest-time (so Arabic خَرَفَ; Eng. to winter)—only

Impf. 3 fs. כָּל־בֶּהֱמַת הָאָרֶץ עָלָיו תֶּחֱרָ֑ף Isaiah 18:6 all the beasts of the earth shall spend the harvest-time upon it.

חָרֵף

(dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah I Chronicles 2:51.

חָרִף

n.pr.m. (cf. Arabic خَرِيفٌ autumn, v. חֹרֶף supr.)—

חָרִף head of a family of returned exiles Nehemiah 7:23 (𝔊 Αρειφ, 𝔊L Ιωρηε) = יוֹרָה (cf. יוֹרֶה early rain) Ezra 2:18 (𝔊 Ουρα, A Ιωρα, 𝔊L Ωραι).

חָרִיף one of those sealed Nehemiah 10:20 𝔊 Αρειφ(α), 𝔊L Αρηφ.

חָרַף³

vb. acquire (cf. Arabic حَرَفَ turn a thing from its proper way or manner, but also gain, acquire [subsistence] for one’s family)—only

Pt. f. שִׁפְחָה נֶחֱרֶפֶת לְאִישׁ a maidservant acquired for a man (viz. as his concubine) Leviticus 19:20 (H; cf. NH חֲרוּפָה of woman designated for a man).

חָרַץ

vb. cut, sharpen, decide (NH id., cut in, decide, Aramaic in deriv.; Assyrian ḫarâṣu, dig, decide, ḫariṣu, trench, Zehnpfund^{BAS i. 502}; Ph. חרץ decision, Hoffm^{AGG xxxvi. May 1889, 11})—

Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Joshua 10:21; חָרָ֑צְתָּ I Kings 20:40; Impf. יֶחֱרַץ־ Exodus 11:7; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרָ֑ץ II Samuel 5:24; Pt. pass. חָרוּץ Isaiah 10:22 Leviticus 22:22; pl. חֲרוּצִים Job 14:5 (v. also חָרוּץ infr.)—

cut, mutilate Leviticus 22:22 (עַוֶּרֶת אוֹ שָׁבוּר אוֹ־חָרוּץ אוֹ יַבֶּלֶת).

sharpen, fig. the tongue, לֹא יֶח׳־כֶּלֶב לְשֹׁנוֹ לְ Exodus 11:7 (J), i.e. utter no sound against Isr., Joshua 10:21.

decide I Kings 20:40 (abs.); so pt. pass. חרוצים ימיו Job 14:5 his days are determined, fixed (‖ מִסְפַּר חדשׁיו), Isaiah 10:22 כִּלָּיוֹן ח׳; act with decision II Samuel 5:24.

Pt. נֶחֱרָצָה Isaiah 10:23 + 3 times; נֶחֱרֶצֶת Daniel 9:26 (both these forms inf. cstr. according to Ba^{NB 90}); decisive כָּלָה וְנֶח׳ Isaiah 10:23; Isaiah 28:22 Daniel 9:27 a consumption and strict decision (i.e. that which is strictly determined), כי נ׳ נֶעֱשָׂ֑תָה Daniel 11:36; נח׳ שֹׁמֵמוֹת Daniel 9:26 strict determining of desolation.

חָרוּץ

adj. sharp, diligent (on this and foll. v. Ba^{NB 173})—חָרוּץ Isaiah 28:27 + 11 times; pl. חֲרוּצִים Proverbs 10:4; Proverbs 12:24; חֲרֻצִים Proverbs 13:4; חֲרֻצוֹת Amos 1:3;—

sharp: of threshing instrument מוֹרָג ח׳ חָדָשׁ Isaiah 41:15; without מ׳, as subst., Isaiah 28:27 (where יוּדַשׁ); ח׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Amos 1:3; Job 41:22 (fig. of crocodile).

fig. diligent: as subst. Proverbs 21:5; opp. רְמִיָּה Proverbs 10:4; Proverbs 12:24, Proverbs 12:27; opp. עָצֵל Proverbs 13:4.—Daniel 9:25 v. iv. חרוץ.

חָרוּץ²

n.[m.] strict decision, only עֵמֶק הֶחָרוּץ Joel 4:14^(×2) valley of strict decision (v. Ba^{l. c.}).

חָרוּץ³

n.[m.] trench, moat (Aramaic חֲרִיצָא; Assyrian ḫariṣu, ḫiriṣu, id., Dl^HWB)—only in רְחוֹב וְח׳ Daniel 9:25, si vera l.; as above Ges Herzf Ew Zö Meinh (q.v.); Gr רְחוֹב וחיץ; < 𝔊 Bev רְחוֹב וָחוּץ with public places and streets.

חָרוּץ⁴

n.pr.m. father of king Amon’s mother II Kings 21:19, 𝔊 Αρους.

חָרוּץ⁵

n.m. ^{Proverbs 8:10} gold, poet. (Ph. חרץ, v. Dr^{Sm xxviii.}; Assyrian ḫurâṣu)—חָרוּץ Psalms 68:14 + 5 times; gold, always ‖ כֶּסֶף; Zechariah 9:3, of dove’s wings Psalms 68:14 בִּירַקְרַק ח׳; elsewhere in comparison with value of wisdom, etc. Proverbs 3:14; Proverbs 8:10 (ח׳ נִבְחָר) v Proverbs 8:19; Proverbs 16:16.

חָרַק

vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (NH id.; Arabic حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ id.)—

Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Job 16:9; Impf. יַחֲרֹק Psalms 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ Lamentations 2:16; Inf. abs. חָרֹק Psalms 35:16; Pt. חֹרֵק Psalms 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על Psalms 37:12; Psalms 35:16; abs. without על Psalms 112:10 Lamentations 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Ges^{§ 119. 3 b. R.} Da^{Synt. § 73 R. 6}) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Job 16:9.

חָרַר

vb. be hot, scorched, burn, poet. & late (Arabic حَرٌّ be hot, burn, thirst; Ethiopic ሐረረ Aramaic חַר; cf. Assyrian arâru, glow, SASmAsrb. ^{i, p. 97} Belser^{BAS ii, 155})—

Pf. 3 fs. חָ֫רָה Job 30:30, וְחָ֫רָה consec. Ezekiel 24:11, חָ֫רוּ Isaiah 24:6;—

be hot, scorched, Jerus., under fig. of caldron Ezekiel 24:11.

burn = be burned, fig. of men, in י׳’s judgment, Isaiah 24:6.

burn, of bones of sick men in fever ח׳ מִנִּי־חֹרֶב Job 30:30.

Pf. 3 ms. נָחָ֑ר Ezekiel 15:4, נִחַר Psalms 69:4; 3 pl. נִחָ֑רוּ Psalms 102:4 (Kö^{i. 368}); Impf. וַיֵּחָ֑ר Ezekiel 15:5 יֵח֑רוּ Ezekiel 24:10 (del. Co B al.)

be scorched, of bellows מַפֻּחַ in fierce fire Jeremiah 6:29 (fig.); scorched, charred, of the vine (as fuel) Ezekiel 15:4, Ezekiel 15:5 middle part charred, the ends devoured (אכל) by fire (sim. of inhab. of Jerus.); bones (sim. id.) Ezekiel 24:10 (v. supr.).

burn, of bones in fever Psalms 102:4 (כְּמוֹקֵד, cf. Qal Job 30:30); be parched, of throat נח׳ גרוני Psalms 69:4.—Isaiah 41:11; Isaiah 45:24 Song of Songs 1:6 v. חרה. Niph. 1. נָחַר Jeremiah 6:29 from √ נחר snort, puff, according to Mich Ew Gf Gie al.,—not Du.

Inf. לְחַרְחַר־רִיב Proverbs 26:21 to kindle strife.

חַרְחוּר²

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:51 = Nehemiah 7:52; 𝔊 Αρου(α)ρ (meaning as above? or from ii. חרר?).

חֹר³

n.m. ^{I Kings 21:8} noble, late, especially Neh., v. Dr^{Intr. 519 n.} (v. Lag^{BN 32}) cf. Nö^{ZMG lvii (1903), 416}.—only pl. חֹרִים I Kings 21:8 + 6 times, חוֹרִים Ecclesiastes 10:17, Nehemiah 6:17 + 3 times; sf. חֹרֶיהָ Isaiah 34:12;—nobles in Naboth’s city I Kings 21:8, I Kings 21:11; nobles of Judah, חֹרֵי יְהוּדָה I Kings 6:17; I Kings 13:17 Jeremiah 27:20; Jeremiah 39:6 Nehemiah 6:17; Nehemiah 13:17, הח׳ והסגנים (in Jerusalem) Nehemiah 2:16; Nehemiah 4:8, Nehemiah 4:13; Nehemiah 5:7; Nehemiah 7:5, Ecclesiastes 10:17, of Edom Isaiah 34:12.—i. חֹר, v. ii. חור.

חֹר⁴

n.[m.] hole;—abs. חֹר II Kings 12:10 Ezekiel 8:7 (del. Co B etc.), חוֹר Song of Songs 5:4, חֹרִים I Samuel 14:11; cstr. חֹרֵי Job 30:6; sf. חֹרָיו Nahum 2:13, חֹרֵיהֶן Zechariah 14:12;—hole in lid of chest II Kings 12:10 (made by boring, נקב), in door Song of Songs 5:4; in wall Ezekiel 8:7 (v. supra); = eye-socket עיניו תִּמַּקְנָה בְּח׳ Zechariah 14:12 (plague of enemies of Jerusalem); holes as hiding-places for men I Samuel 14:11, so also I Samuel 13:6 Ew We Dr (for MT חוחים), dwelling of outcast people חרי עָפָר Job 30:6; of dens of lions Nahum 2:13.—i. חֹר, v. ii. חור.

חֻר

n.[m.] id.—pl. חוּרִים Isaiah 42:22 as hiding-places of men; s. cstr. חֻר Isaiah 11:8 hole of asp (פָּ֑תֶן).

חֹרִי⁴

adj., usually n.pr.gent. et pers. (prob. = cave-dweller, so Thes Rob-Ges. MV VB; v. also W Max Müll ^{Asien u. Europa 136, 155, 156})—

adj. gent. שֵׂעִיר הַח׳ Genesis 36:20 Seir the Horite (P); read הַח׳ also v Genesis 36:2 for MT הַחִוִּי.

n.pr.gent. always c. art.; usually sg. coll. הַחֹרִי, ancient inhabitants of land of Edom Genesis 14:6 (בְּהַרֲרָם שֵׂעִיר); in P called בְּנֵי שֵׂעִיר בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם Genesis 36:21 (vid. v Genesis 36:20); cf. v Genesis 36:29, Genesis 36:30; according to Deuteronomy 2:12 (where alone הַחֹרִים), v Deuteronomy 2:22 they were driven out by sons of Esau (yet v. Genesis 36l. c. and Di); 𝔊 ὁ Χορραιος, οἱ Χορραιοι, (Genesis 36:29, Genesis 36:30 Χορρ(ε)ι).

n.pr.pers.m.

חֹרִי an Edomite Genesis 36:22 = I Chronicles 1:39; 𝔊 Χορρ(ε)ι.

חוֹרי a Simeonite Numbers 13:5, but 𝔊 Σουρ(ε)ι, 𝔊L Σουδρι.—i. חֹרִי v. sub i. חור.

חֶ֫רֶשׂ

n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd, potsherd, P and late (NH חֶרֶס, Aramaic חֲרַס)—abs. ח׳ Leviticus 6:21 + 9 times, חָ֑רֶשׂ Numbers 5:17 + 4 times; pl. cstr. חַרְשֵׂי Isaiah 45:9; sf. חֲרָשֶׂיהָ Ezekiel 23:34.—

earthenware: כְּלִי־ח׳ earthen vessel Jeremiah 32:14; especially P Leviticus 6:21; Leviticus 11:33; Leviticus 14:5, Leviticus 14:50; Leviticus 15:12; Numbers 5:17; without כְּלִי Proverbs 26:23; cf. בַּקְבֻּק יוֹצֵר ח׳ Jeremiah 19:1; לְנִבְלֵי ח׳ Lamentations 4:2 they are reckoned as earthen vessels, sim. of sons of Zion; חֶרֶשׂ אֶת־חַרְשֵׂי אֲדָמָה Isaiah 45:9 a potsherd (perhaps = earthen vessel, v. Proverbs 26:23 supr.) among earthen potsherds (of men, over against י׳ their potter); sim. of dryness Psalms 22:16.

a fragment of earthenware, sherd Isaiah 30:14 Ezekiel 23:34; ה׳ לְהִתְגָּרֵד Job 2:8 a sherd to scrape himself; חַדּוּדֵי ח׳ Job 41:22 sharpest potsherds, fig. of sharp scales on belly of crocodile.

חֶ֫רֶס³

n.[m.] an eruptive disease, itch (Aramaic חַרְסָא, ܚܶܪܣܳܐ; also ܚܰܪܘܽܣ rough, etc.)—וּבֶחָ֑רֶס Deuteronomy 28:27 (‖ עפלים Kt, גָּרָב),—i, ii. חֶרֶס v. sub חרס.

חָרַשׁ

vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise (NH id., plough, so Ethiopic ሐረሰ Ph. חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Arabic حَرَثَ plough)—

Pf. חָֽרְשׁוּ Psalms 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Judges 14:18 Hosea 10:13; Impf. יַחֲרֹשׁ Isaiah 28:24 Proverbs 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Hosea 10:11 + Amos 6:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרֹשׁ Deuteronomy 22:10 Proverbs 3:29; Inf. cstr. חֲרֹשׁ I Samuel 8:12; Pt. חֹרֵשׁ Genesis 4:22 + 5 times; חוֹרֵשׁ Amos 9:13; pl. חֹרְשִׁים Psalms 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Job 4:8 + 3 times, fpl. abs. חֹרְשׁוֹת Job 1:14; pass. חֲרוּשָׁה Jeremiah 17:1:—

cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ח׳ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל Genesis 4:22 (J), ח׳ נחשׁת I Kings 7:14; fig. ח׳ עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם Jeremiah 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart.

plough, lit., human subj. (animal usually c. בְּ), no obj. expr. I Kings 19:19 Deuteronomy 22:10 Isaiah 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Amos 6:12 (but read prob. יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, v. We al.); c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חֲרִישׁוֹ I Samuel 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Proverbs 20:4; fig. Judges 14:18 Hosea 10:11; with ethical ref. ח׳ רֶשַׁע v Hosea 10:13 (‖ קצר), ח׳ אָוֶן Job 4:8 (‖ זרע, קצר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים Psalms 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (fig. of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Isaiah 28:24, Amos 9:13 (‖ קוֹצֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Job 1:14.

devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, obj. רָעָה Proverbs 3:29, רַע Proverbs 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v Proverbs 6:18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Proverbs 12:20; Proverbs 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v Proverbs 14:22.

Impf. 3 fs. צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Micah 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Jeremiah 26:18.

Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ I Samuel 23:9 fabricating mischief against (v. Dr, and cf. We).

חָרָשׁ

n.m. ^{Exodus 38:23} graver, artificer (Ph. חרש)—abs. ח׳ (= חַרָּשׁ) Exodus 35:35 + 14 times; cstr. חָרַשׁ Exodus 28:11 + 2 times; pl. חָֽרָשִׁים Hosea 13:2 + 7 times; חֲרָשִׁים I Chronicles 4:14^(×2) Nehemiah 11:35 (v. infr.); cstr. חָֽרָשֵׁי II Samuel 5:11 + 6 times;—

graver, artificer:

worker in metal I Samuel 13:19 Hosea 8:6; Hosea 13:2 Deuteronomy 27:15 Jeremiah 10:9 (‖ צֹרֵף), Isaiah 40:19 (‖ id.), Isaiah 54:16 I Chronicles 29:5; ח׳ בַּרְזֶל Isaiah 44:12 II Chronicles 24:12; perhaps also Isaiah 41:7 (+ צֹרֵף); appar. = hammerer Zechariah 2:3 (symbol.).

worker in wood ח׳ עֵץ II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 (עֵצִים), II Kings 12:12; II Kings 22:6 = II Chronicles 34:11, Jeremiah 10:3 Isaiah 40:20; Isaiah 44:13 (v. also I Chronicles 22:15 infr.); perhaps also Ezra 3:7 II Chronicles 24:12 (both ‖ חצב).

worker in stone ח׳ אֶבֶן קִיר II Samuel 5:11 = I Chronicles 14:1 (om. אבן); also of engraving on gems ח׳ אבן Exodus 28:11 (P; ‖ פִּתּוּחֵי חֹתָם); see also foll.

in gen. ח׳ אֶבֶן וָעֵץ I Chronicles 22:15; idol-maker ח׳ צִירִים Isaiah 45:16, cf. Isaiah 44:11 (also v Isaiah 44:12, Isaiah 44:13 supr.), II Kings 24:14, II Kings 24:16 Jeremiah 24:1; Jeremiah 29:2 (all ‖ מַסְגֵּר), Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23 (both P; both ‖ חֹשֵׁב). In גֵּיא חֲרָשִׁים I Chronicles 4:14, גֵּי הַחֲ׳ Nehemiah 11:35 valley of (the) artificers, and חֲרָשִׁים artificers I Chronicles 4:14, ח has—ֲ exceptionally, v. Ol^{§ 183 a} Kö^{ii § 60. 5}; read חָֽרָשִׁים?

fig. ח׳ מַשְׁחִית Ezekiel 21:36 men skilled to destroy.

חָרִישׁ

n.m. ploughing, ploughing-time—abs. ח׳ וְקָצִיר Genesis 45:6 (E) ploughing and harvesting; also (= time of ploughing and harvest) Exodus 34:21 (JE); c. sf. as acc. cogn. חָרַשׁ חֲרִישׁוֹ I Samuel 8:12 (v. supr. חָרַשׁ 2).

חָרֵשׁ

vb.

be silent, dumb, speechless;

be deaf; chiefly poet. (NH Pi. make deaf; Aramaic ܚܪܶܫ, ܚܪܰܫ be dumb, deaf; Arabic خَرِسَ be dumb, speechless, cf. Assyrian ḫarâšu, restrain, according to Dl^{Pr 100}; v. Lag^{BN 120})—

Impf. יֶחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalms 50:3; 2 ms. תֶּחֱרַשׁ Psalms 28:1; Psalms 83:2; תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ Psalms 35:22; Psalms 109:1; תֶּחֱרָ֑שׁ Psalms 39:13; Psalms 39:3 fpl. תֶּחֱרַ֑שְׁנָה Micah 7:16;—

be silent, always of God’s keeping silence when men pray Psalms 35:22; Psalms 50:3; Psalms 83:2; Psalms 109:1; sq. אֶל־ Psalms 39:13.

be deaf, subj. י׳, sq. מִמֶּנִּי Psalms 28:1; subj. אָזְנַיִם Micah 7:16.

Pf. חֶחֱרִשׁ Numbers 30:15 Genesis 34:5; וְהֶחֱרִישׁ consec. Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8; וְהֶחֱרִשׁ consec. Numbers 30:12; הֶחֱרַ֫שְׁתִּי Esther 7:4 + 2 times etc.; Impf. יַחֲרִישׁ Numbers 30:15 + 2 times (incl. Zephaniah 3:17 v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרִישׁ Habakkuk 1:13; juss. תַּחְרֵשׁ I Samuel 7:8; 2 mpl. תַּחֲרִישׁוּן Job 13:5; תַּחֲרִשׁוּן Exodus 14:14, etc.; Imv. הַחֲרֵשׁ Judges 18:19 + 2 times; הַחֲרִ֫ישִׁי II Samuel 13:20; הַחֲרִ֫ישׁוּ Job 13:13 Isaiah 41:1; Inf. abs. הַחֲרֵשׁ Numbers 30:15 + 2 times; Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ Genesis 24:21 + 2 times (incl. I Samuel 10:27 v. infr.); מַחֲרִישִׁים II Samuel 19:11;—

be silent (= exhibit silence)

almost always of men Genesis 24:21; Genesis 34:5 Exodus 14:14 (all J), Judges 18:19 II Samuel 13:20; II Samuel 19:11 II Kings 18:36 = Isaiah 36:21, Jeremiah 4:19 Job 6:24; Job 13:5, Job 13:13, Job 13:19; Job 33:31, Job 33:33 Proverbs 11:12; Proverbs 17:28 Psalms 32:3 Nehemiah 5:8 Esther 4:14^(×2); Esther 7:4; also וַיְהִי כְּמַחֲרִישׁ I Samuel 10:27 (but read rather ויהי כְּמֵחֹדֶשׁ and it came to pass after about a month, 𝔊 Dr); יחרישׁ באהבתו Zephaniah 3:17 (𝔊 𝔖 יְחַדֵּשׁ he will renew his love, v. especially Buhl^{ZAW v. 1885, 183}); ח׳ c. לְ pers. keep silence at one, i.e. fail to make objection at proper time Numbers 30:5, Numbers 30:8, Numbers 30:12, Numbers 30:15^(×3) (all P); הח׳ אלי Isaiah 41:1 pregn. = come silently unto me; sq. מִן pers. cease to speak with Jeremiah 38:27; be silent about, pass by in silence, sq. acc. אח׳ בַּדָּיו Job 41:4.

rarely of God, permitting evil in silence Habakkuk 1:13 Isaiah 42:14 Psalms 50:21.

once causat. make silent, c. acc. Job 11:3.

be deaf, shew deafness: אַל־תַּחֲרֵשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ מִזְּעֹק I Samuel 7:8 be not deaf (turning) from us, so as not to cry.

Impf. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְחָֽרְשׁוּ Judges 16:2 and they kept quiet.

חֵרֵשׁ

adj. deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Exodus 4:11 + 4 times; pl. חֵרְשִׁים Isaiah 29:18 + 3 times;—deaf, Exodus 4:11 (J; ‖ אִלֵּם), Psalms 38:14 (‖ id.); also Leviticus 19:14 (H), Isaiah 29:18; Isaiah 35:5; Isaiah 42:18, Isaiah 42:19 + v Isaiah 42:19 b (for last עִוֵּר, cf. Isaiah 43:8; Gr^{JQ 1891, Oct. p. 2} v. Che^{Comm., JQ Jan. 1892, 332}), Isaiah 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ Psalms 58:5 a deaf adder.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ

n. m. as adv. silently, secretly—מְרַגְּלִים ח׳ Joshua 2:1 (JE) exploring secretly.

חֶ֫רֶשׁ²

n.[m.] magic art or perhaps magic drug (Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܫ practice magic, חָרָשׁ, ܚܰܪܳܫܳܐ magician, ܚܶܪܫܳܐ incantation, magic art, preparation of magic potion, so Ethiopic ሐራሲ one using incantations; ሐረስ, ሐርስ, ሐራs incantation, magic; comp. perhaps Arabic خُرْسٌ, خُرْسَةٌ a medicinal broth given to women in childbed; חֶרֶשׁ perhaps magical drug, v. RS^{JPh. xiv. 1885, 125})—only חֲכַם חֲרָשִׁים Isaiah 3:3 skilled in magic arts, or drugs (‖ נְבוֹן לָ֑חַשׁ), (> others gen. = handicraft).

חֶ֫רֶשׁ³

n.pr.m. a Levite I Chronicles 9:15 𝔊 Ραραιηλ, A Αρες, 𝔊L Αρης.

חַרְשָׁא

n.pr.m. head of a family of returning exiles Ezra 2:52 𝔊 Αρησα, 𝔊L Βαασα, = Nehemiah 7:53 𝔊 Αδασα.

חֲרָשִׁים

v. חָרָשׁ and גַּיְא; also ii. חֶרֶשׁ.

חֶרֶת

n.pr.loc., only in יַעַר חָ֑רֶת I Samuel 22:5.

חָשַׂךְ

vb. withhold, refrain (NH חָסַךְ, Aramaic חֲסַךְ, ܚܣܰܟ Palm. חסך remit, spare, Vog^{Nos. 6, 15}; Sab. משחכן weaned (child) DHM^{ZMG 1875, 608})—

Pf. חָשַׂךְ Genesis 39:9 + 4 times (+ Ezekiel 30:18 Ba; v. חשׁך; Isaiah 38:17 v. infr.), חָשָׂ֑ךְ Isaiah 14:6, חָֽשְׂכוּ Job 30:10, חָשָׂ֑כוּ Jeremiah 14:10, etc.; Impf. יַחְשׂךְ Job 16:5 + 2 times; 2 ms. תַּחְשׂךְ Isaiah 58:1, תַּחְשׂוֹךְ Proverbs 24:11; 2 fs. תַּחְשׂ֑כִי Isaiah 54:2, etc.; Imv. חֲשׂךְ Psalms 19:14; Pt. חֹשֵׂךְ Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 11:24; חוֹשֵׂךְ Proverbs 13:24; Proverbs 17:27; sq.—

withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, acc., Genesis 22:12 (E), v Genesis 22:16; Genesis 39:9 (sq. מִמֶּנִּי; both J); abs. Proverbs 21:26 (opp. נָתַן); withhold the rod (שׁבט) in discipline, Proverbs 13:24; no obj. expr. Proverbs 11:24; Proverbs 24:11.

keep one from evil, calamity, Sheʾôl etc., c. acc. and מִן Genesis 20:6 (E), I Samuel 25:39 Psalms 19:14; ח׳ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם Psalms 78:50 cf. Job 33:18 Isaiah 38:7 (read חָשַׂכְתָּ or חֲשׂךְ for MT חָשַׁקְתָּ, v. חשׁק); abs. hinder (i.e. calamities from coming) Isaiah 14:6; ח׳ לְמַטָּה מֵעֲוֹנֵנוּ Ezra 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward (= and kept down), part of our iniquity, i.e. hast not punished us according to our full desert.

hold in check c. acc. II Samuel 18:16 (or spare v. infr.); obj. רַגְלֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:10; especially of keeping silence, obj. פִּי Job 7:11 restrain my mouth, שׂפתים Proverbs 10:19, אמרים Proverbs 17:27; מִפָּנַי לֹא ח׳ רֹק Job 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (= they have spit in my face).

refrain (from doing what is mentioned in the context), abs. Isaiah 54:2; Isaiah 58:1.

spare, c. acc. pers. II Kings 5:20 he hath spared Naaman מִקַּחַת so as not to take (= and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perhaps also II Samuel 18:16 Joab spared the people (v supr.).

reserve for, c. acc. + לְ Job 38:23.

(abs.) restrain, check (pain) i. e. assuage, so appar. MT Job 16:5 (v. Di Kau; I would not restrain condolence of my lips, 𝔊 𝔖 Me, reading לא אחשׂך for יחשׂך).—Ezekiel 30:18 v. חשׁך.

Impf. לְיוֹם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂךְ־רָע Job 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked is spared (pass. of Qal 1 e); יֵחָשֵׂךְ Job 16:6 be assuaged, of pain (pass. of Qal 2).

חָשַׂף

vb. strip off, strip, make bare—

Pf. חָשַׂף Isaiah 52:10, חֲשָׂפָהּ Joel 1:7, חָשַׂפְתִּי Jeremiah 13:26; Jeremiah 49:10; Impf. וַיֶּחֱשֹׂף Psalms 29:9; Imv. fs. חֶשְׂפִּי־ Isaiah 47:2; Inf. abs. חָשׂף Joel 1:7; cstr. לַחְשֹׂף Isaiah 30:14 Haggai 2:16; Pt. pass. חֲשׂוּפָה Ezekiel 4:7, חֲשׂוּפַי Isaiah 20:4 (pl. cstr.? cf. infr.).—

strip off, expose oneself by removing (obj. שֹׁבֶל, flowing skirt, train) Isaiah 47:2 of Babylon, personified as queen (‖ גַּלִּי שׁוֹק), ח׳ שׁוּלַיִךְ עַל־פָּנַיִךְ Jeremiah 13:26.

strip, lay bare, fig. of י׳ Isaiah 52:10 obj. זְרוֹעַ קדשׁו; of prophet, Ezekiel 4:7 (but Co del. v. as interpol.); obj. pers. Jeremiah 49:10 (‖ גִּלֵּיתִי); חָשׂף חשׂפהּ Joel 1:7 of locusts stripping fig-tree; חֲשׂוּפַי שֵׁת Isaiah 20:4 (pt. either sg. coll., with formative ending ַי, De Lag^{Se i, 19 (cf. 69), BN 192}; or pl. cstr., v. Ges^{§ 87, 1 c.}); ח׳ יְעָרוֹת Psalms 29:9 of voice of י׳ (i.e. a storm) stripping forests.

draw (water) Isaiah 30:14; (wine) Haggai 2:16; properly take from the surface, skim.

חֲשׂוּפָא

n.pr.m. head of a family of Nethinim among the returning exiles חֲשׂוּפָא Ezra 2:43 = חֲשֻׂפָא Nehemiah 7:45.

חֲשׂוּפַי

Isaiah 20:4 v. חשׂף.

חָשַׁב

vb. think, account (NH id.; Aramaic חֲשַׁב, ܚܫܶܒ Arabic حَسَبَ; Ethiopic ሐሰበ: id.; Ph. n. חשב meaning dub. v. CIS^{i. 86})—

Pf. ח׳ Isaiah 33:8 + 9 times; חָשַׁבְתָּה II Samuel 14:13 etc.; Impf. יַחְשֹׁב Isaiah 10:7 + 4 times; יַחֲשָׁב־ II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 40:18; sf. יַחְשְׁבֵנִי Job 19:11; Job 33:10; pl. יַחְשְׁבוּ Psalms 41:8 Daniel 11:25; יַחְשֹׁ֑בוּ Isaiah 13:17; יַחֲשֹׁבוּן Psalms 35:20; נַחְשְׁבָה Jeremiah 18:18, etc. + 9 times Impf.; inf. cstr. לַחְשֹׁב Exodus 31:4 + 3 times; Pt. חֹשֵׁב Exodus 26:1 + 15 times, חוֹשֵׁב II Chronicles 26:15; חֹשְׁבִים Nehemiah 6:2 + 3 times, חֹשְׁבֵי Micah 2:1 + 3 times;—

of man:

think, account לבבו לא כן יחשׁב Isaiah 10:7 not so thinketh his mind; חשׁבי שׁמוֹ Malachi 3:16 those thinking of his name; sq. 2 acc. חשׁבנהו נגוע Isaiah 53:4 we thought him stricken; elsewhere c. acc. + לְ Genesis 38:15 (J), I Samuel 1:13 Job 19:15; Job 35:2; Job 41:24; so, fig., of crocodile Job 41:19 he reckoneth iron as straw.

devise, plan, mean, c. acc. מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה Ezekiel 38:10, רעה Psalms 35:4; Psalms 140:3 Zechariah 7:10; Zechariah 8:17, תַּהְפֻּכ֑וֹת Proverbs 16:30, מְזִמּוֹת Psalms 10:2; Psalms 21:12, דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת Psalms 35:20, אָוֶן Micah 2:1 Ezekiel 11:2 Psalms 36:5, הַוּוֹת Psalms 52:4; ח׳ רע(ה) על devise evil against Genesis 50:20 (E), Jeremiah 48:2 Nahum 1:11, ח׳ רעה לְ Psalms 41:8, ח׳ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת על Jeremiah 11:19; Jeremiah 18:11, Jeremiah 18:18; Jeremiah 49:30 Daniel 11:25 Esther 8:3; Esther 9:25, ח׳ כזאת על II Samuel 14:13; c. inf. I Samuel 18:25 Jeremiah 18:8; Jeremiah 23:27 Job 6:26 Nehemiah 6:2, Nehemiah 6:6 Esther 9:24 Psalms 140:5; c. לבלתי + Impf. II Samuel 14:14 (reading חוֹשֵׁב for וְחָשַׁב and taking man as subj. We Dr; in this case לבלתי carries on לֹא יִשָּׂא).

count, reckon ח׳ עון ל׳, II Samuel 19:20 Psalms 32:2 reckon iniquity to.

esteem, value, regard, silver Isaiah 13:17, a man Isaiah 33:8, the servant of י׳ Isaiah 53:3.

invent ingenious and artistic things, ח׳ להם כלי שׁיר Amos 6:5 invent for themselves instruments of music; ח׳ (כל) מחשׁבת invent cunning work (of artistic devices in constr. of tabern.) Exodus 31:4; Exodus 35:32, Exodus 35:35 (all P), so II Chronicles 2:13; מַעֲשֵׂה חֹשֵׁב work of the cunning (ingenious, inventive) workman (of artistic devices in weaving; see especially VB and Di) Exodus 26:1, Exodus 26:31; Exodus 28:6, Exodus 28:15; Exodus 36:8, Exodus 36:35; Exodus 39:3, Exodus 39:8 (all P); מַחֲשֶׁבֶת חוֹשֵׁב II Chronicles 26:15 inventions of inventive men (of engines of war); חָרָשׁ וְחשֵׁב craftsman and inventive workman (in constr. of tabern., vid. supr.) Exodus 35:35; Exodus 38:23 (P).

of God:

think, c. acc. pers. + לְ indirect obj. account one לאויב, for an enemy Job 13:24; Job 33:10; ח׳ לוֹ כצריו Job 19:11 he accounted me unto him as his adversaries.

devise, plan, mean, c. acc. + ל indirect obj. לטבה for good Genesis 50:20 (E); c. ל pers. לִי devise for me Psalms 40:18; acc. rei + עַל, devise something against a person Micah 2:3 Jeremiah 18:11; towards one Jeremiah 29:11, c. אל against Jeremiah 49:20; Jeremiah 50:45; sq. inf. Jeremiah 26:3; Jeremiah 36:3 Lamentations 2:8.

count, reckon c. acc. rei + ל pers., the habit of believing in י׳ he reckoned to Abram as righteousness Genesis 15:6 (JE; cf. Niph. 3); not reckon iniquity to one Psalms 32:2.

Pf. נֶחְשַׁב Numbers 18:27, Numbers 18:30, נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי Psalms 88:5 etc. + 10 times Pf.; Impf. יֵחָשֵׁב Leviticus 7:18 + 7 times, etc., + 6 times Impf.; Pt. נֶחְשָׁב Isaiah 2:22 I Kings 10:21 II Chronicles 9:20:—

be accounted, thought, esteemed, c. כְּ as Hosea 8:12 Isaiah 5:28; Isaiah 29:16; Isaiah 40:15 Psalms 44:23 Job 18:3; Job 41:21; c. לְ Isaiah 29:17 = Isaiah 32:15, Lamentations 4:2; עִם with, among Psalms 88:5, בַּמֶּה Isaiah 2:22 at what (value)? (v. prob. interpol.; om. 𝔊); c. acc. Deuteronomy 2:11, Deuteronomy 2:20 Proverbs 17:28 Nehemiah 13:13; נָכְרִיּוֹת נֶחְשַׁבְנוּ לוֹ Genesis 31:15 (E; 𝔊 Sam כְּנֶח׳) Isaiah 40:17.

be computed, reckoned, c. לְ Joshua 13:3 (D), עַל Leviticus 25:31 (P), II Samuel 4:2: abs. כסף was not counted (so plentiful was it) I Kings 10:21 = II Chronicles 9:20 II Kings 22:7.

be imputed to any one, c. לְ Leviticus 7:18 Numbers 18:27, Numbers 18:30 (all P), Leviticus 17:4 (H) Proverbs 27:14; the interposition of Phinehas נח׳ לוֹ לצדקה Psalms 106:31 was imputed to him for righteousness (cf. Qal II 3).

Pf. 3 ms. חִשַּׁב Leviticus 25:27 + 4 times; f. חִשְּׁבָה Jonah 1:4; 1 s. חִשַּׁבְתִּי Psalms 77:6; Psalms 119:59; Impf. יְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 16:9 Daniel 11:24, תְּחַשְּׁבוּן Nahum 1:9, etc., + 4 times Impf.; Pt. מְחַשֵּׁב Proverbs 24:8:—

think upon, consider, be mindful of, c. acc. Psalms 77:6; Psalms 119:59, (מה) בֶּן־אֱנוֹשׁ וַתְּחַשְּׁבֵהוּ (מה) Psalms 144:3 what (is) man’s son, and thou thinkest upon him (‖ תֵּדָעֵהוּ).

think to do, devise, plan. c. acc. Proverbs 16:9, אֶל of persons against whom Hosea 7:15 Nahum 1:9, עַל Daniel 11:24; c. inf. Psalms 73:16 Proverbs 24:8; so of inanim. object הָאֳנִיָּה חִשְּׁבָה לְהִשָּׁבֵר Jonah 1:4 the ship was about to (minded to) be broken up.

count, reckon, the years since a sale of land Leviticus 25:27 (H); c. לְ pers. Leviticus 25:52 (H), Leviticus 27:18, Leviticus 27:23 (P); c. עִם Leviticus 25:50 (P); c. אֶת II Kings 12:16.

Impf. בַּגּוֹיִם לֹא יִתְחַשָּׁ֑ב Numbers 23:9 (JE) among the nations it shall not reckon itself.

חֵ֫שֶׁב

n.m. ingenious work, name of the girdle or band of the ephod (cunningly woven band, RV), only P; always in combin., ח׳ האפ(ו)ד Exodus 28:27, Exodus 28:28; Exodus 29:5; Exodus 39:20, Exodus 39:21 Leviticus 8:7; ח׳ אֲפֻדָּתוֹ Exodus 28:8; Exodus 39:5.

חַשּׁוּב

n.pr.m. (considerate)—

a Levite chief I Chronicles 9:14 Nehemiah 11:15, 𝔊 Ασουβ.

builders at the wall:

Nehemiah 3:11; Nehemiah 10:24, 𝔊 Ασουβ, Ασουθ.

Nehemiah 3:23, 𝔊 Ασουβ.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן

n.m. reckoning, account (NH Aramaic id.) Ecclesiastes 9:10, בקּשׁ ח׳ Ecclesiastes 7:25, מצא ח׳ Ecclesiastes 7:27.

חֶשְׁבּוֹן²

n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites Numbers 21:26, Numbers 21:27, Numbers 21:28, Numbers 21:30, Numbers 21:34; Numbers 32:3 (all E); Deuteronomy 1:4; Deuteronomy 2:24, Deuteronomy 2:26, Deuteronomy 2:30; Deuteronomy 3:2, Deuteronomy 3:6; Deuteronomy 4:46; Deuteronomy 29:6 Joshua 9:10; Joshua 12:2, Joshua 12:5; Joshua 13:10, Joshua 13:21, Joshua 13:27 (all D) Judges 11:19 Jeremiah 48:45 Nehemiah 9:22; captured by Israel who dwelt in it Numbers 21:25 (E) Judges 11:26; rebuilt by Reuben Numbers 32:37 (E), given to Reuben at the division of the land Joshua 13:17 (P); on the border of Gad, Joshua 13:26 (P), it subsequently fell to Gad and was assigned to Levites out of that tribe Joshua 21:39 (P) I Chronicles 6:66; the Moabites gained possession of it Isaiah 15:4; Isaiah 16:8, Isaiah 16:9 and subsequently the Ammonites Jeremiah 48:2, Jeremiah 48:34, Jeremiah 48:45; Jeremiah 49:3; it was celebrated for its ponds Song of Songs 7:5.—Mod. Ḥusbân, Seetzen^{Reisen i. 407} Rob^{BR i. 551} Bd^{Pal 191} Survey^{EP 8}.

חֲשַׁבְיָ֫הוּ

n.pr.m. (Yah(u) has taken account)—

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a temple musician I Chronicles 25:3 = חֲשַׁבְיָה v I Chronicles 25:19; 𝔊 in both Ασαβια.

חֲשַׁבְיָה a Levite, David’s time I Chronicles 27:17; perhaps = חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ, officer of David in Hebron I Chronicles 26:30; in both 𝔊 Ασαβιας.

חֲשַׁבְיָהוּ a Levite, Josiah’s time II Chronicles 35:9; 𝔊 Ασαβια. Elsewhere חשׁביה:

Levite in line of Merari I Chronicles 6:30 𝔊 Ασεβ(ε)ι, Ασαβια.

Levite I Chronicles 9:14, 𝔊 Ασαβια = Nehemiah 11:15, A 𝔊L Ασαβιου[ας].

Levite, Ezra’s time Ezra 8:19, Ezra 8:24 Nehemiah 10:12; Nehemiah 11:22; Nehemiah 12:24 (𝔊 Ασαβιας etc.) = חֲשַׁבְנְיָה 2, q.v.

head of a family of priests Nehemiah 12:21, 𝔊 Ασαβιας

a builder at the wall Nehemiah 3:17, 𝔊 Ασαβια(ς).

חֲשַׁבְנָה

n.pr.m. (this and foll. perhaps textual error for חשׁביה(ו); yet 𝔊 Εσαβανα, 𝔊L Ασβανα)—a chief of the people, Nehemiah’s time Nehemiah 10:26. Vid. also following.

חֲשַׁבְנְיָה

n.pr.m. (v. foregoing);—

father of a builder at the wall Nehemiah 3:10, 𝔊 Ασβαναμ; 𝔊L Σαβανιου[-ας].

a Levite Nehemiah 9:5 (om. 𝔊) = חֲשַׁבְיָה 6.

חֻשִׁים²

v. supr. p. 302 a.

חָשַׁךְ

vb. be, grow dark (NH id.; Aramaic חֲשַׁךְ, ܚܫܶܟ; Arabic حَسِكَ bear rancour, v. Lag^{BN 30})—

Pf. ח׳ Isaiah 5:30 + 4 times; וְחָֽשְׁכָה consec. Micah 3:6 (but v. infr.); חָֽשְׁכוּ Lamentations 5:17; וְחָֽשְׁכוּ consec. Ecclesiastes 12:3; Impf. 3 fs. תֶּחְשַׁךְ Ecclesiastes 12:2; וַתֶּחְשַׁךְ Exodus 10:15; 3 mpl. יֶחְשְׁכוּ Job 3:9; Job 3:3 fpl. תֶּחְשַׁכְנָה Psalms 69:24;—

be, grow dark, אוֹר Isaiah 5:30, cf. (fig.) Job 18:6; הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Isaiah 13:16 (fig.); היום Ezekiel 30:18 (where read חשׁך, for MT Baer חשׂך); Job 3:9 (subj. כוכבים), cf. Ecclesiastes 12:2 (subj. השׁמשׁ, האור, הירח, הכוכבים); impers. Micah 3:6 (si vera l.; but read prob. וַחֲשֵׁכָה, corresponding with לַיְלָה preceding).

have a dark colour: ח׳ מִשְּׁחוֹר תָּֽאֳרָם Lamentations 4:8 darker than blackness is their visage; of the earth הָאָרֶץ Exodus 10:15.

grow dim Lamentations 5:17 (subj. עינינו), cf. Psalms 69:24 (fig.), Ecclesiastes 12:3 subj. הָרֹאוֹת i.e. the eyes

Pf. הֶחְשִׁיךְ Amos 5:8, וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֫י Amos 8:9; Impf. יַחֲשִׁיךְ Psalms 139:12; יַחְשִׁךְ Jeremiah 13:16; וַיַּחְשִׁךְ Psalms 105:28; Pt. מַחְשִׁיךְ Job 38:2;—

make dark, יום לילה הח׳ Amos 5:8; abs. cause darkness Jeremiah 13:16 Psalms 105:28, cf. Amos 8:9 (לארץ).

= hide, conceal, sq. מִמֶּךָּ Psalms 139:12.

fig. obscure, confuse Job 38:2 (obj. עֵצָה).

חֹ֫שֶׁךְ

n.m. ^{Exodus 10:21} darkness, obscurity;—abs. חֹשֶׁךְ Genesis 1:2 + 75 times (+ Exodus 8:12 del. Co A B etc.); cstr. id. Exodus 10:22; sf. חָשְׁכִּי Psalms 18:29 = II Samuel 22:29;—

darkness (opp. אוֹר) lit. Genesis 1:2, Genesis 1:4 (P), Isaiah 45:7 Job 26:10 Ecclesiastes 2:13, cf. in imprecation Job 3:4, Job 3:5 (ח׳ וצלמות = לילה Genesis 1:5, Genesis 1:18 (P), cf. Joshua 2:5 (JE), Isaiah 45:19 Job 17:12; Job 24:16; Job 38:19 Psalms 104:20; darkness in mines Job 28:3; of extraordinary darkness, in Egypt Exodus 10:21^(×2) (E); ח׳־אֲפֵלָה Exodus 10:22 (E), Psalms 105:28, from pillar of cloud Exodus 14:20 (J); at Mt. Sinai Deuteronomy 4:11; Deuteronomy 5:17; of clouds of theophany II Samuel 22:12 = Psalms 18:12; of darkness in death, or Sheʾôl, I Samuel 2:9 Job 10:21 (אֶרֶץ ח׳ וצלמות), Job 17:13; Job 18:18 Psalms 88:13 Proverbs 20:20 (אִישׁוֹן ח׳ = extreme of darkness).

= secret place(s) Id Isaiah 45:3 Job 12:22 (‖ צלמות); = hiding-place Job 34:22 (‖ id.), cf. Psalms 139:11, Psalms 139:12;—on Ezekiel 8:12, v. supr.

fig.,

= distress Isaiah 5:30; Isaiah 9:1; Isaiah 29:18 (fig. of blindness), Isaiah 42:7; Isaiah 49:9; Isaiah 58:10; Isaiah 59:9; Isaiah 60:2 Lamentations 3:2 Micah 7:8 Psalms 18:29 = II Samuel 22:29, Job 15:22, Job 15:23, Job 15:30; Job 20:26; Job 22:11; Job 23:17; Job 29:3 Psalms 107:10, Psalms 107:14 (in both ‖ צלמות), Psalms 112:4 Ecclesiastes 5:16; Ecclesiastes 11:8.

= dread, terror, symbol. of judgment Amos 5:18, Amos 5:20 Zephaniah 1:15 Nahum 1:8 Ezekiel 32:8 Joel 2:4; Joel 3:4.

= mourning Isaiah 47:5.

= perplexity Job 5:14; Job 12:25; Job 19:8; confusion Psalms 35:6.

= ignorance Job 37:19 Ecclesiastes 2:14.

= evil, sin Isaiah 5:20^(×2) Proverbs 2:13.

= obscurity Ecclesiastes 6:4^(×2).

חֲשֵׁכָה

n.f. darkness (chiefly poet.)—ח׳ Genesis 15:12 + 2 times, so read also prob. Micah 3:6 (for MT חָֽשְׁכָה); חֲשֵׁיכָה Psalms 139:12; cstr. חֶשְׁכַּת Psalms 18:12; pl. חֲשֵׁכִים Isaiah 50:10;—darkness, opp. light (אוֹרָה) Psalms 139:12; supernat., ח׳ גדולה Genesis 15:12 (JE); חֶשְׁכַּת־מַיִם Psalms 18:12 in theoph. (but ‖ II Samuel 22:12 חַשְׁרַת־מים a mass of water); fig. = lack of understanding Psalms 82:5; = distress Isaiah 8:22 (‖ צָרָה), Isaiah 50:10.

חָשֻׁם

n.pr.m. head of a family of returned exiles Ezra 2:19 = Nehemiah 7:21, Ezra 10:33 cf. Nehemiah 8:4; Nehemiah 10:19.

חַשְׁמַל

n.[m.] etym. and exact meaning dub.; evidently some shining substance; AV amber; supposed by Thes (q.v.) and most to be a brilliant amalgam of gold and silver, 𝔊 ἤλεκτρον (v Liddell & Scott s. v. 2), 𝔙 electrum; v. also Dl in Baer^{Ezech. xii}; only in the combination כְּעֵין ח׳ like the appearance of ח׳ Ezekiel 1:4, Ezekiel 1:27; כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַ֑לָה Ezekiel 8:2 (on ending ה—ָ v. Ges^{§ 90 f}; Co del.).

חֹ֫שֶׁן

n.m. the breast-piece or sacred pouch, containing the אורים ותמים, worn on the breast of the high priest when he ministered in the Holy Place to bring the tribes for memorial before. י׳. It was made of the same material as the ephod (v. אֵפוֹד), a span square; set in front with twelve jewels in four rows, engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. It was firmly fastened to the shoulders of the ephod by gold chains passing through gold rings, and to the lower part of the ephod just above the girdle by a blue ribbon passing through other gold rings. It was חשֶׁן (ה)מִשְׁפָּט (Exodus 28:15, Exodus 28:29, Exodus 28:30) pouch of judgment, because of the decision given by the אוּרִים וְתֻמִּים. The name occurs only in P, Exodus 25:7; Exodus 28:4, Exodus 28:15, Exodus 28:22, Exodus 28:23^(×2), Exodus 28:24, Exodus 28:26, Exodus 28:28^(×2), Exodus 28:29, Exodus 28:30; Exodus 29:5; Exodus 35:9, Exodus 35:27; Exodus 39:8, Exodus 39:9, Exodus 39:15, Exodus 39:16, Exodus 39:17, Exodus 39:19, Exodus 39:21^(×2) Leviticus 8:8^(×2).—Vid. Now^{Arch. ii. 119.}

חָשַׁק

vb. be attached to, love (NH press together, desire (rare); Aramaic חֲשַׁק bind, saddle (an ass))—

Pf. ח׳ Deuteronomy 7:7 + 4 times; חָֽשְׁקָה Genesis 34:8; חָשַׁקְתָּ Isaiah 38:17 (but v. infr.); וְחָֽשַׁקְתָּ֫ Deuteronomy 21:11;—be attached to, only fig. = love, a woman sq. בְּ Genesis 34:8 (P) Deuteronomy 21:11; elsewhere of י׳’s love for Israel Deuteronomy 7:7; Deuteronomy 10:15, and of love to י׳ Psalms 91:14; sq. acc. cogn. + לְ and inf. כל־חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמה אשׁר ח׳ לִבְנוֹת I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6; חָשַׁקְתָּ נַפְשִׁי מִשַּׁחַת Isaiah 38:17 lit. thou hast loved my soul out of the pit, i.e. lovingly delivered it; but read חָשַׂכְתָּ thou hast held back, kept, from 𝔊 𝔙 Lo Ew Che Di, or חֲשׂךְ hold back (Imv.), so Du.

חֵ֫שֶׁק

n.m. desire = thing desired—cstr. חֵשֶׁק שְׁלֹמֹה I Kings 9:19 = II Chronicles 8:6, I Kings 9:1; sf. נֶשֶׁף חִשְׁקִי Isaiah 21:4 the twilight of my pleasure.

חֲשַׁשׁ

n.m. Isaiah 5:24 chaff;—abs. תַּהֲרוּ ח׳ תִלְדוּ קַשׁ Isaiah 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble (fig. of vain attempt of Assyrian); cstr. ח׳ לֶהָבָה יִרְפֶּח Isaiah 5:24 (‖ קַשׁ) as flaming chaff sinketh down (sim. of perishing of heedless Judahites).

חַת

חֵת

n.pr.m. appar. represented as ancestor of the Hittites (etym. and meaning unknown; pronounced as from √ ע״ע in Heb. & Assyrian, but not Egyptian; v. חִתִּי infr.)—‘begotten’ by Canaan Genesis 10:15 (J) = I Chronicles 1:13; elsewhere only in combin. with בְּנֵי, בְּנוֹת;

בְּנֵי־חֵת according to P lived at Mamre (Hebron), and one of them sold Abraham the cave of Machpelah for a sepulchre Genesis 23:3, Genesis 23:5, Genesis 23:10^(×2), Genesis 23:16, Genesis 23:18, Genesis 23:20; Genesis 25:10; Genesis 49:32.

בְּנוֹת(־)חֵת only of wives of Esau Genesis 27:46^(×2) (P; 𝔊 om. v b; ‖ בְּנוֹת הָאָרֶץ = בְּנוֹת כְּנָ֑עַן Genesis 28:1).

חִתִּי

adj. et n.gent. Hittite(s) (Egyptian Ḫ-tá, Ḫetá. W Max Müll^{Asien u. Europa, 319 ff.}; Assyrian Ḫatti, Schr^{KG 192 ff.} COT on Genesis 10:19 Dl^Pa, ^{269 ff.}; Tel-el-Amarna Ḫatti, Ḫatta Bez^{Tel el Amarn. Brit. Mus. 150})—m. always c. art. הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10 Exodus 3:8 +; f. חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, Ezekiel 16:45; mpl. הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 + 3 times; fpl. חִתִּיֹּת I Kings 11:1;—

adj., of seller of Machpelah to Abr., עֶפְרוֹן הַחִתִּי Genesis 23:10; Genesis 49:29, Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13; עֶפְרֹן בֶּן־צֹחַר הַח׳ Genesis 25:9 (all P); of fathers of Esau’s wives בְּאֵרִי הַח׳ Genesis 26:34; אֵילוֹן הַח׳ v Genesis 26:34; Genesis 36:2 (all P); also of warriors of David, אֲחִימֶלֶךְ הַח׳ I Samuel 26:6, and especially אוּרִיָּה הַח׳ II Samuel 11:3, II Samuel 11:6, II Samuel 11:17, II Samuel 11:21, II Samuel 11:24; II Samuel 12:9, II Samuel 12:10; II Samuel 23:39 I Kings 15:5 I Chronicles 11:41; fs. = subst., only of (religious) ancestry of Jerus. Ezekiel 16:3 thy father was the Amorite, and thy mother was a Hittite woman חִתִּית, similarly v Ezekiel 16:45; fpl.; = subst. of Sol.’s foreign wives, חִתִּיֹּת I Kings 11:1 Hittite women (+ מוֹאֲבִיּוֹת, עַמּוֹנִיּוֹת, אֲדֹמִיִּת, צֵדְנִיֹּת).

n. usually

coll. הַחִתִּי the Hittites: in lists of Canaanitish peoples Genesis 15:20 (JE), Exodus 3:8, Exodus 3:17 (both J), Exodus 13:5, Exodus 23:23, Exodus 23:28; Exodus 33:2; Exodus 34:11 Numbers 13:29 Joshua 3:10 (all JE), Deuteronomy 7:1; Deuteronomy 20:17 Joshua 9:1; Joshua 12:8; Joshua 24:11 (all D); read also for הַחִוִּי Judges 3:3 (so We Mey Bu^{Urg. 350}); in Joshua 11:3 (D) del. הַחִתִּי We Mey Bu^l.c., and read then הַחִתִּי for הַחִוִּי v b (so 𝔊, not 𝔊L); further I Kings 9:20 = II Chronicles 8:7, Ezra 9:1 Nehemiah 9:8.

pl. הַחִתִּים: כֹּל אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים Joshua 1:4 (D) nearly = land of Canaanites; ארץ הַח׳ specif. of northern home of Hittites Judges 1:26; so also II Samuel 24:6 where read אֶרֶץ הַחִתִּים קֵ֫דְשָׁה (for MT תחתים חָדְשִׁי, v. חָדְשִׁי, קֵדֶשׁ); מַלְכֵי הַחִתִּים I Kings 10:29 = II Chronicles 1:17 (both + מַלְכֵי אֲרָם), II Kings 7:6 (+ מַלְכֵי מִצְרַיִם, both feared by אֲרָם). Hence it appears that הַחִתִּי(ם) had their proper seat in the north—where also they were encountered by Assyrians from time of TP I (v. Schr Dl^l.c.), and by Egyptians from time of Tutmes III (v. W Max Müll^l.c.).—(cf. also Judges 3:3 Joshua 11:3 supr.), but that individual Hittites were known in Isr. (cf., besides I Samuel 2:6 II Samuel 11:3 etc., I Kings 9:20 supr.); that the Hittites were regarded (by JED) as one of the peoples of Canaan, and that the name even came to be used in more gen. sense for Canaanites. Only in P do they appear as having a definite settlement in the south, and are designated by בְּנֵי־חֵת (v. חֵת), as well as by the adj. הַחתִּי.

חָתָה

vb. snatch up, usually fire, coals (NH id.; 𝔗 חֲתָא id. (rare); Assyrian ḫatû is destroy (i.e. snatch away?) v. SASmith^{Asrb. i. 90})—

Impf. יַחְתֶּה Proverbs 6:27; sf. יַחְתְּךָ Psalms 52:7; Inf. cstr. לַחְתּוֹת Isaiah 30:14; Pt. חֹתֶה Proverbs 25:22;—snatch up, c. acc. אֵשׁ מִיָּקוּד Isaiah 30:14 to snatch up fire from a hearth (‖ לַחְשֹׂף מים מִגֶּבֶא); אֵשׁ בְּחֵיקוֹ Proverbs 6:27 shall a man snatch up fire in his bosom and his garments not be burned? (in sim. of adulterer); pregn. seize (and put) upon גֶּחָלִים אַתָּה ח׳ על־רֹאשׁוֹ Proverbs 25:22; יַחְתְּךָ וְיִסָּֽחֲךָ מֵאֹ֑הֶל Psalms 52:7 God … shall snatch thee away, and pluck thee up tent-less.

חִתָּה

v. sub חתת.

חִתּוּל

n.[m.] bandage—ח׳ Ezekiel 30:21, for broken arm (in fig. of Pharaoh’s broken arm).

חֶתְלֹן

n.pr.loc., on the extreme northern boundary of Isr. territory (in Ezek.’s conception), only דֶּרֶךְ(־)ח׳ Ezekiel 47:15; Ezekiel 48:1; mod. Ḥeitela nearly two hours from sea-coast, according to Furrer^{ZPV viii, 27}.

חָתַם

vb. seal, affix seal, seal up (NH id.; Aramaic חֲתַם, ܚܬܰܡ; Ethiopic ኀተመ Arabic خَتَمَ (whence خَاتَمٌ) is loan-word according to Frä²⁵²)—

Impf. 3 ms. יַחְתֹּם Job 9:7; Job 33:6, יַחְתּוֹם Job 37:7, וַיַּחְתֹּם Esther 8:10, etc.; Imv. חֲתֹם Daniel 12:4, חֲתוֹם Isaiah 8:16, חִתְמוּ Esther 8:8; Inf. abs. חָתוֹם Jeremiah 32:44; cstr. לַחְתֹּם Daniel 9:24, + v Daniel 9:24 Kt (Qr לְהָתֵם); Pt. act. חוֹתֵם Ezekiel 28:12; pass. חָתוּם Deuteronomy 32:34 + 2 times, etc.;—

seal, affix one’s seal, in attestation; seal with king’s seal (בְּחֹתָמוֹ) I Kings 21:8, בְּטַבַּעַת המלך Esther 8:8, Esther 8:10; of covenant with י׳, attested by seal (pass.) Nehemiah 10:1, Nehemiah 10:2; fig., of י׳ putting his seal upon (בְּ) discipline, i.e. ratifying it, Job 33:16; perhaps also upon hand of man (that man may know י׳’s ways) Job 37:7 v. De; Di sub 2. seal up hand of man, so that he cannot work with it (in winter).

seal up, fasten up by sealing, a deed of sale Jeremiah 32:10, Jeremiah 32:11 (opp. הַגָּלוּי that which was left open), v Jeremiah 32:14, Jeremiah 32:44, a book of prophecy Daniel 12:4 (‖ סְתֹם הַדְּבָרים), cf. v Daniel 12:9 (‖ id.), Daniel 9:24; so in sim. of unintelligible prophecy Isaiah 29:11^(×2); חֲתֹם תּוֹרָה בְּלִמֻּדָ֑י Isaiah 8:16 seal up the teaching among my disciples, i.e. keep it securely (‖ צוֹר); of י׳’s remembrance of offences חָתוּם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָ֑י Deuteronomy 32:34 (‖ כָּמֻס עִמָּדִי), so חָתוּם בִּצְרוֹר פִּשְׁעִי Job 14:17 (‖ וַתִּטְפֹּל עַל־עֲוֹנִי); מַעְיָן חָתוּם Song of Songs 4:12 a fountain sealed up, metaph. of chaste woman (‖ נָעוּל (גַּל) גַּן); וּבְעַד כּוֹכָבִים יַח׳ Job 9:7 and about the stars he putteth a seal (‖ of forbidding sun to rise).—אַתָּה חוֹתֵם תָּכְנִית Ezekiel 28:12 is obscure: thou wast one sealing proportion, i.e. perfection,—wast complete perfection, Ges Sm.; wast a sealer of symmetry v. Da; wast a seal (ring)—i.e. חוֹתַם cstr.—of proportion Codd. 𝔊 𝔙 Hi cf. Ew; text perhaps corrupt, v. suggestions in Co.—Daniel 9:24 read Qr לְהָתֵם (v. תמם). Job 33:16; Job 37:7 v. sub 1.

Pf. 3 ms. [or Pt.?] נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם Esther 3:12 (it was) written and sealed בְּטַבַּעַת הַמֶּלֶךְ; Inf. abs. וְנַחְתּוֹם Esther 8:8 (continuing pt. נִכְתָּ֣ב) also + בְּטַבַּעַת הַמּ׳; both pass. of Qal 1. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. יוֹמָם הִתְּמוּ־לָמוֹ Job 24:16 lit. by day they seal up for themselves, i.e. according to most, they shut themselves up, do not shew themselves (‖ לֹא יָדְעוּ אוֹר); 𝔊C has ἡμέρας ἐσφράγισαν ἐαυτοῖς (B al. ἑαυτους), whence Siegf conj. plausibly יָמִים ח׳ ל׳ they seal up the days unto themselves, i.e. daytime is for them sealed up and unused.

Pf. 3 ms. אוֹ־הֶחְתִּים בְּשָׂרוֹ מִזּוֹבוֹ Leviticus 15:3 or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.

חֹתָם

n.m. ^{Job 41:7} seal, signet-ring (Aramaic ܚܳܬܡܳܐ; Ethiopic ማኅተም —v. Lag^{BN 116})—abs. חֹתָם Exodus 28:11 + 2 times; חוֹתָם Jeremiah 22:24 + 8 times; sf. חֹתָֽמְךָ Genesis 38:18, חֹתָמוֹ I Kings 21:8;—on supposed cstr. חוֹתַם v. foregoing;—seal, signet-ring, hung by a cord (פָּתִיל) about the neck Genesis 38:18 (J; = חֹתֶמֶת v Genesis 38:25), or (later?) worn on (finger of) right hand Jeremiah 22:24, (Benz^Archäol. ¹⁰⁶); the two customsappar. combined Song of Songs 8:6 (עַל־לִבֶּ֗ךָ, עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ); used to attest a royal missive I Kings 21:8 (instr. of vb. חתם); a precious article Haggai 2:23 (sim. of Zerubbabel); פִּתּוּחֵי ח׳ engravings of a seal, as model for cutting names and inscr. on precious stones and gold plate Exodus 28:11, Exodus 28:21, Exodus 28:26; Exodus 39:6, Exodus 39:14, Exodus 39:30 (all P; v. Benz^{258 ff.}); חֹמֶר ח׳ Job 38:14 = clay of (under) a signet; ח׳ צָ֑ר Job 41:7 a close signet, i.e. one that is closely pressed down, sim. of closely joined (סָגוּר) scales of crocodile.

חוֹתָם²

n.pr.m.

man of Asher I Chronicles 7:32 𝔊 Χωθαν(μ) (= הֶלֶם v I Chronicles 7:35; A Ελαμ, 𝔊L Ιασουλ).

father of two of David’s heroes I Chronicles 11:44, 𝔊 Κωθαν, 𝔊L Χωθαν.

חֹתֵן

n.verb.

m. wife’s father (Arabic خَاتِنٌ a circumciser, hence father-in-law, with ref. to circumcision performed on young men just before marriage; خَتَنٌ relation on wife’s side; v. We^{Prol. 1886, 355 Anm. 1; Skizzen iii, 154} Sta^{ZAW 1886, 143 Anm.} Nö^{ZMG 1886, 187}; otherwise Dl^{Pr 91} Lag^{BN 116})—cstr. חֹתֵן Exodus 18:1 + 9 times, חֹתֶנְךָ Exodus 18:6, חֹתְנוֹ Exodus 3:1 + 9 times;—usually of Moses’ wife’s father Exodus 3:1; Exodus 4:18; Exodus 18:1, Exodus 18:2, Exodus 18:5, Exodus 18:6, Exodus 18:7, Exodus 18:8, Exodus 18:12^(×2), Exodus 18:14, Exodus 18:15, Exodus 18:17, Exodus 18:24, Exodus 18:27 (all E), Numbers 10:29 (J), Judges 1:16; Judges 4:11; of a Levite Judges 19:4, Judges 19:7, Judges 19:9.

f. wife’s mother, only sf. חֹתַנְתּוֹ Deuteronomy 27:23.

חָתָן

n.m. daughter’s husband, bridegroom (as one who undergoes circumcision, v. supr.; NH id.; Aramaic חַתְנָא, and ܚܰܬܢܳܐ (also sister’s husband, etc.); vulg.Ar. خَتَنٌ daughter’s husband, then more gen. wife’s and husband’s relations; Sab. (Liḥyân) חֿתן daughter’s husband DHM^{Epigr. Denkm. 87}; Assyrian ḫatanu, daughter’s husband COT^Gloss.)—abs. ח׳ I Samuel 18:18 + 10 times + Genesis 19:12 (where read חֲתָנֶיךָ 𝔊 Ol Di); cstr. חֲתַן Exodus 4:25 + 4 times; sf. חֲתָנוֹ Judges 19:5; חֲתָנָיו Genesis 19:14^(×2);—

in relation to a father, daughter’s husband, or bridegroom Genesis 19:12, Genesis 19:14 (ח׳ לֹקְחֵי בְּנֹתָיו), v Genesis 19:14 (all J), Judges 15:6; Judges 19:5 I Samuel 18:18; I Samuel 22:14 Nehemiah 6:18; Nehemiah 13:28; v. also חֲתַן בֵּית אַחְאָב II Kings 8:27 son-in-law of the house of Ahab, said of Ahaziah, whose mother Athaliah was the daughter of Ahab.

in relation to the bride, bridegroom ח׳ דָּמִים אַתָּה לִי Exodus 4:25 a bloody bridegroom art thou to me, cf. v Exodus 4:26 (J; on this v. We^{Prol. 1886, 355}); ‖ כַּלָּה Jeremiah 7:34; Jeremiah 16:9; Jeremiah 25:10; Jeremiah 33:11 Joel 2:16; in sim. of י׳’s work for and delight in his people Isaiah 61:10; Isaiah 62:5; of sun Psalms 19:6.

חָתַר

vb. dig, row (NH id., bore (through), so Aramaic חֲתַר 𝔗 (rare))—

Pf. ח׳ Job 24:16, חָתַרְתִּי Ezekiel 12:7; Impf. וָאֶחְתֹּר Ezekiel 8:8 יַחְתְּרוּ Ezekiel 12:12 Amos 9:2, וַיַּחְתְּרוּ Jonah 1:13; Imv. חֲתָר־ Ezekiel 8:8; Ezekiel 12:5;—

dig into houses, c. acc. בָּתִּים Job 24:16 (of burglary); sq. בְּ into or through a wall Ezekiel 8:8^(×2) (Co del. on intern. grounds), Ezekiel 12:5, Ezekiel 12:7, Ezekiel 12:12; metaph. sq. בשׁאול Amos 9:2 dig into Sh^eʾôl, i.e. as a refuge.

row (as digging into the water) Jonah 1:13.

חָתַת

vb. be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian ḫattu, terror, Dl^{HWB 296}; Talm. חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic ሐተተ is scrutari, examinare, v. Di^{Lex. 105})—

Pf. 3 ms. חַת Jeremiah 50:2; 3 fs. חַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 14:4 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תָּה Jeremiah 48:1; 3 pl. חַ֫תּוּ Isaiah 37:27 + 4 times, וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Isaiah 20:5 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תּוּ consec. Jeremiah 50:36; Impf. (Kö^{i. 366}) יֵחַת Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isaiah 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jeremiah 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ I Samuel 2:10 + 3 times—On יֵחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 v. נָחַת;—תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Joshua 10:25 + 2 times, etc.; Imv. וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isaiah 8:9^(×3);—

be shattered, broken, fig. of nations under divine judgment Isaiah 7:8; Isaiah 30:31; so prob. also Isaiah 8:9^(×3) (but del. in v a), and perhaps (of י׳’s foes in gen.) I Samuel 2:10 (song;—others render dismayed in all except Isaiah 7:8); fig. of י׳’s righteousness Isaiah 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); lit. of bows Jeremiah 51:56, according to Gie’s reading חַתָּה v. Pi.

be dismayed, usually

abs.: | יָרֵא Deuteronomy 1:21; Deuteronomy 31:8 Joshua 8:1; Joshua 10:25 (all D), I Samuel 17:11 Jeremiah 23:4; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27 Ezekiel 2:6; Ezekiel 3:9 I Chronicles 22:13; I Chronicles 28:20 II Chronicles 20:15, II Chronicles 20:17; II Chronicles 32:7; ‖ בּוֹשׁ Isaiah 20:5; Isaiah 37:27 = II Kings 19:26 Jeremiah 8:9; Jeremiah 17:18^(×2); Jeremiah 48:1, Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39; Jeremiah 50:2^(×2) (others assign Jeremiah 48:20, Jeremiah 48:39; Jeremiah 50:2^(×2) to 1); fig. of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jeremiah 14:4 (‖ בּוֹשׁ of the husband-men); in Jeremiah 14:4 read prob. with Du (after 𝔊) Co Dr וְעֹבְדֵי הא׳ חַתּוּ. ‖ערץ Joshua 1:9 no ‖ Jeremiah 50:36 Obadiah 1:9 Job 32:15; Job 39:22.

be dismayed at, sq. מִן Isaiah 31:4, Isaiah 31:9; Isaiah 51:7 (‖ יָרֵא) Jeremiah 1:17; Jeremiah 10:2^(×2).

Pf. only 3 ms. וּמִפְּנֵי שְׁמִי נִחַח Malachi 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (‖ יָרֵא).

Pf. dismay, scare, 2 ms. sf. וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי בַחֲלֹמוֹת (Kö^{i. 372}) consec. Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (‖ בִּעֵת); 3 fs. חִתְּתָה Jeremiah 51:56 (of bows) is intrans. [inchoat. Ew^{§ 120, 2 d}], Gf. al., be shattered, but text prob. erron. Gie חַתָּה (v. Qal 1).

Pf. 2 ms. הַחִתֹּתָ Isaiah 9:3; 1 s. וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jeremiah 49:37 (Kö^{i. 372}); Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, sf. 3 fpl. יְחִיתַ֑ן Habakkuk 2:17 (Kö^{i. 374}; but 𝔊 𝔗 𝔖 Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1 s. sf. אֲחִתְּךָ Jeremiah 1:17 (sq. לפניהם).—

shatter c. acc. Isaiah 9:3.

cause to be dismayed Jeremiah 49:37 sq. לִפְנֵי.

dismay, terrify, sq. sf. Job 31:34 Habakkuk 2:17.

חַת²

n.m. ^{Genesis 9:2} terror, fear—חָ֑ת Job 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Genesis 9:2;—c. sf. as obj. gen., Genesis 9:2 terror of you (‖ מוֹרַאֲכֶם); in description of crocodile c. neg., הֶעָשׂוּ לִבְלִי־חָ֑ת Job 41:25 one made for fearlessness.

חַת³

adj. shattered, dismayed—mpl. חַתִּים:—

shattered קֶשֶׁת גִּבֹּרִים ח׳ I Samuel 2:4 (song; on pl. חַתִּים v. Dr); so fig. Ezekiel 32:30 according to 𝔊 Codd. Co (חַתִּים for MT חִתִּיתָם) broken in their might, of Sidonians in Sheʾôl.

dismayed Jeremiah 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by Nebuchadrezzar.

חֲתַת

n.[m.] terror—only תִּרְאוּ ח׳ וַתִּירָ֑אוּ Job 6:21 (> Baer תִּֽירְאוּ for תִּרְאוּ) ye see a terror, and fear (note paronomasia in Heb.; v. Di).

חִתָּה²

n.f. terror—חִתַּת אלהים עַל־הֶעָרִים Genesis 35:5 a terror of (= from) God was upon the cities.

חֲתַת²

n.pr.m. son of Othniel and grandson of Kenaz (brother of Caleb), חֲתַ֑ת I Chronicles 4:13.

חִתִּית

n.f. terror, only Ezek.; abs. ח׳ Ezekiel 32:23, but Co reads חִתִּיתָם (with 𝔊 and v Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:26); cstr. id. Ezekiel 32:27; sf. חתיתו Ezekiel 32:32 Kt (> חִתִּיתִי Qr); חִתִּיתָם Ezekiel 32:24 + 2 times + Ezekiel 26:17 (read חִתִּיתָהּ, with 𝔊 Ew Co, see VB, Ezekiel 32:30 (read חַתִּים, v. ii. חת);—terror, caused by powerful cities, nations, kings, etc.: usually c. sf. as obj. genit. Ezekiel 26:17 (of Tyre); elsewhere only Ezekiel 32: v Ezekiel 32:27 (ח׳ גִּבּוֹרִים, 𝔖 Co ח׳ גבור תם), v Ezekiel 32:30 (חִתִּיתָם, but read חַתִּים, v. supr.); especially in phr. נָתַן ח׳ בארץ חַיִּים cause one’s terror (terror of oneself) in the land of the living v Ezekiel 32:23, Ezekiel 32:24, Ezekiel 32:25 (del. 𝔊 Co), v Ezekiel 32:26, Ezekiel 32:32.—חִתִּית Ezekiel 16:3, Ezekiel 16:45 v. חִתִּי sub חֵת supr. p. 366.

חֵת²

v. supr. p. 366.

חֵמָה²

(once חֵמָא)₁₂₁ n.f. heat, rage (for יְחֵמָה; NH id.; Aramaic יַחְמָא poison, ܚܶܡܬܳܐ heat, wrath, poison, Brock^{Lex. 116}, also Nö^{§ 105}; Arabic حُمَةٌ poison, Lane ⁶⁵¹; Assyrian imtu, spittle, breath, poison, Dl^{HWB 78} Muss-Arnolt^{CD 62})—abs. חֵמָה Nahum 1:2 + 39 times; חֵמָא †Daniel 11:44; cstr. חֲמַת Genesis 27:44 + 25 times; sf. חֲמָתִי Jeremiah 4:4 + 36 times; חֲמָֽתְךָ Jeremiah 10:25 + 8 times; חֲמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalms 88:8; Psalms 89:47; חֲמָתוֹ Isaiah 51:17 + 8 times; חֲמָתָם Job 6:4; pl. חֵמוֹת Proverbs 22:24, חֵמֹת Psalms 76:11;—

heat:

fever, חֲמַת מִיַּיִן Hosea 7:5 fever from wine, wine-fever (on st. cstr. v. Ges^{§ 130, 1}).

venom, poison (fig.): חֲמַת זֹחֲלֵי עָפָר Deuteronomy 32:24; ח׳ תַּנִּינִים v Deuteronomy 32:33; ח׳ נָחָשׁ Psalms 58:5 cf. v Psalms 58:5; ח׳ עַכְשׁוּב Psalms 140:4; poison of arrows (of י׳) Job 6:4.

burning anger, rage:

of man: Genesis 27:44 (J), II Samuel 11:20 II Kings 5:12 Esther 1:12; Esther 2:1; Esther 3:5; Esther 5:9 (against, עַל), Esther 7:7, Esther 7:10 Psalms 37:8 (‖ אַף), Psalms 76:11 (yet on text v. Che), Proverbs 6:34; Proverbs 15:1, Proverbs 15:18 (אִישׁ חֵמָה man of rage = raging or wrathful man), Proverbs 16:4; Proverbs 19:19 (גְּדָל־ח׳ Qr = one great in rage, v. De Now), Proverbs 27:4 (‖ אַף), Isaiah 51:13^(×2) Ezekiel 23:25; אִישׁ חֵמוֹת Proverbs 22:24 (‖ בַּעַל אָ֑ף); בַּעַל חֵמָה Proverbs 29:22 (‖ אִישׁ אַף); חֵמָה עַזָּה strong rage Proverbs 21:14 (‖ אַף); חֲמַת רוּחִי Ezekiel 3:14 the rage of my spirit.

of the he-goat in Daniel’s vision, בַּחֲמַת כֹּחוֹ Daniel 8:6 in the fury of his power.

of God (י׳), often Je Isaiah 2 Ez ψ: Jeremiah 4:4 + 16 times Je; II Kings 22:13, II Kings 22:17 Isaiah 27:4 (Hi Ew Di Du; on other interpr., and on text v. Di), Isaiah 63:5 Lamentations 2:4 Ezekiel 5:13 + 29 times Ez; Numbers 25:11 (P), II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 34:21, II Chronicles 34:25; II Chronicles 36:16 Psalms 59:14; Psalms 79:6; Psalms 88:8; Psalms 89:47; Psalms 106:23 Job 21:20; appar. also Job 19:29; Job 36:18 v Di; often ‖ אַף, Micah 5:14 Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:22 Isaiah 42:25 (אַפּוֹ as appos., + עֱזוּז מִלְחָמָה), Isaiah 63:3, Isaiah 63:6 Daniel 9:16 Psalms 6:2; Psalms 78:38; Psalms 90:7; לְהָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15 (‖ וְגַעֲרָתוֹ בְּלַהֲבֵי־אֵשׁ), Jeremiah 23:19; Jeremiah 30:23 of the whirlwind of י׳; ‖ אַף + קֶצֶף גָּדוֹל Deuteronomy 29:27 Jeremiah 21:5; Jeremiah 32:37; ‖ אַף + תֹּכְחוֹת חֵמָה Ezekiel 5:15, cf. תּוֹכְחוֹת חֵמָה alone Ezekiel 25:17; ‖ חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ Nahum 1:6 Lamentations 4:11; ‖ קֶצֶף Isaiah 34:2 (of fury against, על), Psalms 38:2; ‖ גְּעָרָה Isaiah 51:20; ‖ גְּמוּל Isaiah 59:18; ‖ קִנְאָה Ezekiel 36:6, cf. חֵמָה גְדוֹלָה קִנֵּאתִי Zechariah 8:2 (‖ קִנְאָה גדולה); דַּם חֵמָה וְקִנְאָה Ezekiel 16:38 (on text v. Co); חֲמַת קֶ֑רִי Leviticus 26:28 rage of meeting, i.e. encountering them in rage; כּוֹס חֲמָתוֹ(-תִי) Isaiah 51:17, Isaiah 51:22 the cup of his (my) fury; כּוֹס הַיַּיִן הַחֵמָה הַזּאֹת Jeremiah 25:15; בַּעַל חֵמָה a possessor of fury = furious Nahum 1:2 (‖ נֹקֵם, אֵל קִנּוֹא). [חֵמָה עַל = rage against one: Isaiah 34:2 II Chronicles 28:9.—Vbs. used with חֵמָה are: 2. a.: שׁוּב Genesis 27:44, הֵשִׁיב Proverbs 15:1, עָלָה II Samuel 11:20, בָּעַר Esther 1:12, שָׁכַךְ Esther 2:1; Esther 7:10; 2. c.: הֵשִׁיב turn away wrath of י׳ Numbers 25:11 Psalms 106:23 Jeremiah 18:20 (but הָשִׁיב בְּחֵמָה אַפּוֹ Isaiah 66:15 to recompense his anger in fury, give it as requital); ח׳ י׳ is kindled against one יצת ב Niph. II Kings 22:13, II Kings 22:17; it burns בָּֽעֲרָה Jeremiah 4:4; Jeremiah 21:12; Jeremiah 44:6 Psalms 89:47; arises עלה II Chronicles 36:16, cf. as obj. of עלה Hiph. Ezekiel 24:8; is poured out נִתְּכָה בְ II Chronicles 12:7; II Chronicles 34:21, II Chronicles 34:25 Jeremiah 7:20; נִתְּכָה עַל Jeremiah 42:18^(×2); Jeremiah 44:6; נִתְּכָה כָאֵשׁ Nahum 1:6; י׳ pours it out שָׁפַךְ אֶל Psalms 79:6; שָׁפַךְ עַל Isaiah 42:25 Jeremiah 10:25 Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 9:8; Ezekiel 14:19; Ezekiel 16:38 (according to Co’s conject.), Ezekiel 20:8, Ezekiel 20:13, Ezekiel 20:21; Ezekiel 22:22; Ezekiel 30:15; Ezekiel 36:18; שָׁפַךְ כָּאֵשׁ Lamentations 2:4; חֵמָה שְׁפוּכָה Ezekiel 20:33, Ezekiel 20:34; הֵנִיחַ ח׳ בְ bring to rest (i.e. satisfy) one’s fury upon Ezekiel 5:13; Ezekiel 16:42; Ezekiel 24:13; כִּלָּה ח׳ Lamentations 4:11; + בְּ Ezekiel 5:13 I have accomplished my fury upon them (in their case), Ezekiel 6:12; Ezekiel 13:15.]